The North-Americans of Yesterday

WOODEN SEAL-DISH, HAIDA, NORTH-WEST COAST

INDEX

See also list of illustrations, page xv.

A
Abandoned works, meaning of, 348
Aboriginal dress, 126, 133
Adobe, 220;
brick, 234;
house, 195
Adoption, 366, 416
Adoratorio, 186
Alaska, peopled from S. and S.-E., 457
Albornoz, 136
Aleut houses, 216
Aleutian islands, when inhabited, 457
Aleuts, range of, 217
Algonquin, dress, 142;
records, 58
Alloy of gold and copper, 301
Alosaka, the, 179
Alphabet, Bureau of Ethnology, 36;
Cherokee, 52;
Sauk, 53
Amazon myth, 403
America, when peopled, 456
Amerind, a village dweller, 247;
definition of, 2;
literature, 30
Amerindian race composed of different elements, 457
Amerinds a stone-age people, 248
Amnesty, 370
Amusements, 308
Ancient fabrics, 108
Antiquity of man in America, evidences of, 434
Antiquity of Mayas, 242
Apaches and Navajos remaining behind, 440
Appendix, 461
Aqueduct, 339
Arch, 217, 242
Ardnainiq, tribe called, 407
Armour, 156, 255, 257
Arrow- and spear-heads, 263
Assembly place, 412
Astrology, reliance of Aztecs on, 373
Astronomical, knowledge, 183;
reckonings, 303;
station at Zuñi, 306;
stone, 182
Atlantis, 15
Atolli, 360
Authentic history, beginning of, 443
Awatuwi, ruins of, 179
Awl game, 320
Aztec, books, 73;
cannibal banquet, 371;
confederacy, 421, 423, 424;
descent, how reckoned, 423;
sculptures, 184;
states, government of, 423;
stone tools, 433;
towns, 238;
writing, 68, 69;
year, 306
B
Bag, sacred, 204
Baggattaway, 327
Baidar, 283
Baidarka, 283
Balance not known, 305
Ball games, 327
Baqati wheel, 317
Barábara, 217
Bark for rope-making, 126
Basket-drum, 92, 311
Basketry hats, 147, 148, 415
Basque, resemblance of language to Amerind, 32
Bathing, 386
Battle, costume, 357;
for a wife, 385;
of Wounded Knee, how begun, 445
Bayeta cloth, how used by Navajos, 131
Beads, wampum, 56
Beadwork, 153
Bear-mother carving, 164
Beckwourth, head chief of the Crows, 416
Bells, 292, 301, 302
Belts, 143
Bird box, 364;
spear, Eskimo, 268
Bird-stones, 175
Bison, disappearance of, 333;
possibility of domestication, 276
Black dye, 304
Blanket and basket designs symbolic, 58
Blanket-loom, 124, 131, 132
Blanket-making, 128, 133
Blanket-pole, 162
Blue dye, 304
Boats, 281;
Omaha, 284
Boiling-basket, 89
Bolas, 268
Bologna codex, 72
Books, of Chilan Balam, 82;
of the Mayas, 77, 82
Borgian codex, 69
Boundary lines, 410, 411
Bow and arrow, 249, 254, 256
Bow-drill, 254
Boxing, 326
Bronze tools, 299
Buffalo wool blankets, 159
Building methods, change of, 200, 350
Bunch-word, 32
Burial, 388
Burning pottery, 100
C
Cactus-fruit wine, 360
Cahokia mound, 342
Cajon, 220, 236
Cakchiquel year, 307
Calaveras skull, 434
Calculiform writing, 73, 186
Calendar, stick, 305;
stone, 181, 305
California houses, 215
Calumet, 364
Cannibal banquet, 371
Cannibalism, 368
Canoe, dugout, 282;
Haida, 164, 282
Captain David, 140
Captives, treatment of, 366
Card-playing, 320, 326
Carved panthers, 180
Carving, 162, 167, 169
Casa Grande, 200, 233, 234
Casas Grandes, 234
Casting metals, 301
Cause of North-American race homogeneity, 441
Cavate lodge, 220, 228;
