554 Theal, p. 161. ↑

555 Galton, p. 142. ↑

556 Rautanen, in Steinmetz’s Rechtsverhältnisse, pp. 336, 335, 342. The Ondonga are perhaps identical with the Ovampo, see Steinmetz, ibid., p. 326. ↑

557 Andersson, I pp. 247, 248. ↑

558 Hahn, Die Ovaherero; Haarhoff. ↑

559 Fritsch, p. 364; see also Waitz-Gerland, II p. 391. ↑

560 Viehe, in Steinmetz’s Rechtsverhältnisse, pp. 304, 305, 302. ↑

561 Kohler, Das Recht der Herero, pp. 311, 312. ↑

562 Ibid., p. 312. ↑

563 Livingstone, Zambesi, p. 322; Livingstone, Miss. Trav., p. 597. ↑

564 Holub, Süd-Afrika, II pp. 331, 348, 350, etc.; Livingstone, Miss. Trav., p. 318; Serpa Pinto, II p. 42. ↑

565 Holub, Süd-Afrika; Livingstone, Miss. Trav.; Mauch. ↑

566 Holub, l.c. II p. 241. ↑

567 Magyar, I pp. 286–290, etc. ↑

568 Cameron, II pp. 164, 167. ↑

569 Pogge, Muata Jamwo, pp. 165, 134, 226, etc.; Livingstone, Last Journ., I p. 237. ↑

570 Peters, pp. 395, 394. ↑

571 Pogge, Muata Jamwo, pp. 45, 46, 51. ↑

572 Magyar, I p. 80. ↑

573 Macdonald, East Central African Customs, pp. 101, 102. ↑

574 Livingstone, Zambesi, p. 396. ↑

575 Livingstone, Miss. Trav., p. 618. ↑

576 Beverley, in Steinmetz’s Rechtsverhältnisse, p. 213. ↑

577 Lang, ibid., pp. 240–242; Storch, p. 319. ↑

578 Storch, p. 323. ↑

579 Weule, pp. 55, 56. ↑

580 Weule, pp. 123, 124. ↑

581 Von Schele, pp, 71, 72. ↑

582 Kohler, Das Banturecht, pp. 42–45 (after Merker). ↑

583 Baumann, p. 237; Kohler, Das Banturecht, pp. 42–45 (after Puder). On the Msalala, a division of the Wanyamwesi, see also Desoignies, in Steinmetz’s Rechtsverhältnisse, p. 278. ↑

584 Angus, pp. 317, 323. ↑

585 Hore, p. 11. ↑

586 Kraft, in Steinmetz’s Rechtsverhältnisse, p. 291. ↑

587 Dale, p. 230. ↑

588 Hermann, p. 55. ↑

589 Fülleborn, p. 383. ↑

590 Storch, p. 326. ↑

591 Thomson, Centr. Afr. Lakes, I pp. 102, 139. ↑

592 Peters, pp. 284, 285. ↑

593 Baumann, p. 214. ↑

594 Thomson, Centr. Afr. Lakes, II p. 222. ↑

595 Baumann, p. 237. ↑

596 Von Höhnel, p. 318. ↑

597 Stuhlmann, pp. 492–529. ↑

598 Thomson, Massai; Johnston; Von Höhnel. ↑

599 Ward in J. A. I. 1895, p. 287; De Bas, p. 173. ↑

600 Phillips, pp. 223, 224. ↑

601 Magyar, I pp. 213–216, etc. ↑

602 Schütt, pp. 115, 139, 140. ↑

603 Buchholz, p. 178; Lenz, pp. 21, 218; Compiègne, Okanda, pp. 194, 195; Winwood Reade, p. 259. ↑

604 Lenz, pp. 39, 40. ↑

605 Duloup, p. 222. ↑

606 Compiègne, Okanda, pp. 93, 95, 96. ↑

607 Buchholz, pp. 96, 97, 190, 200, 201, 85; see also Kohler, Negerrecht, pp. 10, 24, 25, 34. ↑

608 Coquilhat, pp. 500–502. ↑

609 Coquilhat, pp. 85, 86, 122; Ward, Cannibals, pp. 105, 106, 302; Dupont, pp. 210, 231–233; Johnston, The river Congo, p. 396; Torday and Joyce, Congo Free State, p. 139. ↑

