[1] Blocks on pp. 112, 123, 152, 153, 166, 167, 168.

[2] Blocks on pp. 154, 169, 183, 276 to 278, 274 to 288.

[3] Blocks on pp. 150, 221.

[4] Blocks on pp. 39, 40, 45, 47.

[5] Blocks on pp. 119, 120, 131, 147.

[6] Blocks on pp. 27 to 36, 181, 185, 187, 189, 191, 259 to 269, 271 to 273, 283.

[7] Blocks on pp. 142.

[8] Blocks on pp. 147, 161.

[9] Blocks on pp. 104.

[10] Plate XXXIV.

[11] The fallacy that identity of language or of culture necessarily implies identity of race must be carefully guarded against.

[12] Μασσαλία πόλις τῆς Διγμστικῆς κατὰ τὴν κελτικήν (C. and T. Muellerus, Fragmenta Historicorum Græcorum, Paris, 1841, vol. i., p. 2, fragm. 22).

[13] Bk. ii., chap, xxxiii.; and Bk. iv., chap. xlix.

[14] De Generatione Animalium.

[15] De Legibus.

[16] C. Elton’s Origins of English History, p. 25.

[17] A. Bertrand and S. Reinach’s Les Celtes, p. 19.

[18] Ibid., p. 27.

[19] Prof. J. Rhys’ Celtic Britain, p. 2.

[20] C. Elton’s Origins of English History, p. 113.

[21] Les Celtes, p. 37; H. B. Walters’ Greek Art, p. 91; and Dr. A. S. Murray’s History of Greek Sculpture, vol. ii., p. 376.

[22] In the Museum of the Capitol at Rome; cast in the South Kensington Museum.

[23] Prof. Ernest Gardner’s Handbook of Greek Sculpture, pt. ii., p. 456; and A. Baumeister’s Denkmäler, p. 1237.

[24] At Venice.

[25] In the Louvre.

[26] A. de Caumont’s Abécédaire d’Archéologie (Ère Gallo-Romaine), Second edition, p. 194.

[27] S. Reinach’s Les Gaulois dans l’art antique.

[28] S. Reinach’s Les Celtes, p. 38.

[29] C. Elton’s Origins of English History, pp. 46 and 62, and Prof. W. Boyd Dawkins’ Early Man in Britain, pp. 417, 466, and 473.

[30] Rhind Lectures on the “Origins of Celtic Art,” Lecture II., as reported in the Scotsman for December 12th, 1895.

[31] S. Reinach’s Les Celtes, p. 49.

[32] The remains are fully described in Dr. F. Keller’s Lake-Dwellings; Dr. R. Munro’s Lake-Dwellings of Europe; E. Vouga’s Les Helvètes à la Tène; and Dr. Gross’ La Tène un Oppidum Helvète.

[33] With flame-like undulating-edges “so as to break the flesh all in pieces” (C. Elton’s Origins of English History, p. 116).

[34] A. Bertrand’s Archéologie Celtique et Gauloise, p. 356.

[35] E. Fourdriguier’s Double Sépulture Gauloise de la Gorge-Meillet.

[36] A. Bertrand’s Archéologie Celtique et Gauloise, pp. 328 to 347; see also L. Lindenschmit’s Die Alterthümer unserer heidnischen Vorzeit, Mainz, 1858, etc.

[37] Archéologie Celtique et Gauloise, p. 387.

[38] Archæological Journal, vol. lii., p. 342.

[39] Celtic Britain, p. 262.

[40] W. Boyd Dawkins’ Early Man in Britain, p. 267; and E. T. Stevens’ Flint Chips, p. 57.

[41] R. Burnard in Trans. of Plymouth Inst., 1895-6; and T. C. Peter in Jour. R. Inst. of Cornwall, No. 42.

[42] Reports of Dartmoor Exploration Committee in the Trans. of Devonshire Assoc. for Advancement of Science.

[43] Proc. Soc. Ant. Lond., ser 2, vol. xii., p. 258, and vol. xvii., p. 216.

[44] Boyd Dawkins’ Early Man in Britain, chapter ix.

