527Microglossa volubilis DC.
Small shrub, sometimes scandent. Leaves alt., ovate-acuminate, 1-4 in. long, puberulous. Heads small, in cymes 2-8 in. wide, heterog.; fem. fl. ligulate, ligule narrow, white; hermaphr. fl. tubular, yellow.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: gallery wood near Kulensho)
528Conyza ægyptiaca Ait. DINSÏS & NAKHSHASH EL DUBBAN—Arab.
Hairy herb, 1-3 ft. high. Leaves linear-oblong to spathulate, margin subentire to pinnatifid, base amplexicaul, 1-4 in. long. Heads small, in corymbose, axillary or terminal panicles, heterog.; fem. fl. filiform, whitish, ligule none; hermaphr. fl. tubular, 5-toothed, yellow.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Blue Nile Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Sobat mouth); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: near the Boddo River); Lake Rudolf.
C. stricta Willd.
Woody herb, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves alt. linear, spathulate, pinnatifid or dentate, amplexicaul, hispid, ½ in. long. Heads many-flowered in dense corymbose cymes, heterog.; fem. fl. filiform-ligulate whitish; hermaphr. fl. tubular 5-toothed, yellow.
Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit); Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, 9,000 ft.).
C. Hochstetteri Sch. Bip.
Stem creeping; branches erect, up to 2 ft. high. Leaves alt., oblong-lanceolate, auriculate-cordate, dentate, hairy, 1-2 in. long. Heads finally globose, in dense terminal cymes, ab. 1 in. diam., heterog.; female fl. filiform; hermaphr. tubular, 5-toothed.
Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post).
529Blumea aurita DC. BOFUFA—Zande.
Pubescent erect herb, 3 ft. high. Leaves alt.; radical leaves obovate or elliptical; cauline same or lyrate-pinnatipartite, auricled, 4½ in. long. Heads in corymbose terminal panicles, heterog.; fem. fl. filiform, disk fl. hermaphr. or sterile.
Nubia; Khartoum Prov.; Fung Prov.; White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu-land, Kuraggera); Bahr El Jebel (Sudd 8° 40″); Mongalla Prov.
B. abyssinica Sch. Bip.
Herb, 18 in. high. Leaves alt., linear, or lower oblanceolate, clasping. Fl. much as above.
Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L.).
B. bifoliata DC.
Herb. Leaves glandular-pilose, oblong-lanceolate, toothed in the upper half, broad at the base, about 1 in. long. Heads in leafy panicles ¼ in. long. Bracts linear, pilose.
Fung Prov. (Fazoghli).
B. lacera DC.
Pubescent herb, 4 ft. high. Leaves alt., obovate or oblanceolate, dentate, 1½ in. long. Heads purplish, in terminal panicles, heterog., as above.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu-land, & Gazelle River); Mongalla Prov. (Kenissa); Darfur Prov (J. Marra, Niurnya, 6,500 ft.).
The plant is used as a febrifuge, also to stop bleeding. Mixed with black pepper, it is given in cholera. An astringent eye-wash is made from the leaves.
B. gariepina DC.
Small shrub covered with dense silky hairs. Leaves linear, decurrent, ½ in. long. Heads ⅓ in. long. Bracts subulate-linear. Flowers thread-like.
Darfur Prov. (J. Meidob).
530Laggera alata Schultz Bip.
Stout tomentose, glandular herb, up to 6 ft. high; branches winged. Leaves alt. elliptical or elongate-oblong, decurrent, dentate, up to 10 in. long. Heads many-fl., in terminal panicles, heterog.; fem. fl. filiform; hermaphr. fl. tubular, toothed.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Dar Fertit, near Deim Bekir & Bongo-land, Sabbi).
L. pterodonta Sch. Bip.
Stout viscid herb, 2-7 ft. high. Leaves alt., elliptic-oblong or lanceolate, decurrent, dentate, 6 in. long. Heads in terminal panicles, hermaphr., as above.
Fung Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu-land, Kuraggera).
L. crassifolia Schultz Bip.
Shrubby, 2-3 ft. high. Leaves alt., elliptic or oblong, glandulose-puberulous, decurrent, 2-3 in. long. Heads in terminal panicles. Fl. as above.
Fung Prov. (Fazoghli).
531Pluchea Dioscoridis DC.
Shrubby, 6 ft. or more. Leaves alt., oval to lanceolate, often auriculate-cordate, 1-2 in. long. Heads in terminal corymbose or globose panicles, heterog.; female fl. filiform; disk fl. tubular, mouth 3-fid, hermaphr. or sterile.
Kordofan & Darfur Provinces.
532Epaltes gariepina Steetz. RIMITH (Kordn.)—Arab; OLEI—Hadendowa; UM MUSEG—Rashida.
Scabrid undershr.; branches winged. Leaves alt., linear-oblong, acute, decurrent, 2½ in. long. Heads 3-6 together at extremities, heterog.; fem. fl. tubular or filiform; disk fl. tubular, dilated above, hermaphr., often sterile.
Kordofan Prov. (J. Um Darrag); Darfur Prov. (60 m. east of El Fasher); Kassala Prov. (Um Adam).
533Sphæranthus suaveolens DC. SAGHLIFT, FORGEYH, SIRR EL WARD—Arab.
Erect herb, 2 ft. high; stem and branches winged. Leaves alt., linear to elliptic oblong, decurrent, dentate, 2-5 in. long. Heads few-flowered, red, subglobose, densely crowded on ovoid common receptacles which are solitary or 2-3 together, terminal or lateral. Fl. white or pink, heterog., female tubular 3-dentate; disk fl. tubular 5-dent. or sterile.
Blue Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo, Mittu & Niamniam lands).
S. Steetzii O. & H.
Erect herb, 1-2 ft. high; branches winged above. Leaves linear to oblong, decurrent, ab. 2 in. long. Heads 5-flowered, the central fl. only male, the others female; common receptacle hemispherical, terminating stem and branches.
Blue Nile Prov.
S. nubicus Sch. Bip.
Erect glandular-hairy annual, ab. 2 ft. high; upper branches winged. Leaves linear to lanceolate, decurrent, 1-3 in. long. Heads 3-9 flowered, the central one male; common receptacle slightly convex, terminal.
Kordofan Prov.
S. Brounæ Robyns.
Herb, 1 ft. high, strongly scented, glandular and pilose. Leaves sessile, auriculate at the base, oblong, ½ in. long. Heads compound, globose, pedunculate, ⅓ in. in diam., pink.
