[1403] Coit, Annals, February 28, 1798.

[1404] Annals, March 2, 1798.

[1405] Ibid., March 13, 1798.

[1406] Jefferson’s Works, IX, 437-39.

[1407] April 14, 1798.

[1408] Jefferson’s Works, IX, 405-07.

[1409] Annals, March 27, 1798.

[1410] Hamilton’s Works, X, 279.

[1411] Independent Chronicle, March 26, 1798.

[1412] New York Time Piece, April 13, 1798.

[1413] Jefferson’s Works, X, 22-24.

[1414] Ibid., X, 24-26.

[1415] Madison’s Writings, II, 133.

[1416] Ibid. (to Jefferson), II, 138.

[1417] Centinel, May 30, 1798.

[1418] Independent Chronicle, November 22, 1798.

[1419] Porcupine’s Gazette, May 7, 1798.

[1420] Ibid., May 7, 1798.

[1421] Madison’s Writings (to Jefferson), II, 142.

[1422] Bache in a statement ascribed the incident to the intoxicated condition of the youths. Time Piece, May 14, 1798.

[1423] Hamilton’s Works, X, 275-79.

[1424] Independent Chronicle, May 10, 1798.

[1425] Gazette of the United States, May 10; Porcupine’s Gazette, May 10, 1798.

[1426] Aurora, April 27, 1798.

[1427] Independent Chronicle, May 21, 1798.

[1428] New York Commercial Advertiser, October 19, 1798.

[1429] Ames, I, 232-35.

[1430] Gibbs (to Wolcott), II, 49.

[1431] Ibid., II, 117-20.

[1432] Porcupine’s Gazette, June 20, 1798.

[1433] Jefferson’s Works, X, 45-53.

[1434] Beveridge, II, 346-47.

[1435] Jefferson’s Works, X, 45-53.

[1436] Beveridge, II, 348.

[1437] New York Commercial Advertiser, October 31, November 5, 1798.

[1438] ‘Titus Manlius,’ Hamilton’s Works, V, 259-301.

[1439] Jefferson’s Works, X, 22-24.

[1440] Porcupine’s Gazette, May 23, 1798.

[1441] Ibid., May 24, 1798.

[1442] Ibid., May 26, 1798.

[1443] Porcupine’s Gazette, June 7, 1798.

[1444] Ibid., June 8, 1798.

[1445] Ibid., June 12, 1798.

[1446] Lodge, Cabot (to Wolcott), 153-54.

[1447] Independent Chronicle, April 9, 1798.

[1448] Gibbs, II, 46.

[1449] Independent Chronicle, August 9, 1798.

[1450] Ibid., December 6, 1798.

[1451] Centinel, September 29, 1798.

[1452] Centinel, December 15, 1798.

[1453] Porcupine’s Gazette, April 11, 1798.

[1454] Jefferson’s Works (to Madison), X, 33-36.

[1455] Ibid., X, 47-49.

[1456] Ibid. (to Samuel Smith), X, 55.

[1457] Porcupine’s Gazette, June 1, 1798.

[1458] Gazette of the United States, August 9, 1798.

[1459] Independent Chronicle, May 21, 1798.

[1460] Time Piece, May 25, 1798.

[1461] Ibid., May 28, 1798.

[1462] Ibid., June 11, 1798.

[1463] Jefferson’s Works (to Madison), X, 16-19.

[1464] Time Piece, May 18, 1798.

[1465] May 24, 1798.

[1466] October 15, 1798.

[1467] Jefferson’s Works (to Lewis), X, 36-37.

[1468] Ibid.

[1469] Jefferson’s Works (to Madison), X, 22-24; (to John Taylor), X, 63-67.

[1470] Ibid. (to S. Smith), X, 53-59.

[1471] King’s Works (Troup to King), II, 431-32.

[1472] August 20, 1798.

[1473] New York Commercial Advertiser, November 20, 1798.

[1474] Centinel, July 18, 1798.

[1475] Ibid., July 14, 1798.

[1476] Jefferson’s Works, X, 13-14.

[1477] Ibid., 15-16.

[1478] Ibid., 53-54.

[1479] Porcupine’s Gazette, July 21, 1798, makes a sneering comment.

[1480] Porcupine’s Gazette, July 23, 1798.

[1481] Time Piece, July 30, 1798.

[1482] Time Piece, June 13, July 2, 11, 13, 1798; Aurora, November 7, 1798.

[1483] Porcupine’s Gazette, December 22, 1798.

[1484] Ibid., May 8, 1798.

[1485] King’s Works, II, 376.

[1486] Randall, Jefferson, 400, note.

[1487] Volume II, 75, 77.

[1488] Time Piece, June 1, 1798.

