[1] Norrland means the provinces farthest north in Sweden.

[2] Clap-bread is a dark bread, large and round, almost as thin as paper, folded twice to make four layers, dry, and almost tasteless.

[3] Catechism party. At certain times each year the people of the parish gathered together to be examined by the parish minister in the catechism as a test of their ability to read, and a feast always followed.

[4] Christmas fish. Codfish or ling steeped in lye and eaten at Christmas time; it becomes very white and fluffy and is considered a special delicacy.

[5] In northern Norrland it is customary to salt coffee.

[6] Ladd-Pelle; pronounced Ladd-Pel’le. Ladd is the name of the particular kind of shoe that the man made; his name was Per, or Peter, from which comes the nickname Pelle; so, translated, he was called ‘Shoemaker Peter.’

[7] Kronhjort, pronounced Kroonyoort.

[8] Church-village is the largest village of the country parish, where the church of the parish is located.

[9] Scanian, a resident of Scania, the southernmost province of Sweden.

[10] One krona is about twenty-seven cents.

[11] Twenty-five öre = about seven cents.

[12] Swedish children have whole dairy farms of fir cones of different sizes, so a fir cone always means a new ‘cow’ to them.

[13] In Swedish A B C books, there is a picture of a rooster on the last page, and when a child has learned its lesson well, the rooster is said to crow, and certain it is that some reward is found between the pages afterwards, like a piece of candy or a cooky.

[14] Lemmings are a sort of Arctic wandering mice.

[15] Akkja is the Lappish word for a sort of sled drawn by reindeer, shaped like a boat, without runners of any kind, lined with furs and large enough for one person only.