Participle: visto, vista, seen.

The Verbs composed of ver, are conjugated in the same manner, as:

prever, rever, antever.

12. Perder,  to lose.

The irregularity of this Verb consists in the following tenses changing the d into c.

Indicative Mood.
Present.
perco, I lose
perdes, thou losest
perde, he loses
perdemos, we lose
perdeis, you lose
perdem, they lose.
 
Subjunctive Mood.
Present.
que eu perca, that I may lose
tu percas, that thou mayest lose
elle perca, that he may lose
nós percamos, that we may lose
vós percais, that you may lose
elles percão, that they may lose.
 
Imperative Mood.
  perde tu, lose thou
perca elle, let him lose
percamos nós, let us lose
perdei vós, lose ye
percão elles, let them lose.

13. Valer,  to be worth,

changes l into lh, in the following tenses.

Indicative Mood.
Present.
eu valho, I am worth
tu vales regular
elle vale
nós valemos  
vós valeis
elles valem
 
Subjunctive Mood.
Present.
que eu valha, that I may be worth
tu valhas, that thou mayest be worth
elle valha, that he may be worth
nós valhamos, that we may be worth
vós valhais, that you may be worth
elles valhão, that they may be worth.
 
Imperative Mood.
  vale tu, be thou worth
valha elle, let him be worth
valhamos, let us be worth
valei vós, be ye worth
valhão elles, let them be worth.

14. Ler,  to read.

Indicative Mood.
Present.
eu leio, I read
tu lês, thou readest
elle lê, he reads
nós lemos, we read
vós ledes, you read
elles lêm, they read.
 
Subjunctive Mood.
Present.
que eu lêia, that I may read
tu lêias, that thou mayest read
elle lêia, that he may read
nós lêiamos, that we may read
vós lêiais, that you may read
elles lêião, that they may read.
 
Imperative Mood.
  lê tu, read thou
lêia elle, let him read
lêiamos, let us read
lede vós, read ye
lêião elles, let them read.

The Verb “crer” to believe, is conjugated in the same manner.

15. The Verbs ending in “ger”

change g into j in all persons when it is followed by o or a, for the sake of pronunciation. As:

eleger, to elect;
elejo, que eu eleja, etc.

15.
THIRD CONJUGATION.

16. Ir,  to go.

Indicative Mood.
Present.
eu vou, I go
tu vas, thou goest
elle vai, he goes
nós vamos, we go
vós ides, you go
elles vão, they go.
 
Imperfect.
eu hia, I went
tu hias, thou wentest
elle hia, he went
nós hiamos, we went
vós hieis, you went
elles hião, they went.
 
Perfect.
eu fui, I have gone
(like the Perfect of “ser” to be).
 
Pluperfect.
eu fora, I had gone
(like the Pluperfect of “ser”).
 
Subjunctive Mood.
Present.
que eu vá, that I may go
tu vás, that thou mayest go
elle vá, that he may go
nós vámos, that we may go
vos vades, that you may go
elles vão, that they may go.
 
Imperfect.
que eu fora, that I might go
tu foras, that thou mightst go
elle fora, that he might go
nós foramos, that we might go
vós foreis, that you might go
elles forão, that they might go.
 
Perfect.
que eu fosse, that I may have gone
(like “ser”).
 
Future.
quando eu for, when I shall go
(like “ser”).
 
Imperative Mood.
  vai tu, go thou
vá elle, let him go
vamos, let us go
ide vós, go ye
vão elles, let them go.

17. Vir,  to come.

Indicative Mood.
Present.
eu venho, I come
tu vens, thou comest
elle vem, he comes
nós vimos, we come
vós vindes, you come
elles vem, they come.
 
Imperfect.
eu vinha, I came
tu vinhas, thou camest
elle vinha, he came
nós vinhamos, we came
vós vinheis, you came
elles vinhão, they came.
 
Perfect.
eu vim, I have come
tu vieste, thou hast come
elle veio, he has come
nós viemos, we have come
vós viestes, you have come
elles vierão, they have come.
 
Pluperfect.
eu viera, I had come
tu vieras, thou hadst come
elle viera, he had come
nós vieramos, we had come
vós viereis, you had come
elles vierão, they had come.
 
Subjunctive Mood.
Present.
que eu venha, that I may come
tu venhas, that thou mayest come
elle venha, that he may come
nós venhamos, that we may come
vós venhais, that you may come
elles venhão, that they may come.
 