plan and sections, 227
Cedar mats, 147
Cement, 303, 305
Cenoté, 370
Central-American arts, why superior, 439
Centre of culture, 431
Ceremonials, 320, 376, 381
Cérros trinchéras, 344
Chac-Mool, statue, 190
Chaco ruins, 230, 232
Chalchivitl, 136
Change in building methods, 200, 350
Cherokee, alphabet, 52;
syllabary, 52;
writing, 36
Chiefs, 416, 424;
civil, 418;
grades of, 424;
war, 418
Chief’s office hereditary in the gens, 424
Chilkat blanket, 452
Chimney, Puebloan, 226
Chinook jargon, 28
Chirimia, 311
Chiriqui, pottery, 104;
stools, 192
Chocolatl, 360
Cholula, Great Mound of, 350
Chultune, 288
Cigarette used, 363
Cire perdue process, 301
City of Refuge, 456
Civil and military branches often separate, 418
Civilised tribes, 358
Clan, 414;
crest, 166, 220;
privileges and obligations of, 419
Classification by stone implements impossible, 433
Cleanliness, 386
Cliff-dwellers, 176, 229
Codex, Bologna, 72;
Borgia, 69;
Cortesianus, 82;
Dresden, 82;
Mendoza, 72;
Peresianus, 76, 82;
Telleriano-Remensis, 72;
Troano, 82;
Vaticanus, 72
Coil-process pottery, 99, 104
Comalli, 360
Commerce, 375
Communal, buildings, 247;
living, 200, 247
Complementary days, 306
Confederacy, Aztec, 421, 423, 424;
Iroquois, 421, 425, 449
Conical cap, 148;
hat, 147
Continent peopled before glacial period, 432
Controversy, 383
Cooking-basket, 89
Copan, 242, 351
Copper, bells, 292;
bowlder, 288;
hardening, 299;
implements, 291;
mines, date of working, 290;
plates, 291;
working, 249, 288, 291, 301
Coppers, 162, 293
Corbel, arch, 242;
vault, 235, 237, 242
Cord, 126
Cord-marked pottery, 106
Coronado, error in tracing of route of, 453
Cortesianus codex, 82
Costume, 133 to 144, 367
Cotton, 128, 338
Cotton-padded armour, 259
Cotton weaving, 137
Council, 420;
general, 420;
of women, 420;
tribal, 420
Councillors, 416, 420
Counterfeiting, 49
“Counts back” of the Dakotas, 60, 377
Coureurs du Bois, 451
Covenant chain of the Iroquois, 352
Crest, 166
Crops, 333
Cross, the, 254;
in America, 63
Crotalus, 380
Cruciform tomb, 3, 384;
ground plan, 385
Cueitl, 138
Culture not evidence of relationship, 430
Cup-markings, 65
Cupped-stones, 65, 272
Curtains for doors, 205
D
Dagänowédä, 421
Daily life not bloody, 353
Dakota winter counts, 60
Dance, around a cedar tree, 315;
Ghost, 316;
Rain, 364;
Resurrection, 316;
Snake, 376;
Somaikoli, 318, 381, 454
Dancing, 376, 378, 381
Dead, disposal of, 388
Death-house, Natchez, 208
Death-masks in Amerindian pottery, 106, 171
Declaration of war, 366
Decoration of pottery, 99
Defensive, village, 346;
walls, 345
Deformity rare, 366
Degeneration of Yucatecs, 439
Descent, basis of, 419
Destruction of Amerinds by Gov. Kieft, 444
Details of Puebloan house architecture, 211
Dibble, 270
Dighton Rock, 45
Diseases introduced by whites, 229
Distinction between gens and clan, 419
Distribution of, arts, 439;
food, 354
Dog, harness, Eskimo, 278;
whip, 279
Dogs, 276
Dolls, 328
Doors, 205
Doorways, 228
Double-headed snake, 168, 392
Dramatic sense, 331
Dresden codex, 82
Dress, 143
Drill, 251, 252
Drums, 308
Dry-painting, 61, 387
Dugout canoe, 282
Dwarfs, races of, 405
Dwellings, 195
