PAGE CORD.
Small twine with which the pages are tied round, to secure them temporarily till they are imposed. Small net twine is the best, as being stronger and more uniform in thickness than any other cord that I have seen used for the purpose.
PAGE PAPER.
Stout paper cut up to the proper size, on which to place pages, till they are wanted to be imposed.
The wrappers that come round bundles of paper are generally used, for which the compositor applies to the warehouseman, who when he has no wrappers, gives some of the stoutest waste paper that he has; when it is not strong enough single the compositor uses it double. Page papers are cut longer than a page of the work they are for, and should be about an inch and a half broader than the width of the page and turned up to the sides of it, so that when the compositor has occasion to move his pages, he takes hold of both sides with one hand including the sides of the page paper which supports the bottom of the page.
Except the page papers be very stout, it would be running a risk to place large quarto pages on them: in this case it will be better to keep them on slices.
PALE COLOUR.
If there be not Blacking enough in the ink, or the form be beaten with too lean balls, the work will be said to have a Pale Colour.—M. The term is now applied only when there is a deficiency of ink, so that the surface of the paper is not completely covered on the impression of the types.
PAMPHLET.
Any work that does not exceed five sheets in octavo is termed a pamphlet, and is paid something extra for at case, as a compensation to the compositor for making up the letter and furniture without having any return of either; the whole being generally put in chase. See Scale of Prices.
PAMPHLETS.
Act 60 Geo. 3. c. 9.—To subject certain Publications to the Duties of Stamps upon Newspapers, and to make other Regulations for restraining the Abuses arising from the Publication of Blasphemous and Seditious Libels.
First recites, that Pamphlets and printed Papers containing Observations upon Public Events and Occurrences, tending to excite Hatred and Contempt of the Government and Constitution of these Realms as by Law established, and also vilifying our Holy Religion, have lately been published in great Numbers, and at very small Prices; and it is expedient that the same should be restrained, and enacts;
s. 1. That all Pamphlets and Papers containing any Public News, Intelligence, or Occurrences, or any Remarks or Observations thereon, or upon any Matter in Church or State, printed in any Part of the United Kingdom for Sale, and published periodically, or in Parts or Numbers, at Intervals not exceeding Twenty-six Days between the Publication of any Two such Pamphlets or Papers, Parts or Numbers, where any of the said Pamphlets or Papers, Parts or Numbers respectively, shall not exceed Two Sheets, or shall be published for Sale for a less Sum than Sixpence, exclusive of the Duty by this Act imposed thereon, shall be deemed and taken to be Newspapers within the true Intent and Meaning of several other Acts of Parliament now in force relating to Newspapers; and be subject to such and the same Duties of Stamps, with such and the same Allowances and Discounts, as Newspapers printed in Great Britain and Ireland respectively now are subject unto under and by virtue of the said recited Acts of Parliament, and shall be printed, published, and distributed under and subject to all such and the like Rules, Regulations, Restrictions, Provisions, Penalties, and Forfeitures, as are contained in the said recited Acts, or either of them.
s. 2. That no Quantity of Paper less than a Quantity equal to Twenty-one Inches in Length and Seventeen Inches in Breadth, in whatever Way or Form the same may be made, or may be divided into Leaves, or in whatever Way the same may be printed, shall be deemed or taken to be a Sheet of Paper within the Meaning and for the Purposes of this Act.
s. 3. That no Cover or Blank Leaf, or any other Leaf upon which any Advertisement or other Notice shall be printed, shall, for the Purposes of this Act, be deemed or taken to be a Part of any such Pamphlet, Paper, Part, or Number aforesaid.
s. 4. That all Pamphlets and Papers containing any Public News, Intelligence, or Occurrences, or any such Remarks or Observations as aforesaid, printed for Sale, and published periodically, or in Parts or Numbers, at Intervals exceeding Twenty-six Days between any Two such Pamphlets or Papers, Parts or Numbers, and which said Pamphlets, Papers, Parts or Numbers respectively, shall not exceed Two Sheets, or which shall be published for Sale at a less Price than Sixpence, shall be first published on the First Day of every Calendar Month, or within Two Days before or after that Day, and at no other Time; and that if any Person or Persons shall first publish or cause to be published any such Pamphlet, Paper, Part, or Number aforesaid, on any other Day or Time, he or they shall forfeit for every such Offence the Sum of Twenty Pounds.
s. 5. That upon every Pamphlet or Paper containing any Public News, Intelligence, or Occurrences, or any Remarks or Observations thereon, or upon any Matter in Church or State, printed in any Part of the United Kingdom for Sale, and published periodically, or in Parts or Numbers, at Intervals not exceeding Twenty-six Days between the Publication of any Two such Pamphlets or Papers, Parts, or Numbers, and upon every Part or Number thereof shall be printed the full Price at which every such Pamphlet, Paper, Part, or Number shall be published for Sale, and also the Day on which the same is first published; and if any Person shall publish any such Pamphlet, Paper, Part or Number, without the said Price and Day being printed thereon, or if any Person shall at any Time within Two Months after the Day of Publication printed thereon as aforesaid sell or expose to sale any such Pamphlet, Paper, Part, or Number, or any Portion or Part of such Pamphlet, Paper, Part, or Number, upon which the Price so printed as aforesaid shall be Sixpence, or above that Sum, for a less Price than the Sum of Sixpence, every such Person shall for every such Offence forfeit and pay the Sum of Twenty Pounds.
s. 6. Provided always, That nothing in this Act shall extend or be construed to extend to subject any Person publishing any Pamphlet or Paper to any Penalty for any Allowance in Price made by the Person for whom and on whose Behalf, and for whose Profit, Benefit, or Advantage, the same shall have been first published, to any Bookseller, or Distributor, or other Person to whom the same shall be sold for the Purpose of retailing the same.
