662 Bérenger-Féraud, p. 211; Tautain, Mandingues, pp. 347–350. On slavery among the tribes of Liberia in general, see also Büttikofer in T. A. G. pp. 72, 73; Büttikofer in I. A. E., pp. 81–83. ↑

663 Bérenger-Féraud, pp. 44, 58–60; Tautain, Sénégal, p. 67. ↑

664 Bérenger-Féraud, p. 365. See also Fama Mademba’s general description of the Sansanding States, inhabited, among others, by the Saracolays and Bambaras, in Steinmetz’s Rechtsverhältnisse, p. 83; Nicole’s notes on the Diakité, a subdivision of the Saracolays, ibidem, pp. 118–120; Arcin, pp. 269–276. ↑

665 Tellier, in Steinmetz’s Rechtsverhältnisse, pp. 168–172; Tellier, Autour de Kita, pp. 98 sqq. ↑

666 Bérenger-Féraud, p. 236; Fama Mademba (see above, p. 155, note 14); Tellier (see note 1). ↑

667 Bérenger-Féraud, p. 269; Tellier, Autour de Kita, pp. 98 sqq. ↑

668 Granville and Roth, pp. 117, 118. ↑

669 Tellier (see note 1); Arcin, pp. 269–276. ↑

670 On the Susu, Landuma and Limba, see Madrolle, pp. 91–93. ↑

671 De Cardi, Ju-Ju Laws etc., p. 52. ↑

672 Lenz, pp. 233, 234; Köler, pp. 57, 58; Hutchinson, p. 48; Staudinger, p. 9; Kingsley in J. A. I. p. 62. ↑

673 Tautain, Bobo, pp. 230, 233. ↑

674 Corre, pp. 15, 16. ↑

675 In the first edition of this book we had counted such peoples as the Fulbe, the Haussa and the Tuareg among the savages. Dr. Vierkandt, in his article on “Die Verbreitung der Sklaverei und ihre Ursachen”, rightly remarks that they are rather to be regarded as semi-civilized peoples. ↑

676 Chaillé Long, p. 29. ↑

677 Wilson and Felkin, II pp. 163, 162. ↑

678 Schweinfurth, I p. 164. ↑

679 Schweinfurth; Junker. ↑

680 Junker, I p. 531; Wilson and Felkin, II p. 96. ↑

681 Stuhlmann, pp. 774 sqq. (by Emin Pascha). ↑

682 Stuhlmann, pp. 492–529. ↑

683 Ibid., pp. 530 sqq. ↑

684 Junker, II pp. 477, 462. ↑

685 Junker, I pp. 331, 411, 428. ↑

686 Schweinfurth, II pp. 164, 190; Junker, III pp. 4, 292. ↑

687 Schweinfurth, II, pp. 45, 82; Junker, II pp. 265, 266, 317; III p. 129. ↑

688 Burrows, p. 45. ↑

689 Junker, III p. 507. ↑

690 Baumann, p. 224. ↑

691 Baumann, p. 179. ↑

692 Ibid., p. 173. Kannenberg’s statement, that captives are made slaves, does not seem to prove anything. These slaves may be sold abroad (see Kannenberg, p. 167, and below p. 164). ↑

693 Baumann, p. 187. ↑

694 Schweinfurth; Junker; Wilson and Felkin. ↑

695 Compiègne, Gabonais, p. 92; Hutchinson, p. 191. ↑

696 Sibree, p. 227. ↑

697 Hildebrandt, West-Madagascar, p. 113 ↑

698 Walter, in Steinmetz’s Rechtsverhältnisse, pp. 381, 387. ↑

699 Fritsch, p. 261. ↑

700 Fritsch, p. 364. ↑

701 See above, p. 139. ↑

702 Galton, p. 142. ↑

703 Wandrer, in Steinmetz’s Rechtsverhältnisse, p. 323. ↑

704 Holub, Süd-Afrika, I, p. 112. ↑

705 Livingstone, Miss. Trav.; Fritsch; Theal; Passarge, Die Buschmänner. ↑

706 Fritsch, p. 444. ↑

707 Schweinfurth, II pp. 107–126; Emin Bey; Burrows. ↑

708 Burrows, pp. 39, 38. ↑

709 Lenz has some notes on the Abongos. ↑

710 Serpa Pinto, I p. 322. ↑

711 Munzinger, Ostafr. Stud., pp. 154, 155. ↑

712 Ibid., p. 207. ↑

713 Ibid., pp. 231, 239, 244, 245. ↑

714 Ibid., pp. 279, 308–311 etc.; see also Junker I p. 180; von Müller, p. 428. ↑

715 Munzinger, Ostafr. Stud., pp. 483, 484, 497. ↑

716 Munzinger, Bogos, pp. 42, 43, 48–56. ↑

717 Paulitschke, I pp. 261, 262; II pp. 139–141. ↑

718 Paulitschke, I pp. 260, 263; II pp. 138, 139. Concerning the Somal see also Bottego, pp. 422–425; Hildebrandt, Somal, p. 4. ↑

719 Baumann, p. 165; Kallenberg, p. 93; Merker, pp. 96, 97, 118, 208. ↑

720 Kannenberg, p. 155; Baumstark. ↑

721 Kandt, p. 254. ↑

722 Thomson, Through Massailand; Johnston; Baumann; Kallenberg; von Höhnel. ↑

723 Thomson, l.c. p. 448; Johnston, p. 402. ↑

724 On Kannenberg’s statement that the Wandorobo enslave captives the same may be remarked as above with regard to the Warangi (See Kannenberg p. 170). ↑

725 Thomson, l. c; Johnston; von Höhnel. ↑

726 See above, p. 157, note 1. ↑

727 In this paragraph we speak of “positive” and “negative cases”, meaning only the clear cases. ↑