Note.—The Size Chain are set down opposite their respective Hemp Cables, as near as can be calculated, within a fraction.

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498.—A Table for showing the Strength of Hemp Cables; their Weight, Size, and Number of Yarns in each.

Size
in
Inches.		 Number
of
Yarns.		 Weight
of 100
Fathoms
in lbs.		 BREAKING STRAIN
IN TONS.
Maxi-
mum.		 Mini-
mum.		 Mean.
26   3528 14112 122. 2 105. 9 111. 6
25 ¹⁄₂ 3393 13572 117. 5 101. 9 107. 3
25   3267 13068 113.   98.   103. 2
24 ¹⁄₂ 3122 12488 114. 4 94. 4 102. 5
24   3006 12024 115. 7 91.   101. 9
23 ¹⁄₂ 2880 11520 117.   87. 6 101. 3
23   2763 11052 118. 3 84. 2 100. 7
22 ¹⁄₂ 2646 10584 119. 5 81.   100. 1
22   2529 10116 111. 4 77. 9 95.  
21 ¹⁄₂ 2412  9648 103. 5 74. 9 90. 1
21   2304  9216 95. 8 72.   85. 3
20 ¹⁄₂ 2196  8784 88. 3 69. 2 80. 6
20   2088  8352 81.   66. 5 76. 1
19 ¹⁄₂ 1980  7920 76. 7 62. 1 71. 3
19   1881  7524 72. 6 57. 9 66. 6
18 ¹⁄₂ 1782  7128 68. 6 53. 8 62. 1
18   1692  6768 64. 7 49. 8 57. 7
17 ¹⁄₂ 1597  6388 61.   46.   53. 4
17   1512  6048 57. 3 44. 9 51.  
16 ¹⁄₂ 1422  5688 53. 9 43. 8 48. 7
16   1332  5328 50. 5 42. 8 46. 5
15 ¹⁄₂ 1251  5004 47. 3 41. 9 44. 3
15   1179  4716 44. 2 41.   42. 3
14 ¹⁄₂ 1098  4392 41. 6 38. 4 39. 9
14   1026  4104 39. 1 36.   37. 6
13 ¹⁄₂  954  3816 36. 7 33. 6 35. 4
13    882  3528 34. 4 31. 3 33. 3
12 ¹⁄₂  810  3240 32. 2 29. 2 31. 3
12    756  3024 29. 8 26. 6 28. 6
11 ¹⁄₂  693  2772 27. 6 24. 2 26. 1
11    630  2520 25. 5 21. 8 23. 7
10 ¹⁄₂  576  2304 23. 4 19. 6 21. 4
10    522  2088 21. 5 17. 5 19. 2
9 ¹⁄₂  468  1872 19.   15. 7 17. 1
9    432  1728 16. 7 14.   15. 2
8 ¹⁄₂  396  1584 14. 6 12. 4 13. 4
8    315  1260 12. 6 10. 9 11. 7
7 ¹⁄₂  288  1152 10. 7 9. 5 10. 2
7    252  1008 9. 3 8. 2 8. 8
6 ¹⁄₂  216   864 8. 1 7.   7. 5
6    189   756 7.   5. 8 6. 3
5 ¹⁄₂  162   648 5. 9 4. 8 5. 3
5    135   540 5.   3. 9 4. 3
4 ¹⁄₂  108   432 4.   3. 1 3. 4
4     90   360 3. 2 2. 5 2. 7
3 ¹⁄₂   69   276 2. 4 1. 9 2. 1
3     54   216 1. 8 1. 4 1. 5

Note.—The above Table shows tons and hundredths of tons.

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499.—A Table showing the Strength of Plain-laid Rope of three Strands.

Size. Number
of Yarns
in Rope.		 Weight
of 100
Fathoms
in lbs.		 BREAKING STRAIN
IN TONS.
Maxi-
mum.		 Mini-
mum.		 Mean.
12   1173 2940 45 .5 35 . 40 .
11 ¹⁄₂ 1077 — 41 .7 32 . 36 .7
11    987 — 38 .2 29 .3 33 .6
10 ¹⁄₂  900 — 34 .9 26 .7 30 .7
10    816 2136 31 .7 24 .2 27 .9
9 ¹⁄₂  738 — 28 .6 21 .8 25 .2
9    660 1712 25 .7 19 .6 22 .6
8 ¹⁄₂  591 — 23 . 17 .5 20 .2
8    522 1379 20 .4 15 .5 18 .
7 ¹⁄₂  459 — 18 . 13 .6 15 .8
7    399 — 15 .8 11 .8 13 .8
6 ¹⁄₂  345 — 13 .7 10 .2 12 .
6    294  834 11 .75 8 .7 10 .3
5 ¹⁄₂  249  712 9 .8 7 .3 8 .7
5    204 — 8 .2 6 .1 7 .2
4 ¹⁄₂  168  413 6 .7 5 . 5 .9
4    132 — 5 .3 4 . 4 .7
3 ¹⁄₂  102 — 4 .1 3 .2 3 .7
3     75  203 3 .1 2 .4 2 .8
2 ¹⁄₄   54 — 2 .2 1 .8 2 .1
2     33 — 1 .5 1 .3 1 .4
1 ³⁄₄   27 — 1 .28 1 .13 1 .23
1 ¹⁄₂   21 —   .90   .86   .88
1 ¹⁄₄   15 —   ..60   .53   .56
1     12 —   ..58   .46   .51
  ³⁄₄    9 —   ..51   .42   .46
  ¹⁄₂    6 —   ..28   .28   .28