[45] Petrie’s Hist. of Egypt, vol. i., p. 31. Article on “The Age of Bronze in Egypt,” in L’Anthropologie for January, 1890, translated in the Smithsonian Report for 1890, p. 499.

[46] Jour. of Hellenic Studies, vol. xii., p. 203.

[47] Early Man in Britain, p. 414.

[48] Matériaux pour l’histoire primitive de l’homme, pp. 108-113.

[49] The Industrial Arts of Denmark, p. 41.

[50] Dr. Arthur Evans’ review of Dr. Julius Naue’s Die Bronzezeit in Obayern in the Academy for April 27th, 1895.

[51] See J. J. A. Worsaae’s Danish Arts, p. 68.

[52] Archæologia, vol. xliii., p. 310.

[53] Greenwell’s British Barrows, p. 66.

[54] British Barrows, p. 84.

[55] Ibid., p. 94.

[56] Jour. Anthropolog. Inst., vol. xxxii., p. 373.

[57] British Barrows, p. 81.

[58] See map given by the Hon. J. Abercromby in the Jour. Anthropolog. Inst., vol. xxxii., pl. 24.

[59] Ll. Jewitt’s Grave-Mounds and their Contents, p. 108. Folkton, Yorkshire.

[60] Archæologia Cambrensis, 3rd ser., vol. xiv., p. 271; British Barrows, p. 70.

[61] Dr. J. Anderson’s Scotland in Pagan Times: Bronze and Stone Ages, p. 294.

[62] Prof. A. C. Haddon’s Evolution in Art, p. 87.

[63] Paul du Chatellier’s La Poterie aux Époques préhistorique et Gauloise, pl. 12, fig. 12.

[64] Sir W. Wylde’s Catal. Mus. R. I. A., p. 388.

[65] Early Man in Britain, p. 350; and British Museum Bronze Age Guide, p. 40.

[66] Archæologia Cambrensis, ser. 3, vol. xiv., p. 308.

[67] 5th ser., vol. vii., p. 41.

[68] Sir W. Wilde’s Catal. of Antiquities of Gold in Mus. R. I. A., p. 10.

[69] Dr. J. Anderson’s Scotland in Pagan Times: Bronze and Stone Ages, pp. 53, 55, and 56.

[70] Daniel Wilson’s Prehistoric Annals of Scotland.

[71] Bateman’s Ten Years’ Diggings, p. 25.

[72] Vol. xxx., p. 1.

[73] That is to say, the way of placing the centres of the spirals in relation to each other, and of determining how many S- or C-shaped curves should run to each centre.

[74] Mémoires de la Société Royale des Antiquaires du Nord, 1887, p. 259.

[75] Perrot and Chipiez’s Art in Primitive Greece, vol. i., p. 323.

[76] Flinders Petrie, Egyptian Decorative Art, p. 21.

[77] Ibid., p. 22.

[78] Prisse d’Avennes, Histoire de l’Art Egyptien après les Monuments.

[79] Flinders Petrie, Decorative Art in Egypt, p. 28.

[80] Journal of Hellenic Studies, vol. xii., p. 203.

[81] Jour. Brit. Archæol. Assoc., vol. 36, p. 146.

[82] Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. x., p. 62.

[83] Ibid., vol. vi., Appendix, p. 28.

[84] Ibid., vol. vi., Appendix, p. 27.

[85] Ibid., vol. xxix., p. 190.

[86] Cumb. and West. Ant. Soc. Trans., vol. xiii., p. 389.

[87] Archæol. Æliana, ser. 2, vol. x., p. 220.

[88] Jour. Brit. Archæol. Assoc., vol. xxxv., p. 18.

[89] A. P. Madsen’s Antiquités préhistoriques du Danemark.

[90] Schlieman’s Mycenæ, pp. 166, 167, 169, 264, and 265.

[91] As at Polden Hill, Somersetshire.

[92] As at Birdlip, Gloucestershire.

[93] As at cuttings near Bedford and between Denbigh and Corwen.

[94] As at Westhall, Suffolk.

[95] As at Mount Batten, near Plymouth.

[96] As at Hamdon Hill, Somersetshire.