Kordofan Prov. (near Agari).
534Phagnalon Schweinfurthii Schultz Bip.
White lanate undershrub. Leaves alt., linear, amplexicaul, 2 in. long. Heads wide-campanulate, many-flowered, terminal or from upper axils, heterog.; fem. fl. tubular-filiform, denticulate; hermaphr. tubular, 5-toothed.
Nubia; Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, Soturba).
P. scalarum Schweinfth.
Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, 9,200 ft.).
535Achyrocline luzuloides Vatke.
White lanate undershr. Leaves linear, subamplexicaul, 2 in. long. Heads 4-8 flowered in dense hemispherical, terminal cymes, heterogamous; fem. fl. 3-5 radiate; hermaphr. 1-3 together; involucre white, shining.
Red Sea Prov.; between Suakin & Berber.
A. glumacea O. & H.
Hoary lanate undershr. Leaves narrow-linear, 1-4 in. long. Heads 5-8 flowered (female 4-5 and hermaphr. 1-3 together), sessile, in crowded branched corymbose or globose cymes; involucre scales shining, white or pale-yellow.
Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L.); Darfur Prov. (J. Marra: high zone).
A. Schimperi Sch. Bip.
Loose straggling herb, hoary tomentose all over. Leaves ovate, acute, 1½-2 in. long; flower-heads oblong, 4-5 flowered, sessile in dense corymbs; bracts shining.
Red Sea Prov. (foot of Has Has).
536Gnaphalium luteo-album Linn.
Erect cottony herb. Leaves alt., linear or spathulate, semi-amplexicaul, 1-3 in. long. Heads campanulate, many-flowered, subsessile, many together in crowded clusters, terminal or axillary, heterog.; fem. fl. filiform; hermaphr. fl. 4-5 in each head; invol. bracts straw-coloured.
Fung Prov. (Saoleil); Kordofan Prov.
G. Unionis Schultz Bip.
Lanate annual, up to 1 ft. high. Leaves linear, subamplexicaul, ½-1 in. long, lanate. Heads campanulate, crowded in terminal, often involucrate clusters. Fem. fl. filiform; hermaphr. fl. 6-8-15 in each head; invol. bracts white at tips, woolly outside.
Dongola Prov. (Debba); Kordofan Prov.
G. pulvinatum Del.
Prostrate, lanate-tomentose annual; branches 3-5 in. long. Leaves alt., spathulate, attenuate to base. Heads campanulate, in subglobose leafy or involucrate clusters; hermaphr. fl. 4-6; fem. fl. numerous; invol. as above.
White Nile Prov. (above El Eish); Kordofan Prov.
G. niliacum Raddi.
Cottony herb, 3-10 in. high. Leaves alt., spathulate or obovate, attenuate into short petiole. Heads campanulate, sessile, in dense spiciform terminal clusters; fem. fl. numerous; hermaphr. fl. 4-5 outer invol. lanate; midrib green.
Dongola Prov.; Blue Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Dar Fertit).
537Helichrysum rosulatum O. & H.
Procumbent, tomentose perennial, 1½ in. high. Leaves alt., spathulate, oblong, emarginate, ½-1 in. long, crowded at base of branches. Capitula 6-7 all hermaphr., many together forming a subglobose head; invol. scales purple.
Red Sea Prov. (shores of the Red Sea).
H. Nimmoanum O. & H.
Woolly white, shrubby plant. Leaves alt., oblong or ovate, ab. 1 in. long. Capitula 8-10 flowered, hermaphr., crowded in dense branched terminal corymbs; invol. scales straw-coloured.
Red Sea Prov. (shores of the Red Sea).
H. gracilipes O. & H.
Procumbent rosulate, white woolly herb, giving out offshoots. Leaves elliptic, ½ in. long. Capitula hermaphr., 20-flowered, solitary at ends of branches; invol. scales straw-coloured.
Red Sea Prov.
H. undatum Less.
Erect white-woolly perennial, 4 ft. high. Leaves linear to lanceolate, up to 5 in. long. Capitula hermaphr., with orange fimbrillæ, crowded in terminal corymbose cymes; 1-6 in. diam.; invol. scales rose-coloured.
Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).
H. abyssinicum Sch. Bip.
Shrubby, 18 in. high. Leaves linear or linear-oblong, densely tomentose, ab. 1 in. long. Capitula heterog., 50-fl., yellow, crowded in dense globose clusters, 1-3 in. wide, terminal; fem. fl. filiform; invol. scales pale-yellow, shining.
Darfur Prov. (J. Marra).
538Leysera capillifolia DC.
Slender glandular-scabrid annual. Leaves filiform or linear, crowded, 1 in. long. Cap. yellow, heterog., solitary on slender subterminal peduncles; fem. fl. ligulate, ligule very small; hermaphr. fl. tubular, 5-cleft.
Red Sea Prov. (Coast: Soturba, J. Shellal at 3,000 ft., Suakin).
539Inula macrophylla Schultz Bip.
Perennial, 2-5 ft. high. Leaves alt., oval or ovate, 1 ft. or more long, upper cordate-amplexicaul, tawny-tomentose. Capitula hermaphr., yellow, in a dense corymbose terminal cyme, 4-8 in. wide.
Red Sea Prov. (Karora).
540Iphiona scabra DC.
Glandular scabrid undershrub. Leaves alt., subulate-pungent, 1 in. long with 2-6 small basal spines. Capit. hermaphr., yellowish-white, 14-flowered, solitary, axillary or terminal.
Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, Soturba).
541Pegolettia senegalensis Cass.
Hispid annual, up to 2 ft. high. Leaves alt. linear or oblanceolate, ½-1 in. long. Capit. hermaphr., yellow, turning purple, 18-30 flowered, solitary, terminal.
Blue Nile Prov. (Rufaa); Kordofan Prov.
542Vicoa auriculata Cass.
Annual, 1-3 ft. Leaves alt., linear-lanceolate to oblong, auriculate, amplexicaul, ½-3 in. long. Capit. hermaphr., orange-yellow, forming a loose terminal panicle.
Red Sea Prov. (Soturba); Fung Prov. (Fazoghli & Jongol’s Post); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur & Bongo-lands).
543Pulicaria petiolaris Jaub. & Spach.
