PART I.
FLEETS.

ARGENTINE.

ARGENTINE CONFEDERATION IRON-CLADS.

Type and Name. A B C D E F G H Battery.
Single-turreted
  Monitors.		   Ft.     Ft.     Ft.     Tons.       Knots     In.     Ft.    
El Plata 165 44 10½ 1,800  750  12 5½ 12 II 9-inch Armstrong
El Andes 165 44 10½ 1,800 750 12 5½ 12 II 9-inch”

GENERAL-SERVICE FLEET.

Type and Name.   Displacement.    Guns.
  Tons.  
Iron Corvettes.
Parana 800 4
Uruguay 800 2
Iron Screw Gun-boats.
Constitucion 750 1
Republica 750 1
Bermejo 750 1
Pilcomayo 750 1
Gun-boats.
Almirante Brown   1,000   6
Vigilante 400 1
Resguando 400 1
Coronel Paz 700 3
Pavon 600 2
Gualeguaz 300 1
Paddle Gun-boats.
Luisita 120 1
Choelechoel 120 1
Gonzalo 150 1
Rio Negro 220 1
Torpedo vessels. Thorneycroft.

EL PLATA.EL ANDES.

High-sided ram monitors. Armored belt, casemate, and single turrets. Ram bow and round stern. Twin screws and half sail-power. (See Buffel, Dutch.)

PARANA. URUGUAY.

Iron, second-class corvettes, sheathed with wood, carrying two 6½-inch pivots amidships, two 20-pdrs. in broadside, and a light forecastle gun. Covered poop and forecastle. Bridge just forward of the main mast. Single screw, full sail-power.

CONSTITUCION. REPUBLICA. BERMEJO. PILCOMAYO.

Iron, double-screw, second-class gun-boats, carrying one 12-inch gun firing through a bow-port. (See Alpha, Chinese.)

AUSTRIA.

ARMORED FLEET.

Type and Name. A B C D E F
    Ft.     Ft.     Ft. in.    Tons.       In.  
Redoubt Frigates.
Tegetthoff 287 71 26  7 7,300 Iron 14½
Custoza 302 58 25 10 7,060 ” 9
Erzherzog Albrecht 276 54 23  3 5,940 ” 8
Casemate Frigates.
Lissa 275 55 28  2 6,080  Wood   6¼
Kaiser 264 59 25  8 5,810 ”  6¼
Don Juan 222 44 22  6 3,550 Iron 8
Kaiser Max 222 44 22  6 3,550 ” 8
Prinz Eugen 222 44 22  6 3,550 ” 8
Broadside Frigates.
Ferdinand Max 253 51 24 10 5,140 Wood 5
Hapsburg 253 51 24 10 5,140 ” 5
Salamander 197 44 21  3 3,110 ”  4¾
Monitors.
Maros 160 27 3  6 310 Iron 2
Leitha 160 27 3  6 310 ” 2
   
Spalato Experimental single-turreted citadel ship
Type and Name. G H I J Battery.
    In.       Knots     Year    
Redoubt Frigates.
Tegetthoff 10  7,200  14 1878 VI 11-inch Krupp.
Custoza  7 4,650 14 1872 VIII 10-inch  ”
Erzherzog Albrecht    8 4,000  13½ 1872 VIII  9-inch   ”
Casemate Frigates.
Lissa 28 3,700  13½ 1869  XII  9-inch   ”
Kaiser 29 3,130  12½ 1871  X  9-inch Armstrong.
Don Juan  8 2,900 13 1875 VIII  8¼-inch Krupp.
Kaiser Max  8 2,866   13¼ 1875 VIII  8¼-inch ”
Prinz Eugen  8 2,900 13 1876 VIII  8¼-inch ”
Broadside Frigates.
Ferdinand Max 26 2,912 12½ 1865 XIV  7-inch Armstrong.
Hapsburg 26 3,090 12½ 1865 XIV  7-inch   ”
Salamander   23½ 2,060 11½ 1861     X  7-inch   ”
Monitors.
Maros 8 320 8½ 1871 II  5¾-inch Wahrendorf.
Leitha 8 320 8½ 1871 II  5¾-inch  ”
Spalato   II   17-inch Armstrong.

TEGETTHOFF.

Partial armored belt and long redoubt. Ram bow, straight overhanging stern. The armored belt encircles the water-line aft and as far forward as the commencement of the bow-frames, where it ends in an armored bulkhead, the lower edge being carried forward in a heavy steel deck, the thickness of the belt being carried out to the bow with cork filling. The belt rises to the height of the main-deck beams. The redoubt has an overhang of five feet, being cut back in the wake of the centre-ports as a protection to the muzzles of the guns. The corners are cut and hollowed for angular ports, giving bow and beam fire. The sides are given a rank tumble home forward and abaft the redoubt, to open the fore-and-aft fire. An armored pilot-house rises well above the spar-deck rail at the forward end of the redoubt. A heavily armored athwartship bulkhead crosses the redoubt just abaft the forward guns as a protection from raking fire. Three-quarter sail-power, barkentine rig, single screw.

