1. Deutsche med. Wchnschr., Leipzig, 1884, SS. 499, 519.

2. Mitth. aus d. K. Gesundheitsamte, Berlin, 1884, Bd. II, S. 421.

3. “On the Origin of Species,” 6th ed., London, 1872, Chapter XI, p. 277.

4. Vrtljschr. f. gerichtl. Med., Berlin, 1855, S. 102.

5. “Ueber Chytridium,” in Monatsber. d. Berliner Akad., 1855, June, No. 14.

6. Cohn’s “Beiträge zur Biologie der Pflanzen,” Breslau, 1876, Bd. II, S. 210.

7. For the parasites of Infusoria, cf. Bütschli in Bronn’s “Klassen und Ordnungen d. Thier-Reichs,” Leipzig, 1885—1889, Bd. I, SS. 872, 1823, 1944.

8. Arch. d’anat. microsc., Paris, 1898, t. II, p. 528.

9. Le Dantec, “Recherches sur la digestion intracellulaire,” Lille, 1891, p. 53.

10. Ehrlich u. Lazarus, “Die Anämie,” in Nothnagel’s “Specielle Pathologie u. Therapie,” Wien, 1898, Bd. VIII, I^ter Theil, S. 85; also “Pathology of the Blood,” authorised English translation, Cambridge, 1900, p. 125.

11. Arch. f. Entwickelungsmech., Leipzig, 1898, Bd. VII.

12. Compt. rend. Acad. d. Sci., Paris, 1901, t. CXXXIII, p. 244.

13. Arch. de zool. expér., Paris, 1889, 2^me série, t. VII, p. 446.

14. Ann. de l’Inst. Pasteur, Paris, 1890, t. IV, p. 148.

15. “Leçons sur la pathologie comparée de l’inflammation,” Paris, 1892, p. 24; “Lectures on the comparative pathology of inflammation,” authorised translation into English, London, 1893, p. 20.

16. “Leçons sur la pathologie comparée de l’inflammation,” p. 21; English edition, p. 17.

17. Monatsber. d. Berl. Akad. d. Wissensch., 1881, p. 388.

18. Compt. rend. du Congrès internat. de Méd. tenu à Paris en 1900. Section de bactériologie et de parasitologie.

19. “Sur l’immunité naturelle des organismes monocellulaires contre les toxines” Ann. de l’Inst. Pasteur, Paris, 1898, t. XII, p. 465.

20. Ann. de l’Inst. Pasteur, Paris, 1897, t. XI, p. 801.

21. “Ueber die Ursache der Immunität von Ratten gegen Milzbrand,” in the Centralbl. f. klin. Med., Bonn, 1888, no. 38.

22. Ann. de l’Inst. Pasteur, Paris, 1897, t. XI, p. 872.

23. Ann. de l’Inst. Pasteur, Paris, 1900, t. XIV, p. 641.

24. Metchnikoff, Virchow’s Archiv, 1884, Bd. XCVII, S. 510.

25. “Contribution à l’étude du sérum antistreptococcique,” Ann. de l’Inst. Pasteur, Paris, 1897, t. XI, p. 177, Planche V.

26. Arch. f. Hyg., München u. Leipzig, 1900, Bd. XXXIX, S. 31.

27. “Entwickelungsgeschichte der mikroskopischen Algen und Pilze,” Nov. Acta Acad. Caes. Leop. Carol., 1854, t. XXIV, p. 1.

28. “Action des sels sur les infusoires,” Arch. d’anat. microsc., Paris, 1898, t. II, p. 595.

29. “On the acclimatisation of organisms to poisonous chemical substances,” Arch. f. Entwickelungsmech., Leipzig, 1895, Bd. II, S. 564.

30. Ann. de l’Inst. Pasteur, Paris, 1887, t. I, p. 465.

31. Monit. scient. du D^r Quesnerille, 1890, 1891, 1892, 1894.

32. “Traité de Microbiologie,” Paris, 1898, t. I, p. 238.

33. Ann. de l’Inst. Pasteur, Paris, 1896, t. X, p. 417.

34. Ann. de l’Inst. Pasteur, Paris, 1900, t. XIV, p. 139.

35. Journ. R. Micr. Soc., London, 1880, III, p. 1.

36. Davenport and Castle, Arch. f. Entwickelungsmech., Leipzig, 1895, Bd. II, S. 227.

37. Untersuch. a. d. physiolog. Inst. d. Univ. Heidelberg, 1878, Bd. II, S. 273.

38. Flora, Marburg, 1892, Bd. LXXVI, S. 182.

39. Botan. Ztg., Leipzig, 1884, S. 161.

40. [Stahl used plasmodia which had spread themselves on a substratum of wet filter paper applied to the inside of glass vessels, its lower edge touching the surface of the experimental fluid at the bottom of the vessel (Translator).]