Imperfect.
que eu viera, that I might come
tu vieras, that thou mightst come
elle viera, that he might come
nós vieramos, that we might come
vós viereis, that you might come
elles vierão, that they might come.
 
Perfect.
que eu viesse, that I may have come
tu viesses, that thou mayest have come
elle viesse, that he may have come
nós viessemos, that we may have come
vós viesseis, that you may have come
elles viessem, that they may have come.
 
Future.
quando eu vier, when I shall come
tu vieres, when thou shalt come
elle vier, when he shall come
nós viermos, when we shall come
vós vierdes, when you shall come
elles vierem, when they shall come.
 
Imperative Mood.
  vem tu, come thou
venha elle, let him come
venhamos, let us come
vinde vós, come ye
venhão elles, let them come.

Participle: vindo, vinda, come.

18. Pedir, to request,

changes d in ç in the following persons.

Indicative Mood.
Present.
eu peço, I request
(the other persons are regular: pedes, pede, etc.).
 
Subjunctive Mood.
Present.
que eu peça, that I may request
tu peças, that thou mayest request
elle peça, that he may request
nós peçamos, that we may request
vós peçais, that you may request
elles peção, that they may request.
 
Imperative Mood.
  pede tu, request thou
peça elle, let him request
peçamos nós, let us request
pedi vós, request ye
peção elles, let them request.

“Medir” to measure, is conjugated in the same manner.

19. Rir, to laugh.

Indicative Mood.
Present.
eu rio, I laugh
tu ris, thou laughest
elle ri, he laughs
nós rimos, we laugh
vós rides, you laugh
elles rim, they laugh.
 
Subjunctive Mood.
Present.
que eu ria, that I may laugh
tu rias, that thou mayest laugh
elle ria, that he may laugh
nós riamos, that we may laugh
vós riais, that you may laugh
elles rião, that they may laugh.
 
Imperative Mood.
  ri tu, laugh thou
ria elle, let him laugh
riamos, let us laugh
ride vós, laugh ye
rião elles, let them laugh.

20. The Verbs ending in “gir”

change the g into j in all persons where g is followed by o or a.

21. The Verbs ending in “uzir”

drop the final e in the third person Singular of the Present, as:

conduz (not conduze), induz (not induze).

22. The Verbs ending in “hir”

change hi into i in the following persons.

Indicative Mood.
Present.
eu saio, I go out
(the others are regular: sahes, sahe, sahimos, etc.).
 
Subjunctive Mood.
Present.
que eu saia, that I may go out
tu saias, that thou mayest go out
elle saia, that he may go out
nós saiamos, that we may go out
vós saiais, that you may go out
elles saião, that they may go out.
 
Imperative Mood.
  sahe tu, go thou out
saia elle, let him go out
saiamos nós, let us go out
sahi vós, go ye out
saião elles, let them go out.

23. Subir,  to mount,

changes u into o, in the second person Singular, third person Singular and Plural of the Present, and in the second person of the Imperative, as:

sobes, sobe, sobem, sobe tu.

24. Mentir,  to lie,

changes e into i in the following persons.

Indicative Mood.
Present.
eu minto, I lie
(tu mentes, elle mente).
 
Subjunctive Mood.
Present.
que eu minta, that I may lie
tu mintas, that thou mayest lie
elle minta, that he may lie
nós mintamos, that we may lie
vós mintais, that you may lie
elles mintão, that they may lie.
 
Imperative Mood.
  mente tu, lie thou
minta elle, let him lie
mintamos nós, let us lie
menti vós, lie ye
mintão elles, let them lie.

The same irregularities occur in

sentir, to feel
servir, to serve
ferir, to wound.

25. Dormir,  to sleep.

This Verb changes o into u in all persons, in which mentir changes the e into i, as:

26. Ouvir,  to hear.

This Verb changes uvi into uç in all persons in which mentir changes e into i, as:

eu ouço, I hear  
que eu ouça, that I may hear.

 
Imperative Mood.
  ouve tu, hear thou
ouça elle, let him hear
ouçamos nós, let us hear
ouvi vós, hear ye
oução elles, let them hear.

Some writers change u into i, as:
oiço,
oiça.

27. Pôr,  to place, to put.

Indicative Mood.
Present.
eu ponho, I place
tu pões, thou placest
elle poem, he places
nós pômos, we place
vós pondes, you place
elles poem, they place.
 
Imperfect.
eu punha, I placed
tu punhas, thou placedst
elle punha, he placed
nós punhamos, we placed
vós punheis, you placed
elles punhão, they placed.
 
