[885] Independent Chronicle, March 3, 1794.

[886] Madison’s Writings (to Jefferson), II, 1-5.

[887] Ibid., II, 5-6.

[888] Philadelphia Daily Advertiser, March 27, 28, 1794.

[889] Ames, I, 137-38.

[890] Printed in London by John Stockdale, Piccadilly.

[891] Gibbs, I, 133.

[892] Ames, I, 137-38.

[893] Philadelphia Daily Advertiser, February 1, 1794.

[894] Philadelphia Daily Advertiser, March 24, 1794.

[895] Annals, February 28, 1794.

[896] Ibid., March 27, 1794.

[897] Ibid., April 21, 1794.

[898] Philadelphia Daily Advertiser, April 11, 1794.

[899] Madison’s Writings (to Jefferson), II, 7-8.

[900] Bond’s Letters, American Historical Association, Report, 1897, pp. 543-45.

[901] Bond’s Letters, American Historical Association, Report, 1897, p. 546.

[902] Philadelphia Daily Advertiser, April 13, 1794.

[903] Ibid., April 14, 1794.

[904] Ibid., May 21, 1794.

[905] Ibid., April 5, 1794.

[906] New York Journal, March 22, 1794.

[907] Philadelphia Daily Advertiser, April 9, 1794.

[908] New York Journal, May 3, 1794.

[909] Ibid., May 28, 1794.

[910] Ames (to Gore), I, 139.

[911] King’s Works (from Alsop), I, 159.

[912] Ibid., I, 560.

[913] Bemis, 45.

[914] Ibid., 65.

[915] Bemis, 104.

[916] Bemis, 105, 106, 147, 154; Intimate Life, 289.

[917] Philadelphia Daily Advertiser, April 7, 1794.

[918] King’s Works, I, 517.

[919] Hamilton’s Works, V, 114.

[920] Familiar Letters, 59.

[921] Pellew, 218.

[922] Bemis, 206-07.

[923] Madison’s Writings, II, 12.

[924] Philadelphia Daily Advertiser, April 24, 1794.

[925] Adams, Adams, I, 472.

[926] Philadelphia Daily Advertiser, April 19, 1794.

[927] Ibid., May 10, 1794.

[928] Ibid., June 26, 1794.

[929] New York Journal, November 5, 1794.

[930] Gazette of the United States, July 25, 1794.

[931] Hamilton’s Works, V, 115-19; draft of instructions, ibid., 121-23; letter to Jay, ibid., 123-28; Bemis, 210.

[932] Bemis, 212.

[933] New York Journal, May 14, 1794.

[934] Madison’s Writings (to Jefferson), II, 14-15.

[935] Madison’s Writings (to his father), II, 16.

[936] Jefferson’s Works, IX, 293-97.

[937] Philadelphia Daily Advertiser, September 1, 1794.

[938] Gazette of the United States, October 21, 1794.

[939] Gibbs, I, 156.

[940] Philadelphia Daily Advertiser, October 13, 1794.

[941] Philadelphia Democratic Society, Gazette of the United States, August 7, 1794; German Republican Club, Philadelphia, ibid., September 1, 1794; Democratic Society, Washington, North Carolina, South Carolina, Philadelphia Daily Advertiser, October 6, 1794; Democratic Society, Canaan, New York, New York Journal, September 4, 1794.

[942] Philadelphia Daily Advertiser, September 10, 1794.

[943] September 13, 1794.

[944] Gazette of the United States, September 5, 1794.

[945] Philadelphia Daily Advertiser, September 15, 1794.

[946] Ibid., September 24, 1794.

[947] Philadelphia Daily Advertiser, August 20, 1794.

[948] Hamilton’s Works, VI, 420-21.

[949] Philadelphia Daily Advertiser, November 10, 1794.

[950] Ibid., September 8, 1794.

[951] Ibid., November 6, 1794.

[952] Madison’s Writings (to Jefferson), II, 18-19.

[953] Hamilton’s Works, VI, 457.

[954] Ibid., X, 77.

[955] Bond’s Letters, 558.

[956] Stevens, Gallatin, 90.

[957] Gazette of the United States (letter from a soldier), October 16, 1794.

[958] Biddle’s Autobiography, 262.

[959] Centinel, October 25 and 29, 1794.

[960] Ibid., November 1, 1794.

[961] November 3, 1794.

[962] Independent Chronicle, November 6, 1794.

[963] Madison’s Writings, II, 29.

[964] New York Journal, December 10, 1794.

[965] Ames (to Dwight) I, 158.

[966] Dodd, Macon, 77.

[967] Ibid., 78-79.

[968] Madison’s Writings (to Jefferson), II, 19-20.

[969] Madison’s Writings, II, 27; Goodwin, Dolly Madison, 26.