s. 7. That all Pamphlets and Papers which are by this Act declared to be subject to the Stamp Duties upon Newspapers, shall be freed and discharged from all the Stamp Duties and Regulations contained in any Act of Parliament relating to Pamphlets.
s. 8. That no Person, from and after Thirty Days after the passing of this Act, shall print or publish for Sale, any Newspaper, or any Pamphlet or other Paper containing any Public News, Intelligence, or Occurrences, or any Remarks or Observations thereon, or upon any Matter in Church or State, which shall not exceed Two Sheets, or which shall be published for Sale at a less Price than Sixpence, until he or she shall have entered into a Recognizance, in the Sum of Three hundred Pounds, if such Newspaper, Pamphlet, or Paper shall be printed in London or within Twenty Miles thereof, and in the Sum of Two hundred Pounds, if such Newspaper, &c. shall be printed elsewhere in the United Kingdom, and his or her Sureties in a like Sum in the Whole, conditioned that such Printer or Publisher shall pay to his Majesty, his Heirs and Successors, every such Fine or Penalty as may at any Time be imposed upon or adjudged against him or her, by reason of any Conviction for printing or publishing any blasphemous or seditious Libel, at any Time after the entering into such Recognizance or executing such Bond; and that every Person who shall print or first publish any such Newspaper, Pamphlet, or other Paper, without having entered into such Recognizance, or executed and delivered such Bond with such Sureties as aforesaid, shall, for every such Offence, forfeit the Sum of Twenty Pounds.
s. 9. If Sureties pay any Part of the Money for which they are bound, or become Bankrupt, new Recognizance or Bond with Sureties must be given.
s. 10. Provided Sureties may withdraw from Recognizance upon giving Notice, and new Recognizance to be entered into.
s. 11. Bonds not to be subject to Stamp Duty.
s. 12. Lists of Recognizances and Bonds taken, to be transmitted to Commissioners of Stamps in England, Scotland, and Ireland, respectively.
s. 13. And whereas the Printer or Publisher of any Newspaper, and of any Pamphlet and Paper hereby enacted to be deemed and taken to be a Newspaper, will, after the passing of this Act, be bound under and by virtue of the Provisions contained in the said Acts made and passed in the Thirty-eighth and Fifty-fifth Years of his Majesty’s Reign respectively, to deliver to the Commissioners of Stamps in Great Britain and Ireland respectively, or some Distributor of Stamps or other Officer, on the Day on which the same is published, or within a certain Time afterwards, One of the Newspapers, Pamphlets, or Papers so published, signed as in the said Acts is respectively directed: And whereas it is expedient that the same or similar Provisions and Regulations should extend and be applied to all Pamphlets and Papers, whether published periodically or not, and which shall contain any Public News, Intelligence, or Occurrence, or any Remarks or Observations thereon, or upon any Matter in Church or State, and which shall not exceed Two Sheets as aforesaid, or which shall be published for Sale at a less Price than Sixpence; be it therefore enacted, That from and after Ten Days after the passing of this Act, the Printer or Publisher of any Pamphlet or other Paper for Sale, containing any Public News, Intelligence, or Occurrences, or any Remarks or Observations thereon, or on any Matter in Church or State, shall, upon every Day upon which the same shall be published, or within Six Days after, deliver to the Commissioners of Stamps for Great Britain and Ireland respectively, at their Head Offices, or to some Distributor or Officer to be appointed by them to receive the same, and whom they are hereby required to appoint for that Purpose, one of the Pamphlets or Papers so published upon each such Day, signed by the Printer or Publisher thereof, in his Hand-writing, with his Name and Place of Abode; and the same shall be carefully kept by the said Commissioners, or such Distributor or Officer as aforesaid, in such Manner as the said Commissioners shall direct; and such Printer or Publisher shall be entitled to demand and receive from the Commissioners, or such Distributor or Officer, the Amount of the Retail Price of such Pamphlet or Paper so delivered; and in every Case in which the Printer and Publisher of such Pamphlet or Paper shall neglect to deliver One such Pamphlet or Paper in the Manner herein-before directed, such Printer and Publisher shall, for every such Neglect respectively, forfeit and lose the Sum of One hundred Pounds.
s. 14. Provided always, That in case the said Commissioners, or such Distributor or Officer aforesaid, shall refuse to receive or pay for any Copy of such Pamphlet or Paper offered to be delivered to them or him as aforesaid, for or on account of the same not being within the true Intent and Meaning of this Act, such Commissioners, Distributor, or Officer shall, if required so to do, give and deliver to such Printer or Publisher a Certificate in Writing, that a Copy of such Pamphlet or Paper had been by him duly offered to be delivered; and such Printer or Publisher shall thereupon be freed and discharged from any Penalty for not having delivered such Copy as aforesaid.
s. 15. That if any Person shall sell or expose to sale any Pamphlet or other Paper not being duly stamped, if required to be stamped, such Person shall, for every such Offence, forfeit the Sum of Twenty Pounds.
s. 16. That it shall be lawful for any of his Majesty’s Courts of Record at Westminster or Dublin or of Great Session in Wales, or any Judge thereof respectively, or for any Court of Quarter or General Sessions of the Peace, or for any Justice of the Peace before whom any Person charged with having printed or published any blasphemous, seditious, or malicious Libel, shall be brought for the Purpose of giving Bail upon such Charge, to make it a Part of the Condition of the Recognizance to be entered into by such Person and his or her Bail, that the Person so charged shall be of good Behaviour during the Continuance of such Recognizance.
s. 17. Recovery of Penalties. Provided always, that no larger Amount in the Whole than One hundred Pounds shall be recoverable or recovered before any Justices of the Peace, for any such Penalties incurred in any One Day; any Thing in this Act or any other Acts of Parliament contained to the contrary notwithstanding.
