[181] Roman Pilat, History of Polish Literature (Historja literatury polskiej), Lwów, 1909, vol. ii, No. 1 p. 24.

[182] Peter Chmielowski, History of Polish Literature (Historja literatury polskiej), Lwów, vol. i, pp. 90-91.

[183] Stanislaus Kot, Andrew Frycz Modrzewski, Cracow, 1919, pp. 13-15.

[184] Chmielowski, vol. i, pp. 197-202.

[185] Kot, pp. 189-190.

[186] Cf. Chmielowski, vol. i, pp. 150-152, and Smoleński, Hist. of Poland, p. 93.

[187] Cf. Pilat, vol. ii, No. 1, p. 28.

[188] See Arthur Górski, Poland’s Objective (Ku czemu Polska szła), Warsaw, 1919, p. 46, and Lewinski-Corwin, A Hist. of Poland, p. 142.

[189] Pilat, vol. ii, No. 1, pp. 36-37.

[190] Chmielowski, vol. i, p. 153.

[191] Ibid.; Pilat, vol. ii, No. 1, p. 36.

[192] Chmielowski, vol. i, pp. 153-154.

[193] Reformation in Poland, vol. i, No. 3, p. 181.

[194] Pilat, vol. ii, No. 1, p. 37, n. 1.

[195] Chmielowski, vol. i, p. 174; cf. Lewinski-Corwin, p. 142.

[196] See Reformation in Poland, vol. i, No. 3, p. 181; Chmielowski, vol. i, pp. 154, 155; Pilat, vol. ii, No. 1, p. 38.

[197] Pilat, vol. ii, No. 1, p. 36.

[198] Chmielowski, vol. i, p. 155; Pilat, vol. ii, No. 1, p. 38.

[199] Reformation in Poland, vol. i, No. 3, p. 182.

[200] Ibid.

[201] Pilat, vol. ii, No. 1, pp. 38-39; Chmielowski, vol. i, p. 155.

[202] Górski, p. 47.

[203] Lewinski-Corwin, p. 143.

[204] Pilat, vol. i, No. 1, p. 39; Chmielowski, vol. i, p. 155.

[205] The Reformation in Poland, vol. i, No. 3, p. 184.

[206] Ibid., vol. i, No. 3, p. 184.

[207] Ibid., vol. i, No. 3, pp. 186-187.

[208] Ibid., vol. i, No. 3, p. 188 and n. 1.

[209] Ibid., vol. i, No. 1, pp. 44-45.

[210] Ibid., vol. i, No. 1, p. 45.

[211] Ibid., vol. i, No. 1, p. 45.

[212] Ibid., vol. i, No. 1, pp. 46-47.

[213] Ibid., vol. i, No. 1, p. 47.

[214] Ibid., vol. i, No. 1, pp. 48-49.

[215] Ibid., vol. i, No. 1, pp. 49-50.

[216] Kot, Modrzewski, pp. 7-8, 64.

[217] See Pilat, vol. ii, No. 1, p. 39, and Brückner, History of Polish Literature, vol. i, pp. 102-103, 113.

[218] Kubala, Orzechowski, p. 55.

[219] Chmielowski, vol. i, pp. 189-190.

[220] Ibid., p. 189.

[221] Ibid., p. 190.

[222] Ibid., p. 192.

[223] Ibid., pp. 192, 193.

[224] Ibid., p. 155.

[225] Pilat, vol. ii, No. 1, pp. 56, 57; Kot, Modrzewski, p. 31, n.

[226] Reformation in Poland, vol. i, No. 1, p. 15.

[227] Chmielowski, vol. i, p. 160.

[228] Reformation in Poland, vol. i, No. 1, p. 15.

[229] See Appendix, No. 10. The number of Polish students at Wittenberg was so considerable by 1535 that John Cochlaeus, a Catholic polemical writer, called attention to the danger of this to the Catholic Church (Reformation in Poland, vol. ii, No. 7, p. 166), and the result was the Edict of Feb. 4, 1535; repeated March 22, 1540; revoked in 1543.