41. The italics are M. Metchnikoff’s.

42. “Vergleichende Morphologie u. Biologie der Pilze, Mycetozoen u. Bacterien,” Leipzig, I^te Aufl., 1884; also authorised English translation, Oxford, 1887.

43. Botan. Ztg., Leipzig, 1886, SS. 377, 393, 409, 433, 449, 465.

44. Ann. de l’Inst. Pasteur, Paris, 1899, t. XIII, p. 44.

45. “La cicatrisation chez les végétaux,” Mém. couron. de l’Acad. roy. de Belgique, Bruxelles, 1898, t. LVII.

46. Cf. Frank, “Die Krankheiten der Pflanzen,” Breslau, 2^te Aufl., 1895, Bd. I, S. 43.

47. “Recherches expérimentales sur les maladies des plantes,” Ann. de l’Inst. Pasteur, Paris, 1899, t. XIII, p. 1.

48. “Réaction osmotique des cellules végétales,” Mém. couron. de l’Acad. roy. de Belgique, Bruxelles, 1899.

49. “La cicatrisation,” l.c., p. 61.

50. Untersuch. a. d. botan. Inst. zu Tübingen, Leipzig, 1884, Bd. I, S. 363.

51. “Recherches sur les organismes inférieurs,” Bull. de l’Acad. de Belgique, 1888, 2^e série, t. XVI, V, 12.

52. L.c., p. 40.

53. [Probably a surface growth on a sloped agar tube (Transl.).]

54. “Etude expérimentale sur les glandes lymphatiques des invertébrés,” Mélanges biol. de l’Acad. d. sc. de St-Pétersb., 1894, t. XIII, p. 458.

55. “Ueber grünen Eiter,” Volkmann’s Samml, klin. Vortr., No. 62, Leipzig, 1893.

56. “Processus chimiques dans les intestins de l’homme,” Arch. d. sc. biol. de St-Pétersb., 1892, t. I, p. 539; Ztschr. f. Hyg., Leipzig, 1893, Bd. XV, S. 474.

57. Cited by Schimmelbusch, l.c.

58. Compt. rend. Acad. d. Sc., Paris, 1892, t. II, p. 1226.

59. Berl. klin. Wchnschr., 1901, S. 163.

60. Ztschr. f. Hyg., Leipzig, 1898, Bd. XXIX, S. 548.

61. “Fermente und Mikroparasiten” in Ziemssen u. Pettenkofer’s “Handbuch der Hygiene,” Leipzig, 1883.

62. “Ueber die Schicksale der in’s Blut injicirten Mikroorganismen,” Ztschr. f. Hyg., Leipzig, 1886, Bd. I, S. 1.

63. Ztschr. f. Hyg., Leipzig, 1897, Bd. XXVI, S. 353.

64. Arch. f. exper. Path., Leipzig, 1897, Bd. XXXIX, S. 39.

65. Ztschr. f. Hyg., Leipzig, 1898, Bd. XXIX, S. 528.

66. Ztschr. f. Hyg., Leipzig, 1900, Bd. XXXIII, S. 261.

67. Ann. de l’Inst. Pasteur, Paris, 1900, t. XIV, p. 415.

68. Berl. klin. Wchnschr., 1891, S. 505.

69. Vratch (in Russian), St Petersburg, 1896, Nos. 8, 12.

70. Centralbl. f. d. med. Wissensch., Berlin, 1867, No. 31.

71. Virchow’s Archiv, 1869, Bd. XLVIII, S. 1.

72. Compt. rend. Acad. d. Sc., Paris, 1884, t. XCVIII, p. 749.

73. Compt. rend. Soc. de biol., Paris, 1900, p. 553.

74. Virchow’s Archiv, 1852, Bd. IV, S. 536.

75. “Handb. d. klin. Mikroskopie,” 1887, S. 108; Gaz. med. lombarda, 1871 and 1872; Wien. medic. Jahrbücher, 1872, S. 160.

76. “Grundzüge einer vergl. Physiologie der Verdauung,” Heidelberg, 1882.

77. G. H. Lewes, “Sea-side Studies,” Edin. and London, 1858, p. 216.

78. Zool. Anz., Leipzig, 1880, Jahrg. III, S. 261, and 1882, Jahrg. V, S. 310.

79. Metchnikoff, Ann. de l’Inst. Pasteur, Paris, 1893, t. VII, p. 348.

80. Bull. Acad. roy. de Belg., Brux., 1893, t. XXV, p. 262, and Arch. de Zool. expér., Paris, 1893, 3^me série, t. I, p. 139.