Somewhat woody herb, up to 1½ ft. high, glandular-puberulous and appressed pubescent. Leaves alt. ½-2 in. long, oval or lanceolate, dentate, cuneate or truncate at base; petiole winged, amplexicaul, up to 1 in. long. Capit. heterog., yellow, in loose corymbs; fem. fl. with minute ligule.
Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L.); Fung Prov.
P. Grantii O. & H.
Shrubby, 2 ft. or more; stems glandular puberulous. Leaves linear, sessile, short tomentose, up to 1 in. long. Capit. heterog., yellow, solitary, terminal, many-flowered. Ligule of fem. fl. small; hermaphr. fl. tubular, 5-dentate.
Khartoum Prov. (16° N.L.).
P. undulata DC. RIHAN (Kordn.), ARRĀWAL (Atbara), RUBBUL, GHUBEYRA, & KUTKAT—Arab.
Woolly, strongly-scented herb, ½-2 ft. high. Leaves linear to oblanceolate, dentate, undulate, auriculate-amplexicaul, ½-2 in. long. Capit. heterog., yellow, many-flowered, solitary, terminal.
Red Sea Prov.; Kassala Prov.; Æthiopia (J. El Ghazal); Khartoum, Blue Nile, Kordofan & Darfur Provinces.
P. crispa Benth. & Hook. f.
White tomentose herb, 1-2½ ft. high. Leaves linear to obovate-oblong, auriculate amplexicaul, ¾-1½ in. long, denticulate-crisped. Capit. heterog., yellow, many-flowered, loosely panicled, terminal; hermaphr. fl. 4-5 dentate.
Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L.); Dongola Prov. (Merowe); Khartoum Prov. (North); Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov. (Abu Nuer, 80 m. E. of El Fasher).
The dried plant is applied to bruises on cattle.
P. Rüppellii Schultz.
Small white woolly herb. Leaves obovate, spathulate, denticulate, auricled and amplexicaul, ½-2½ in. long. Capit. heterog., yellow, solitary and terminal; ligule of fem. fl. long and 3-dentate.
Red Sea Prov. (shores between 11° and 12° N.L.).
P. vulgaris Gærtn. RÏMÏTH (Kordn.), ZAGHIL & ABU ’AIN SAFRA—Arab.
Puberulous herb, 1 ft. or more. Leaves linear-oblong, cordate, sessile, ½-2½ in. long. Capit. as above.
Kordofan Prov. (North of Shersha); Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, 6,500-9,000 ft.).
544Geigeria acaulis Benth. & Hook. f.
Low, tufted, cottony herb. Leaves alt., crowded, linear or oblong, 1-3½ in. long., overtopping the solitary heterog. yellow capit. Fem. fl. ligulate, 3-dentate; hermaphr. fl. tubular, 5-fid.
White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan & Darfur Provinces.
G. alata Benth. & Hook. f. GATGAT (Baggara) & RIHAN (N. Kordn.)—Arab; HASHUK—Hadendowa; DOSH—Rashida.
Glabrous herb, ½-1 ft. high; branches winged. Leaves opp., oval-oblong, decurrent, 1-3½ in. long, glandular-punctate. Cap. heterog., yellow, 10-12 flowered, bracteate, solitary in forks of branches. Fl. as above.
Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L.); Khartoum Prov. (J. Royan); Kassala Prov. (Um Adam); Kordofan & Darfur Provinces.
G. Macdougalii S. Moore.
Annual, about 1 in. high. Leaves sessile, oblanceolate or lanceolate-oblanceolate, mucronate, 1 in long, ciliolate, gland-dotted. Heads small terminal and axillary. Bracts 4-seriate.
White Nile Prov.
545Anisoppapus africanus O. & H.
Erect puberulous herb, 3-4 ft. Leaves deltoid, hastate, crenate, 1-3 in. long, alternate. Capit. heterog., yellow, ½-1 in. wide excluding ligules of fem. fl. which are spreading and 3-dentate; hermaphr. fl. 5-toothed. Infl. corymbose.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).
A. chinensis Hk. & Arn.
Erect pubescent herb. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, obtusely dentate, 1½-2½ in. long; petioles dilating at base. Capit. as above.
Bahr El Jebel (Madi).
546Ambrosia maritima Linn.
Annual, woody below, hairy, 1-3 ft. high. Leaves alt., ovate, bipinnatipartite, 1-3 in. long. Capit. white, monœcious, in dense spikes, male at the top, female below (or sessile in upper axils), in terminal corymbose panicles; male fl. white, tubular, 5-fid; fem. fl.: cor. 0 but involucre closed over the fruit, spinose or tubercled.
Berber Prov.; Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile Prov. (from Sennar northwards, on river banks).
547Xanthium strumarium Linn. KHARAQ EL BAHR—Arab.
Puberulous annual, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves deltoid, 3-5-lobed, coarsely dentate, 1-6 in. broad, cordate; petiole ½-5 in. long Capit. yellow monœcious; male globose in terminal clusters; female 2-flowered axillary; invol. of fem. heads prickly.
Khartoum and Blue Nile Provinces.
The seeds yield an oil. The fruit is considered efficacious for small-pox, also useful for diseases of the bladder. Not eaten by cattle. In the Fung “Mayas,” after all the grass has been eaten, masses of this plant form vivid green patches.
548Siegesbeckia orientalis Linn.
Pubescent, widely branched annual, 1-3 ft. Leaves alt., deltoid-ovate to lanceolate, 1½-5 in. long, dentate. Capit. heterog., yellow, in dichotomous leafy panicles; fem. fl. ligulate, toothed, inconspicuous; hermaphr. fl. tubular, 3-5, dentate.
Red Sea Prov.
549Enhydra fluctuans Lour.
Aquatic herb, 1-2 ft. high; stem rooting and creeping. Leaves opp., linear to lanceolate, 1-3 in. long, base subhastate, petiole dilated. Capit. heterog., whitish or greenish, axillary. Fem. fl. inconspicuous; hermaphr. fl. 5-toothed; invol. bract 4, leafy, ovate.
Mongalla Prov. (below Bor).
The leaves are regarded as laxative, antibilious and useful in diseases of the skin and nervous system.
550Eclipta alba Hassk. TAMR EL GHANAM (Khartoum), BILTIK (Meshra El Zeraf)—Arab; HRERVA (Meshra El Zeraf)—Dinka.