Dyes, 303, 304
E
Early advancement, 432
Earthenware burial casket, 105
Earth, iglu, 219;
lodge, 202
Earthworks, Cahokia mound, 342;
connected with agriculture, 338;
Etowah group, 337, 346;
foundations for houses, 338;
method of construction, 342;
Newark group, 346
East Mesa, 378
Effigy jars, 119
Eldorado myth, 403
Election of Aztec chief, 424
Election of chiefs, 418
Elephant mound, 334;
pipe, 172
Elephant’s trunks, 190
Elopement, 383
Emblem of peace, 364
Embroidery, 153
Enchanted mesa, 408
Eskimo, boots, 158;
cloak, 159;
clothing, 156, 158;
derivation of term, 32;
dog harness, 278;
drum, 313;
fuel, 275;
house, 217, 219, 221;
lamp, 169, 274;
language, 36;
light from lamp, 276;
not in Alaska 500 years back, 428;
southern range of, 273;
wick for lamp, 276
Estufa, not a sweat-house, 375
Etchings, rock-scratchings incorrectly called, 180
Eternal fires, 252
Etowah mound, 337, 346
F
Fabric-marked pottery, 109
Face decoration, 366
Farming, 336
Farm products, 247, 338
Feather, garments, 134, 137, 138;
mail, 134;
mantles, 138
Feather-work, method of making, 137
Feathered, horned serpent, 63
Fetich, of what consisting, 420
Fire-drill, 250, 252;
by friction, 368, 370;
eternal, 252
Firing pottery, 100
Five Nations (or Tribes), 212, 425
Flageolet, 308
Flax, 130
Flint Ridge, 264
Flood stories, 407, 408
Floods, 439
Flute, 308
Fondness for singing, 318
Football, Eskimo, 326
Foot-races, 323
Forbidden food, 373
Foreign influence, no, 247
Fort Ancient, 344
Fortifications, 344
Fraudulent implements, 49
Funeral, jars, 112;
urns, 190
Fur companies, methods of, 363
G
Gallantry, 387
Gallatin’s work, 20–26
Gambling, 323
Games, 320
Garments, primitive, 126
Garters, 133
Gauntlet, running the, 366
Genesis, myth of the Mokis, 403
Gens, 414;
basis of, 419;
definition of, 414;
privileges of, and obligations, 419
Gentes, 414
Gentile system, 414
Georgia costume, 141
Gesture language, 26
Ghost dance, 316, 399
Ghost-shirt, 156, 262
Gilded man, the myth of, 403
Glacial period, cause of, 435
Glaciation, duration of, 435;
extent of, in North America, 435
Glue, 303, 305
God-houses of the Huichols, 409
Gold, alloy, 301;
plating, 302
Government, 414
Governor’s palace, Uxmal, 244
Grass seeds for food, 358
Grave monuments, 166
Graves, 388;
stone box, 388
Grease feast, 162
Great Heads, 407
Great Mound of Cholula, 350
Great Spirit, no knowledge of a single, 375
Gukumatz, 397
H
Haida canoes, 164
Hair dressing, 150
Hall of Columns, 209, 246
Hano, establishment of village of, 22
Hard pottery, 100
Hardened copper, 299, 300
Harpoon, 267
Hawk bells, 292, 309
Head at Izamal, 191
Head chief, 416
Head roll for carrying, 153
Health, 356
Heat, debilitating to Amerinds, 439
Helmet, 260
Hereditary offices, 423–424
Hero-gods, 371, 396, 399, 401
Hiawatha, 393;
in Longfellow and Schoolcraft ranked as an Algonquin, 395
Hieratic languages, 29
Hill forts, 344
Hinuⁿ, God of Thunder, 364
History, linked with other races, 447
Hodenosaunee, 212
Hodenosote, 200, 210
Hollow square earthworks, 208
Homogeneity, 358
Hopewell cache, 264
Horse-racing, 323, 329
Hospitality, a law, 354, 447
House, column, 162;
of the dead, 208;