s. 18. Two or more Justices to determine Offences, and may mitigate Penalties.
s. 19. Penalty on Persons summoned as Witnesses not appearing, &c.
ss. 20. to 25. Relate to the Forms of Conviction, commencing Actions for Penalties, Management of the Duties, Allowance of Discounts, &c.
s. 26. That nothing in this Act shall extend to Acts of Parliament, Proclamations, Orders of Council, Forms of Prayer and Thanksgiving, and Acts of State, ordered to be printed by his Majesty, his Heirs or Successors, or his or their sufficient and authorised Officer; or to any printed Votes or other Matters by Order of either House of Parliament; or to Books commonly used in the Schools of Great Britain or Ireland, or Books or Papers containing only Matters of Devotion, Piety, or Charity; or Daily Accounts; or Bills of Goods imported and exported; or Warrants or Certificates for the Delivery of Goods; and the Weekly Bills of Mortality; or to Papers containing any Lists of Prices current, or of the State of the Markets, or any Account of the Arrival, Sailing, or other Circumstances relating to Merchant Ships or Vessels; or of any other Matter wholly of a Commercial Nature; provided such Bills, Lists, or Accounts do not contain any other Matter than what hath been usually comprised therein; or to the Printers or Publishers of the foregoing Matters, or any or either of them.
s. 27. That nothing in this Act contained shall extend or be construed to extend to charge with Stamp Duties any Work re-printed and re-published in Parts or Numbers, whether such Work shall be wholly re-printed or shall be re-published in an abridged Form; provided that the Work so re-printed and re-published shall have been first printed and published Two Years at the least previous to such Re-printing and Re-publication, and provided the said Work was not first published in Parts or Numbers.
This act was repealed by 6 & 7 Will. 4. c. 76. as far as relates to newspapers, advertisements, and stamps. See Blasphemous Libels. Newspaper Postage. Publications, Periodical.
Pamphlets. (Ireland.) 43 Geo. 3. c. 21. s. 45. “And, for the better collecting and securing the Duties hereby charged on Pamphlets, be it further enacted, That One printed Copy of every Pamphlet which shall be printed or published within the City of Dublin, shall, within the Space of six Days after the printing thereof, be brought to the said Head Office in Dublin, and the Title thereof, with the Number of Sheets contained therein, and the Duty hereby charged thereon, shall be registered or entered in a Book, to be there kept for that Purpose; which Duty shall be thereupon paid to the proper Officer or Officers appointed to receive the same, or his or their Deputy or Clerk, who shall thereupon give a Receipt for the same on such printed Copy, to denote the Payment of the Duty hereby charged on such Pamphlet; and that One printed Copy of every such Pamphlet that shall be printed or published in any Place in Ireland, not being within the City of Dublin, shall, within the Space of fourteen Days after the printing thereof, be brought to some Head Distributor or Collector of the Stamp Duties, who is hereby required forthwith to enter the Title thereof, with the Number of Sheets contained therein, and the Duty hereby charged thereon, in a Book to be by him kept for that Purpose, which Duty shall be thereupon paid to such Distributor or Collector, who shall give a Receipt for the same on such printed Copy.
s. 46. “And be it further enacted, That if any such Pamphlet shall be printed or published as aforesaid, and the Duty hereby charged thereon shall not be duly paid as aforesaid within the respective Times aforesaid, then the Printer or Publisher, and all and every other Person or Persons concerned in and about the printing or publishing of such Pamphlet, shall, for every such Offence, forfeit the Sum of One hundred Pounds; and the Author, Printer, and Publisher of such Pamphlet, shall forfeit and lose all Copy Right therein.
s. 47. “And be it further enacted, That on the Trials of Actions, Informations, or Suits, for Recovery of the aforesaid Penalty for Nonpayment of the aforesaid Duty, within the respective Times aforesaid, the Proof of the Payment of the said Duty shall lie upon the Printer or Publisher of such Pamphlet.”
SCHEDULE (D).
“For every Pamphlet or Paper, not exceeding Six Sheets in Octavo, or in a lesser Page, and not exceeding Twelve Sheets in Quarto, or Twenty Sheets in Folio, a Duty after the Rate of Two Shillings for every Sheet of any Kind of Paper contained in one printed Copy or Impression thereof.”
55 Geo. 3. c. 80., which re-enacts these sections, was repealed by 6 & 7 Will. 4. c. 76. as far as relates to Newspapers, Advertisements, and Stamps.
47 Geo. 3. c 50. sess. 1.
SCHEDULE (B).
“For every Pamphlet or Paper not exceeding Six Sheets in Octavo, or in a lesser Page, and not exceeding Twelve Sheets in Quarto, or Twenty Sheets in Folio, for every Sheet of any Kind of Paper contained in One printed Copy or Impression thereof, a Duty of 2s.
“The foregoing Duty on Advertisements and Pamphlets does not extend to Advertisements respecting Hospitals, Forms of Prayer and Thanksgiving, printed Votes and Proceedings in Parliament, School Books, or Books of Devotion or Piety.”
56 Geo. 3. c. 56., which re-enacts this Duty, was repealed by 6 & 7 Will. 4. c. 76. as far as relates to Newspapers, Advertisements, and Stamps.
PAPER.
The quality of paper is of great consequence in printing; but it is too frequently overlooked by all parties.
Every pressman of common attention perceives a material difference in the process of bringing off a sharp impression, according to the quality of the paper that he uses. When he meets with a hard-sized harsh paper, bleached with acid, it requires more than common care to make his work look well—to make it good, it frequently defies his utmost abilities—to preserve its first appearance is impossible, as the acid in the paper decomposes the ink.
