APPENDIX A
TABLE SHOWING VALUES ASSIGNED TO THE LETTERS OF THE OLD PERSIAN ALPHABET
Niebuhr Alphabet
Tychsen, 1798
Münter, 1800
Grotefend, 1803-1815
St. Martin, 1823-1832
Rask, 1826
Burnouf, 1836
Lassen, 1836
Grotefend, 1837
Beer, 1838
Jacquet, 1838
Lassen, 1844
Hincks, June 1846
Rawlinson, before August 1846
Rawlinson, after August 1846
Hincks, Dec. 1846
1
[cuneiform character]
Defective
1
2
𐏐
Sign of Separation
Sign of Separation
2
3
[cuneiform character]
ě
r
e
e
3
4
𐎣
l, ě
p
e
e
k
k
e
k
k
k
k before a & i
k
4
5
𐎿
ê, t, n
s
s‛
ç
ç
ç
ç
s
s
s before a, i, u?
s
5
6
𐎿
Defective
6
7
𐎲
l, s
b
v
r
b
b
b
b
b
b
b before a, i, u
b
7
8
𐎼
r
8
9
𐎼
l, ê
r
r
r
r
r
r
r
r
r before a & i
r
9
10
𐎺
ê i(u)
e
i
i
w
i
v
w
w
w
v before a & u
w?
10
11
𐎭
kh
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d before a
d
11
12
𐎡
m, ǎ, ä
o (vocal)
o
y
ô
y, medial
ô
i
i
i
i
12
13
[cuneiform character]
m
n
n
t
th
thr
tr
tř
tř
thr
13
14
𐎱
a, ǒ
p or b
p
p
p
p
p
p
p
p before a, i, u
p
14
15
𐎻
ä
g
v
g
v, initial
g
v
w before i
v
v before i
w(i)
15
16
𐎨
ǎ, ä, r
r (fort)
o
e
v
î y,
è(n) medial
ch or c
k’
ch
ch
ch before a &
ch
16
17
[cuneiform character]
ä
uncertain
w
17
18
𐏀
ǎ
gh
e
z
z
gh
z
zh
z
z before a, u?
zh
18
19
𐎮
l
uncertain
l?
kʹ
w
k’h
d (before i)
t with i
d before i
d(i)
19
20
[cuneiform character]
a
Defective
20
21
𐎠
a
e or a
e or a
a
â
â
â
â
a
a
a
a
21
22
𐎬
a
th
dh
t‘
m
d’h
t before u
t’h
t before u
t(u)
22
23
𐎶
a
o
â
m
m
m
ǒ
ʹm
m
m
m before a
m
23
24
𐎫
i(u)
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t before a & i
t
24
25
𐎤
d
z, changed to k, 1815
h
q
q
with u 36 equal ô
k
th
q
k before u
kh
k before u
k(u)
25
26
𐎰
n, s
i
h
y
z
i
θ
z
th
th before a, i, u
th
26
27
𐎹
b, k, r
h
e
h
h with 12 equal ê
h
y
y
j for y
y
y
y before a, i, u
y
27
28
𐎩
r
ng
h?
ñ
ng
z
z’
j
jh
j before a
j
28
29
𐎷
b, r
h
e
î
‘m?
hh
‘m
m before i
m (with i)
m before i
m(i)
29
30
[cuneiform character]
k
Defective
30
31
𐎴
b, x, y
tsch
b, changed to m after 1826
n
n
n
s
n
n
n
n before a & i
n
31
32
𐎪
x
dj
gh? uncertain
gʹ
dsh
g’
zh before i
j
j before i
j(i)
32
33
𐎸
x
k
gh? uncertain
g‛
s s
ψ
kh before u
m (with u)
m before u
m(u)
33
34
𐎯
d, y
z
gh
d‛
z?
dh
d before u
dh
d before u
d(u)
34
35
𐎥
u⁽ᵘ⁾
u
û
g
y
g
g
g
g before a
g
35
36
𐎢
u, uᵘ
u
ou
u
u with 10 equal q
u
u
u
u
u
u
36
37
[cuneiform character]
Defective
37
38
𐏁
s
ou, w, ii, y
sch, sh
ch
ch
s‛
sh
s
sh
sh
sh before a, i, u
sh
38
39
𐎳
ǒ
f
f
f
f
f
p before r
f
f before a?
ph(r)
39
40
𐎽
s
sch, changed to sr, 1815
ch
l
s‛
r
k
(h?)
r before u
‘r
r before u
r (with u)
r before u
r(u)
40
41
𐏃
j, y
a
ou
a
a, initial n̆g, medial
ǎ
h
h
h
h
h
h before a, i, u
h
41
42
𐎧
ô
kh
kh
kh
k‛
kh
kh
kh
kʹh
kh before a & u
kh
42
Later Additions
43
𐎵
n (with u)
n before u
n(u)
43
44
𐎦
gh? uncertain
g‛
gʹ
gh
g before u
gh
g before u
g(u)
44
45
[cuneiform character]
rp
rp
q?
doubtful final
45
46
𐎾
ñ
ñ
ñ
46
47
𐏋
King
47
48
𐏍
v
dᵃh
dah?
48
49
𐏏
bumi
bumʹi
49
Defective Signs
[cuneiform character]
x
i
[cuneiform character]
n
v
[cuneiform character]
n
[cuneiform character]
t
kh
[cuneiform character]
sʹ
[cuneiform character]
s
[cuneiform character]
o
[cuneiform character]
r
[cuneiform character]
m
[cuneiform character]
h
[cuneiform character]
t
[cuneiform character]
v, û, medial