post, 162
Household utensils, 273
Houses on piles, 240
Hudson Bay Co., peaceful success of, 453
Huepilli, 140
Human flesh eaten, 367, 368
Hunt-the-button game, 324
Hut of the Great Sun, 208
I
Ideographic records, 48, 59
Iglu, 217
Iglugeak, 217
Ikonographic writing, 69
Ikonomatic, 48, 69
Imaginary animals, 174
Indian, corn, 358;
names, 395;
stocks or families, list of, 461;
tribes, list of, 465
Indio Triste, 184
Intercalation of days, 306;
denied, 306
Interkilling, 381
Internecine wars, 229, 427
Irish and Danes in Ancient America, 429
Irrigating, 333;
canals, 195, 333, 336
Iroquois, confederacy, 421, 425, 449;
costume, 140;
house, 198, 200, 210;
unsurpassed, 375
Israelite and Amerindian myths compared, 403
Itzamna, 401
Ixtlilxochitl, 443
Izamal, head at, 191
J
Jacal construction, 220, 236
Jargon, Chinook, 28
Joint tenements, 240
Jossakeed, 373
K
Kabinapek orchestra, 325
Kalopaling, 407
Karankawa, 34
Kashim, 216
Katcina, 47, 378
Kayak, 281, 283
Kishoni, 196
Kisi construction, 196
Kiva, 231, 232, 325, 350, 375, 412, 414
Knives, 269
Kwakiutl, house front, 239;
statues, 167
Kwokwuli, 405
L
Labna, palace of, 450
Labret, 355
Lacandon idol, 190
Lack of carving in the South-west, 181
Lacrosse, 327
Ladders, 197, 226
Lamp, 169, 274;
of Vancouver Island, 275;
wick, 276
Landa’s alphabet, 50;
legacy, 78
Language, classification, 17;
roots, 18, 25
Languages, number of, 20;
polysynthetic, 32
Laōlaxa costume, 406
Law of hospitality, 354, 447
League of the Iroquois, 421, 425, 449
Legends, 393, 403, 405
Leggings, 134, 143, 144, 148, 150
Lenapé houses, 206
Length of year calculated, 305
Limits of ancient inhabitants, 437
Linguistic map, 33
Long-house, 200, 210, 414
Loom, 124, 131, 132
Lost-Tribes-of-Israel theory, 53, 63, 401, 403, 429
Louisiana costume, 140
M
Main points of Iroquois organisation, 425
Maize, 358
Makah house, 213
Malignant sprites, 405
Man always the same, 315
Manatee pipe, 173
Mandan costume, 144
Manner of dying, 356
Mantle of fur, 137
Map, Central-American ruins, 436;
linguistic, 33;
Mexican ruins, 438
Masks, 165
Mats, 147
Maxtlatl, 136
Maya, alphabet, 50;
books, 77, 82;
buildings, ground plans, 238;
chronicles, 408;
chronology, 242, 307;
greatness, 242;
house, 246;
numeral system, 83;
numerals, 86;
paper, 77;
parchment, 77;
war and rain gods, 190;
week, 306;
writing, origin of, 78;
year, 306
Mealing stones, 194
Medicinal remedies, 373
Medicine-men, 371, 372
Mendoza codex, 72
Mesa Encantada, 408
Messiah, the, 399
Metates, 181, 191, 194, 272
Method of attaching arrow-heads, 265
Methods of the fur companies, 363
Metlatl, 272
Mexican, bronze tools, 299;
costume, 134, 136, 138;
hardened copper, 299;
houses, 238;
knowledge of metals, 299;
mining, 299
Mezcal, 360
Michabo, 396, 399, 401
Midē, society, 401;
songs, 58
Migration theory, 428
Milk not used, 360
Mining, 285;
by fire method, 285
Misconceptions of the Spaniards, 421
Mississippi valley, houses, 205;
pottery, 106
Mitla, 209, 246;
roof construction, 230
Mnemonic records, 48, 59
Moccasin, 134, 142, 145, 150, 159, 369
Modoc houses, 215
Moki, hair dressing, 150, 151;
house plan, 220;
loom, 130;