Scabrid herb, ½-2 ft. high. Leaves opp., lanceolate, up to 5 in. long. Capit. heterog., on peduncles 1-3 together; fem. fl. white, ligulate, small; hermaphr. fl. tubular, 4-dentate.
Berber Prov. (Atbara, on river banks); Khartoum Prov.; Darfur Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Shambé, Jur Ghattas).
Yields a black stain which elsewhere is used in tattooing.
551Sclerocarpus africanus Jacq.
Hispid herb, 1-4 ft. high. Leaves mostly alt., ovate to ovate-lanceolate, serrate, 1-6 in. long. Capit. heterog., solitary, over-topped by involucral bracts; ray fl. 3, neuter, yellow; disk fl. hermaphr., 10-12, tubular, 4-5-toothed.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Kordofan Prov.
552Blainvillea rhomboidea Cass.
Branched scabrid annual, 1-3½ ft. high. Leaves alt. or opp., lanceolate, crenate-serrate, up to 3 in. long. Capit. heterog. 1-2 together, forming with others a panicled leafy cyme. Fem. fl. ligulate, 2-3 dentate, yellow.
Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L.); Fung Prov. (Saoleil); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov.
B. Prieureana DC.
Hispid branched herb, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves opp. or alt., ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate, 3-nerved, 1-5 in. long. Inflor. much as above.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Kordofan Prov. (Abu Sinum).
553Aspilia multiflora O. & H.
Scabrid herb. Leaves opp., ovate-lanceolate, up to nearly 2 in. long. Capit. heterog., yellow, in lax, leafy panicles; ray fl. neuter, ligule rarely exceeding ½ in. in length; disk fl. hermaphr.
Blue Nile Prov.
A. Schimperi O. & H.
Erect annual 1-3 ft. high, scantily hairy. Leaves opp., ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, acuminate, connate at the base, 1-5 in. long. Capit. heterog. yellow, in lax, leafy cymes; ray fl. neuter, ligule 1/5 in. long.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat).
A. latifolia O. & H.
Hispid herb, 1½-4 ft. high. Leaves opp., ovate, serrulate, 3-nerved near the base, 1½-5 in. long. Capit. heterog., yellow, solitary on long peduncles, terminal or in forks of branches; ray florets 20, ligule under ½ in. long.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas and Niamniam-land, Nganye).
The pounded leaves and flowers act as a powerful styptic.
A. Kotschyi Benth. & Hook. f.
Scabrid and hispid annual, 1-4 ft. high. Leaves opp., lanceolate or oval to linear, subamplexicaul, 1-8 in. long. Capit. heterog., deep maroon-coloured, solitary or few together, overtopped by involucrate leaves. Ligule ¼-½ in. long.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas); Darfur Prov. (Kulme); Mongalla Prov. (Gondokoro).
554Wedelia abyssinica Vatke.
Undershrub, 3 ft. high. Leaves opp., ovate or oblong-lanceolate, scabrous, 3-nerved, 1½-3 in. long. Capit. heterog., 1-3 at ends of branches; fem. fl. ligulate, orange; hermaphr. yellow.
Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post).
555Melanthera abyssinica Benth. & Hook. f.
Scabrid branched herb, 2 ft. high. Leaves opp., ovate-lanceolate, serrate, amplexicaul, 1½-4 in. Capit. heterog., yellow in corymbose cymes; ray fl. neuter; ligule 2-3-fid; disk fl. tubular, hermaphr.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat).
M. pungens O. & H.
Scabrid herb, 4 ft. high. Leaves opp., ovate, upper lanceolate, acuminate, shallow-dentate, up to 6 in. long. Capit. as above.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).
M. Brownei Schultz Bip.
Scabrid semi-woody herb, 2-10 ft. high. Leaves opp., deltoid-ovate, sometimes 3-lobed acuminate, dentate, 2-6 in. long. Capit. heterog. yellow, in lax terminal cymes; ray fl. female, ligulate, disk fl. hermaphr.
Bahr El Jebel (Sudd); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).
556Verbesina (Ximenesia) enceloides Cav.
Hoary annual, 1-3 ft. high. Leaves mostly alt., deltoid to oblong, dentate, 1-6 in. long; petiole ½-2 in., winged auriculate. Capit. heterog., yellow, on peduncles, up to 8 in. long, forming a loose cyme. Ray fl. fem., ligule deeply toothed.
Khartoum, Blue Nile & Kordofan Provinces.
557Spilanthes Acmella Linn.
Annual up to 1 ft. high. Leaves opp., ovate, up to 2 in. long. Capit. usually heterog., usually yellow, solitary on long peduncles; ray flor. 1 seriate, usually present, ligule small or 0.
Fung Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Nabambisso River).
The whole plant, especially the flower-heads, is very acid and has a hot, burning taste. It is used for toothache and is considered by natives a powerful stimulant.
558Guizotia Schultzii Hochst.
Scabrous herb, 2-4 ft. Leaves opp., narrow-elliptic, serrate, cordate, amplexicaul, often connate, 1-8 in. long. Capit. heterog., yellow, in corymbose cymes, pedicels up to 5 in.; fem. fl. 1-seriate; hermaphr. fl. glandular-hairy.
Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Darfur Prov. (J. Marra 6,500-9,300 feet); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas, Niamniam-land).
G. Schimperi Sch. Bip.
Pubescent herb, 2-3 ft. high. Leaves opp., elliptic-ovate denticulate, cordate-amplexicaul, ½-4 in. long. Capit. much as above, but cor. of hermaphr. fl. subglabrous.
Darfur Prov. (Zalingei).
559Coreopsis linearifolia O. & H.
Nearly glabrous herb, 4-5 ft. high. Leaves opp., linear, denticulate scabrous, 2-6 in. long. Capit. heterog., yellow, on peduncles 1-4 in., in a lax corymbose cyme. Ray fl. ligulate, fem. or neuter.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land: Steppes near Agada).
C. chrysantha Vatke.
Pallid herb, 2-4 ft. high. Leaves tripartite; lobes lanceolate or linear, acutely narrowed at both ends, deeply serrate, scabrid above, hispid below, ¾-3½ in. by ⅛-1 in.; petioles up to 1¼ in.; sometimes leaves not lobed, ovate or narrow elliptical. Capit. heterog. on hispid peduncles in a lax, corymbose cyme, yellow.
Nubia.