[1489] Jefferson’s Works (to Madison), X, 33-36; 40-43.

[1490] Porcupine’s Gazette, July 11, 1798.

[1491] Jefferson’s Works (to Madison), X, 40.

[1492] Madison’s Writings (to Jefferson), II, 142.

[1493] Hamilton’s Works, X, 293.

[1494] Porcupine’s Gazette, April 30, 1798.

[1495] Ibid., May 1, 1798.

[1496] Hamilton’s Works, X, 295.

[1497] A reference to Hopkinson’s song.

[1498] Annals, June 21, 1798.

[1499] Annals, July 10, 1798.

[1500] July 28, 1798.

[1501] July 19, 1798.

[1502] Jefferson’s Works, X, 59-61.

[1503] King’s Works (Troup to King), II, 431-32.

[1504] Davis, 46-48.

[1505] King’s Works (Troup to King), II, 431-32.

[1506] Gazette of the United States, September 1, 1798.

[1507] Gibbs, II, 55.

[1508] Gazette of the United States, September 6, 1798.

[1509] Ames (to Dwight), I, 240.

[1510] September 17, 1798.

[1511] Henry, Henry, II, 612.

[1512] Ames (to Gore), I, 246.

[1513] Commercial Advertiser, October 17, 1798.

[1514] Porcupine’s Gazette, November 30, 1798.

[1515] Lodge, Cabot, 179-81.

[1516] Lodge, Cabot, 147.

[1517] Ibid. (to Pickering), 179.

[1518] Ibid., 172.

[1519] Aurora, February 12, 1800.

[1520] Aurora, February 22, 1800.

[1521] In Porcupine’s Gazette, February 2, 1799, Strubling attempts to explain his failure to fight when resistance was offered.

[1522] Aurora, May 20, 1799.

[1523] Gazette of the United States, April 15, 1799.

[1524] April 29, 1800.

[1525] Judge Alexander Addison, Gazette of the United States, February 15, 1799; Judge Iredell, April 9, 1799.

[1526] Gazette of the United States, May 10, 1799.

[1527] New York Commercial Advertiser, December 29, 1798.

[1528] Gazette of the United States, January 2, 1799.

[1529] Commercial Advertiser, December 28, 1799.

[1530] McLaughlin, Lyon; Wharton, State Trials, 333-44.

[1531] Centinel, February 27, 1799.

[1532] Aurora, June 20, 1799.

[1533] This connection was real.

[1534] Ames, I, 247.

[1535] Independent Chronicle, June 17, 1799; Gazette of the United States, June 17, 1799; ‘Enforcement of the Alien and Sedition Laws,’ by Anderson, American Historical Association Report, 1912.

[1536] Independent Chronicle, February 18, 1799.

[1537] Ibid., October 25, 1798.

[1538] Ibid., October 29, 1798.

[1539] Ibid., November 5, 1798.

[1540] Independent Chronicle, February 25, 1799.

[1541] Ibid., April 11, 1799.

[1542] March 28, 1799, from ‘A Friend.’

[1543] Ibid., March 7, 1799.

[1544] Independent Chronicle, March 28, 1799.

[1545] Ibid., April 25, 1799.

[1546] Ibid.

[1547] Hudson, Journalism, 211-13.

[1548] Wharton, State Trials, 345-91; Hudson, Journalism, 213-14.

[1549] Aurora, October 22, 1799.

[1550] It was true, of course.

[1551] Wharton, State Trials, 658-81.

[1552] Aurora, April 25, 1800.

[1553] Adams’s answer in the case of Lyon.

[1554] Aurora, May 17, 1800.

[1555] Scharf, I, 505.

[1556] Robbins was turned over to the British, who claimed him as a national, and was executed for murder on the seas. Even Gallatin thought this an outrage until Marshall made his memorable speech in Congress in defense of the President’s action.

[1557] Wharton, State Trials.

[1558] Hammond, I, 123-24.

[1559] Ibid., 131-32; Alexander, 89.

[1560] Carey’s Diary; Aurora, January 17, 1800.

[1561] Commercial Advertiser, April 23, 1800.

[1562] Aurora, April 9, 1800.

[1563] Independent Chronicle, August 9, 1798.

[1564] Ibid., November 1, 1798.

[1565] Ibid., November 26, 1798.

[1566] ‘Enforcement of the Alien and Sedition Laws,’ by Anderson, American Historical Association Report, 1912.

[1567] Steiner, 436.

[1568] Thomas, Reminiscences.

[1569] The Nation, July 18, 1912; Moreau’s Journal.

[1570] Gazette of the United States, July 10, 1799.

[1571] Aurora, November 4, 1799.

[1572] Independent Chronicle, September 27, 1798.