610 Coquilhat, pp. 232, 296, 297, 365, 366; Ward, Cannibals, p. 132. ↑

611 Wissmann, Im Inneren Afrikas, pp. 82, 158. ↑

612 Livingstone, Last Journ., II pp. 131, 132, 29, 62, 63. ↑

613 Wolff, pp. 206, 207. ↑

614 Lenz, pp. 53, 218; Compiègne, Okanda, pp. 62, 65. ↑

615 Coquilhat, pp. 149, 157, 169. ↑

616 Schütt, pp. 38, 41. ↑

617 Compiègne, Gabonais, pp. 114, 130, 141. ↑

618 On the Bakundu, Banyang, Batom and Mabum, see Hutter, pp. 259 sqq. ↑

619 Hutter, pp. 341 sqq. ↑

620 Torday and Joyce, Ba-Mbala, p. 411. ↑

621 Torday and Joyce, Ba-Yaka, p. 46. ↑

622 Torday and Joyce, Ba-Huana, p. 286. ↑

623 Torday and Joyce, Congo Free State, p. 150. ↑

624 Zenker, pp. 48, 49, 67. ↑

625 Hoesemann, pp. 176,177. ↑

626 Leuschner, in Steinmetz’s Rechtsverhältnisse, p. 21; Schwarz as quoted ibidem. ↑

627 Magyar; Serpa Pinto; Capello and Ivens. ↑

628 Serpa Pinto; Capello and Ivens. ↑

629 Pogge, Muata Jamwo, pp. 5, 7. ↑

630 Schütt, pp. 79, 90, 113; Livingstone, Miss. Trav., p. 435; Capello and Ivens, pp. 314, 325, etc. ↑

631 Pogge, Muata Jamwo, pp. 35, 36, 39, 40. ↑

632 Buchholz, p. 178; Lenz, p. 256; Compiègne, Gabonais, p. 159. Bennett, in his article on the Fans, makes no mention of slavery. ↑

633 Steinmetz, Rechtsverhältnisse, pp. 42, 43; see also pp. 41, 51, 54 ibidem. ↑

634 Winwood Reade, p. 259. ↑

635 Buchholz, p. 178. ↑

636 Compiègne, Okanda, p. 84; Lenz, p. 240. ↑

637 Coquilhat; Ward, Cannibals; Dupont; Wissmann, im Inneren Afrikas; Guiral, p. 150. ↑

638 Coquilhat, p. 424. ↑

639 Cameron, II pp. 110, 111. ↑

640 Wissmann, Im Inneren Afrikas, pp. 240, 241. ↑

641 Wissmann, Zweite Durchquerung, p. 115. ↑

642 Wissmann, Unter deutscher Flagge, I p. 93; l.c. note; Pogge’s Aufenthalt, pp. 381, 382. ↑

643 Wissmann, Im Inneren Afrikas, pp. 141, 145, 146. ↑

644 Lenz, pp. 281–283. ↑

645 Wissmann, Im Inneren Afrikas, p. 36. ↑

646 Wissmann, Unter deutscher Flagge, I p. 147; Pogge’s Aufenthalt, p. 309. ↑

647 Wilson and Felkin, I pp. 161, 186, 193; Baskerville, in Steinmetz’s Rechtsverhältnisse, pp. 193, 194. ↑

648 Chaillé Long; Junker; Wilson and Felkin. ↑

649 Roscoe, p. 100. ↑

650 Richter, Der Bezirk Bukoba, p. 87. ↑

651 Bastian, Geogr. und Ethn. Bilder, p. 143; Hutchinson, pp. 133, 141–145; Compiègne, Gabonais, p. 87; Lander, III p. 321; Walker, pp. 120–123. ↑

652 Bastian, l.c. p. 166; Köler, pp. 84, 153–155, 164; Compiègne, l.c. p. 78; De Cardi, in Kingsley, West African studies, pp. 516, 517, 522–526. ↑

653 Hutchinson, p. 99; De Cardi, ibid., pp. 471–476. ↑

654 Bosman, II p. 228; Bastian, l.c. p. 175; De Cardi, ibid., pp. 452–454. ↑

655 Zündel, pp. 387, 407, 408; Herold, pp. 168–170. On the slave system of the Ewe-speaking peoples in general, see Ellis, Ewe-speaking peoples, pp. 218–221. ↑

656 Burton, II pp. 74, 248. ↑

657 Hagen, Porto-Novo, p. 97. ↑

658 Lander, I p. 37; Staudinger, p. 16. On the slave system of the Yoruba-speaking peoples in general, see Ellis, Yoruba-speaking peoples, pp. 178, 182. ↑

659 Bowdich, pp. 151, 157, 159, 205, 209. The natives of Ashanti belong to the Tshi-speaking peoples of the Gold Coast. On slavery among these peoples in general, see Ellis, Tshi-speaking peoples, pp. 289–295, and Bosman, I pp. 126, 187. ↑

660 Finsch, Goldküste, pp. 359–361. ↑

661 Harris, pp. 27–30. ↑