Low, mostly evergreen perennials with branched rootstocks and petioled leaves; flowers nearly regular, white or pink; calyx 4—5-lobed; corolla deeply 4—5-parted or of 5 petals; stamens twice as many as the divisions of the corolla, anthers opening by pores or short slits; stigma 5-lobed.

Stems 4—10 inches high, 3—10 flowered. Leaves all basal, small, orbicular or broadly oval, mostly obtuse at both ends, sometimes narrowed at the base, thick, leathery, dull, obscurely crenulate or entire, ½—1 inch long, shorter than or equalling the petioles. Flowers greenish-white, nodding, slightly odorous, about half an inch broad; stamens and style declined, ascending; anther sacs short-beaked.

On dry wooded slopes throughout the Rockies; flowering during June.

Scape 6—12 inches high, 7—15-flowered. Leaves broadly oval or orbicular, dull, rather thick, obscurely crenulate, obtuse at both ends. Flowers frequently over half an inch broad; calyx lobes oblong or ovate-lanceolate, ¼—⅓ the length of the petals; style and stamens declined; anther sacs beaked.

In bogs throughout the Rockies, a very pretty species with bright rosy flowers and rounded leaves; flowering in July.

Stem 6—15 inches high, 7—15-flowered. Leaves reniform, usually wider than long, thick, shining above, obtuse at the apex, cordate at the base, crenulate, 1—1½ inches long, usually shorter than the narrowly margined petioles. Flowers ½—¾ of an inch broad, pink, nodding in a slender raceme 2—4 inches long; stamens and style declined, ascending; style exserted.

In damp ground, in woods and swamps throughout the Rockies; flowering in July.

Leaf blades thin, broadly oval or nearly orbicular, dark green, crenulate, obtuse but sometimes with a spine-tipped apex, rounded, slightly narrowed or subcordate at the base ½—1 inch long. Flowers pinkish, ¼ inch broad, nodding, in a close raceme; style straight included, stamens not inclined.

In damp mossy places throughout the region at the higher altitudes; flowering in July.

Stems generally several together, from the much branched rootstock, slender, 4—10 inches high. Leaves ovate or often oval, thin, acute or rarely obtuse at the apex, rounded or narrowed at the base, crenulate-serrate, ¾—2 inches long, longer than the petioles. Flowers greenish-white, ¼ of an inch or more broad, many, at first erect but soon drooping, in a dense one-sided raceme; style straight, exserted; stamens not declined.

Common in woods throughout the region at the lower altitudes; flowering during early July.

Stem bearing 1—3 pairs or whorls of leaves at the base, continued above into a bracted or naked scape 2—6 inches high. Leaves orbicular or ovate, obtuse at the apex, narrowed, rounded or sometimes subcordate at the base, rather thin, ¼—1 inch long, longer than or equalling the petioles. Flowers white, ½—¾ of an inch broad, nodding at the summit of the stem; petals spreading; capsule ¼ of an inch in diameter, about as long as the persistent style and lobed stigma; the stamens in pairs opposite each petal.

In mossy spots in the woods throughout the region; flowering in early July.

Stems extensively creeping, sending up both sterile and flowering branches 3—12 inches high. Leaves numerous, crowded near the summit of the stem, spatulate or cuneate-oblanceolate, obtuse or acutish at the apex, sharply serrate, bright green and shining, 1—2½ inches long, ¼—1 inch wide above the middle. Flowers several in an umbellate head, waxy white or pink, the form of the region being usually bright, rosy pink, ½ an inch or more broad, petals spreading with the rosy pink anthers opposite them in pairs; capsule about ¼ of an inch broad surmounted by the short style.

Locally abundant throughout the region; flowering during July.