It is to be regretted, that there is hardly any paper made at the present time but what is more or less bleached with acid, to the deterioration of its quality. The study of the paper maker is to produce stout and viewly paper at a low price; and this he does by using inferior rags bleached by acid; by adding a great proportion of gypsum, in some instances one seventh of its weight, in others one eighth; and frequently of whiting made from lime: he will thus produce a paper weighing sixteen or seventeen pounds a ream, that will feel as stout and look as viewly as an honest-made paper from good rags that will weigh about twenty-two pounds. To the publishers of cheap books, and of ephemeral productions, the price of paper is an important object; but no work of value ought to be printed on such an article, as it cannot be durable, nor will it bear much use, becoming tender with age, and breaking by turning over the leaves.
The origin of this viewly, inferior, perishable paper, was in consequence of the alteration of the duty on paper paid by the maker, from size to weight.
These evils are, however, in a fair way of being rectified. The paper makers of the present day are exerting their abilities to manufacture an article which, with all the beauty and fineness that are held so requisite, should be free from the evils which have of late years accompanied these qualities. Great improvements have already resulted from their endeavours; and one of the foremost in this praiseworthy competition is the house of Messrs. John Dickinson and Co., who have succeeded in manufacturing a paper of great fineness and beauty, and free from the imperfections of which we have had to complain.
The Rev. William Beloe, in his Anecdotes of Literature, &c. speaking of the paper on which books in the infancy of printing were executed, observes,—
“This presents a very fertile subject of discussion. Here, as in ink, two very distinct kinds occur, writing-paper and printing-paper, or rather did then; for the invention of paper made from rags did not precede that of printing more than half a century; and perhaps the first experiments were made on the paper in common use. But here it is worthy of remark, that in this particular fabrick of paper, the Italians far excelled the Germans; for it will appear that the paper used by Sweynheym and Pannartz in the Lactantius, printed at Subiaco, is greatly superior to that of the first printers at Mentz. But it is also a matter of surprise, in how very short a period, and to what a degree of excellence, the manufacture of paper was improved; never, perhaps, for the purposes of printing, to be excelled. Many of the Editiones Principes exhibit specimens of beauty and splendour never surpassed in all the productions of modern times. The earliest specimens of printing, however, were upon vellum; for which there were two reasons. The first was, that it was the object of the first printers to make their books as much as possible to resemble manuscripts; and the anecdote of Fust, and his disposing of his Bibles at Paris, which were considered as manuscripts, has before been related. The next motive of preferring vellum was, that the books were more durable; but from this circumstance, it sometimes happens that early books on paper are more difficult of attainment than on vellum. Yet the Mazarine Bible, which is now usually allowed to be the edition brought to Paris by Fust, is usually on paper. The Durandus, however, is