[328] P. 250; also Lindley’s Medical Botany, loc. cit.

[329] P. 325, and Addenda. This table also appears in the first edition (1824), p. 177.

[330] America, Historical, Statistical and Descriptive, by J. S. Buckingham, vol. ii. p. 304. Fisher.

[331] Ibid., vol. ii. p. 417.

[332] Ibid., vol. iii. p. 36.

[333] Sketches on the Prairies, by Captain A. H. Markham, R.N., in “Good Words,” May 1878.

[334] Liquor Laws of the United States, p. 21. National Temperance Society and Publication House. New York.

[335] Liquor Laws of the United States, p. 43.

[336] New York Herald, 18th April 1878.

[337] New York Herald, 16th April 1878.

[338] The San Francisco weekly “Alta California.” The author has not named any other papers. He has studied whole files of them, in some cases without even finding drunkenness mentioned, and the reader who desires to consider the question carefully can easily do the same.

[339] “Prohibitory Liquor Legislation in the United States,” by Justin M’Carthy, “Fortnightly Review,” August 1871, p. 166. Although a writer on America is here quoted, the author has not trusted to printed testimony in any of these observations upon the drinking habits of the United States. He has verified them from the experience of numerous friends and acquaintances who have travelled and resided in the States, Englishmen, Germans, and Americans themselves.

[340] By some it is affirmed that the middle classes of the United States consume more spirits than the same class in England.

[341] The Americans at Home, vol. ii. p. 306. By D. Macrae. Edinburgh: Edmonston & Douglas.

[342] The Americans at Home, vol. ii. p. 305.

[343] The Americans at Home, p. 307.

[344] Liquor Laws of the United States, p. 15.

[345] Liquor Laws of the United States, p. 20.

[346] Ibid.

[347] Ibid., p. 22.

[348] Liquor Laws of the United States, p. 131. It is right to mention that the publication from which these particulars are taken was issued in 1877, since which time no doubt many changes have taken place in the liquor legislation of the various States, but these the author has been unable to learn from trustworthy sources. The tendency of legislation seems to be towards “local option” or “permissive prohibition.”

[349] Greater Britain, vol. i. p. 202. By C. W. Dilke. Macmillan.

[350] Prohibitory Legislation, &c. “Fortnightly Review,” Aug. 1871, p. 166.

[351] This was, of course, some years after Mr. M’Carthy’s visit.

[352] Vide Third Report of the Lords’ Committee on Intemperance, pp. 211, 212. Evidence of Professor Leone Levi, where the essential part of the Consul’s report is given.

[353] Mr Caine says that he has seen Boston under prohibition with nine hundred drink-sellers deliberately inserting in the Boston Directory their names and addresses as drink-sellers, and a far greater number openly defying the law. He, however, favours “prohibition by local option.”

[354] Reports on the Subject of a License Law, by a Joint Special Committee of the Legislature of Massachusetts. Boston: Wright & Potter, 1867. The author is indebted to the Secretary of State of Massachusetts for this and other valuable printed reports on the subject of the liquor traffic in that State.

[355] Reports on the Subject of a License Law, &c., p. 16.

[356] In his book on the German working man, the author of this treatise said (p. 109), “Beer” (meaning the German beer), “means sobriety; wine and spirits mean intoxication.”

[357] Liquor Laws, p. 26.

[358] Boston: Wright & Potter.

[359] Report of Governor’s Address, p. 54. The circumstances are, however, we hope, different in the two countries, otherwise there is a poor chance for the American bill. According to the Third Report of the Lords’ Committee on Intemperance, p. 195 (Mr. Patterson’s evidence), in Liverpool, the town most in need of temperance reform, the aldermen, who in the U.S.A. decide the question of granting licenses, have in their body, besides a large wine and spirit merchant, two publicans who occupy between them from sixty-four to eighty-four public-houses.

[360] Governor’s Address, p. 57.

[361] Governor’s Address, p. 58.

[362] The Maine Law Vindicated, p. 7.

[363] Prohibitory Legislation, p. 174.

[364] Ibid., p. 176.

[365] Ibid., p. 169.

[366] The Americans at Home, vol. ii. p. 315.

[367] Third Report of the Lords’ Committee on Intemperance, p. 3; Evidence of Rev. R. M. Grier.

[368] The Great Country, by George Rose, M.A. (Arthur Sketchley), Tinsley. A very graphic account of a visit to an inebriate asylum, extracted from the “Atlantic Monthly,” will be found in this work, pp. 385-401.

[369] Alcohol, its Place and Power, pp. 46-109, &c. Glasgow: Scottish Temperance League.

[370] Dr. Anstie’s two works, “Stimulants and Narcotics,” and “The Use of Wines in Health and Disease.” See Also Dr. T. P. Lucas on “The True Action and Physiological Results of Alcohol,” pp. 140, 141 (a strong temperance work); “On Chronic Alcoholic Intoxication,” p. 9, by W. Marcet, M.D., F.R.S. (Churchill); “The Effects of Alcohol on the Nervous System,” by Dr. Hammond in “The Psychological and Medico-Legal Journal,” July 1874, New York. The records of discussions amongst guardians of the poor where objection has been made to the use of beer as an article of diet also tend in the same direction. At a recent meeting of the West Derby Board, for example, the medical officers, one of whom is a total abstainer, distinctly expressed their determination to continue administering alcohol as a medicine.

[371] See the Report of the Temperance Hospital, “Daily News,” May 31, 1878.

[372] Richardson’s Researches on Alcohol, p. 6.

[373] Miller’s Alcohol, its Place and Power, p. 92.

[374] Pope’s Homer’s Odyssey, book ix.

[375] Tom Moore.

[376] Anstie, Uses of Wine in Health and Disease, p. 11.

[377] Ibid., p. 40.

[378] Morewood, p. 339.

[379] Rev. D. Burns, to whom the author is indebted for some of these particulars.

[380] Morewood, p. 340.

[381] Ibid., p. 341.

[382] Third Report, p. 25, Q. 8242.

[383] Readers who are desirous of pursuing the question of temperance societies will find a vast amount of information in Graham’s “Temperance Guide.” London: Pitman, &c.

[384] Speech of the Duke of Westminster, Free Trade Hall, Manchester.

[385] The Licensing Act 1872, Section 13.

[386] Report of the Liverpool Police, 1877.

[387] See especially the evidence of Mr. Robinson (Chief Constructor), Second Report p. 117.