C. abyssinica Schultz Bip.
Erect herb, ab. 3 ft. high, scabrid-pubescent above. Leaves opp., pinnatisect, 1½-4½ in. long, segments 3-4 pairs, toothed or subpinnatipartite. Capit. yellow, heterog., ½ in. diam., on pedicels up to 4 in., in lax corymbose cymes.
Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post).
C. guineensis O. & H.
Nearly glabrous annual, ab. 2 ft. high. Leaves opp., tripartite bilobed or undivided, divisions of the leaf linear 1-7 in. long. Capit. heterog., yellow, ½-¾ in. long, on peduncles 2-7 in., in a lax cyme, or solitary, terminal.
Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov. (Kulme).
560Bidens pilosa Linn.
Annual, up to 5 ft. high. Leaves opp., ovate, mostly pinnately-lobed, blade 1-5 in.; petiole 2½ in. Capit. heterog., tipped with 2-4 barbed, spinose bristles, in a lax corymbose cyme; ray fl. white, ligulate, fem. or neuter; disk fl. yellow, hermaphr. Fr. an achene, ab. ½ in. long.
Red Sea Prov. (Soturba, Coast); Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Kordofan Prov. (Katul Gambara); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas & Bongo-land, Gurfala); Darfur Prov. (Kulme & J. Marra).
B. bipinnata Schultz Bip.
Very similar to above, but leaves mostly bipinnately lobed. Achenes with 3-4 spinose barbed bristles.
White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov.; Red Sea Prov.
B. Schimperi Schultz Bip.
Subscabrous herb, up to several feet high. Leaves opp., 2-3 pinnatisect or more or less 3-fid, 3-6 in. long, with scattered black dots. Capit. heterog., yellow, in lax corymbose cymes. Ray fl. fem. or neuter; ligule ½ in. long. Achenes with 2, sometimes 3 setæ.
Red Sea Prov. (Suakin to Khor Tamanib).
561Chrysanthellum procumbens Pers.
Glabrous procumbent or erect herb, up to 1 ft. high. Leaves alt., multifid, up to 1½ in. long; petiole subamplexicaul 1½ in. long. Capit. heterog., cymose; ray florets fem. ligulate, small.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf, southwards); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land); Mongalla Prov.
562Cotula anthemoides Linn.
Low, hairy, much branched annual. Leaves alt., deeply subbipinnatifid, ⅓-¾ in. long. Capit. heterog., yellow, discoid, solitary terminal; outer fl. fem., minute, in several rows.
Berber Prov. (Nile Cataract; near J. Gerri); Khartoum Prov.
C. cinerea Del. SHIA (Port Sudan)—Arab.
Pale green, villose herb, 1-6 in. high. Leaves alt., pinnatifid, obovate or spathulate in outline, ¼-¾ in. long. Capit. yellow, heterog., terminal; fem. fl. few minute or more usually wanting.
Red Sea Prov. (Port Sudan); Kordofan Prov.
C. Kotschyi Benth. & Hook. f. HARR (Khartoum)—Arab.
Hoary prostrate herb, up to 12 in. high. Leaves alt., obovate-pinnatipartite, ¼-¾ in. long. Capit. heterog., yellow, terminal; fem. fl. few, minute.
Berber Prov. (Shendi); Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile Prov.; White Nile Prov. (Geteina); Darfur Prov.
C. abyssinica Schultz Bip.
Pilose annual, up to 1 ft. high. Leaves alt., bipinnatipartite, up to 1¼ in. incl. the petiole, which is as long as the blade and half clasping. Capit. heterog., yellow, on 6 in. long peduncles; fem. fl. in 1 row, minute.
Upper White Nile.
563Gynura cernua Benth.
Puberulous annual, 2-3 ft. high. Leaves alt., upper ones auriculate-amplexicaul, ovate or laciniate-lyrate, irregularly dentate or lobed, lower ones petiolate. Capit. purple, homog., solitary, terminal, on 6-12 peduncles; invol. bracts 1-seriate; fl. all tubular, some of the outer with imperfect anthers.
Blue Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-Ghattas & Niamniam-land).
G. vitellina Benth.
Shining herb, 2-6 ft. high. Leaves alt., ovate or lanceolate, irregularly dentate, 1-4 in. long, auricled at base of petiole. Cap. yellow, homog., solitary, terminal on peduncles 4-12 in. long, bearing 2-3 bracts; invol. bracts 1-seriate; fl. all tubular, hermaphr. excepting some outer ones with imperfect anthers.
Darfur Prov. (J. Marra 3,500 to 9,300 ft.); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).
G. crepidioides Benth.
Annual 2-3 ft. high. Leaves alt., lyrate-pinnatifid, dentate, 1-10 in. long. Capit. homog. yellow or with purple tips, in dense or lax corymbose cymes; invol. bracts 1-seriate; fl. as above.
Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); Bahr El Ghazal (Niamniam-land).
G. amplexicaulis O. & H.
Herb 2½-3 ft. high. Leaves alt., obovate-oblong, dentate, amplexicaul, 4-5 in. long. Capit. reddish-orange, homog., 3-4 together in a long-peduncled cyme; invol. bracts 1-seriate; fl. as above.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Khor of Bodumo).
564Emilia sagittata DC.
Annual, ¼-4 ft. high, glaucescent. Leaves alt., sagittate-amplexicaul, oval-ovate or oblong, 1-4 in. long. Capit. homog., orange, cymose or subsolitary on 2½ in. long pedicels; invol. bracts 1-seriate; florets hermaphr.
Fung. Prov. (Jongol’s Post); White Nile Prov.; Darfur Prov. (J. Marra: Wadi Gindi, 7,500 ft.); Upper White Nile Prov.
565Notonia Schweinfurthii O. & H.
Glabrous, fleshy perennial, 1 ft. high. Leaves narrow-elliptic, sessile, 1-2 in. long. Capit. homog., purple, solitary, many-flowered, on 6-8 in. long bracteate peduncles; invol. bracts 1-seriate.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Dar Fertit: Pongo River).
566Senecio arabicus Linn.
Annual, ab. 1 ft. high. Leaves alt., pinnatifid or partite, oval in outline 1-3½ in. long, upper amplexicaul, auriculate. Capit. homog., in broad corymbose cymes; invol. bracts 1-seriate.
Nubia (Islands of the Nile); Kordofan Prov.
S. abyssinicus Schultz Bip.
Herb, 3-16 in. high. Leaves alt., spathulate, ½-2½ in. long, somewhat hairy. Capit. heterog., yellow, 4-12 together, cymose; invol. bracts 1-ser.; fem. fl. ligulate.
Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L.); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).
S. discifolius Oliv.
Annual, 12-15 in. high. Leaves alt., orbicular, ¾-2 in. diam. (upper ones obovate spathulate), suddenly narrowed into a winged petiole. Capit. heterog., orange, 1-3 on 3-7 in. long peduncles, terminal; invol. bracts 1-ser.; fem. fl. ligulate.
Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L.); Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land).
S. picridifolius DC.
Perennial 1-2 ft. high. Leaves alt., oval-oblong or ovate, auriculate, toothed, puberulous, 1½-4½ in. long. Capit. homog., 1 or few together, on 3-6 in. long peduncles; invol. bracts 1-seriate.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Papyrus Swamp, Meshra El Rek).
S. tuberosus Schultz Bip.
Glabrous herb 7-18 in. high, with white, fleshy tuberous root 1-3 in. diam. Leaves alt., elliptic to ovate, coarsely toothed or 3-lobed, 4-8 in. long including petiole. Capit. homog., yellow, 5-flowered, in a dense subumbelliform cyme. Invol. bracts-seriate.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Khor Koki, Matamma).
Root edible.
S. Schweinfurthii O. Hoffm.
Herb. Leaves crowded, linear-oblanceolate, serrate, 4 in. long, shortly pubescent. Heads few, discoid. Bracts ⅓ in. long, viscid. Pappus longer than corolla, white.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jurland).
S.? emilioides Schultz.
Glabrous annual, branched from the base. Capit. discoid; invol. bracts 1-seriate.
Fung Prov.
567Tripteris Vaillantii Decaisne.
Scabrous herb, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves alt., linear to narrow-elliptic, dentate to subpinnatifid, 1-4½ in. long, semi-amplexicaul. Capit. heterog., yellow-purplish, in a lax corymb on 1-7 in. long pedicels; invol. bracts sub 1-ser.; fem. fl. ligulate; disk fl. tubular, sterile.
Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit, 21° N.L. sea level to 3-4,000 ft., Has Has).
T. Lordii O. & H.
Scabrid decumbent or ascending herb, 4-6 in. high. Lower leaves opp., upper alt., oval or narrow-elliptic repand-denticulate, 1½-2½ in. long. Capit. heterog., yellow, solitary or few in a lax cyme; ligule of fem. fl. ⅙ in. long, linear.
Red Sea Prov. (near Erkowit & Khor Tamanib).
C. More or less spinescent herbs, sometimes thistle-like. Capitula either heterogamous (outer florets usually neuter, ligulate or dilated tubular) or homogamous, hermaphrodite and tubular. Leaves alternate.
568Berkheya Spekeana Oliv.
Tall, erect, prickly herb. Leaves alt., linear-oblong, semiamplexicaul, remotely toothed, apiculate at tip, spinose-hispid above, white-tomentose beneath, 1-6 in. long. Capit. heterog., yellow, 1 in. diam. excl. ray, solitary or few together; invol. bracts many, spinous acuminate; ray fl. 1-ser., ligulate, neuter; ligule ab. 1 in. long.
Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); Bahr El Jebel (Madi); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).
569Echinops longifolius A. Rich.
Erect, thistle-like herbs, ab. 2 ft. high. Leaves linear, amplexicaul-auriculate, intensely spinose white tomentose beneath, 6-12 in. long. Capit. 1-flowered collected into a dense globose head; cor. purple; inner invol. bracts 20-25 lanceolate or spathulate, serrate aculeate.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Bahr El Jebel (Madi); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).
E. amplexicaulis Oliv.
Erect thistle-like, 4 ft. or more; stems cottony. Leaves pinnately-lobed, ovate or elliptical, white-tomentose beneath, 3-9 in. long, spinose-dentate and tipped. Capit. 1-flowered in a dense globose cluster 3-4 in. diam.; fl. pink; inner invol. bracts 20-25, ciliate-spinulose, linear-lanceolate or subulate, the innermost connate half-way.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land, Sabbi).
E. macrochætus Fresen. KWANAB—Hadendowa.
Erect, 3-5 ft. high. Leaves semi-amplexicaul, oblanceolate or elliptical, up to over 8 in. long, more or less deeply pinnately lobed, spiny, white-tomentose beneath. Capitula not very numerous in clusters, 1½ in. diam.; inner invol. bracts spathulate, apiculate, ab. 18 in number, innermost connate into a tube more than half-way up.
Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit); Nuba Mts. Prov. (J. Ghulfan); Darfur Prov. (J. Marra 8-10,000 ft.).
E. spinosus Linn.
Erect, 3-5 ft. high, white-woolly. Leaves sessile, ovate, pinnatisect, 2-8 in. long, spinose-incised; heads about 1 in. long, in clusters 3-4 in. diam.
No locality given (fide Mrs. Crowfoot).
E. sp.
Leaves not seen. Heads very large on a cone-like axis, pedicellate, pedicels covered with very long hairs.
Mongalla Prov. (Donka’s village, Sillitoe No. 202).
570Centaurea Calcitrapa Linn. Star-thistle Centaurea.
Scabrid branched herb, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves from simple to pinnatisect, lobes linear, denticulate. Capit. heterog. (outer fl. 1-ser. larger and neuter), solitary, lateral or terminal; invol., bracts glabrous or arachnoid ending in a spreading, yellowish spine, ¾ to 1¼ in. long with a few smaller lateral ones; fl. purple.
Kordofan Prov.
C. senegalensis DC. ABU SHWEIKA (N. Kordn.)—Arab.
Coarse scabrid herb, 2 ft. high. Leaves oval, ovate or lanceolate, apiculate, denticulate, semi-amplexicaul. Capit. ovoid-globose, ½-⅔ in. thick, solitary, terminal; invol. much as above; fl. purple.
Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov. (Melit & J. Marra).
The flower-heads are made into a poultice to reduce swellings.
C. rhizocephala O. & H.
Erect hirsute herb, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves oval-oblong, sessile, 3-5 in. long. Capit. 1-1½ in. long, 3 to 9 together in trichotomous cymes terminating short radical shoots; invol. bracts ending in 3-5 short spines; outer fl. white, inner rose-coloured.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Sabbi).
C. papposa Schultz Bip.
Leaves ovate-oblong, sessile, scabrid-glandular, 1½ in. long. sharply denticulate. Heads few. Bracts long-spine-tipped, pectinate at base.