never found but on vellum. It is observable, that the first printed books are distinguished by very ample margins. This, though considered by collectors in modern times as a distinguishing feature of beauty and excellence, was, in the infancy of the art, merely intended for the convenience of writing notes and making observations. Another very copious subject of animadversion is involved in the marks of the paper used in the infancy of printing. As the first printers often omitted to put their names to their works, many have supposed that a careful examination of the paper and paper-marks would ascertain to what printer such books might be ascribed. But this is very delusive.”
The following are the regular sizes of paper, of all descriptions, as they were fixed when the duty was paid to government according to the size. After the alteration in the mode of laying the duty, and it was imposed upon the weight and not upon the size, the makers began to vary the dimensions, so that in fact there is no regularity in them: yet the list will be useful in ascertaining those variations—in knowing what the size of each sort ought to be—and the comparative dimensions when folded into quarto, octavo, duodecimo, &c. for printing; and I have given all the list, although only a small part of it contains what are termed printing papers; yet the whole may be useful as a matter of reference.
| FIRST TABLE. | Inches | THIRD TABLE continued. | Inches | ||
| Imperial Writing | 22 | 30¼ | Double Crown | 20 | 30 |
| Super Royal Do. | 19¼ | 27½ | Single Crown | 15 | 20 |
| Royal Do. | 19¼ | 24 | Demy Tissue | 17½ | 22 |
| Medium Do. | 17½ | 22½ | Crown Tissue | 15 | 20 |
| Demy Do. | 15½ | 20 | Double Pott | 17 | 25½ |
| Thick and Thin Post | 15¼ | 19½ | FOURTH TABLE. | ||
| Small Post | 13½ | 16½ | Cartridge | 21 | 26 |
| Foolscap | 13½ | 16¾ | Cartridge, Square | 24½ | 25½ |
| Pott | 12½ | 15½ | Cartridge | 19¼ | 24 |
| Extra Large Post | 16½ | 21 | Elephant, Common | 23 | 28 |
| SECOND TABLE. | Sugar Blue | 21½ | 33 | ||
| Double Atlas | 55 | 31½ | Sugar Blue, Small Size | 18¾ | 27 |
| Demy | 15½ | 20 | Do. Demy Size | 17½ | 22 |
| Copy or Bastard | 16 | 20¼ | Do. Crown Size | 15 | 20 |
| Foolscap | 13½ | 16¾ | Purple, Royal | 19½ | 24¼ |
| Littriss Foolscap | 13½ | 17½ | Blue Elephant | 23 | 28 |
| Pott | 12½ | 15 | Blue Royal | 19½ | 24¼ |
| Grand Eagle, or } | 26¾ | 40 | Blue Demy | 17 | 22 |
| Double Elephant } | Blue Crown | 15 | 20 | ||
| Columbier | 23½ | 34½ | FIFTH TABLE. | ||
| Atlas | 26¼ | 34 | Royal Hand, Thick | 24 | 19¼ |
| Atlas, Small | 25 | 31 | Royal Hand | 24 | 19¼ |
| Imperial | 22 | 30¼ | Lumber Hand | 23 | 18 |
| Super Royal | 19¼ | 27½ | Double Two Pound | 24 | 16 |
| Long Royal | 27½ | 18 | Single Two Pound | 16 | 11 |
| Royal | 19¼ | 24 | Middle Hand, Double | 33 | 21 |
| Demy | 17 | 22 | Middle Hand | 22 | 16 |
| Short Demy | 14 | 20¼ | Small Hand, Double | 32 | 20 |
| Crown | 15 | 20 | Small Hand | 19¾ | 16 |
| Large Fan | 23½ | 20½ | Couples, Pound | 12 | 10 |
| Small Fan | 22¼ | 13¼ | Couples, Half Pound | 9 | 7½ |
| Elephant | 23 | 28 | Imperial Cap | 29 | 22 |
| THIRD TABLE. | Havon Cap | 24 | 20 | ||
| Double Demy | 26 | 38½ | Bag Cap | 23½ | 19 |
| Royal Do. | {19½ | 24¼ | Kentish Cap | 21 | 18 |
| {20 | 26 | Four Pounds | 20 | 16 | |
| Inferior Royal | 19½ | 24¼ | Small Cap | 20 | 15 |
| Medium | 18 | 23 | Double Four Pounds | 33 | 20 |
| Demy, Single | 17½ | 22 | Single Two Pounds | 16 | 12 |