TEGETTHOFF.

CUSTOZA.ERZHERZOG ALBRECHT.

Armored belt and double-decked casemate; ram bow, round overhanging stern, single screw, full sail-power. The armored belt encircles the water-line to the height of the main-deck beams, the casemate rising sheer to the top of the spar-deck rail. Forward, the side is carried back from the main-deck up, parallel to the keel, to open bow-fire from the forward guns. Aft, the side is recessed for the upper deck alone. Stern-fire is secured from a single unprotected heavy spar-deck rifle working in three ports for stern and beam fire. The Albrecht has 1200 tons less displacement than the Custoza, with a lighter battery and a speed one half knot less. The casemate guns each work in two ports for fore-and-aft and beam fire.

CUSTOZA.

LISSA. KAISER.

Armored belt, casemate, and spar-deck redoubt. Ram bow, round overhanging stern, single screw, full sail-power. The belt encircles the ship to the height of the main-deck beams. There is no fore-and-aft fire from the casemate, that being secured by an upper-deck redoubt mounted on the forward end of the casemate and having an overhang of about five feet. (See Sultan’s spar-deck redoubt.) Mixed construction, the armored part of the hull being of wood and the unarmored upper works of iron.

DON JUAN. KAISER MAX. PRINZ EUGEN.

Armored belt and casemate, ram bow, round overhanging stern, single screw, full sail-power. The belt encircles the water-line to the height of the main-deck beams, coming down forward in a curve over the point of the ram. The casemate rises to the spar-deck beams. The side forward on the main-deck is recessed to open forward fire from the casemate. No after-fire from the casemate, that being secured by unprotected light stern-guns. These ships are rebuilt from broadside iron-clads.

DON JUAN.

FERDINAND MAX. HAPSBURG. SALAMANDER.

Broadside frigates; ram bow, round stern, single screw, full sail-power. The armor is complete from below the water-line to the spar-deck beams, coming down forward in steps, below the point of the ram, to give a heavy support and a strong junction between the wooden hull and the armor. Armored pilot-house just abaft the main-mast. There is a light armored traverse forward, forming the forward part of the spar-deck rail and protecting a bow-gun working in two large bow-ports for fore-and-aft and beam fire. The Ferdinand Max is the frigate that sank the Re d’Italia by ramming at the battle of Lissa.

FERDINAND MAX.

MAROS. LEITHA.

Single-turreted, light-draft river monitors. The freeboard is 38 inches amidships and 20 inches forward and abaft, the deck being curved fore and aft. The turret is revolved by hand, having on top of it an armored pilot-house. The weakness in the hull armor is made up by sinking the ship when going into action until only the amidship part is out of water. The bow and stern ends are completely unarmored.

SPALATO (LATE DRACHE).

Originally a sister-ship to the Salamander; now being rebuilt as a citadel ship on the general plan of the Inflexible, but to carry one turret armed with two 17-inch rifles.

AUSTRIAN GENERAL-SERVICE FLEET.

Type and Name.   Displacement.    Guns.
  Tons.  
Frigates.
Radetzky 3,380 15
Laudon 3,380 15
Corvettes.
Donau 2,400 11
Saida 2,400 11
Dandolo 1,690 14
Erzherzog Friedrich 1,540 14
Fasana 1,940 4
Helgoland 1,790 5
Zrinyi 1,320 4
Frundsberg 1,320 4
Aurora 1,320 4
Gun-boat.
Dalmat 886 4
Screw Gun-boats.
Hun 886 4
Zara 815 2
Exp. Gun-boat 640 2
Nautilus 560 2
Albatros 560 2
Kerka 530 2
Narenta 530 2
Sansego 344 2
Möve 364 2
Paddle Gun-boats.
Miramar 1,800  2
Elisabeth 1,540  5
Garguano 1,855  2
Triest  885 2
Andreas Hofer  816 3
Taurus  560 3
Triton  177 2
Yachts.
Greif 1,330  2
Fantasie  325  
Transports.
Pola  895 2
Cyclop 2,115  2
Tenders.
Grille  354 2
Gemse  354 2
Alnoch  177  
Thurn Taxis  118  
Gorzkowski  40  

School-ships. Guard-ships. Hulks. Store-ships. Thorneycroft torpedo-boats rigged for Whitehead torpedoes.