Kordofan Prov. (Takari, south of Rahad).
571Carthamus tinctorius Linn. GURDUM or ASFAR, QORTOM (Egypt)—Arab.
Erect, thistle-like herb, 2-3 ft. high. Leaves ovate-oblong, sessile, 1-3 in. long, spinulose-denticulate. Capit. ab. 1 in. thick, homog., solitary or cymose; invol. bracts foliaceous and spinescent (in wild forms); fl. orange.
Khartoum, Blue Nile and Kordofan Provinces.
Cultivated for the flowers which yield an orange dye, called safflower, and for the seeds which yield a clear, yellow, esculent oil. Poultry fatten on the seeds.
C. leucocaulos Sibth.
Glabrous, white-stemmed, prickly herb, 1-1½ ft. high. Leaves pinnatifid, 1-4 in. long, lobes ovate ending in a sharp spine. Capit. terminating the end branches; inner invol. bracts lanceolate.
Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, Soturba, 22° N.L.).
572Dicoma tomentosa Cass.
Cottony erect herb, 6-24 in. high. Leaves narrow-elliptic or spathulate, ½-2½ in. long. Capit. homog., ab. 14 fl., on short axillary branches and terminal; invol. bracts lanceolate with 1 spine, arachnoid or cottony; fl. white or pale yellow.
Fung Prov. (Sheik Talha); Kordofan Prov.; White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol).
The plant is used as a febrifuge, especially in fevers after childbirth.
D. sessiliflora Harv.
Silvery cottony rigid herb, ab. 2 ft. high. Leaves narrow-elliptic, 3½-8 in. long. Capit. homog., sessile, on short lateral branches and terminal, solitary or few together in dense cymes; invol. bracts lanceolate with a sharp, pointed tip; fl. pale-yellow.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land, Abu Gurun).
573Hochstetteria Schimperi DC.
Tall, angular-branched herb. Leaves oval, with narrowly-winged petiole, ½-2 in. long, minutely crenate. Capit. homog.; pedunculate, terminal; invol. bracts spiny, lanceolate, subtended by shorter foliaceous bracts.
Red Sea Prov. (21°-22° N.L.).
D. Acaulescent herb. Capitula solitary on scapes, heterogamous; ray florets ligulate, female; disk florets bilabiate, hermaphrodite.
574Gerbera abyssinica Schultz Bip.
Cottony herb; leaves oval, sinuous denticulate, 1-4 in. long. Petiole up to 1 in. long. Scapes 1-3, up to 15 in. long, shaggy. Capit. ab. 1 in. long, ligules longer than invol.
Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).
E. Herbs, usually with milky sap. Capitula homogamous; florets all ligulate, hermaphrodite, or a few barren; ligule 5-toothed. Leaves alternate or radical.
575Scolymus maculatus Linn.
Coarse spinescent herb, 1-3 ft. high. Leaves alt., oblong, sinuous-pinnatifid, decurrent, 2-3 in. long; radical leaves spathulate, spinose dentate. Capit. yellow, sessile, terminal or lateral; invol. bracts linear-lanceolate, pointed; outer ligules black-pilose.
Kordofan Prov.
576Crepis Ruepellii Schultz Bip.
Small herb, up to 8 in. high. Leaves rosulate, oblanceolate, denticulate, ¾-4 in. long. Capit. yellow, in lax open cymes; inner invol. 8, lanceolate, glandular hairy.
Darfur Prov. (J. Marra 6,500-9,000 ft.).
577Lactuca taraxacifolia Schum. & Thonn. KINTARA (Khartoum)—Arab.
Glaucescent herb, 2-6 ft. high. Leaves saw-toothed, 6 in. long by 4 in. broad; stem-leaves amplexicaul, decurrent. Capit. yellow, 20 fl., in panicled racemose cymes; inner invol. bracts 5.
Red Sea Prov.; Khartoum & Fung Provinces.
L. goræensis Schultz Bip.
Erect glaucescent herb, 1-3 ft. high. Leaves pinnatifid, often saw-toothed, up to 8 by 4 in., amplexicaul, lowest decurrent. Capit. yellow in panicled racemose cymes; inner invol. bracts 8.
Kordofan Prov.
L. Schweinfurthii O. & H.
Herb, 5 ft. high. Leaves lanceolate or lanceolate-oblong, denticulate, up to 8 in. long, semi-amplexicaul. Capit. 5-flowered, in an elongated cyme; inner invol. bracts 5.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land).
L. capensis Thunb.
Glabrous herb, ½-2 ft. Leaves linear or oblong, the lower toothed-pinnatifid or entire, 3-5 in. long, the upper entire, amplexicaul-sagittate. Capit. white, yellow or blue, 11 fl., in panicled cymes.
Mongalla Prov. (Gondokoro); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).
L. abyssinica Fresen.
Robust glabrous herb, 3 ft. or more high. Lower leaves pinnatifid or sinuate-dentate, upper l. linear-lanceolate, amplexicaul-auricled, up to 6 in. long. Capit. violet, fl. 10-13, in elongated cymes.
Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, 6,500-9,000 ft.); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu-land & Niamniam-land).
L. virosa Linn.
Herb, 1-3 ft. high. Leaves obovate-oblong, toothed, sagittate-amplexicaul, 1-4 in. long. Capit. yellow, fl. ab. 11, in a spreading cyme.
Kordofan Prov.
L. sativa Linn. Lettuce.
Generally cultivated.
578Heterachæna massaviensis Fresen.
Branched annual, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves toothed or pinnatifid, auricled-amplexicaul, 1½-4½ in. long. Capit. blue, fl. 9-10, in panicled corymbose cymes.
Kassala Prov. (Gallabat).
579Picridium tingitanum Desf. MALOT, MALAITA (Gezira)—Arab; AMAGAK (Renk)—Dinka.
Erect annual, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves lanceolate to obovate, undivided or pinnatifid, denticulate, sessile, cordate, 1½-6 in. long. Capit. yellow, on long peduncles dilated at the top; invol. bracts broadly ovate.
Nubia; Blue Nile Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Renk); Darfur Prov. (Kulme & J. Marra).
580Sonchus oleraceus Linn.
Coarse annual, 1½-3 ft. high. Leaves oval or oblong, undivided, toothed or pinnatifid, 1-6 in. long, denticulate, upper ones sessile-amplexicaul. Capit. yellow, many-flowered, in corymbose cymes.