method of watering crops, 335;
putchkohu, 268, 270;
reservation, 447;
sacred blanket, 130;
throwing-stick, 268, 270;
women’s costume, 150
Monitor pipe, 171
Monolithic monuments, 186
Montezuma, legend of, 408;
rank of, 423
Moons computed to the year, 305
Morgan’s classification, 14
Mormon protective garment, 262
Mortar, 246, 272
Most widely spread stocks, 443
Mound foundations, 242
Moundbuilder pipes, 172, 174
Moundbuilders, lack of skill, 174
Mounds, 195, 206, 207, 342, 350;
builders of, 343
Murder, settlement of, 381
Musical, bow, 308, 451;
instruments, 308
Mustache, 154
Myths, 393, 403;
resemblances to those of Israelites, 403
N
Nahuatls, 443. See Mexican and Aztec
Names, derivation of, 386;
indicating totem, 420
Natchez temple, 207
Navajo, costume, 150;
dramatic sense, 331;
dry-painting, 61;
house, 199;
loom construction, 131, 132;
reservation, 445;
silversmiths, 294;
silver-work, 296;
songs the most primitive, 313;
summer and winter homes, 412;
women’s costume, 150
Navajos remained behind, 440
Nenenot tent, 219
Nets, 269
New-fire, 252, 368, 370;
Moki, 370
Newark group of earthworks, 346
Nicaragua costume, 140
Night attacks, 366
North growing warmer, 443
North-west coast, “coppers,” 293;
houses, 212, 241;
totem poles, 241
North-western tribes, costume, 144
Notched doorway, 213, 228
Numerals of the Mayas, 83, 86
O
Object of Aztec war, 368
Observatories, 183
Obsidian, mines, 264;
tools, 299
Octli, 360
Oglala roster, 387
Okeepa ceremony, 362, 378
Oldest people of Valley of Mexico, 443
Olmecas, 443
Omaha boat, 284
Only one kind of music, 314
Ontonagon bowlder, the, 289
Opinion, effect of, on civil chief, 416
Oraibi at night, 325
Organisation and government, 410, 414
Organisation of Iroquois confederacy, 425
Origin, migrations, and history, 428
Origin of Maya writing, 78
Ornamentation of Yucatec architecture, 191
Outlaws, 453, 455
P
Pai Ute Messiah, 399
Pai Utes, 303
Painting faces, 366
Palace of Palenque, 351
Palenque buildings, 244, 351, 404, Frontispiece;
transverse section of, 210
Palm-drill, 252, 368
Paper of the Mayas, 77
Parallelism of human development, 396
Patnish and his band, 455
Patolli, 322
Peace chiefs, 418;
envoys, 364
Penn’s dealings, 358
Peopling of America, 428
Peresianus codex, 76
Period of time since recession of ice, 441
Permanent houses, 195
Phonetic element in Mayan and Mexican writing, 71
Phonographic records of songs, 320
Photographs bad medicine, 381
Phratry, 414
Pictographs, painted, 42
Picture-writing, 39;
classified, 50
Piki (Moki bread), 377
Pima house, 199
Piñon nuts for food, 358
Pipe, 171;
of peace, 364;
stone, 375
Pisé, 220, 236
Platforms, 206
Plumaje, 134
Plum-stone game, 324
Pochotl, 360
Poet, 313
Pokagon, Simon, quoted, 449
Pole, sacred, of the Omahas, 204
Polygamy, 386
Polysynthetic languages, 32
Popol Vuh, 82, 397
Population, 177;
before glacial cold, 434
Portable houses, 195
Potlatch, 162
Pottery, area, 110;
burnished, 100;
cloisonné, 101;
coil made, 99;
decoration of, 99, 120, 122;
Eskimo knowledge of, 428;
glaze, 101;
invented, 98;
preparation of clay for, 99
Priest doctor, 371
Primitive, fabrics, 124;