[97] As at Hunsbury, near Northampton.

[98] As in deepening the Shannon, Thames, and Witham.

[99] As at Kirkby Thore, on the Eden, Westmoreland.

[100] As at Arras, Yorkshire.

[101] As at Mount Caburn, near Lewes.

[102] As at Settle, Yorkshire; Deepdale, Derbyshire; and Kent’s Cavern near Torquay.

[103] As at Great Chesters and Silchester.

[104] As at Glastonbury, Somersetshire.

[105] As at Lisnacroghera, Co. Antrim; Strokestown, Co. Roscommon; and Lochlee, Ayrshire.

[106] As on the Culbin Sands, Elginshire, where in 1827 a sportsman having lost his gunflint, found a splendid Late-Celtic bronze armlet, whilst seeking for another flint on the site of a Neolithic settlement covered with blown sand, except where denuded by the wind.

[107] As at Hoylake, in Cheshire, where the encroachment of the sea on the portion of the coast lying between the estuaries of the Dee and the Mersey washes out antiquities of every period from the submarine forest and the sandhills above it.

[108] A beautiful Late-Celtic bronze armlet was found at Stanhope, Peeblesshire, by the tenant of the farm, whilst searching for a rabbit, under a large flat stone on the hillside.

[109] As in the case of the hoard of gold objects of bullion value, amounting to £110, found at Shaw Hill, Peeblesshire, by a herd-boy who saw something glitter in the ground, and scraped out the torques and other relics with his foot.

[110] Memoirs of the Meeting of the British Archæological Institute held at York in 1846, p. 26.

[111] Greenwell’s British Barrows, p. 454.

[112] A Late-Celtic boar’s head of bronze was found at Liecheston, in Banffshire, in 1816 (see Dr. J. Anderson’s Scotland in Pagan Times: Iron Age, p. 117). Three little bronze figures of boars, from Hounslow, now in the British Museum, are illustrated in the Proc. Soc. Ant. Lond. (2nd ser., vol. iii., p. 90); and the splendid bronze shield from the Thames at Battersea, in the same collection, has a boar represented upon it (see Kemble’s Horæ Ferales, pl. 14). The boar also occurs on one of the Scotch symbol-bearing slabs at Knock-na-Gael, near Inverness (see Stuart’s Sculptured Stones of Scotland, vol. i., pl. 38). For a boar on a helmet, see account of Benty Grange tumulus on p. 67.

[113] Reliquary for 1897, p. 224; Proc. Soc. Ant. Lond., 2nd ser., vol. xvii., p. 119.

[114] A. Bertrand, Archéologie Celtique et Gauloise, 2nd ed., 1889, p. 356.

[115] E. Fourdrignier, Double Sépulture Gauloise de la Gorge-Meillet.

[116] British Barrows, p. 208, Nos. li. to liv. The results of the exploration are now in the British Museum. The bronze objects are engraved in Sir J. Evans’ Ancient Bronze Implements, pp. 387, 388, and 400.

[117] Reliquary, vol. ix., p. 180, and Ll. Jewitt’s Grave-Mounds and their Contents, pp. 237 and 263.

[118] Vol. ix., p. 189: letter read May 8th, 1788; and T. Bateman’s Vestiges of the Antiquities of Derbyshire, p. 24.

[119] Ten Years’ Diggings, p. 28.

[120] Bateman’s Vestiges of the Antiquities of Derbyshire, p. 76.

[121] Ll. Jewitt’s Grave-Mounds and their Contents, p. 258; and Archæologia, vol. lvi., p. 44.

[122] See John Bellows, in Trans. of Bristol and Gloucestershire Archæol. Soc., vol. v., p. 137. The objects found are now in the GloucesterMuseum.

[123] See J. Jope Rodgers in Archæol. Journ., vol. xxx., p. 267.

[124] See J. Spence Bate in Archæologia, vol. xl., p. 500.

[125] Sir J. Evans’ Ancient British Coins, pp. 72 and 106.

[126] Archæologia, vol. lii., p. 315.

[127] Dr. Arthur J. Evans’ third Rhind Lecture on the “Origins of Celtic Art,” as reported in the Scotsman, December 14th, 1895.