[230] “Collegium Albertinum,” founded by Albert II in 1544, with a distinctively Lutheran character.

[231] Historical Quarterly (Kwartalnik Historyczny), Lwów, vol. xxviii, No. 1, pp. 83-88; The Reformation in Poland, vol. i, No. 2, pp. 105-133.

[232] Historical Quarterly, vol. xxviii, No. 1, p. 84.

[233] Ibid., p. 84.

[234] Ibid., p. 85.

[235] Ibid., p. 87.

[236] Reformation in Poland, vol. i, No. 2, p. 128.

[237] Kot, Modrzewski, p. 8.

[238] Ibid., p. 15; Kubala, Orzechowski, p. 2; Pilat, vol. ii, No. 1, p. 56.

[239] Kot, Modrzewski, p. 29, n. 2.

[240] Historical Quarterly, vol. xxviii, No. 1, p. 87.

[241] Ibid., p. 84.

[242] Ibid., p. 87.

[243] Ibid., pp. 87-88.

[244] Ibid., pp. 84-87.

[245] Ibid., p. 85.

[246] Ibid., p. 85; Reformation in Poland, vol. i, No. 2, p. 128.

[247] Historical Quarterly, vol. xxviii, No. 1, pp. 85-86.

[248] Ibid., pp. 86-87.

[249] Ibid., p. 87.

[250] Ibid., p. 88.

[251] Reformation in Poland, vol. i, No. 2, p. 128.

[252] Ibid., p. 128.

[253] Ad invictissimum Poloniae regem Sigismundum de sacrificio Missae contra Lutheranos, Joannes Eckius, 1526, referred to by Krasiński, vol. i, p. 88.

[254] See above, p. 38.

[255] Pilat, vol. ii, No. 1, p. 32.

[256] Krasiński, vol. ii, p. 42.

[257] Kubala, Stanislaus Orzechowski, p. 7.

[258] Vol. leg., vol. ii, fol. 841-843.

[259] “Quod vero supra hisce literis, privilegia, libertatis ecclesiasticas, cum caeteris confirmavimus, id nihil articulo juramenti derogare volumus; videlicet pacem, et tranquilitatem, inter dissidentes de religione, tuebimur, et manu tenebimus, etc., quem inconcusse, firmiter et inviolabiliter, ac cum effectu, nos observaturos promittimus, ac spondemus” (Confirmatio Generalis Omnium Jurium a. 1576, in Vol. leg., vol. ii, fol. 913).

“Pacemque et tranquillitatem inter dissidentes de religione tuebor, manutenebo, nec ullo modo, vel jurisdictione nostra, vel officiorum nostrorum, et Statuum quorumvis, authoritate quemquam affici, opprimique, causa religionis, permittam, nec ipse afficiam, nec opprimam” (Literae de praestito juramento, sworn to by Henry de Valois, Stephen Batory, and Sigismund III, see Vol. leg., vol. ii, folio 863, 892, 1096).

It is interesting to note also Sigismund III’s confirmation of the Confederation of Warsaw: “Confoederationem inter dissidentes de religione, non solum juramento, uti a Serenissimis, Henrico, et Stephano, Regibus Poloniae et Praedecessoribus suis factum est, conservabit; verum etiam processum et exequutionem utrique parti servientem, contra violatores ejus oblatam, sub juramento observabit: et ut ab Ordinibus Regni quamprimum instituatur, sedulo curabit” (Vol. leg., vol. ii, fol. 1099). The significance of this confirmation becomes still more striking when one recalls the strongly reactionary character of this ruler.

[260] Reformation in Poland, vol. i, No. 2, p. 129.

[261] Ibid., p. 134.

[262] Ibid., p. 123.

[263] Ibid., p. 136.

[264] Krasiński, vol. ii, pp. 135-136.

[265] Łukaszewicz, A History of Calvinistic Churches in Little Poland (Dzieje kościołów wyznania helweckiego w Małej Polsce), Posen, 1853, p. 308.

[266] See above, p. 33.