224 Wilkes, III, pp. 81, 108. 

225 Williams, pp. 32, 53. 

226 Seemann, pp. 196, 179, 180. 

227 Waterhouse. 

228 Erskine, pp. 456, 457, 420, 438, 458. 

229 Meinicke, Die Inseln des stillen Oceans, I p. 202. 

230 Hagen and Pineau; Inglis; Somerville, New Hebrides. 

231 Danks; Pfeil, p. 78. 

232 Hahl, p. 77; Parkinson, Dreissig Jahre, pp. 159, 172, 173. 

233 Parkinson, Dreissig Jahre, p. 264; Romilly, Western Pacific. 

234 Parkinson, Dreissig Jahre, pp. 380, 396–398, 443. 

235 Meinicke, Die Torresstrasse, p. 116; Haddon, p. 355. See also Hunt’s Ethnogr. notes on the Murray Islands, Torres Straits, in which no mention is made of slaves. 

236 Bink, p. 325; Krieger, p. 413; Koning. 

237 Robidé, p. 109. 

238 Ibid., p. 262. 

239 Moolenburgh, p. 180. 

240 Robidé, p. 235. 

241 Van der Roest, p. 157. 

242 Goudswaard, pp. 27, 51; see also Ottow and Geissler, pp. 115, 118. 

243 Van Hasselt in Z. E. VIII, pp. 191 sqq.; Van Hasselt in Tijds. XXXI, pp. 583, 584, XXXII, pp 270, 272; De Clercq, Nieuw-Guinea, p. 619. 

244 Rosenberg, Mal. Arch., pp. 454, 456; Robidé, pp. 64, 65, 76, 94, 228; see also Nieuw-Guinea, p. 149. 

245 Rosenberg, Mal. Arch., p. 532; Rosenberg, Nieuw-Guinea, p. 90. 

246 Robidé, p. 242. 

247 Bruijn, pp. 103, 104; Robidé, p. 59. 

248 De Clercq, Nieuw-Guinea, p. 459; Strauch, p. 30. 

249 Robidé, pp. 300, 305, 306. 

250 Nieuw-Guinea, pp. 116, 128. 

251 Ibid., pp. 158, 163. 

252 Thomson, British New Guinea, pp. 52, 63, 157,158. 

253 Turner, Motu; d’Albertis; Beardmore; Romilly, Verandah; Chalmers, see especially p. 326; Guise. 

254 Maclay; Finsch, Samoafahrten, p. 80. 

255 Vetter, p. 91. 

256 Kohler, Das Recht der Papuas, p. 389 (on the authority of Bamler). 

257 Hagen, Unter den Papuas, p. 220; see also Vallentin, p. 634. 

258 See Kunze’s minute description, in which slavery is not mentioned. 

259 Thomson, New Zealand, pp. 149, etc.; Polack, I pp. 35, 36, etc., II pp. 52–59, etc.; Tregear, p. 113; Waitz-Gerland, VI p. 206; Meinicke, Die Inseln des stillen Oceans, I p. 326; Letourneau, pp. 173–182; Weisz, pp. 22, 24, 28, 30; Taylor, pp. 165, 167, 185, 189, 191, etc.; Brown, New Zealand, pp. 29, 30; Yate, pp. 120, 121. 

260 Meinicke, l.c. II. p. 185. 

261 Waitz-Gerland, VI p. 170. 

262 Ibid., pp. 170–185. 

263 Ibid., p. 185. 

264 Mariner, II pp. 153, 349, 350. 

265 Ibid., p. 237. 

266 West, pp. 260, 262. 

267 Waitz-Gerland, VI p. 170. 

268 Meinicke, l.c. II p. 122. 

269 Wilkes, II p. 159. 

270 Turner, Samoa, p. 192. 

271 Krämer, Die Samoa-Inseln, II p. 341. 

272 Gerland; Meinicke; Turner; Von Bülow. 

273 Gardiner, p. 429. 

274 Meinicke, l.c., II p. 148; Waitz-Gerland, VI p. 199. 

275 Ellis, Pol. Res., III p. 95. 

276 J. Wilson, III pp. 127–129. 

277 Moerenhout, II pp. 8, 47. 

278 Ellis, Pol. Res., IV pp. 161, 160, 413. 

279 Wilkes, IV p. 35. 

280 Chamisso, in Kotzebue, p. 149. 

281 Remy, pp. LXI–LXVI, XL. 

282 Meinicke, l.c., pp. 303, 304. 

283 Marcuse, p. 116. On p. 114, however, he states that they spared the lives of their captives only when they intended them to be sacrificed later on to their gods. 

