CONTENTS

PAGE
General Introduction I xi
PART I. PLANT BIOLOGY
CHAPTER
I. No Two Plants or Parts are Alike P 1
II. The Struggle to Live P 4
III. Survival of the Fit P 7
IV. Plant Societies P 9
V. The Plant Body P 15
VI. Seeds and Germination P 20
VII. The Root—The Forms of Roots P 32
VIII. The Root—Function and Structure P 38
IX. The Stem—Kinds and Forms—Pruning P 49
X. The Stem—Its General Structure P 59
XI. Leaves—Form and Position P 73
XII. Leaves—Structure and Anatomy P 86
XIII. Leaves—Function or Work P 92
XIV. Dependent Plants P 106
XV. Winter and Dormant Buds P 111
XVI. Bud Propagation P 121
XVII. How Plants Climb P 129
XVIII. The Flower—Its Parts and Forms P 133
XIX. The Flower—Fertilization and Pollination P 144
XX. Flower-clusters P 155
XXI. Fruits P 163
XXII. Dispersal of Seeds P 172
XIII. Phenogams and Cryptogams P 176
XXIV. Studies in Cryptogams P 182
PART II. ANIMAL BIOLOGY
I. Introduction A 1
II. Protozoans A 10
III. Sponges A 17
IV. Polyps A 22
V. Echinoderms A 34
VI. Worms A 42
VII. Crustaceans A 51
VIII. Insects A 63
IX. Mollusks A 97
X. Fishes A 109
XI. Batrachians A 126
XII. Reptiles A 139
XIII. Birds A 150
XIV. Mammals A 184
PART III. HUMAN BIOLOGY
I. Introduction H 1
II. The Skin and Kidneys H 16
III. The Skeleton H 28
IV. The Muscles H 39
V. The Circulation H 51
VI. The Respiration H 70
VII. Food and Digestion H 89
VIII. The Nervous System H 117
IX. The Senses H 142
X. Bacteria and Sanitation H 158
General Index i