[656] For the anatomy of P. potto, see Van der Hoeven and Van Campen (Ontleedkundige Onderzoek van den Potto van Bosman, 1859) for P. calabarensis, Huxley, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1864, p. 314.

[657] Storr, Prodromus Meth. Mamm. (1780).

[658] H. Burmeister, Beiträge zur nähreren Kenntniss der gattung Tarsius, 1846.

[659] Cuvier, “Table de Class.” in Leçons d’Anat. Comp. vol. i. (1800).

[660] It was first named Daubentonia by Geoffroy; but this name was withdrawn by its author in favour of Chiromys, as it had been previously given to a genus in the vegetable kingdom. This would not, however, constitute preoccupation according to the modern rules of nomenclature.

[661] R. Owen, “On the Aye-aye,” in Trans. Zool. Soc. 1862, vol. v. p. 33; W. Peters, “Ueber die Säugethiergattung Chiromys,” in Abhand. Königl. Akad. der Wissenschaften, Berlin, 1865, p. 79.

[662] One specimen has been seen with only three lower premolars.

[663] Article Ape, Encyclopædia Britannica, ninth edition.

[664] Illiger, Prodromus Syst. Mamm. et Avium, p. 71 (1811).

[665] Geoffroy, Ann. du Muséum, vol. xix. p. 120 (1812).

[666] Illiger, Prodromus Syst. Mamm. et Avium, p. 70 (1811).

[667] Geoffroy, Ann. du Muséum, vol. xix. p. 115 (1812).

[668] Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1849, p. 9. Amended from Ouakaria: Syn. Brachyurus; Spix, Sim. et Vesp. Brasil, p. 11 (1823). Preoccupied by Fischer, 1814.

[669] Geoffroy, Ann. du Muséum, vol. xix. p. 112 (1812).

[670] Kaup, Thierreich, vol i. p. 51 (1835).

[671] Spix, Sim. et Vesp. Brasil, p. 25 (1823).

[672] Geoffroy, Ann. du Muséum, vol. vii. p. 260 (1806).

[673] I. Geoffroy, Dict. Class. vol. xv. p. 443 (1829).

[674] Geoffrey, Ann. du Muséum, vol. xix. p. 106 (1812).

[675] Erxleben, Syst. Règne Animal, p. 44 (1777).

[676] Lacépède, “Nouv. tabl. méth.” (1799) in Mém. de l’Institut, vol. iii. p. 490 1801.

[677] “‘Mandrill’ seems to signify a ‘man-like Ape,’ the word ‘Drill’ or ‘Dril’ having been anciently employed in England to denote an Ape or Baboon. Thus in the fifth edition of Blount’s ‘Glossographia, or a dictionary interpreting the hard words of whatsoever language now used in our refined English tongue ... very useful for all such as desire to understand what they read,’ published in 1681, I find ‘Dril, a stonecutter’s tool wherewith he bores little holes in marble, etc. Also a large overgrown Ape and Baboon, so called.’ ‘Drill’ is used in the same sense in Charlton’s Onomasticon Zoicon, 1668. The singular etymology of the word given by Buffon seems hardly a probable one.”—Huxley’s Man’s Place in Nature, p. 10, 1863.

[678] I. Geoffroy, Arch. du Muséum, vol. ii. p. 576 (1841).

[679] I. Geoffroy, Voyage de Belanger, p. 66 (1834).

[680] Lacépède, Mém. de l’Institut, vol. iii. p. 450 (1801). Amended.

[681] Geoffroy, Ann. du Muséum, vol. xix. p. 97 (1812).

[682] Erxleben, Syst. Règne. Animal, p. 22 (1777).

[683] Or Colobinæ.

[684] Geoffroy, Ann. du Muséum, vol. xix. p. 90 (1812).

[685] F. Cuvier, Hist. Nat. des Mammifères (1821), “Semno-pithèque.”

[686] Separated generically by some writers as Rhinopithecus.

[687] Illiger, Prodromus Syst. Mamm. et Avium, p. 69 (1811).

[688] Wagner, Gelehrte Anzeigen, vol. viii. No. 38, p. 310 (1839).

[689] Depéret, Comptes Rendus, vol. cix. p. 982 (1889); see also Mém. Soc. Géol. France, “Palæontologie,” vol. i. (1890).

[690] Gervais, Comptes Rendus, vol. lxxiv. p. 1217 (1872).

[691] Scimmie Fossili Italiane, Boll. Comm. Geol. 1890.

[692] Illiger, Prodromus Syst. Mamm. et Avium, p. 67 (1811).

[693] Linn. Syst. Nat. 12th ed. vol. i. p. 34 (1766).

[694] A Malay word, signifying “Man of the Woods.”

[695] One skeleton in the Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons has five lumbar vertebræ, and has thus given rise to the statement that the number of vertebræ in the Orang is the same as in Man.

[696] I. Geoffroy, Comptes Rendus, vol. xxxiv. p. 84 (1852).

[697] De Blainville, Leçons Orales (1839). The Chimpanzees have been very generally described under the name of Troglodytes, but since this name is preoccupied for a genus of birds, it is incumbent to follow the strict rule, and adopt the name Anthropopithecus, although both the present writers have elsewhere expressed the opposite opinion.

[698] Lartet, Comptes Rendus, vol. xliii. p. 219 (1856).

[699] Mém. Soc. Géol. France, “Palæontologie,” vol. i. Mém. No. 1 (1890).

[700] Man’s Place in Nature, 1863, and Anatomy of Vertebrated Animals, 1871. See also the more recent investigations of Broca into the comparative structure of Man and the higher Apes, published mostly in the Revue d’Anthropologie.

[701] “On the Classification of the Varieties of the Human Species,” by W. H. Flower, Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, May 1885.

[702] The Malay of Blumenbach was a strange conglomeration of the then little known Australian, Papuan, and true Malay types.

[703] No one can have seen a group of Botocudos from Brazil or of natives of Tierra del Fuego without being struck by their markedly Mongolian external characteristics.