Nubia; Blue Nile Prov.
The roots and leaves are used, in infusion, as a tonic and febrifuge.
S. Bipontini Aschers.
Glabrous perennial; 2-4 ft. high. Leaves linear, denticulate, up to 6 in. long, auricled, sessile. Capit. yellow, fl. ab. 20, in corymbose cymes; inner invol. bracts ab. 8, linear, ultimately reflexed.
Khartoum Prov.; Fung Prov. (Singa); White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land); Bahr El Jebel (Sudd).
Is eaten as spinach.
S. cf. S. Bipontini Aschers. var. pinnatifida O. & H.
Darfur Prov.
S. cornutus Hochst.
Erect herb, ½-2 ft. high. Leaves crowded near the base, obovate, spathulate or pinnately-toothed, sessile, 1-8 in. long.
Capit. yellow, fl. 20-27, in lax cymes; inner invol. bracts 8-10, obtuse.
North Sudan (between Suakin & Berber); Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol, Wad Shellai).
S. prenanthoides O. & H.
Glaucous perennial, 1-3 ft. high. Leaves more crowded at the base, subentire, pinnatifid-dentate, lower ones amplexicaul, upper ones sessile, auricled. Capit. yellow, 20-25 flowered, cymose; inner invol. 5, scarious.
Kordofan Prov.
581Lobelia inconspicua Rich.
Dwarf annual, ½-1½ in. high. Leaves alt., small, oval to round. Fl. solitary, axillary, longer than leaves. Cor. 2-lipped, upper 2-lobed, lower 3-fid; st. 5, filaments united at top, 2 lower anthers bearded. Fruit a capsule.
Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit).
L. sp.
Herb, leafy towards the base. Leaves lanceolate, acute, 2 in. long, ¾ in. broad, serrate and densely ciliate. Flowers few, cymose. Calyx lobes ⅙ in. long.
Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L.).
L. sp. near L. senegalensis A. DC.
Much branched slender herb. Leaves narrowly lanceolate serrate, about 1 in. long, glabrous. Flowers on long slender pedicels, 1¼ in. in fruit. Calyx-lobes about 1/12 in. long.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).
L. trierarchi R. Good. sp. nov.
Herb. Leaves linear, denticulate, 1-1½ in. long, glabrous. Flowers few, lax, pale blue, ⅓ in. long. Calyx-lobes 1/12 in.
Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, 5,000-9,000 ft.).
582Lightfootia sp.
Erect, slender but rigid herb. Leaves lanceolate, with wavy denticulate margins, ⅔ in. long. Flowers shortly pedicellate. Fruit obconic, 1/10 in. long.
Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).
L. abyssinica Hochst.
Shrubby perennial, ab. 2 ft. high. Leaves alt., lanceolate, 1½-3 in. long. Fl. small, in narrow, cymose, branched panicles, 1 ft. or more long. Cor. deeply 5-lobed, ¼ in. long. Stamens 5, free, filaments dilated at base. Capsule subglobose, 5-ribbed.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).
583Wahlenbergia etbaica Vatke.
Annual, 10 in. high, hispid below. Leaves alternate, ovate-lanceolate, 2 in. long. Fl. small, white, terminal or lateral, distant. Cor. lobes 5, short and broad; stamens 5, free; capsules 5-valved.
Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, Soturba).
584Sphenoclea zeylanica Gærtn.
Glabrous annual, 1-4 ft. high; stem fleshy. Leaves alt., linear-lanceolate, 1-6 in. long. Fl. small, greenish-yellow, in dense bracteate spikes, 1-3 in. long; cor. campanulate, 3-lobed; anthers free; capsule depressed globose.
White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Upper White Nile Prov. (Kio); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Shambé, Niamniam-land: Atasilla River).
585Campanula dimorphantha Schwfth.
Pubescent annual, 6-9 in. high. Leaves alt., crenulate-dentate, ovate to linear-lanceolate, 1 in. long. Fl. dimorphic, fertile ones minute, apetalous, cymose, sterile ones solitary, ½ in. long; cor. blue; stigma 3-5-fid. Capsule crowned by persistent calyx lobes.
Nubia (Farek); Darfur Prov. (J. Marra).
C. rigidipila Steud. & Hochst.
Perennial herb, 6-12 in. long, with long rigid hairs. Leaves crowded, elliptic-lanceolate to obovate, ¼-1 in. long. Fl. blue, solitary and terminal, 5-merous, ab. ½ in. diam.; stigma 3-5-fid; capsule as above.
Darfur Prov. (J. Marra 6,500-9,000 ft.).
586Belmontia sp.
Tiny herb, 3 in. high. Leaves very small, opposite. Flowers on long stalks, white.
Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).
587Faroa pusilla Baker.
Dwarf herb, ab. 1½ in. high. Leaves elliptic to lanceolate, ¾-1 in. long, lower in a rosette, cauline opposite. Fl. minute, white, 4-merous, in dense terminal or axillary clusters. Capsule small, subglobose.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Gir).
588Enicostema littorale Blume.
Herb, 4-8 in. high. Leaves opp., linear or lanceolate, ¾-3 in. long, sessile. Fl. in axillary clusters along the stem, minute, 5-merous.
Nuba Mts. Prov. (towards Takale).
Possesses much bitterness and is used as a stomachic. It is also tonic and laxative.
589Canscora decussata Roem. & Schultes.
Erect herb with 4-winged stem. Leaves opp., lanceolate, ½ in. long. Cymes lax, terminal; cor. white or pale pink, small, lobes 4; stamens 4, 1 perfect. Capsule ¼-in. long.
Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land).
The plant is a laxative and alterative, much praised as a nervine tonic.
C. diffusa R. Br.
Erect herb with 4-angled stems, ½-2 ft. high, less robust than above. Leaves opp.; upper ovate, acute, short, lower narrowed to base, ⅓-1½ in. long. Fl. numerous, in a lax, cymose panicle; cor. pink, small; st. unequal. Capsule small.
Nubia; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu-land: Kuddu).
590Neurotheca loeselioides Oliv.
Small annual with 4-angled stem. Leaves opp., lower lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, ⅓-¾ in. long, upper linear to lanceolate, shorter. Fl. solitary, rarely 2, in each axil; calyx 8-ribbed, ⅙ in.; cor. pale blue, ab. ¼ in. long; lobes 4, short; st. 4, unequal. Capsules small.