Note.—The above Table shows tons and hundredths of tons.

Ornamental: spliced rope

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500.—A Table for showing the Strength of Chain Cable, as tested in Fifteen Fathom Lengths.

Size. Required
Testing
Strain
in Tons.		 Weight
of 100
Fathoms
in lbs.		 BREAKING STRAIN
IN TONS.
Maxi-
mum.		 Mini-
mum.		 Mean.
2 ¹⁄₄ 91 ¹⁄₈ 27216 130. 3 121. 8 125. 9
2 ¹⁄₈ 81 ¹⁄₄ 24276 116. 2 108. 6 112. 3
2   72   21504 103.   96. 25 99. 5
1 ⁷⁄₈ 63 ¹⁄₄ 18900 99.   88.   92. 8
1 ³⁄₄ 55 ¹⁄₈ 16464 85. 25 65.   74. 1
1 ⁵⁄₈ 47 ¹⁄₂ 14196 75.   59. 5 66. 5
1 ¹⁄₂ 40 ¹⁄₂ 12096 65. 5 54. 5 59. 5
1 ³⁄₈ 34   10164 53. 6 44. 4 48. 5
1 ¹⁄₄ 28 ¹⁄₂  8400 42. 8 35. 3 38. 5
1 ¹⁄₈ 22 ³⁄₄  6804 33.   27.   29. 5
1   18    5376 27. 25 22.   24. 3
  ⁷⁄₈ 13 ³⁄₄  4116 22. 5 20. 3 21. 1
  ³⁄₄ 10 ¹⁄₈  3024 15.   12. 5 13. 5
  ¹¹⁄₁₆ 8 ¹⁄₂  2541 12. 3 10. 8 11. 4
  ⁵⁄₈ 7    2100 9. 87 9. 37 9. 5
  ⁹⁄₁₆ 5 ¹⁄₂  1701      
  ¹⁄₂ 4 ¹⁄₂  1344 6. 3 5. 9 6.  

Note.—The above Table shows tons and hundredths of tons.

Ornamental: anchor

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501.—A Table showing the Strength of Short Round-linked Bobstay, Bowsprit-shroud or Crane Chain, without Studs, such as is used for Rigging, &c.

Size. Weight
of 100
Fathoms
in lbs.		 BREAKING STRAIN
IN TONS.		 Required
Test of
Strength.
Maxi-
mum.		 Mini-
mum.		 Mean.
1 ⁵⁄₈ 15569 75 . 68 . 73 . 31 .6
1 ¹⁄₂ — 64 . 58 .2 62 .3 27 .
1 ⁷⁄₁₆ — 59 . 53 .8 57 .4 24 .7
1 ³⁄₈ — 54 .2 49 .6 52 .8 22 .6
1 ⁵⁄₁₆ — 49 .7 45 .5 48 .4 20 .6
1 ¹⁄₄ — 45 .3 41 .7 44 .1 18 .8
1 ³⁄₁₆ — 41 .2 38 . 40 .1 17 .
1 ¹⁄₈  7481 37 .3 34 .5 36 .3 15 .3
1 ¹⁄₁₆ — 33 .6 31 .2 32 .7 13 .6
1    6490 30 .1 28 .1 29 .3 12 .
  ¹⁵⁄₁₆  5600 26 .8 25 .2 26 .1 10 .5
  ⁷⁄₈  4500 23 .7 22 .5 23 .1 9 .1
  ¹³⁄₁₆  4000 20 .9 20 . 20 .4 7 .9
  ³⁄₄  3449 17 .8 16 .6 17 .3 6 .8
  ¹¹⁄₁₆  2900 14 .9 13 .5 14 .6 5 .6
  ⁵⁄₈  2538 12 .3 10 .8 12 . 4 .6
  ⁹⁄₁₆  2001 10 . 8 .7 9 .7 3 .8
  ¹⁄₂  1583 7 .9 6 .9 7 .7 3 .
  ⁷⁄₁₆  1060 6 . 5 .2 5 .9 2 .3
  ³⁄₈   827 4 .4 3 .8 4 .3 1 .6
  ⁵⁄₁₆   581 3 . 2 .7 3 . 1 .1
  ¹⁄₄   392 1 .9 1 .7 1 .9   .75
  ³⁄₁₆ — 1 .1   .97 1 .   .42

Note.—The above Table shows tons and hundredths of tons.