BRAZIL.

ARMORED FLEET.

Type and Name.  Thickness of Armor.  A B Mean
 Draft. 		 C
Light. Heavy.
  Inches Inches   Ft.   Tons. Ft. In.  
Turret Ships.
Sete de Setembro         15  4   Iron  
Solimoës 6 12   10  3,660  11  6 ”
Javari 6 12   10 3,660 11  6 ”
Lima Barros 3 4.5  8 1,330 13  5 ”
Silvado 3 4.5  9 1,130 10  6 ”
Bahia   2.75 4.5 11   964  8  6 ”
Casemate Ships.
Tamandaré 2.5  4  25   964  7  9 Wood
Barrozo 2.5  4.5 25   964  8  5 ”
Cabral 2.75 4.5  8 1,016 11  5 Iron
Colombo 2.75 4.5  8 1,016 12  1 ”
Herval 2.75 4.5 8.5   787  9  6 ”
Mariz é Barros 2.75 4.5 8.5   787  9  6 ”
Brazil 2.75 4.5 8.5 1,493 12  5 ”
River Monitors.
Alagoas 2 4.5 14.5 334 4 11 Wood
Pará 2 4.5 14.5 334 4 11 ”
Rio Grande 2 4.5 14.5 334 4 11 ”
Santa Catarina 2 4.5 14.5 334 4 11 ”
Ceara 2 4.5 14.5 334 4 11 ”
Pianhy 2 4.5 14.5 334 4 11 ”
Type and Name. Horse-
power.		 D E Battery
     Knots.   Year.   
Turret Ships.
  Sete de Setembro Nominal
300		   1876 IV 9¼-inch Whitworth.
  Solimoës  Indicated 
2,200		 11 1875 IV 10¼-inch  ”
Javari Indicated
1,685		 11 1875 IV 10-¼-inch  ”
Lima Barros Nominal
300		 12 1866 IV  7-inch    ”
Silvado 200 11 1866 IV  5.8-inch   ”
Bahia 140 10.5 1865  II  7-inch    ”
Casemate Ships.
 Tamandaré  80 8.5 1865 III 68-pdr. smooth-bore.
I  5.8-inch ”
 Barrozo 130 9 1864 III 4.7-inch  ”
 II  7-inch ”
 II 68-pdr. ”
 Cabral 240 10.5 1864 II  5.8-inch Whitworth.
IV 68-pdr. smooth-bore.
Colombo 240 10.5 1864 VIII 68-pdr.”
Herval 200 9 1865 IV  7-inch Whitworth.
 Mariz é Barros 200 9 1865 II  7-inch”
II 68-pdr. smooth-bore.
 Brazil 250 11.5 1865 IV  7-inch Whitworth.
IV 68-pdr. smooth-bore.
River Monitors.
Alagoas  30 7.5 1864 I 5.8-inch Whitworth.
Pará  30 7.5 1864 I 5.8-inch ”
Rio Grande  30 7.5 1864 I 5.8-inch ”
Santa Catarina  30 7.5 1864 I 7-inch”
Ceara  30 7.5 1864 I 7-inch”
Pianhy  30 7.5 1864 I 7-inch”

SOLIMÖES. JAVARI.

SOLIMÖES.

Double-turreted, low-freeboard monitors of the American type. No overhang. Twin screws. Guns loaded by hydraulic apparatus outside the turrets. No port stoppers or shutters. Magazines and shell-rooms under the turrets. Pilot-house just abaft the forward turret. Flying deck communicating with the lower deck by a musket-proof passage, and armed with two 9-pdr. Whitworth rifles and two Gatling guns for defence against torpedo-boats. Armor of decreasing thickness at bow and stern. Boats stow on the flying deck without davits, being hoisted in and out by a derrick and the signal-mast. Water-closets and bath-rooms on the flying deck.

LIMA BARROS. SILVADO. BAHIA.

Double-turreted, high freeboard vessels with a drop rail; three-quarter sail-power. (See Prinz Hendrik, Dutch.) The Silvado is unseaworthy.

BRAZIL.

BRAZIL.

Armored belt and casemate; ram bow, round stern. The belt encircles the water-line to the height of the upper deck. The casemate springs up sheer from the upper deck with ports in all four faces for all-around fire. There is no direct communication between the forward and after parts of the vessel except through the casemate ports. Single screw, full sail-power.

CABRAL. COLOMBO.

Similar to the Brazil, but smaller. In these vessels the casemate is divided into two sections by the engine, which projects into it.

TAMANDARE. BARROSO.

Similar to the Brazil, but smaller and having no fore-and-aft fire at all.