284 Hale, p. 36. 

285 Radiguet, p. 156. 

286 Meinicke, l.c., II p. 254. 

287 Andree, p. 64. 

288 Moerenhout, II p. 31. 

289 Waitz-Gerland, VI p. 216. 

290 Letourneau, p. 183. 

291 Waitz-Gerland, V, 2 p. 194. 

292 Wilkes, I p. 357. 

293 Moerenhout, II p. 191. 

294 Geiseler, pp. 30, 31, 41. 

295 Parkinson, Dreissig Jahre, p. 528. 

296 Meinicke, Die Gilbert- und Marshall-Inseln, p. 409; Waitz-Gerland, V, 2 p. 122. 

297 Hernsheim, p. 80. 

298 Kubary, Die Ebongruppe, pp. 36, 37. 

299 Hager, p. 96. 

300 Senfft, in Steinmetz’s Rechtsverhältnisse, pp. 431, 442, 439, 441, 443. 

301 Krämer, Hawaii etc., p. 430. 

302 Kohler, Das Recht der Marschallinsulaner, Z. V. R. XIV pp. 427, 428, 431. 

303 Krämer, Hawaii etc., pp. 450, 451. 

304 Jung, pp. 67–70. 

305 Christian, p. 144. 

306 Waitz-Gerland V, 2 p. 118. 

307 Ibid., pp. 120, 121. 

308 Kubary, Mortlock-Inseln, p. 246. 

309 Kubary, quoted by Schmeltz and Krause, p. 373. 

310 Gräffe, p. 94. 

311 Krämer, Studienreise, p. 179. 

312 Volkens, Ueber die Karolinen-Insel Yap

313 Waitz-Gerland, V, 2 pp. 112–114. 

314 Kubary, Soc. Einr. der Pelauer, p. 72. 

315 Kubary, Die Palau Inseln, p. 232. 

316 Semper, Die Pelau-Inseln, pp. 36, 79. 

317 This is also proved (if any further proof were needed) by Kubary’s detailed description of fishing and agriculture: the former is carried on by the men, the latter by the women; nowhere is any mention made of slaves. Kubary, Industrie der Pelau-Insulaner, pp. 123 sqq., 156 sqq. 

318 Wilkes, pp. 88, 95. 

319 Meinicke, Die Inseln des stillen Oceans, II p. 340. 

320 Waitz-Gerland, V, 2 p. 124. 

321 Parkinson, Gilbertinsulaner, pp. 98, 99, 39. 

322 Parkinson, Gilbertinsulaner, p. 43. 

323 Krämer, Hawaii, etc., p. 333. 

324 Schurtz, Katechismus, p. 230; Waitz-Gerland, V, 2 p. 124. 

325 De Morgan, Exploration, divisions: Linguistique (see especially p. 17), and: Ethnographie; Skeat and Blagden, I p. 515; Vaughan Stevens; Montano; Borie; Favre; Newbold; Hervey. 

326 Brenner, pp. 341, 342; Junghuhn, II pp. 150–152. 

327 Neumann T. A. G. 2nd series, part IV, pp. 26–41. 

328 Heijting, pp. 246–249; “Résumé’s”, pp. 55, 56; Willer, pp. 43–47; see also Meerwaldt, p. 541. 

329 Willer, l.c. 

330 Westenberg, Verslag, p. 76; Westenberg, Nota, pp. 113, 114. 

331 Van Dijk, Si Baloengoen, p. 158; Westenberg, Nota, p. 107; Mededeelingen, etc., pp. 580, 585. 

332 Meerwaldt, p. 541.