81. “Etudes de physiologie sur les Actinies,” Charkoff, 1895 (in Russian).

82. Ann. de l’Inst. Pasteur, Paris, 1901, t. XV, p. 352.

83. Address delivered before the Société des médecins russes at St Petersburg. Gaz. clin. de Botkine, 1900.

84. “Physiologie du suc intestinal,” Saint-Pétersbourg, 1899 (Thesis, in Russian).

85. Arch. d. sc. biol., St.-Pétersb., 1893, t. II, p. 698.

86. Cf. Bull. Acad. de méd., Paris, 1901, p. 17.

87. Arch. d. sc. biol., St.-Pétersb., 1899, t. VII, p. 1.

88. Arch. d. sc. biol., St.-Pétersb., 1893, t. II, p. 219.

89. Virchow’s Archiv, 1893, Suppl. to Bd. CXXXI, S. 142. The question of urinary ferments is summarised in Neubauer u. Vogel’s “Analyse des Harns,” Wiesbaden, 10^te Aufl., 1898, S. 599.

90. Compt. rend, du XIII^e Congrès internat. de Méd., Paris, 1901. Leube, “Ueber extrabuccale Ernährung,” in “Deutsche Klinik am Eingange d. XX. Jahrhunderts,” Wien u. Leipzig, 1901, I, S. 64.

91. Ann. de l’Inst. Pasteur, Paris, 1899, t. XIII, p. 406.

92. Ann. de l’Inst. Pasteur, Paris, 1899, t. XIII, p. 225.

93. Centralbl. f. Bakteriol. u. Parasitenk., Jena, 1900, I^te Abt., Bd. XXVIII, S. 237.

94. Deutsche med. Wchnschr., Leipzig, 1900, S. 734.

95. Ann. de l’Inst. Pasteur, Paris, 1900, t. XIV, p. 49.

96. Ann. de l’Inst. Pasteur, Paris, 1901, t. XV, p. 17.

97. The resorption of the red blood corpuscles by the phagocytes of larvae of starfish (Bipinnaria) and of Phyllirhoë has been described in my paper on intracellular digestion in the Invertebrates in Arb. a. d. Zool. Inst. d. Univ. Wien, 1883, Bd. V, Hft. 2, S. 141.

98. I have only been able to discover the haemolytic property of the serums of Cyprinus after the third injection of guinea-pig’s blood.

99. Virchow’s Archiv, 1870, Bd. XLIX, S. 66.

100. Soudakewitch, Ziegler’s Beitr. z. path. Anat., Jena, 1888, Bd. II, S. 129, and Babes, “Untersuchungen über den Leprabacillus,” Berlin, 1898, S. 58.

101. Marinesco, Compt. rend. Soc. de Biol., Paris, 1896, p. 726.

102. Arch. f. mikr. Anat., Bonn, 1899, Bd. LIV, S. 254.

103. Ehrlich u. Lazarus, “Die Anaemie,” in Nothnagel’s “Specielle Pathologie u. Therapie,” Wien, 1898, Bd. VIII, I^ter Theil, S. 49. Cf. the authorised English translation, “Histology of the Blood,” Cambridge, 1900, p. 74.

104. Ann. de l’Inst. Pasteur, Paris, 1895, t. IX, p. 301.

105. Arch. de méd. expér., Paris, 1901, t. XIII, p. 1.

106. Fortschr. d. Med., Berlin, 1888, Bd. VI, S. 460; “Die Entstehung der Entzündung,” Leipzig, 1891.

107. Journ. publ. par la Soc. roy. d. Sc. méd. et nat. de Bruxelles, 1890, 3 Feb.

108. Ann. de l’Inst. Pasteur, Paris, 1899, t. XIII, p. 742.

109. Krompecher (Centralbl. f. Bakteriol. u. Parasitenk., I^te Abt., Jena, 1900, Bd. XXVIII, S. 588) has obtained a serum which was even capable of altering the nuclei of the red corpuscles of the frog. These nuclei must be much less resistant than those of the red blood corpuscles of birds, such as the goose, fowl and pigeon.

110. Some years ago it was proposed to give the name of cytase to the ferments which digest cellulose. Thus Laurent, in the work analysed in the second chapter, applies it to the ferment secreted by the bacilli which attack the vegetable membrane. We think that the cellulose ferment should be designated by the name of cellulosase and that the name of cytase would be more suitable for a soluble ferment which digests the cells.