| Do. Do. | 19¼ | 21¼ | Couples, Pound | 12 | 10 |
| Couples, Half Pound | 9 | 7½ | |||
The subjoined table shows the dimensions of the leaves of each sort of paper when folded into the various sizes. It will be serviceable to the printer, by enabling him to ascertain easily what kind of paper will cut up to the most advantage for jobs, labels, &c.; and it will be equally serviceable to the bookseller, by enabling him to ascertain what sized paper will be the most economical to print a work on, when the size of the page is fixed, as he will perceive, on referring to it, that a foolscap octavo is 6¾ inches high, and 4⅛ inches broad; and that a royal eighteens is 6⅝ inches high, and 4¼ inches broad; that a post octavo is 7⅝ inches high, and 4⅞ inches broad; and a medium duodecimo is 7⅝ inches high, and 4½ inches broad;—so as to give him the option of saving both in presswork and the price of paper, without the trouble of having to fold various specimens of paper. It will also serve to ascertain the paper on which any book or job is printed.
I have not carried the calculation to a smaller fraction than the eighth of an inch, as that is near enough for all practical purposes, considering the variations in the size of paper; and when the division came to less, I adopted the next number; so that in some cases the parts of a sheet will be a little larger than the dimensions.
D. signifies drawing paper; P. printing paper; and W. writing paper.
| Size of Sheet. |
Folio. | Long Folio. | Quarto. | |||||
| Inches. | Long. | Br. | Long. | Br. | Long. | Br. | ||
| Double Atlas. D. | 55 | 31½ | 31½ | 22½ | 55 | 15¾ | 22½ | 15¾ |
| Grand Eagle, or } | 40 | 26¾ | 26¾ | 20 | 40 | 13⅜ | 20 | 13⅜ |
| Double Elephant. D. } | ||||||||
| Double Demy. P. | 38½ | 26 | 26 | 19¼ | 38½ | 13 | 19¼ | 13 |
| Columbier. D. | 34½ | 23½ | 23½ | 17¼ | 34½ | 11¾ | 17¼ | 11¾ |
| Atlas. D. | 34 | 26½ | 26½ | 17 | 34 | 13¼ | 17 | 13¼ |
| Atlas, Small. D. | 31 | 25 | 25 | 15½ | 31 | 12½ | 15½ | 12½ |
| Imperial. D. | 30½ | 22 | 22 | 15¼ | 30½ | 11 | 15¼ | 11 |
| Imperial. W. | 30¼ | 22 | 22 | 15⅛ | 30¼ | 11 | 15⅛ | 11 |
| Double Crown. P. | 30 | 20 | 20 | 15 | 30 | 10 | 15 | 10 |
| Elephant. D. | 28 | 23 | 23 | 14 | 28 | 11½ | 14 | 11½ |
| Super Royal. D. | 27½ | 19¼ | 19¼ | 13¾ | 27½ | 9⅝ | 13¾ | 9⅝ |
| Super Royal. W. | 27½ | 19¼ | 19¼ | 13¾ | 27½ | 9⅝ | 13¾ | 9⅝ |
| Royal, Long. D. | 27½ | 18 | 18 | 13¾ | 27½ | 9 | 13¾ | 9 |
| Royal. P. | 26 | 20 | 20 | 13 | 26 | 10 | 13 | 10 |
| Double Pott. P. | 25½ | 17 | 17 | 12¾ | 25½ | 8½ | 12¾ | 8½ |
| Royal. P. | 24¼ | 19½ | 19½ | 12⅛ | 24¼ | 9¾ | 12⅛ | 9¾ |
| Royal, Inferior. P. | 24¼ | 19½ | 19½ | 12⅛ | 24¼ | 9¾ | 12⅛ | 9¾ |
| Royal. D. | 24 | 19¼ | 19¼ | 12 | 24 | 9⅝ | 12 | 9⅝ |
| Royal. W. | 24 | 19¼ | 19¼ | 12 | 24 | 9⅝ | 12 | 9⅝ |
| Medium. P. | 23 | 18 | 18 | 11½ | 23 | 9 | 11½ | 9 |
| Medium. W. | 22½ | 17½ | 17½ | 11¼ | 22½ | 8¾ | 11¼ | 8¾ |
| Demy. P. | 22 | 17½ | 17½ | 11 | 22 | 8¾ | 11 | 8¾ |
| Demy. D. | 22 | 17 | 17 | 11 | 22 | 8½ | 11 | 8½ |
| Demy. P. | 21¼ | 19¼ | 19¼ | 10⅝ | 21¼ | 9⅝ | 10⅝ | 9⅝ |
| Extra Large Post. W. | 21 | 16½ | 16½ | 10½ | 21 | 8¼ | 10½ | 8¼ |
| Copy, or Bastard. W. | 20¼ | 16 | 16 | 10⅛ | 20¼ | 8 | 10⅛ | 8 |
| Demy, Short. D. | 20¼ | 14 | 14 | 10⅛ | 20¼ | 7 | 10⅛ | 7 |
| Demy. W. | 20 | 15½ | 15½ | 10 | 20 | 7¾ | 10 | 7¾ |
| Crown. D. | 20 | 15 | 15 | 10 | 20 | 7½ | 10 | 7½ |
| Single Crown. P. | 20 | 15 | 15 | 10 | 20 | 7½ | 10 | 7½ |
| Thick and Thin Post. W. | 19½ | 15¼ | 15¼ | 9¾ | 19½ | 7⅝ | 9¾ | 7⅝ |
