333 Kroesen, Bataklanden, pp. 259, 260. 

334 Ypes, pp. 496–499, 542–545. 

335 Mededeelingen etc., pp. 567, 573, 575. 

336 Meerwaldt, p. 541. 

337 Meerwaldt, l.c.; Van Dijk, Nota, pp. 483, 491; see also Müller, Batak-Sammlung, p. 14. 

338 Van Ophuijsen; Van Dijk, Loeboe. 

339 See Mohnicke; Boers; Forbes, Kubus, and especially Dr. Hagen, who makes use of an extensive literature. 

340 De Groot. 

341 Modigliani, Nias, pp. 520–536; Rosenberg, Mal. Arch., pp. 157–163. 

342 Rosenberg, Mal. Arch.; Rosenberg, Mentawei-eilanden; Mess; Maass; Severijn, Poggi-eilanden

343 Rosenberg, Mal. Arch., p. 193. 

344 Kroesen, Anambas, p. 244. 

345 Modigliani, Engano; Oudemans; Severijn, Engano; Rosenberg, Engano; “Verslag eener reis”. 

346 Walland, p. 301; Rosenberg, Mal. Arch., p. 216. 

347 Low, pp. 301, 302. 

348 Schwaner, I pp. 167, 168. 

349 Low, pp. 200, 201; Spencer St. John, I p. 83; Brooke Low, in Ling Roth, Sarawak, II p. 210. 

350 Brooke Low, l.c., pp. 210–213. 

351 Perelaer, pp. 152–160. 

352 Schwaner, I pp. 80, 195; Grabowsky, p. 199. 

353 Grabowsky, l.c. 

354 Treacher, in Ling Roth, l.c., pp. 213, 214. 

355 Nieuwenhuis, Quer durch Borneo, I pp. 58, 59, 65–67. 

356 Nieuwenhuis, l.c. II pp. 95, 96. 

357 Denison, as quoted by Ling Roth, l.c. 

358 Van Prehn, pp. 29–32. 

359 Engelhard, p. 468. 

360 Beschrijving van het landschap Pasir, pp. 541, 542. 

361 Denison, in Ling Roth, p. 210. 

362 Von Dewall, pp. 23, 24. 

363 Ibid., p. 80. 

364 Tromp, Rambai, p. 111. 

365 Graafland, Minahassa, I pp. 285, 286; Riedel, Minahasse, p. 502. 

366 Wilken and Schwartz, pp. 382–384. 

367 Riedel, Holontalo, pp. 65–67. 

368 Riedel, Boeool, pp. 197, 204. 

369 Kruijt, N. Z. G. XXXIX pp. 121–123, 126–128; XL pp. 141, 142; Adriani, pp. 240, 241. See also the description given by Riedel, who calls them Topantunuazu; Riedel, Topantunuazu, pp. 82–84, 90. 

370 Kruijt, Toboengkoe en Tomori, pp. 233, sqq. 

371 Bakkers, Sandjai, p. 287. 

372 van Hasselt, Bangkala, p. 367. 

373 Het landschap Donggala, pp. 520, 521. 

374 Donselaar, Saleijer, pp. 296–299. 

375 Ligtvoet, p. 570. 

376 de Roo, pp. 582–585; see also Bieger, p. 153. 

377 Von Martens, p. 117 (on the whole island); Ten Kate Timorgroep, p. 212 (on Sika); and especially Roos, pp. 488–491 (on Endeh). 