THE SIX RIVER MONITORS.

Single-turreted, light-draft river monitors, the turrets being square and mounted on turn-tables.

BRAZILIAN WOODEN FLEET.
(Steam.)

Type and Name.    Guns.
   
Screw Frigate.
Amazonas 14 
Corvettes.
Nictheroy 14 
Trajano 3
Vital do Oliveira 6
Magé 8
Belmonte 3
Paddle Corvette.
Paraense 4
Screw Gun-boats.
Araguary 3
Pedro Affonso 1
Forte de Coimbra 1
Ypiranga 2
Paddle-wheel Gun-boats.
Henrique Diaz 1
Vidal de Negreiros   1
Greenhalgh 2
Taquary 4
Henrique Martins 2
Felippe Camarão 1
Tenders.
Bonifacio 2
Braconnot 1
Apa 1
Moema 2
Lamego 1
Antonio João 2
Corumba 2
Paddle-wheel Transports.
Madeira  
Punes  
Leopoldina  
Werneck

CHILI.

ARMORED FLEET.

Type and Name. A B C D E F
    Ft.     Ft.     Ft.     Tons.       Inches.  
Armored Frigates.
Almirante Cochrane   179 46 20 3,430  Iron  9
Blanco Encalada 179 46 20 3,430 ” 9
Turret Ship.
Huascar 196 35 15½ 1,800 ” 5½
Type and Name. G H I J Battery.
    Ft.       Knots     Year    
Armored Frigates.
  Almirante Cochrane   9¼  3,000  13 1874 VI 9-inch,.
II 20-pdr. Armstrong
  Blanco Encalada 9¼ 3,000 13 1875 VI 9-inch,
II 20-pdr.”
Turret Ship.
  Huascar 4½ 1,500 11 1864 II 9-inch,
III 4½-inch  ”

CHILIAN GENERAL-SERVICE FLEET.

Type and Name.   Displacement.    Guns.
  Tons.  
Corvettes.
O’Higgins 1,083  7
Chacabuco 1,083  7
Magellanes 760 4
Paddle Gun-boats.
Abtao 1,034  5
Valdivia 726 3
Ancud 490 1
Independencia 348 2
Tolten 286 2
Tender.
Covadonga 395 2

ALMIRANTE COCHRANE.   BLANCO ENCALADA.

Armored belt and redoubt, ram bow, round stern, twin screws, three-quarter sail-power. The armored belt encloses the water-line to the height of the main-deck beams. The redoubt is crenelated, the after-part having an overhang of about five feet, thus giving clear forward fire to the first two pairs of guns. The ship’s side forward and abaft the redoubt is given a rank tumble home to open the fire. Clear, flush upper deck.

ALMIRANTE COCHRANE.

HUASCAR.

HUASCAR.

Sea-going turret vessel. Swan-breasted ram bow, pointed stern, single screw, three-quarter sail-power. Armored belt encircling the water-line to the height of the upper-deck beams. Tripod fore-mast with the single turret just abaft it. No direct bow-fire on account of a topgallant forecastle, and no direct stern-fire from the turret owing to a poop-cabin. Light, unprotected poop-guns secure fire in this direction. Drop-rail in wake of the turret. Armored pilot-house just abaft turret. (Captured in 1879 from the Peruvians.)

CHINA.

Type and Name. A B C D E F Battery.
 2 Frigates.
13 Light River Gun-boats.  
    Ft.     Ft.     Ft.     Tons.       Knots    
River Gun-boats.              
Alpha 118 27 9 325 300 9 I 11-inch Armstrong.
Beta 118 27 9 325 300 9 I 11-inch”
Gamma 120 30 9 400 340 9 I 12½-inch  ”
Delta 120 30 9 400 340 9 I 12½-inch  ”
Chin Pei 125 29 10½ 440 389 10 I 12-inch”
Chin Shan 125 29 10½ 440 389 10 I 12-inch Vavasseur.
Fu Shing 125 29 10½ 440 389 10 I 12-inch”
Lung Lang 125 29 10½ 440   389   10 I 12-inch”

Torpedo-boats. Transports. Junks. Hulks. Guard- and School-Ships.

RIVER GUN-BOATS.

Iron, twin-screw gun-boats, carrying one heavy gun firing through a musket-proof bow-port. Hydraulic loading apparatus underneath the covered forecastle. Magazine and shell-rooms under the gun, with side-hatches and railways for transporting the ammunition to the muzzle. Bridge across the after-part of the high musket-proof rail, with steering-wheel just abaft it and so low as only to permit the helmsman’s head to come above the rail. After-rail low, with a musket-proof booby-hatch over the engine-room.