| Littriss Foolscap. | 17½ | 13½ | 13½ | 8¾ | 17½ | 6¾ | 8¾ | 6¾ |
| Foolscap. W. | 16¾ | 13½ | 13½ | 8⅜ | 16¾ | 6¾ | 8⅜ | 6¾ |
| Foolscap. D. | 16¾ | 13¼ | 13¼ | 8⅜ | 16¾ | 6⅝ | 8⅜ | 6⅝ |
| Small Post. W. | 16½ | 13½ | 13½ | 8¼ | 16½ | 6¾ | 8¼ | 6¾ |
| Pott. W. | 15½ | 12½ | 12½ | 7¾ | 15½ | 6¼ | 7¾ | 6¼ |
| Long 4to. | 6mo. | Octavo. | Long 8vo. | |||||
| Long. | Br. | Long. | Br. | Long. | Br. | Long. | Br. | |
| Double Atlas. D. | 31½ | 13¾ | 18¼ | 15¾ | 15¾ | 13¾ | 22½ | 7⅞ |
| Grand Eagle, or } | 26¾ | 10 | 13¼ | 13⅜ | 13⅜ | 10 | 20 | 6⅝ |
| Double Elephant. D. } | ||||||||
| Double Demy. P. | 26 | 9⅝ | 12¾ | 13 | 13 | 9⅝ | 19¼ | 6½ |
| Columbier. D. | 23½ | 8⅝ | 11½ | 11¾ | 11¾ | 8⅝ | 17¼ | 5⅞ |
| Atlas. D. | 26½ | 8½ | 11¼ | 13¼ | 13¼ | 8½ | 17 | 6⅝ |
| Atlas, Small. D. | 25 | 7¾ | 10¼ | 12½ | 12½ | 7¾ | 15½ | 6¼ |
| Imperial. D. | 22 | 7⅝ | 10⅛ | 11 | 11 | 7⅝ | 15¼ | 5½ |
| Imperial. W. | 22 | 7½ | 10 | 11 | 11 | 7½ | 15⅛ | 5½ |
| Double Crown. P. | 20 | 7½ | 10 | 10 | 10 | 7½ | 15 | 5 |
| Elephant. D. | 23 | 7 | 9¼ | 11½ | 11½ | 7 | 14 | 5¾ |
| Super Royal. D. | 19¼ | 6⅞ | 9⅛ | 9⅝ | 9⅝ | 6⅞ | 13¾ | 4¾ |
| Super Royal. W. | 19¼ | 6⅞ | 9⅛ | 9⅝ | 9⅝ | 6⅞ | 13¾ | 4¾ |
| Royal, Long. D. | 18 | 6⅞ | 9⅛ | 9 | 9 | 6⅞ | 13¾ | 4½ |
| Royal. P. | 20 | 6½ | 8⅝ | 10 | 10 | 6½ | 13 | 5 |
| Double Pott. P. | 17 | 6⅜ | 8½ | 8½ | 8½ | 6⅜ | 12¾ | 4¼ |
| Royal. P. | 19½ | 6 | 8 | 9¾ | 9¾ | 6 | 12⅛ | 4⅞ |
| Royal, Inferior. P. | 19½ | 6 | 8 | 9¾ | 9¾ | 6 | 12⅛ | 4⅞ |
| Royal. D. | 19¼ | 6 | 8 | 9⅝ | 9⅝ | 6 | 12 | 4¾ |
| Royal. W. | 19¼ | 6 | 8 | 9⅝ | 9⅝ | 6 | 12 | 4¾ |
| Medium. P. | 18 | 5¾ | 7⅝ | 9 | 9 | 5¾ | 11½ | 4½ |
| Medium. W. | 17½ | 5⅝ | 7½ | 8¾ | 8¾ | 5⅝ | 11¼ | 4⅜ |
| Demy. P. | 17½ | 5½ | 7¼ | 8¾ | 8¾ | 5½ | 11 | 4⅜ |
| Demy. D. | 17 | 5½ | 7½ | 8½ | 8½ | 5½ | 11 | 4¼ |
| Demy. P. | 19¼ | 5¼ | 7 | 9⅝ | 9⅝ | 5¼ | 10⅝ | 4⅛ |
| Extra Large Post. W. | 16½ | 5¼ | 7 | 8¼ | 8¼ | 5¼ | 10½ | 4⅛ |
| Copy, or Bastard. W. | 16 | 5 | 6¾ | 8 | 8 | 5 | 10⅛ | 4 |
| Demy, Short. D. | 14 | 5 | 6¾ | 7 | 7 | 5 | 10⅛ | 3½ |
| Demy. W. | 15½ | 5 | 6⅝ | 7¾ | 7¾ | 5 | 10 | 3⅞ |
| Crown. D. | 15 | 5 | 6⅝ | 7½ | 7½ | 5 | 10 | 3¾ |
| Single Crown. P. | 15 | 5 | 6⅝ | 7½ | 7½ | 5 | 10 | 3¾ |
| Thick and Thin Post. W. | 15¼ | 4⅞ | 6½ | 7⅝ | 7⅝ | 4⅞ | 9¾ | 3¾ |
| Littriss Foolscap. | 13½ | 4⅜ | 5¾ | 6¾ | 6¾ | 4⅜ | 8¾ | 3⅜ |
| Foolscap. W. | 13½ | 4⅛ | 5½ | 6¾ | 6¾ | 4⅛ | 8¾ | 3⅜ |
| Foolscap. D. | 13¼ | 4⅛ | 5½ | 6⅝ | 6⅝ | 4⅛ | 8⅜ | 3¼ |
| Small Post. W. | 13½ | 4⅛ | 5½ | 6¾ | 6¾ | 4⅛ | 8¼ | 3⅜ |
| Pott. W. | 12½ | 3⅞ | 5⅛ | 6¼ | 6¼ | 3⅞ | 7¾ | 3⅛ |
| Nines. | 12mo. | Long l2mo. | Squ. l2mo. | |||||
| Long. | Br. | Long. | Br. | Long. | Br. | Long. | Br. | |
| Double Atlas. D. | 18¼ | 10½ | 18¼ | 7⅞ | 15¾ | 9⅛ | 13¾ | 10½ |
| Grand Eagle, or } | 13¼ | 8⅞ | 13¼ | 6⅝ | 13⅜ | 6⅝ | 10 | 8⅞ |
| Double Elephant. D. } | ||||||||
| Double Demy. P. | 12¾ | 8⅝ | 12¾ | 6½ | 13 | 6⅜ | 9⅝ | 8⅝ |
| Columbier. D. | 11½ | 7¾ | 11½ | 5⅞ | 11¾ | 5¾ | 8⅝ | 7¾ |
| Atlas. D. | 11¼ | 8¾ | 11¼ | 6⅝ | 13¼ | 5⅝ | 8½ | 8¾ |
| Atlas, Small. D. | 10¼ | 8¼ | 10¼ | 6¼ | 12½ | 5⅛ | 7¾ | 8¼ |
| Imperial. D. | 10⅛ | 7¼ | 10⅛ | 5½ | 11 | 5 | 7⅝ | 7¼ |
| Imperial. W. | 10 | 7¼ | 10 | 5½ | 11 | 5 | 7½ | 7¼ |
| Double Crown. P. | 10 | 6⅝ | 10 | 5 | 10 | 5 | 7½ | 6⅝ |
| Elephant. D. | 9¼ | 7⅝ | 9¼ | 5¾ | 11½ | 4⅝ | 7 | 7⅝ |
| Super Royal. D. | 9⅛ | 6⅜ | 9⅛ | 4¾ | 9⅝ | 4¼ | 6⅞ | 6⅜ |
| Super Royal. W. | 9⅛ | 6⅜ | 9⅛ | 4¾ | 9⅝ | 4½ | 6⅞ | 6⅜ |
| Royal, Long. D. | 9⅛ | 6 | 9⅛ | 4½ | 9 | 4½ | 6⅞ | 6 |