garments, 126;
loom, 121
Pronunciation, 34
Protective, armour, 156;
medicine, 262
Protruding tongue, 166
Pueblo, 207
Puebloan, costume, 133, 151, 153;
ignorance of metals, 292;
use of term, 44
Pulque, 360
Pump-drill, 251, 254
Putchkohu, 268, 270
Pyramid, not a proper term, 343, 351;
of Cholula, 350;
of the Sun, 350
Q
Quarries, 264, 273
Quetzalcohuatl, 371, 396, 397
R
Rabbit-skin robe, 130
Rain dance, 364
Raised houses, 240
Rapidity of erosion after recession of ice, 441
Rations, issue of, 445
Rattles, 309
Rattlesnake, centre of distribution, 190;
designs, 188;
horned, 380;
species, 189;
venerated, 63
Recession of the sea, 437
Records of Tecpan, Atitlan, 82
Red Cloud’s census, 60
Red dye, 304
Red pipe-stone, 375
Red score, authenticity of, 390;
of the Lenapés, 46, 47, 390
Rehearsal, a, 317
Religion, 375
Religious feasts, 368
Remedies, medicinal, 373
Remedy for smallpox, 375
Repoussé method of working copper, 291
Resemblance to Asiatics, 457
Resemblances of Amerinds and Old World people, cause of, 432
Reservoirs, 195, 338
Resurrection dance, 316, 399
Right of asylum, 364
Roasting tray, 90
Rock, carving, 168;
peckings, 42, 168, 180
Roof construction, Mitla, 230;
Moki, 226
Rope-making, 126, 346
Round towers, 232
Ruins in Honduras and Nicaragua, 246
Running the gauntlet, 366
S
Sachems, duties of, 425
Sacred, bag, 204;
buffalo-cow skin, 204;
Moki blanket, 130;
pole, 204, 383;
structures, 208;
tent, 204, 208;
tipi, 204
Sacrifice, method of Aztec, 371;
of children, Aztec, 371
Sacrificial stone, 182
Sail of umiak, 284
Sauk alphabet, 53
Sealskin, bottles, 276;
floats, 267
Secret society, 414
Section of Yucatec building, 235
Seminole, costume, 154;
war, 445
Sequoia, 360
Sequoyah (George Gist) syllabary, 52
Seven cities myth, 403
Shamans, 371, 373, 408;
definition of, 372
Shell carvings, 174
Shields, 258
Shoshokoes, 8
Sign-language, 26
Sign of clan or gens membership, 420
Silversmith’s tools, 298
Silversmiths, Navajo, 294, 296;
Tlinkit, 296
Similarities between Amerind and European words, 25, 28
Singing, 312, 318;
in the night, 319
“Singing-girl,” statue, 188
Sīsul, 168, 392
Sitting Bull, 356, 451
Six Nations, 425
Skin armour, 260
Skull-cap, 147
Slab houses, 212
Sledge, 277
Smallpox remedy, 375
Smelting ore, 291
Smoking, 363
Snake dance, 376
Snow-house, 217;
iglu, 217;
knife, 217;
shoe, 280;
snake, 323
Soapstone quarries, 273, 286;
vessels, 273
Sod house, 217
Soft pottery, 99
Sokus Waiunats and the magic cup, 403
Somaikoli ceremony, 318, 381, 454
Songs of the Ghost dance, 316
Sorceress, 371
Sound writing, 69
Soyaita ceremony, see Somaikoli
Spades, 270
Spear- and arrow-heads, 263
Spindle, 126
Spinning, 128
Statue of the Sun, 350
Stelæ, Copan, 186
Stock names, how derived, 30
Stocks, 17
Stone, cutting, 300;
graves, 388;
implements as charms, 263;
statues in Georgia and Tennessee, 176
Stools of Chiriqui, 192
Story telling, 330
String-drill, 252
Sun priests of the Moki, 305
Superstition, 377
Swastika, 63, 458
Sweat, bath, 374;
house, 374
Syllabary, Cherokee, 52
Symbol of the peaceful council fire, 418
Symbolic writing, 69
T
Tablet of the, Cross, 184;