Perfect.
eu puz, I have placed
tu puzeste, thou hast placed
elle póz, he has placed
nós puzemos, we have placed
vós puzestes, you have placed
elles puzerão, they have placed.
 
Pluperfect.
eu puzera, I had placed
tu puzeras, thou hadst placed
elle puzera, he had placed
nós puzeramos, we had placed
vós puzereis, you had placed
elles puzerão, they had placed.
 
Future.
eu porei, I shall place
tu porás, thou shalt place
elle porá, he shall place
nós poremos, we shall place
vós poreis, you shall place
elles porão, they shall place.
 
Conditional.
eu poria, I should place
tu porias, thou shouldst place
elle poria, he should place
nós poriamos, we should place
vós porieis, you should place
elles porião, they should place.
 
Subjunctive Mood.
Present.
que eu ponha, that I may place
tu ponhas, that thou mayest place
elle ponha, that he may place
nós ponhamos, that we may place
vós ponhais, that you may place
elles ponhão, that they may place.
 
Imperfect.
que eu puzera, that I might place
tu puzeras, that thou mightst place
elle puzera, that he might place
nós puzeramos, that we might place
vós puzereis, that you might place
elles puzerão, that they might place.
 
Perfect.
que eu puzesse, that I may have placed
tu puzesses, that thou mayest have placed
elle puzesse, that he may have placed
nós puzessemos, that we may have placed
vós puzesseis, that you may have placed
elles puzessem, that they may have placed.
 
Future.
quando eu puzer, when I shall place
tu puzeres, when thou shall place
elle puzer, when he shall place
nós puzermos, when we shall place
vós puzerdes, when you shall place
elles puzerem, when they shall place.
 
Imperative Mood.
  põe tu, place thou
ponha elle, let him place
ponhamos nós, let us place
ponde vós, place ye
ponhão elles, let them place.

Gerund: pondo, placing.

Participle: posto, posta, placed.

The Verbs composed by pôr are conjugated in the same manner, as:

antepôr, compôr, depôr, dispôr, propôr.

16.

The following Verbs have two Participles, a regular and an irregular one.

FIRST CONJUGATION.

aceitar, to accept, aceitado, aceito
enxugar, to dry, enxugado, enxuto
exceptuar, to except, exceptuado, excepto
expressar, to express, expressado, expresso
expulsar, to expel, expulsado, expulso
gastar, to spend, gastado, gasto
imprensar, to print, imprensado, impresso
izentar, to except, izentado, izento
manifestar, to manifest, manifestado, manifesto
pagar, to pay, pagado, pago
salvar, to save, salvado, salvo
professar, to act, profess, professado, professo
soltar, to set at liberty, soltado, solto
sujeitar, to subject, sujeitado, sujeito.

SECOND CONJUGATION.

absolver, to acquit, absolvido, - absoluto
absolto
absorver, to swallow, absorvido, absorto
accender, to light, accendido, acceso
corromper, to corrupt, corrompido, corrupto
eleger, to elect, elegido, eleito
encher, to fill, enchido, cheio
envolver, to envelope, envolvido, envolto
escrever, to write, escrevido, escrito
incorrer, to incur (a penalty), incorrido, incurso
interromper, to interrupt, interrompido, interrupto
morrer, to die, morrido, morto
prender, to take (into charge), prendido, preso
romper, to break (open), rompido, roto
suspender, to postpone, suspendido, suspenso
torcer, to turn, torcido, torto.

THIRD CONJUGATION.

abrir, to open, abrido, aberto
affligir, to afflict, affligido, afflicto
concluir, to close, shut, concluido, concluso
contrahir, to contract, contrahido, contracto
cubrir, to cover, cubrido, cuberto
distinguir, to distinguish, distinguido, distincto
distrahir, to abstract, distrahido, distracto
erigir, to erect, erigido, erecto
exhaurir, to exhaust, exhaurido, exhausto
expellir, to expel, expellido, expulso
exprimir, to express, exprimido, expresso
exstinguir, to extinguish, extinguido, extincto
extrahir, to extract, extrahido, extracto
frigir, to fry, frigido, frito
imprimir, to impress, imprimido, impresso
incluir, to shut up, incluido, incluso
inserir, to insert, inserido, inserto
opprimir, to oppress, opprimido, oppresso
possuir, to possess, possuido, possesso
reprimir, to suppress, reprimido, represso
submergir, to submerge, submergido, submerso
supprimir, to oppress, supprimido, suppresso
surgir, to anchor, surgido, surto.