378 Ten Kate, Timorgroep, p. 242. 

379 Bakkers, Bonerate, pp. 248–250; Vink, pp. 340, 341. 

380 De Castro, pp. 484, 485; Forbes, Timor, p. 417. Zondervan mostly relies on De Castro. 

381 Ten Kate, l.c., p. 343. 

382 Donselaar, Savoe, pp. 295, 296. 

383 Graafland, Rote, pp. 364, 365. 

384 Riedel, Rassen, pp. 434 sqq. 

385 Ibid., p. 406. 

386 Ibid., p. 384; Van Hoëvell, Leti, p. 212. 

387 Riedel, Rassen, p. 463. 

388 Ibid., p. 320. 

389 Ibid., p. 346. 

390 Ibid., p. 293; Van Hoëvell, Tanimbar, p. 174; Forbes, Timorlaut, pp. 15, 18. 

391 Riedel, l.c., p. 251; Rosenberg, Mal. Arch., pp. 338, 344. 

392 Riedel, l.c., pp. 226, 228, 231; Van Hoëvell, Kei-eilanden, p. 120; Pleijte, p. 567. 

393 Riedel, l.c., p. 194. 

394 Ibid., p. 154. 

395 Ibid., pp. 101–103; Boot, p. 1171. 

396 Riedel, l.c., p. 49; Van Hoëvell, Ambon, p. 47. 

397 Hickson, p. 141; see also pp. 137, 139, 142; van Dinter. 

398 Riedel, Galela, pp. 64–66. 

399 Campen, p. 285. 

400 Riedel, Rassen, pp. 18, 19; Wilken, Boeroe, p. 3. 

401 Van der Miesen, p. 449. 

402 Blumentritt, Conquista, pp. 53–59; Blumentritt, Tagalen, pp. 12–17. 

403 Schadenberg, Süd-Mindanao, pp. 9, 12, 28; Blumentritt, Mindanao, p. 281. 

404 Blumentritt, Ethnographie, p. 49; Blumentritt, Mindanao, pp. 293, 294. 

405 Blumentritt, Ethnographie pp. 53, 54; Blumentritt, Maguindanaos, p. 891; Jansen, pp. 219, 224, 225. 

406 Schadenberg, Süd-Mindanao, p. 47. 

407 Blumentritt, Mindanao, p. 297. 

408 Blumentritt, Kianganen, p. 132. 

409 Blumentritt, Bungianen. 

410 Venturillo, see especially p. 142; Miller. 

411 Jenks, pp. 136–138; Schadenberg, Nord-Luzon

412 Blumentritt, Ethnographie; Meijer, Igorroten; Jagor, Philippines. 

413 See Reed, p. 63; Semper, Philippinen; Mallat; Blumentritt, Negritos; Schadenberg, Negritos. 

414 Schurtz, Katechismus, p. 221. 

415 Sibree, pp. 181, 182; Hartmann, p. 75; Ellis, Madagascar, pp. 146–149. 

416 Sibree. 

417 Hildebrandt, Ambergebirge, p. 276; Grandidier, p. 217. 

418 Veth, IV pp. 410–413. 

419 I, p. 11. 

420 Liefrinck, Nota etc., p. 184. 

421 Waanders, p. 133. 

422 Liefrinck, ibid., p. 185. 

423 Waanders, pp. 107, 123–125; Tonkes, pp. 54–58. 

424 Tonkes, p. 61. 

425 Liefrinck, Slavernij op Lombok, pp. 508, 514, sqq. 

426 Van Eck, p. 356. 

427 Van Hasselt, Volksbeschrijving van Midden-Sumatra, pp. 190, 191. 

428 Willinck, pp. 130–144. 

429 Among the Rejangs: Marsden, pp. 252, 255; in Semindo: Pauw ten Kate, pp. 537–542, Gramberg, pp. 458, 459; in Blalauw: Gramberg, pp. 471, 472; in Palembang: Gersen, pp. 136, 137; Singkel: Rosenberg, Singkel, p. 413, Rosenberg, Mal. Arch., p. 45; Pangkallan: Holle, pp. 382, 383; Labuan-Batu: Neumann, Laboean-Batoe, pp. 478, 479, Korte beschrijving van het landschap Bilu, p. 553; Karintji, Serampas and Sungai Tenang: Klerks, p. 89; Upper Asahan: Van den Bor, p. 410; Batubarah: de Scheemaker, pp. 471–473; Siak: Nieuwenhuijzen, pp. 412–414; the Rokan states: Quast, pp. 416–418. In Glugur “serfdom does not exist: all men have the same human rights” (Van Delden, p. 169). Whether this is the original state of things, or due to Dutch interference, does not appear. 

430 Snouck Hurgronje, De Atjehers, I pp. 21–25. Concerning the West Coast of Atjeh, see also van Langen, pp. 478, 479. 

431 Snouck Hurgronje, Het Gajoland, pp. 62–64. 

432 Matthes, pp. 3, 5, 136, 137, etc. On the Bugis of Tanette and Barru, see also Bakkers, Tanette, p. 257, and on those of Boni: Bakkers, Boni, pp. 60, 98, 153. 

433 Robidé, pp. 53, 218, 221, etc. 

434 De Clercq, Ternate, p. 74. 

435 Saleeby, p. 65. 

436 Colquhoun, p. 189; Harper Parker, pp. 88, 100. 

437 Colquhoun, pp. 189, 258. 

438 St. John, Aracan, pp. 240–242. 

439 Lewin, p. 85. 

440 Colquhoun, p. 77. 

441 Ibid., p. 155.