[970] Randall, II, 245; Domestic Life, 231.

[971] Intimate Life, 69.

[972] Philadelphia Daily Advertiser, April 10, 1794.

[973] Gazette of the United States, November 1, 1794.

[974] Ibid.

[975] Philadelphia Daily Advertiser, May 7, 1794.

[976] Ibid., October 24, 1794.

[977] Professor Morse, in The Federalist Party in Massachusetts, makes this point.

[978] Madison’s Writings, II, 21-23.

[979] Ibid., 23-27.

[980] Ibid. (to Jefferson), 28-30.

[981] Washington’s phrase.

[982] Jefferson’s Works (to Madison), IX, 293-97.

[983] Hamilton’s Works, X, 78-79.

[984] Annals, November 25, 1794.

[985] Annals, November 25-27, 1794.

[986] January 24, 1794.

[987] Gazette of the United States, December 11, 1794.

[988] Ibid., October 14, 1794.

[989] Gazette of the United States, December 29, 1794.

[990] Annals, January 1, 1794.

[991] Annals, January 1, 1794.

[992] Intimate Life, 230.

[993] Hamilton’s Works, X, 78.

[994] Gazette of the United States, February 9, 1795.

[995] Philadelphia Daily Advertiser, February 10, 1795.

[996] Madison’s Writings (to Jefferson), II, 35.

[997] Gazette of the United States, February 18, 1795.

[998] Ibid., February 20, 1795.

[999] Ibid., February 22, 1795.

[1000] A favorite actor.

[1001] New York Journal, February 28 and March 4, 1795.

[1002] McRee, Iredell, II, 442.

[1003] Intimate Life, 205-06.

[1004] King’s Works, II, 5-6.

[1005] King’s Works, II, 7.

[1006] Beard, Economic Origins, 295; Bemis, 271.

[1007] Pinckney, Life of Pinckney, 123-24.

[1008] Bemis, 224.

[1009] Ibid., 225.

[1010] Ibid., 226-27.

[1011] Ibid., 246.

[1012] Bemis, 232-51.

[1013] Ibid., 261.

[1014] Bemis, 267, quotes a French scholar, R. Guyot, as describing the Jay Treaty as ‘almost equivalent to a treaty of alliance.’

[1015] Related by Talleyrand to Volney, who told it to Jefferson, Anas, 336-37. Senator Lodge, in his biography of Hamilton, accepts this characterization as not improbable.

[1016] Jefferson’s Works, IX, 313-14.

[1017] Hamilton’s Works, X, 98-99.

[1018] Ibid., X, 101-02.

[1019] See Beard’s illuminating chapter on the economics of the treaty. Economic Origins, 268-98.

[1020] King’s Works, II, 14; Hamilton’s Works, X, 109.

[1021] Wolcott’s phrase in letter to Mrs. Wolcott, Gibbs, I, 199.

[1022] Hamilton’s Works, X, 107.

[1023] Aurora, June 16, 1795.

[1024] Ibid., June 18, 1795.

[1025] Ibid., June 20, 1795.

[1026] Ibid., June 26, 1795.

[1027] Aurora, July 3, 1795.

[1028] Argus, July 15, 1795.

[1029] Gibbs (Wolcott to Mrs. Wolcott), I, 209; Philadelphia: the Place and People, 310; Hiltzheimer, 215; New York Argus, July 8, 1795; Charleston City Gazette, August 22, 1795.

[1030] Aurora, July 7, 1795.

[1031] Gibbs, I, 217. Rowan was a patriot, tried by a packed jury, and defended by John Philpot Curran in his classic defense of the freedom of the press. He was convicted, escaped, and came to this country.

[1032] Gibbs, I, 217.

[1033] Pickering, III, 183.

[1034] Aurora, July 10, 1795.

[1035] July 6, 1795.

[1036] July 23, 1795.

[1037] Beard, Economic Origins, 290; Alexander, 79; Argus, July 6, 20, 21, 23; Aurora, July 10, 22, 23, 1795.

[1038] Gibbs (to Wolcott), I, 218.

[1039] Ames (to Dwight), I, 173-75.

[1040] Argus, August 13, 1795.

[1041] Centinel, July 15, 1795.

[1042] Pickering, III, 177.

[1043] King’s Works, II, 18-20.

[1044] Lodge, Cabot, 84.

[1045] Pellew, 282.

[1046] Federalist Party in Massachusetts, 154-55.

[1047] Ibid.

[1048] Gibbs, I, 229.

[1049] August 15, 1795.

[1050] Lodge, Cabot, 84.

[1051] Aurora, July 29, 1795.

[1052] Charleston City Gazette, August 1, 1795.

[1053] Thomas, Reminiscences, I, 35.

[1054] Independent Chronicle, August 17, 1795.