Sun, 186
Tablets, Maya, 184
Taensa house, 208
Tambourine-drum, 308, 313
Taos, 3, 234
Tattooing, 56
Tchungkee game, 328
Tecumseh, 449
Tegua (moccasin), 134
Telleriano-Remensis Codex, 72
Temple, of the Cross, 184, 190, 244;
of the Natchez, 207;
of the Sun, Frontispiece, 186;
of Tepoztlan, 242, 391;
of Xochicalco, 23, 31, 242
Temples, 350
Temporary house, 195
Tennis, 328
Teocalli, Frontispiece, 391
Tepehuaje, 311
Teponaztli, 312
Tepoztlan, temple of, 242, 391
Terms for describing stone weapons, 263
Terra-cotta, figures, 112, 113, 115;
tubing, 116, 117
Tetzontli, 350
Tewa, village of, when established, 22
Thought writing, 69
Thread, 126, 138
Throwing-stick of Mokis, 267, 268
Thunder-bird, 167, 342, 393
Tilmatli, 136
Time calculations, 305
Tipi, 195, 198, 200, 204;
construction, 200;
decoration, 202;
derivation of, 200;
sacred, of the Omahas, 204
Tiste, 360
Tlaloc, 396
Tlapan-huehuetl, 311
Tlaxcala, not a Mexican Switzerland, 423
Tlaxcalteco organisation, 424
Tlinkit silversmith, 296
Tobacco, 28, 363;
pipe, 171, 363, 364
Toboggan, 279
Toltecs, 443
Tongue in Amerindian carving, 166
Tools, 249
Topek, 219
Tortillas, 360
Totem, and totemism, 386;
poles, 162, 386
Totems, where chosen, 420
Totolospi game, 322
Towers, round, 232
Tozacatl, 311
Traditions, 393
Traits, 354
Translation of picture-writing by Mormons, 63
Transportation, 276
Triangular arch, 242
Tribal, chief, 416;
organisation, 414
Tribes, change building methods, 350;
exterminated, 445
Troano Codex, 82
True arch, 217
Tupek, 219
Turf house, 217
Turtleback flints, 261
U
Umiak, 157, 282, 283;
sail, 284
Unity of all music, 314
Unseen ruins, 246
Utahs, costume of 1776, 141
V
Value of a “copper,” 297
Variation in culture, 178
Vase from Labna, 74
Vatican Codex, 72
Veils, 138
Vicuna in Arizona, 130, 276
Village dweller, 8
Villages, location of, 412;
permanent, 228
Virgin copper, 301
Votan, 397
Votive stones, 188
W
Walamink, or Place of Paint, 304
Wālasaxa dance, 359
Wall, steps on, Moki, 222, 224
Walls, Moki, 226
Walam Olum, 47, 390
Wampum, 55, 143, 418;
belt, 418
War, 8, 366, 445;
belt of Iroquois, 418;
bonnet, 145, 156, 266;
chief’s office hereditary in the tribe, 424;
chiefs, 418, 424;
costume, 156, 357, 442;
declaration of, 418;
infrequent, 366;
object of, with Aztecs, 368;
Seminole, 445;
shirt, 262
Water-pocket, 405
Waterproof, boots, 159;
garment, 159
Weaving, 126, 128, 137, 141, 147
Weighing, 305
Whalebone dish, 96
Whip, of Eskimos, 279;
top, 328
Whisky, 360, 361
Whistles, 308, 310
White, brutality, 445;
buffalo-cow skin, sacred, 204;
men as chiefs, 416
Wicker-work, in house construction, 234, 236;
plastered, 236
Wigwam, 200, 204
Wikiup, 195
Wilson, Jack, the Pai Ute Messiah, 399
Windows, 228, 242
Wine, from cactus fruit, 360
Winter counts, Dakota, 60, 377
Wolf-killer, 267
Wooden, house, 195;
walls in ancient Puebloan construction, 236
Woonupits, 320, 405
Wrecks of Japanese vessels on Pacific coast, 429
X
Xicalancas, 443
Xochicalco, temple of, 23, 31, 242
Y
Yant, 358
Yellow dye, 304
Yokuts houses, 215
Yourt, 216
Yucatec, buildings, ground plans, 238;
stone, 242
Z
Zahcab, 238, 288
Zoötheism, 375