Ornamental: various chains

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502.—Weight of Timber in a green and seasoned State.

Description
of Timber.		 Weight of Cubic Foot.
Green. Seasoned.
  lbs. oz. lbs. oz.
Live Oak 76 10 70  8
White Oak 59 14 54  0
Red Oak 63 12 60 10
Hickory 58 14 52 15
Locust 60 12 56  4
Cypress 48  3 36  0
Cedar 32  0 30  4
Maple 45  0 34  4
Yellow Pine 48 12 35  8
White Pine 36 12 30 11
Spruce 43 15 28 14
Elm 56  8 37  5
Beech 60  0 53  6
White Ash 58  3 50  0

Note.—The average weight of the different species of timber, used in building and equipping ships-of-war in the United States’ Navy, may be reckoned about 50 lbs. to the cubic foot.

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503.—A Table of Measures and Weights of different Substances.

  Cub.
in.		 lbs. oz.
A ton of water (net weight), 250 gallons.  
A cubic foot of Water (specific gravity) — 62   9
„ „ Sea-water — 64   2
„ „ New York Harbor-water — 63   14
„ „ Cork — 15   0
„ „ Tallow — 59   0
„ „ Platina — 1218 .75  
„ „ Copper — 486 .75  
„ „ Lead — 700 .05  
„ „ Steel — 489 .08  
„ „ Cast Iron — 450 .45  
A Bushel of Beans 100 . 63 .  
A Cord of Wood (stowage) 128 . 1700 .  
The Weight of a Man and his Effects is from 2 to 2¹⁄₂ cwt.

Note.—The above table will be found useful in making calculations of stowage, and also in keeping the ship properly trimmed.

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504.—A Table of Weight of Tarred Cordage.

CABLES.
  cwt. qr. lbs.
  1 Fathom of 24   inch weighs  1 1  4
  1 „ 22   „  1 0  9
  1 „ 20   „  0 3 16
  1 „ 19   „  0 3  6
  1 „ 17   „  0 2 16
  1 „ 16   „  0 2  8
  1 „ 15   „  0 1 27
100 Fathoms of 14   „ 41 2 20
100 „ 13 ¹⁄₂ „ 38 3  1
100 „ 13   „ 35 3  9
100 „ 12 ¹⁄₂ „ 32 3 17
100 „ 11 ¹⁄₂ „ 30 1 10
100 „ 11   „ 26 1 19
100 „ 10 ¹⁄₂ „ 23 1 17
100 „ 10   „ 21 0  3
HAWSERS OF 130 FATHOMS.
130 Fathoms of 6 ¹⁄₂ inch weighs 13 1 11
130 „ 6   „ 11 1 13
130 „ 5 ¹⁄₂ „  9 2  2
130 „ 5   „  7 3 19
130 „ 4 ¹⁄₂ „  6 1 22
130 „ 4   „  5 0 14
130 „ 3 ¹⁄₂ „  3 3  7
130 „ 3   „  2 3 20
130 „ 2 ¹⁄₂ „  2 0  5
130 „ 2   „  1 1  6
130 „ 1 ¹⁄₂ „  0 3 13
130 „ 1   „  0 1 20
130 „   ³⁄₄ „  0 1  4
HAWSERS OF 120 FATHOMS.
120 Fathoms of 9 ¹⁄₂ inch weighs 22 2  9
120 „ 9   „ 20 1 17
120 „ 8 ¹⁄₂ „ 18 0 26
120 „ 8   „ 16 0  6
120 „ 7 ¹⁄₂ „ 13 3 16
120 „ 7   „ 12 0 18
120 „ 6 ¹⁄₂ „ 10 1 19
120 „ 6   „  9 0 12
120 „ 5 ¹⁄₂ „  7 3  7
120 „ 5   „  6 2  1
120 „ 4 ¹⁄₂ „  5 0 23
120 „ 4   „  4 0 18
120 „ 3 ¹⁄₂ „  3 1 22
120 „ 3   „  2 2 11
120 „ 2 ¹⁄₂ „  1 3  0
120 „ 2   „  1 1  4