| Royal. P. | 8⅝ | 6⅝ | 8⅝ | 5 | 10 | 4¼ | 6½ | 6⅝ |
| Double Pott. P. | 8½ | 5⅝ | 8½ | 4¼ | 8½ | 4¼ | 6⅜ | 5⅝ |
| Royal. P. | 8 | 6½ | 8 | 4⅞ | 9¾ | 4 | 6 | 6½ |
| Royal, Inferior. P. | 8 | 6½ | 8 | 4⅞ | 9¾ | 4 | 6 | 6½ |
| Royal. D. | 8 | 6⅜ | 8 | 4¾ | 9⅝ | 4 | 6 | 6⅜ |
| Royal. W. | 8 | 6⅜ | 8 | 4¾ | 9⅝ | 4 | 6 | 6⅜ |
| Medium. P. | 7⅝ | 6 | 7⅝ | 4½ | 9 | 3¾ | 5¾ | 6 |
| Medium. W. | 7½ | 5¾ | 7½ | 4⅜ | 8¾ | 3¾ | 5⅝ | 5¾ |
| Demy. P. | 7¼ | 5¾ | 7¼ | 4⅜ | 8¾ | 3⅝ | 5½ | 5¾ |
| Demy. D. | 7½ | 5⅝ | 7½ | 4¼ | 8½ | 3⅝ | 5½ | 5⅝ |
| Demy. P. | 7 | 6⅜ | 7 | 4⅞ | 9⅝ | 3½ | 5¼ | 6⅜ |
| Extra Large Post. W. | 7 | 5½ | 7 | 4⅛ | 8¼ | 3½ | 5¼ | 5½ |
| Copy or Bastard. W. | 6¾ | 5¼ | 6¾ | 4 | 8 | 3⅜ | 5 | 5¼ |
| Demy, Short. D. | 6¾ | 4⅝ | 6¾ | 3½ | 7 | 3⅜ | 5 | 4⅝ |
| Demy. W. | 6⅝ | 5⅛ | 6⅝ | 3⅞ | 7¾ | 3¼ | 5 | 5⅛ |
| Crown. D. | 6⅝ | 5 | 6⅝ | 3¾ | 7½ | 3¼ | 5 | 5 |
| Single Crown. P. | 6⅝ | 5 | 6⅝ | 3¾ | 7½ | 3¼ | 5 | 5 |
| Thick and Thin Post. W. | 6½ | 5 | 6½ | 3¾ | 7⅝ | 3¼ | 4⅞ | 5 |
| Littriss Foolscap. | 5¾ | 4½ | 5¾ | 3⅝ | 6¾ | 2⅞ | 4⅜ | 4½ |
| Foolscap. W. | 5½ | 4½ | 5½ | 3⅜ | 6¾ | 2¾ | 4⅛ | 4½ |
| Foolscap. D. | 5½ | 4⅜ | 5½ | 3¼ | 6⅝ | 2¾ | 4⅛ | 4⅜ |
| Small Post. W. | 5½ | 4½ | 5½ | 3⅜ | 6¾ | 2¾ | 4⅛ | 4½ |
| Pott. W. | 5⅛ | 4⅛ | 5⅛ | 3⅛ | 6¼ | 2½ | 3⅞ | 4⅛ |
| 16mo. | 18mo. | 20mo. | 24mo. | |||||
| Long. | Br. | Long. | Br. | Long. | Br. | Long. | Br. | |
| Double Atlas. D. | 13¾ | 7⅞ | 10½ | 9⅛ | 11 | 7⅞ | 10½ | 6⅞ |
| Grand Eagle, or } | 10 | 6⅝ | 8⅞ | 6⅝ | 8 | 6⅝ | 8⅞ | 5 |
| Double Elephant. D. } | ||||||||
| Double Demy. P. | 9⅝ | 6½ | 8⅝ | 6⅜ | 7⅝ | 6½ | 8⅝ | 4¾ |
| Columbier. D. | 8⅝ | 5⅞ | 7¾ | 5¾ | 6⅞ | 5⅞ | 7¾ | 4¼ |
| Atlas. D. | 8½ | 6⅝ | 8¾ | 5⅝ | 6¾ | 6⅝ | 8¾ | 4¼ |
| Atlas, Small. D. | 7¾ | 6¼ | 8¼ | 5⅛ | 6⅛ | 6¼ | 8¼ | 3⅞ |
| Imperial. D. | 7⅝ | 5½ | 7¼ | 5 | 6 | 5½ | 7¼ | 3¾ |
| Imperial. W. | 7½ | 5½ | 7¼ | 5 | 6 | 5½ | 7¼ | 3¾ |
| Double Crown. P. | 7½ | 5 | 6⅝ | 5 | 6 | 5 | 6⅝ | 3¾ |
| Elephant. D. | 7 | 5¾ | 7⅝ | 4⅝ | 5½ | 5¾ | 7⅝ | 3½ |
| Super Royal. D. | 6⅞ | 4¾ | 6⅜ | 4¼ | 5½ | 4¾ | 6⅜ | 3⅜ |
| Super Royal. W. | 6⅞ | 4¾ | 6⅜ | 4¼ | 5½ | 4¾ | 6⅜ | 3⅜ |
| Royal, Long. D. | 6⅞ | 4½ | 6 | 4½ | 5½ | 4½ | 6 | 3⅜ |
| Royal. P. | 6½ | 5 | 6⅝ | 4¼ | 5⅛ | 5 | 6⅝ | 3¼ |
| Double Pott. P. | 6⅜ | 4¼ | 5⅝ | 4¼ | 5 | 4¼ | 5⅝ | 3⅛ |
| Royal. P. | 6 | 4⅞ | 6½ | 4 | 4¾ | 4⅞ | 6½ | 3 |
| Royal, Inferior. P. | 6 | 4⅞ | 6½ | 4 | 4¾ | 4⅞ | 6½ | 3 |
| Royal. D. | 6 | 4¾ | 6⅜ | 4 | 4¾ | 4¾ | 6⅜ | 3 |
| Royal. W. | 6 | 4¾ | 6⅜ | 4 | 4¾ | 4¾ | 6⅜ | 3 |
| Medium. P. | 5¾ | 4½ | 6 | 3¾ | 4½ | 4½ | 6 | 2⅞ |
| Medium. W. | 5⅝ | 4⅜ | 5¾ | 3¾ | 4½ | 4⅜ | 5¾ | 2¾ |
| Demy. P. | 5½ | 4⅜ | 5¾ | 3⅝ | 4⅜ | 4⅜ | 5¾ | 2¾ |
| Demy. D. | 5½ | 4¼ | 5⅝ | 3⅝ | 4⅜ | 4¼ | 5⅝ | 2¾ |
| Demy. P. | 5¼ | 4⅞ | 6⅜ | 3½ | 4¼ | 4⅞ | 6⅜ | 2⅝ |
| Extra Large Post. W. | 5¼ | 4⅛ | 5½ | 3½ | 4⅛ | 4⅛ | 5½ | 2⅝ |
| Copy, or Bastard. W. | 5 | 4 | 5¼ | 3⅜ | 4 | 4 | 5¼ | 2½ |
| Demy, Short. D. | 5 | 3½ | 4⅝ | 3⅜ | 4 | 3½ | 4⅝ | 2½ |
| Demy. W. | 5 | 3⅞ | 5⅛ | 3¼ | 4 | 3⅞ | 5⅛ | 2½ |
| Crown. D. | 5 | 3¾ | 5 | 3¼ | 4 | 3¾ | 5 | 2½ |
| Single Crown. P. | 5 | 3¾ | 5 | 3¼ | 4 | 3¾ | 5 | 2½ |
| Thick and Thin Post. W. | 4⅞ | 3¾ | 5 | 3¼ | 3⅞ | 3¾ | 5 | 2⅜ |
| Littriss Foolscap. | 4⅜ | 3⅜ | 4½ | 2⅞ | 3½ | 3⅜ | 4½ | 2⅛ |
| Foolscap. W. | 4⅛ | 3⅜ | 4½ | 2¾ | 3¼ | 3⅜ | 4½ | 2 |
| Foolscap. D. | 4⅛ | 3¼ | 4⅜ | 2¾ | 3¼ | 3¼ | 4⅜ | 2 |
| Small Post. W. | 4⅛ | 3⅜ | 4½ | 2¾ | 3¼ | 3⅜ | 4½ | 2 |
| Pott. W. | 3⅞ | 3⅛ | 4⅛ | 2½ | 3 | 3⅛ | 4⅛ | 1⅞ |