111 Bancroft, p. 436. 

112 Bancroft, p. 433; Meline, p. 120. 

113 Bancroft, p. 510. 

114 Ibid., p. 500. 

115 Schoolcraft, I pp. 232, 235. 

116 Gregg, II p. 243. 

117 Cessac, pp. 115, 116. 

118 Ten Kate, Noord-Amerika, pp. 383, 384. 

119 Reports of Expl., Vol. III Part I pp. 22, 31. 

120 Möllhausen, p. 137. 

121 Bancroft, p. 498. 

122 Schoolcraft, V p. 210. 

123 Bourke, pp. 128, 129; Fremont and Emory, p. 150. 

124 Bent, as quoted by Bancroft, p. 510. 

125 Stratton, as quoted by Bancroft, p. 511. 

126 Bancroft, p. 543; see also Meline’s above-quoted statement about the Pueblos. 

127 Parker Winship, p. 548. 

128 Ten Kate. Noord-Amerika; see also Möllhausen, and Reports of Expl., Vol. III. 

129 Bancroft, p. 562. 

130 The names printed in italics contain the clear, the other the more doubtful cases (vide p. 46). 

131 Boudin, pp. 826, 827. Gregg (II p. 195) also states that Negro slaves were to be found among these tribes. 

132 Bartram, p. 38; Schoolcraft, I p. 277. 

133 Roosevelt, I p. 59; Gregg, l.c. 

134 Maccauley, p. 526. 

135 Gregg, II p. 196. 

136 Bancroft, p. 581. 

137 Bancroft, p. 629. 

138 So for instance among the Tlinkits; see Niblack, p. 252. 

139 Bancroft, pp. 656, 663. 

140 Bancroft, pp. 729, 723; Wickham. 

141 Bancroft, pp. 771, 764; Gabb; Pokalowsky, p. 50. 

142 Pinart, see pp. 33, 48. 

143 Rochefort, pp. 430, 478, 512, 480, 489, 477; de la Borde. 

144 Gumilla, II p. 255. 

145 Ling Roth, Hispaniola; see especially p. 272. 

146 Im Thurn; Brett; R. Schomburgk; R. H. Schomburgk; Joest, Guyana; Bonaparte; Goudreau; Vidal; van Coll. 

147 Martius, p. 693. 

148 Gumilla, II p. 254. 

149 Sievers, Sierra Nevada; Reclus; Simons. 

150 De Brettes, pp. 94, 96, 78—80. 

151 Sievers, Des Grafen Josef de Brettes Reisen, pp. 381, 382. 

152 De Lery, pp. 225—242; see especially pp. 225, 236. Stade gives a similar account of the treatment of prisoners, quoted by Andree, pp. 85—88. 

153 D’Evreux, pp. 21, 46, 52—54. 

154 Martius, pp. 71, 74. 

155 Ibid., pp. 206, 207. 

156 Ibid., p. 71. 

157 Ibid., p. 73. 

158 Keane; von Tschudi; Ehrenreich, Botocudos; Zu Wied, Brasilien, II p. 45. Martius (p. 326) apparently relies entirely on Zu Wied. 

159 Azara, II p. 146. 

160 Boggiani, p. 80. 

161 Southey III, pp. 391, 392; Martius, pp. 232, 233, 71. 

162 Colini, in Boggiani, p. 297. 

163 Thouar, pp. 51, 60 sqq. 

164 See Steinmetz, Strafe, I p. 174 note 1. 

165 Azara II, pp. 96, 108–110, 119. 

166 Colini, in Boggiani, p. 316. 

167 Boggiani, pp. 305, 310. 

168 Boggiani, p. 100. 

169 Pohl, p. 163. 

170 Von den Steinen, Unter den Naturvölkern; von den Steinen, Durch Central-Brasilien; Hensel. 

171 Von den Steinen, Durch Central-Brasilien, p. 211. 

172 Ibid., p. 265. 

173 Ehrenreich, Beiträge, pp. 28, 29. 

174 Simson, p. 505. 

175 Ordinaire, pp. 287, 270—273. 

176 Ibid., pp. 308, 309. 

177 Skinner, II pp. 113, 114. 

178 Smyth and Lowe, p. 226. 

179 Azara, II p. 96. 

180 D’Orbigny, I pp. 360, 372. 

181 Ibid., II p. 166. 

182 Ibid., II p. 211. 

183 L. c. 

184 Muratori, pp. 29, 128, 129. 

185 Dobrizhoffer, II pp. 148—152. 

186 Azara, II pp. 145, 132. 

187 Ibid., pp. 159, 157. 

188 D’Orbigny, II p. 89. 

189 Azara, II pp. 15, 19, 20. 

190 Heusser and Claraz. 

191 Azara travelled in South America for 20 years, D’Orbigny for only 7. The former was commissary and commander of the Spanish frontiers in Paraguay; the latter made a journey for scientific purposes, mainly zoölogical. 

192 Azara, II p. 32. 

193 Musters, p. 217; Falkner, pp. 122, 123, 126; Letourneau, p. 123. 

194 Azara, II p. 38. 

195 D’Orbigny, I p. 401. 

196 Molina, p. 74. 

197 Von Bibra; Ochsenius; Smith; Musters. 

198 Hyades et Déniker, p. 242. 

199 Parker Snow; Darwin, Voyage; Vincent; O’Sullivan. 

200 The literature used is the same as that quoted on p. 22, Chapter I, and besides: Howitt, South-East Australia; Stokes; Mitchell; Hale; Grey; Taplin, as quoted by Woods. 

201 Curr; Brough Smyth. Gerland’s survey of Australian social life is much better. 

202 E.g. Grosse and Letourneau. 

203 Comp. Steinmetz’s treatment of the problem of Australian chieftainship, Strafe, II pp. 20–42. See also Spencer and Gillen’s statement that “whilst undoubtedly there is a certain amount in common as regards social organisation and customs amongst the Australian tribes, yet, on the other hand, there is great diversity” (Native tribes, p. 34). 

204 Curr; Brough Smyth; Gerland. 

205 Brough Smyth, I p. 127. 

206 Waitz-Gerland, VI p. 764. 

207 Letourneau (pp. 26, 35) arrives at the same conclusion. 

208 De Rochas, p. 252. 

209 Lambert, pp. 79, 177. 

210 Brainne, p. 239; de Vaux; Legrand. 

211 Glaumont, p. 74. 

212 Elton, p. 98. 

213 Guppy, p. 33. 

214 Verguet, p. 205. 

215 Codrington, The Melanesians, p. 46. 

216 Guppy, pp. 35, 36. 

217 Somerville, New Georgia, pp. 402, 400. 

218 Ribbe, pp. 248, 276. 

219 Woodford, pp. 154, 155. 

220 Parkinson, N. W. Salomo-Inseln, pp. 2 note, 8, 9, 10. 

221 Ribbe, pp. 100, 138, 139, 110. 

222 Guppy. p. 34. 

223 Sorge, in Steinmetz’s Rechtsverhältnisse, p. 414.