A Text-book of Veterinary Anatomy

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INTRODUCTION
OSTEOLOGY
The Skeleton		19
	Structure of Bones	20
	Development and Growth of Bone	22
	Composition and Physical Properties of Bone	23
	Descriptive Terms	23
	The Vertebral Column	24
	The Ribs and Costal Cartilages	25
	Costal Cartilages	26
	The Sternum	26
	The Thorax	27
	The Skull	27
	Bones of the Thoracic Limb	27
	Bones of the Pelvic Limb	29
Skeleton of the Horse		31
	Vertebral Column	31
	Ribs	43
	Sternum	45
	Bones of the Skull	47
	Cranium	47
	Face	57
	The Skull as a Whole	65
	The Cranial Cavity	69
	The Nasal Cavity	71
	The Paranasal Sinuses	72
	Bones of the Thoracic Limb	74
	Bones of the Pelvic Limb	92
Skeleton of the Ox		112
	Vertebral Column	112
	Ribs	114
	Sternum	115
	Bones of the Skull	115
	The Skull as a Whole	123
	Bones of the Thoracic Limb	127
	Bones of the Pelvic Limb	131
Skeleton of the Pig		136
	Vertebral Column	136
	Ribs	138
	Sternum	139
	Bones of the Skull	139
	The Skull as a Whole	144
	Bones of the Thoracic Limb	146
	Bones of the Pelvic Limb	148
Skeleton of the Dog		150
	Vertebral Column	150
	Ribs	153
	Sternum	153
	Bones of the Skull	153
	The Skull as a Whole	159
	Bones of the Thoracic Limb	162
	Bones of the Pelvic Limb	165

ARTHROLOGY
Synarthroses		169
Diarthroses		170
Amphiarthroses		172
Articulations of the Horse		172
	Joints and Ligaments of the Vertebræ	172
	Atlanto-occipital Articulation	176
	Costo-vertebral Articulations	177
	Costo-chondral Articulations	178
	Chondro-sternal Articulations	178
	Sternal Joints and Ligaments	178
	Articulations of the Skull	179
	Articulations of the Thoracic Limb	180
	Articulations of the Pelvic Limb	190
Articulations of the Ox, Pig, and Dog		203

THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM—MYOLOGY
The Muscles and Accessory Structures		211
Fasciæ and Muscles of the Horse		213
	Panniculus carnosus	213
	Fasciæ and Muscles of the Head	213
	Fasciæ and Muscles of the Neck	224
	Fasciæ and Muscles of the Back and Loins	235
	Fasciæ and Muscles of the Tail	238
	Muscles of the Thorax	240
	Muscles of the Abdomen	245
	Muscles of the Thoracic Limb	250
	Fasciæ and Muscles of the Pelvic Limb	273
Muscles of the Ox		295
Muscles of the Pig		311
Muscles of the Dog		318

SPLANCHNOLOGY—THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
Digestive System of the Horse		330
	The Mouth	330
	The Tongue	335
	The Teeth	338
	The Salivary Glands	346
	The Pharynx	348
	The Œsophagus	350
	The Abdominal Cavity	352
	The Peritoneum	353
	The Pelvic Cavity	354
	The Stomach	357
	The Small Intestine	360
	The Large Intestine	363
	The Pancreas	371
	The Liver	373
	The Spleen	377
	The Peritoneum	379
Digestive System of the Ox		382
Digestive System of the Sheep		405
Digestive System of the Pig		410
Digestive System of the Dog		423

THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
Respiratory System of the Horse		436
	The Nasal Cavity	436
	The Larynx	440
	The Trachea	448
	The Bronchi	450
	The Thoracic Cavity	450
	The Pleuræ	451
	The Lungs	453
The Thyroid Gland of the Horse		457
The Thymus of the Horse		458
Respiratory System of the Ox		458
Respiratory System of the Pig		464
Respiratory System of the Dog		466

THE UROGENITAL SYSTEM
Urinary Organs of the Horse		469
	The Kidneys	469
	The Ureters	475
	The Urinary Bladder	475
The Adrenal Bodies		477
Urinary Organs of the Ox		478
Urinary Organs of the Pig		481
Urinary Organs of the Dog		483

THE MALE GENITAL ORGANS
Male Genital Organs of the Horse		485
	The Testicles	485
	The Scrotum	487
	The Vas Deferens	488
	The Spermatic Cord	489
	The Tunica Vaginalis	489
	Descent of the Testicles	490
	The Vesiculæ Seminales	491
	The Prostate	493
	The Uterus Masculinus	493
	The Bulbo-urethral Glands	493
	The Penis	494
	The Prepuce	496
Male Genital Organs of the Ox		500
Male Genital Organs of the Pig		504
Male Genital Organs of the Dog		506

THE FEMALE GENITAL ORGANS
Genital Organs of the Mare		508
	The Ovaries	508
	The Uterine or Fallopian Tubes	511
	The Uterus	511
	The Vagina	514
	The Vulva	514
	The Urethra	515
	The Mammary Glands	516
Genital Organs of the Cow		517
Genital Organs of the Sow		521
Genital Organs of the Bitch		522

ANGIOLOGY
The Organs of Circulation		524
Blood-vascular System of the Horse		525
	The Pericardium	525
	The Heart	526
	The Pulmonary Artery	535
	The Systemic Arteries	535
	The Coronary Arteries	537
	The Brachiocephalic Trunk or Anterior Aorta	537
	Arteries of the Thoracic Limb	556
	Branches of the Thoracic Aorta	565
	Branches of the Abdominal Aorta	566
	Arteries of the Pelvic Limb	578
	The Veins	585
	The Pulmonary Veins	585
	The Systemic Veins	585
	The Anterior Vena Cava and its Tributaries	586
	The Posterior Vena Cava and its Tributaries	595
The Lymphatic System		599
	Lymphatic System of the Horse	600
	The Lymph Glands and Vessels of the Head and Neck	601
	The Lymph Glands and Vessels of the Thorax	603
	The Lymph Glands and Vessels of the Abdomen and Pelvis	604
	The Lymph Glands and Vessels of the Thoracic Limb	605
	The Lymph Glands and Vessels of the Pelvic Limb	606
The Fœtal Circulation		606
Blood-vascular System of the Ox		608
	The Pericardium and Heart	608
	The Arteries	609
	The Veins	621
Lymphatic System of the Ox		623
Circulatory System of the Pig		626
	The Pericardium and Heart	626
	The Arteries	627
	The Veins	630
	Lymphatic System of the Pig	630
Circulatory System of the Dog		632
	The Pericardium and Heart	632
	The Arteries	633
	The Veins	641
	Lymphatic System of the Dog	643

NEUROLOGY—THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
General Considerations		644
Nervous System of the Horse		648
	The Spinal Cord	648
	The Brain	652
	The Cranial Nerves	676
	The Spinal Nerves	692
Sympathetic Nervous System of the Horse		710
Nervous System of the Ox		715
Nervous System of the Pig		720
Nervous System of the Dog		724

ÆSTHESIOLOGY
The Sense Organs and Skin of the Horse		734
	The Eye	734
	The Ear	747
	The Skin	761
	The Olfactory and Gustatory Apparatus	772
The Sense Organs and Skin of the Ox		772
The Sense Organs and Integument of the Pig		777
The Sense Organs and Integument of the Dog		779

Index		783

CONTENTS