[128] Vol. xl. (1893).

[129] Ornamental weaving was, no doubt, practised. Although we have no absolute proof of this, the La Tène helmet from Gorge-Meillet (Marne), previously mentioned, has a sort of swastika pattern upon it, suggestive of a textile origin.

[130] At Lochlee and at Lochspouts, Ayrshire; Dowalton, Wigtownshire; and Hyndford, Lanarkshire (see Dr. R. Munro’s Lake-Dwellings of Scotland).

[131] Lisnacroghera and Craigywarren, Co. Antrim; Strokestown and Ardakillen, Co. Roscommon; Lagore, Co. Meath; and Ballinderry, Co. Westmeath (see Wood Martin’s Lake-Dwellings of Ireland).

[132] See Sir Henry Dryden in Associated Architectural Societies’ Reports, vol. xviii. (1885), p. 53.

[133] Engraved in the Archæologia, vol. lii., p. 762.

[134] Archæologia, vol. xlvi., p. 423.

[135] Memoirs of the Meeting of the Archæological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland at York in 1846, p. 88; Dr. J. C. Bruce’s Catalogue of the Antiquities at Alnwick, p. 38.

[136] As in Silchester. These have not been illustrated, but are to be seen in the Reading Museum.

[137] As in Æsica (Great Chesters) (Archæologia Æliana, 2nd ser., vol. xvii., p. xxviii.).

[138] As at Castle Newe, Aberdeenshire, and Grange of Conan, Forfarshire (see Dr. J. Anderson’s Scotland in Pagan Times: Iron Age, pp. 141 and 160).

[139] As at Okstrow and at Harray in Orkney (Ibid., pp. 219, 236).

[140] Gildas, xvii.; Bede’s Eccl. Hist., bk. i., chap. xiv.

[141] Prof. W. Boyd Dawkins’ Cave-Hunting, p. 106.

[142] Three miles south of Cartmel, on the shore of Morecambe Bay (Cave-Hunting, p. 125).

[143] A mile and a half north-east of Settle (Cave-Hunting, p. 81; and H. Eckroyd Smith in Trans. of Hist. Soc. of Lancashire and Cheshire, vol. for 1866, p. 199; and Roach Smith’s Collectanea Antiqua, vol. i., p. 67).

[144] Overlooking Giggleswick, one mile north-west of Settle.

[145] Between Kilnsey and Arncliffe, ten miles north-east of Settle (Proc. Geol. and Polytech. Soc. of W. Riding of Yorksh. for 1859, p. 45).

[146] A mile south-west of Buxton (Cave-Hunting, p. 126).

[147] Three miles south-east of Buxton (Derbyshire Archæol. Soc. Trans., vol. xiii., p. 196).

[148] Near Grindon, eight miles north-west of Ashbourne (Reliquary, vol. vi., p. 201, and Trans. Midland Sci. Assoc., 1864-5, p. 1).

[149] One mile north-west of Torquay. There is a fragment of pottery, with Late-Celtic ornament upon it, from Kent’s Cavern, in the British Museum.

[150] Archæologia, vol. xvi., p. 348.

[151] Ibid., vol. xxi., p. 39.

[152] Dr. J. Anderson’s Scotland in Pagan Times: Iron Age, p. 126.

[153] Shield (Archæologia, vol. xxiii., p. 96); helmet (in the British Museum); fibula (Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., 2nd ser., vol. xv., p. 191).

[154] Shield (Archæologia, vol. xxiii., p. 96); sword-sheath (J. C. Bruce’s Catal. of Alnwick Mus.); daggers (Kemble’s Horæ Ferales, pl. 17).

[155] Fibulæ (Illustrated Archæologist, vol. ii., p. 157).

[156] Sword-sheath (Archæologia, vol. xlv., p. 45).

[157] Celtic Britain, p. 25.

[158] Ibid., p. 35.

[159] A complete list of the finds as far as recorded is given in the Archæologia Cambrensis, 5th ser., vol. xiii., p. 321.

[160] In Deepdale.

[161] At Benty Grange, and on Middleton Moor.