The first or regular form of these Participles is generally used for the compound tenses, whilst the second or irregular form is Generally used with ser or estar.

17.
Impersonal Verbs

are only used in the third person Singular, they are:

Chover, to rain   -   chove, it rains
relampager to lighten - relampaga it lightens
fuzilar - fuzila
trovejar, to thunder - troveja, it thunders
choviscar, to drizzle (rain) - chovisca, it drizzles
nevar, to snow - neva, it snows
gelar, to freeze - gela, it freezes.

They follow those Conjugations to which they belong.

18.
Adverbs.

1.
Adverbs of Time.
Hoje, to-day
agora, now
hontem, yesterday
presentemente, at present
antehontem, the day before yesterday
antigamente, in times past
ultimamente, lastly
recentemente, lately
amanhãa, to-morrow
logo, directly
depois de amanhãa, the day after to-morrow
daqui por diante, from hence, in future
sempre, always
desde, since
ainda, yet.
2.
Adverbs of Place.
aqui, here
ali, acolá, there
arriba, above
abaixo, below
além, on the other side
daquem, on this side
á mão direita, to the right
á mão esquerda, to the left
d’ali, from here.
3.
Adverbs of Number and Comparison.
primeiramente, firstly
segundamente, secondly
em terceiro lugar, thirdly
depois, afterwards
raramente, de maravilha, rarely
mais, more
menos, less
tão almost
como se
como, as
assim, just so, the same
melhor, better
peior, worse
quasi, almost
em parte, partly
quando muito, highest
quando menos, least.
4.
Adverbs of Manner and Kind.
muito, very
bem, good, well
mal, bad
pouco, little
assaz, enough
demasiadamente, too much
sufficientemente, sufficient
abundantemente, abundantly
mesmo, even
apenas, scarcely
senão, only
principalmente, chiefly
em geral, generally, altogether.
5.
Adverbs of Affirmation and Negation.
sim, yes
certamente, certainly
verdadeiramente, indeed
não, no
nada, nothing
talvez perhaps
pode ser
quiça
quando? when?
como? how?
porque? why?
quanto? how much?
onde? where?
aonde? whereto?

The Adverbs are not declined, but some are compared like the Adjectives, as:

mais ricamente, richer
menos ricamente, less rich
tão ricamente, just as rich
muito ricamente, very rich
o mais ricamente, the richest;
Superl.  
bem, good, formes the Comp.: melhor  -  optimamente
mal, bad, - - - peior - pessimamente.

19.

The following Adverbs are principally in use:

agora, now de improviso extempore
hoje, to-day improvisamente
amanhãa, to-morrow quasi, casi, almost
amanhãa pela manhãa, to-morrow-morning então, then
depois de amanhãa, the day after to-morrow   desde então, since
frequentamente, frequently, often desde quando? since when?
nunca, never de quando ha? how long ago?
ordinariamente, generally quando bem even
jamais, never ainda quando
tarde, late quando muito, highest, at latest
cedo, early quando menos, at least
daqui por diante, in future cá, here
ultimamente, lastly, at latest alli, there
recentemente, lately ahi, there, where (you are}
logo, soon acolá, there
depois, afterwards traz behind
abundantemente, abundantly detraz
com razão, justamente, in justice para traz, backwards
absolutamente, absolutely isto he, that is to say
já para já, immediately em vez, em lugar, instead
com condição, under the condition tambem, also
actualmente, actually, at present tanto que as soon as
de proposito, purposely logo que
admiravelmente admirable acaso, accidentally
maravilhosamente ainda, yet
as mil maravilhas, exquisitely finalmente, at last
astutamente, artfully muito, much, very
atraiçoadamente, traitorously depressa, quickly
de maravilha, very rarely aqui, here
a miudo, often até, until
assim so, equally so bem, well, good
tão mal, bad
apressa, quickly, in haste como, how, as
facilmente, easily como? how?
ao avesso, reversedly primeiro que, before that
as avessas, reversedly primeiro que tudo, before all
de balde, in vain fora, out, out of
antes já, already
juntamente tpgether abaixo, below
enteiramente entirely acima, above
ao redor, round about onde, where
loucamente foolishly nada nothing
atrevidamente boldly de cór, by heart
felizmente, happily em vão, in vain
vergonhosamente, infamously escassamente, scarcely, rarely
nem se quer, even if em fin, at last
mais, more longe, long, far
menos, less verdadeiramente, truly
sim, yes dentro, thereinto
não, no as vezes, sometimes
de vagar, slowly quando, when
    quanto, how much.