111. Arch. de méd. expér., Paris, 1891, t. III, p. 720.

112. Verhandl. d. X. Congr. f. inn. Med., Wiesbaden, 1892.

113. München. med. Wchnschr., 1900, S. 1193.

114. Ann. de l’Inst. Pasteur, Paris, 1899, t. XIII, p. 273; 1901, t. XV, p. 312.

115. Berl. klin. Wchnschr., 1899, SS. 6 and 481.

116. Ehrlich and Morgenroth, “Ueber Haemolysine,” II, Berl. klin. Wchnschr., 1899, S. 481. The following are the combinations found by these observers: heated calf’s serum with normal serum dissolves the red blood corpuscles of the guinea-pig; heated rabbit’s serum plus sheep’s serum dissolves the red blood corpuscles of the sheep; heated serum of rabbit with the addition of goat’s serum dissolves the red corpuscles of the goat; heated sheep’s serum with guinea-pig’s serum produces haemolysis of the red corpuscles of the guinea-pig.

117. Centralbl. f. Bakteriol. u. Parasitenk., I^te Abt., Jena, 1901, Bd. XXIX, S. 175.

118. Ann. de l’Inst. Pasteur, Paris, 1898, t. XII, p. 688.

119. Among the synonyms of this substance, resistant to the action of heat, we may mention the following: haemolytic antibody, preventive substance, immunising body (Immunkörper of Ehrlich), amboceptor (Ehrlich), philocytase (Metchnikoff), desmon (London), copula (P. Müller).

120. München. med. Wchnschr., 1900, S. 677.

121. Ann. de l’Inst. Pasteur, Paris, 1900, t. XIV, p. 656.

122. Arch. d. sc. biol. (russes), 1901, t. VIII, pp. 281 and 323.

123. München. med. Wchnschr., 1900, S. 1193.

124. Ann. de l’Inst. Pasteur, Paris, 1898, t. XII, p. 688; 1899, t. XIII, p. 273.

125. Berl. klin. Wchnschr., 1899, SS. 6 and 481.

126. Berl. klin. Wchnschr., 1900, S. 682.

127. Deutsche med. Wchnschr., Leipzig, 1890, S. 389.

128. Arch. russes d. path., etc., St.-Pétersb., 1900, t. IV, p. 402.

129. “Die Entstehung der Entzündung,” Leipzig, 1891, S. 508.

130. Compt. rend. Soc. de Biol., Paris, 1899, p. 568.

131. “Les Oxydases dans la série animale,” Paris, 1897.

132. Stadelmann, Ztschr. f. Biol., München, 1887, Bd. XXIV, S. 226; 1888, Bd. XXV, S. 208; Patella, Ann. univ. di med. e chir., Milano, 1887. (Cited by Huppert in Neubauer u. Vogel’s Analyse des Harns, x^te Aufl., Wiesbaden, 1898, S. 599.)

133. Centralbl. f. Bakteriol. u. Parasitenk., I^te Abt., Jena, 1901, Bd. XXIX, S. 531.

134. Sawtchenko (Arch. russes de Path., etc., St. Pétersb., 1901, t. XI, p. 455) has observed that leucocytes, after they have absorbed the specific fixative, acquire the property of ingesting red blood corpuscles with extraordinary rapidity. Tarassewitch was able to confirm this fact.

135. Centralbl. f. Bakteriol. u. Parasitenk., I^te Abt., Jena, 1899, Bd. XXV, S. 546.

136. Ann. de l’Inst. Pasteur, Paris, 1899, t. XIII, p. 738.

137. Deutsche med. Wchnschr., Leipzig, 1900, S. 61.

138. Ann. de l’Inst. Pasteur, Paris, 1900, t. XIV, p. 369.

139. Ibid., p. 577.

140. Berl. klin. Wchnschr., 1900, S. 453.

141. We have given a sketch of the actual state of this question of cell poisons or cytotoxins in the Revue générale des sciences pures et appliquées, 1901, p. 1.

142. Ann. de l’Inst. Pasteur, Paris, 1899, t. XIII, p. 413.

143. Deutsch, Compt. rend. XIII congrès internat. de Méd. de Paris, and Centralbl. f. Bacteriol. u. Parasitenk., I^te Abt., Jena, 1901, t. XXIX, S. 661; Uhlenhuth, Deutsche med. Wchnschr., Leipzig, 1901, S. 82; Wassermann u. Schütze, Berl. klin. Wchnschr., 1901, S. 187; [Nuttall and Dinkelspiel, Journ. of Hyg., Cambridge, 1901, Vol. I, p. 367; Nuttall, Brit. Med. Journ., London, 1902, I, p. 825].

144. Ann. de l’Inst. Pasteur, Paris, 1899, t. XIII, p. 240.

145. Ztschr. f. Hyg., Leipzig, 1901, Bd. XXXVI, S. 5.

146. [Myers, Lancet, London, 1900, II, p. 98, and Centralbl. f. Bakteriol. u. Parasitenk., I^te Abt., Jena, 1900, Bd. XXVIII, S. 237.]