1 Odyss. XII. 395.
2 “I see not how this that is included within these marks [ ] agreeth with this place, or matter in hand: I suppose therefore it is inserted heere without judgement, and taken out of some other booke.”—Holland.
3 See Mullach, Fragm. Philos. p. 325 (No. 73).
4 Odyss. X. 284.
5 Eurip. Cresphontes, Frag. 457.
6 Concerning Ideas, according to the MSS. (G.)
7 Theopompus was Archon in B.C. 411. (G.)
8 The corrupt clause indicated by ... probably means, that the Demarchs were to make inventories (ἀποφῆναι) of the traitors’ estates. (G.)
9 B.C. 459.
10 B.C. 444.
11 B.C. 413.
12 B.C. 486
13 B.C. 338.
14 B.C. 369-342.
15 The Greek text is corrupt; but it is evident that the author confounds the Phocian war, which ended in 346 B.C., with the Amphissian war of 339 B.C. The next sentence shows the same mistake. (G.)
16 See Demosthenes on the Crown, p. 271, 27.
17 This is one of the statements which seem to fix the number of Athenian citizens in the age of the Orators at about 20,000. See Boeckh’s Public Economy of the Athenians, I. Book 1, chap. 7. (G.)
18 Aristoph. Birds, 1296.
19 B.C. 364.
20 This name was properly pronounced with the accent on the last syllable, Ἀσκληπιός. (G.)
21 B.C. 385-384 to 349-348.
22 B.C. 348-347.
23 B.C. 368-362.
24 B.C. 280
25 This is supposed to have been added by some other hand, because a contrary sentence is given of him before.
26 See Demosthenes on the Crown, p. 221, 27.
27 B.C. 307.
28 B.C. 269.
29 B.C. 307.
30 Persons who carried baskets, or panniers, on their heads, of sacred things.
31 Thuc. II. 44.
32 Soph. Oed. Colon. 668.
33 Eurip. Aeolus, Frag. 28.
34 Sophocles, Frag. 779.
35 Eurip. Orestes, 258.
36 Il. VIII. 453.
37 Il. XIX. 165.
38 Il. II. 53.
39 Il. II. 372.
40 Eurip Antiope, Frag. 220.
41 Sophocles, Frag. 779.
42 Il. XVI. 9.
43 Il. XXII. 71.
44 Il. IX. 55.
45 Il. IX. 443.
46 Il. IX. 55.
47 Il. IX. 443.
48 Il. IX. 441.
49 See Od. VII. 165.
50 Eurip. Frag. 977 and 442.
51 Od. II. 69.
52 Thuc. II. 65.
53 The son of Melesias, not the historian. (G.)
54 So he called the little island Aegina.
55 Eurip. Autolycus, Frag. 284, vs. 22.
56 A brook near Athens, the waters of which fell with an extraordinary noise. Aristoph. Eq. 137.
57 Pind. Olymp. VI. 4.
58 From whence they set forth to run.
59 See Odyss. X. 495.
60 Aristoph. Pac. 756.
61 See Aristoph. Eq. 1099.
62 Eurip. Bellerophon, Frag. 311.
63 Il. X. 242.
64 Il. X. 558.
65 Il. XVII. 171.
66 Il. VII. 358.
67 Il. V. 800.
68 See Il. XVII. 156.
69 See Il. IV. 223.
70 Il. IV. 415.
71 Xen. Anab. III. 1, 4.
72 Probably a mistake for Nabis. See Plutarch’s Life of Philopoemen, § 12. (G.)
73 Odyss. V. 350.
74 See Il. XIX. 404.
75 Il. IV. 130.
76 Hesiod, Works and Days, 235.
77 Eurip. Hippol. 218.
78 Hesiod, Works and Days, 275.
79 In the lost tragedy, Prometheus Unbound, Frag. 188 (Nauck). (G.)
80 See Odyss. XII. 116.
81 Il. V. 85.
82 Hesiod, Works and Days, 525.
83 Il. XVI. 34.
84 Odyss. XIV. 30.
85 Fragment 38.
86 History of Animals, IV. 9, 19.
87 Il XXIV. 80.
88 κέρας.
89 That is, by joining hands and sweeping across an island. See the description in Herod. VI. 31, and σαγηνεύω in Liddell and Scott. (G.)
90 See Il. V. 487.
91 Theognis, vs. 215.
92 Il. XVI. 407.
93 Il. IX. 56. See above, chap. 13.
94 It seems incredible that Plutarch could have put this into the mouth of Gryllus, even by carelessness. (G.)
95 See the account of various ancient doctrines of vision and the reflection of light in the treatise on the Opinions of Philosophers, Book IV. Chapters 13 and 14. The idea that vision was caused by something proceeding from the eye to the object is especially to be noticed. (G.)
96 The text in this passage is defective, and the sense chiefly conjectural. (G.)
97 Aesch. Prom. 349.
98 Here again the text is defective, and the sense conjectural. (G.)
99 Il. IX. 212.
100 Otus and Ephialtes.
101 See Il. XIV. 246. The second of these verses is not found in the present text of the Iliad, but was probably defended by Crates against Aristarchus. (G.)
102 Hesiod, Works and Days, 41.
103 Il. XX. 65.
104 Il. VIII. 16.
105 Odyss. VII. 244.
106 Odyss. IV. 563.
107 Odyss. XI. 221.
108 Odyss. XI. 601.
109 “This little Treatise is so pitiously torne, maimed, and dismembred thorowout, that a man may sooner divine and guess thereat (as I have done) than translate it. I beseech the readers therefore, to hold me excused, in case I neither please my selfe, nor content them, in that which I have written.”—Holland.
110 See Plato, Phaedrus, p. 248 C; Timaeus, p. 41 E; Republic, X. p. 617 D.
111 Plato, Tim. p. 39 D.
112 This is the whole passage from Plato’s Phaedrus, p. 248 C, of which part is quoted in § 1. (G.)
113 Plato, Phaedo, p. 58 A.
114 Plato, Timaeus, p. 29 D.
115 Plato, Timaeus, p. 41 D.
116 Plato, Timaeus, p. 42 D.
117 Plato, Laws, IX. p. 875 C.
118 Plato, Theages, p. 129 E.
119 Odyss. IX. 44.
120 Il. XVI. 649.
121 Pind. Isthm. IV. 112.
122 Odyss. V. 469.
123 Pindar, Olymp. I. 1.
124 Hesiod, Theog. 116.
125 See Plato, Phaed. p. 69 C, and Stallbaum’s note. Here the proverb occurs,—Ναρθηκοφόροι μὲν πολλοὶ, Βάκχοι δέ τε παῦροι, the thyrsus-bearers are many, but the true priests of Bacchus are few. (G.)
126 Il. VII. 182; X. 243.
127 Euripides Frag. 1071.
128 The text is corrupt here. (G.)
129 Il. XVIII. 585.
130 Plato, Phaedrus, p. 230 A.
131 Il. XX. 250.
132 Eurip. Iph. Taur. 289.
133 Eurip. Orest. 258.
134 See Il. XXII. 126.
135 See Il. V. 646; XXIII. 71.
136 Herod. III. 82.
137 Il. II. 547.
138 The text of several lines which follow here is hopelessly corrupt, but it is evident that Plutarch refers to the description in Thucyd. VII. 71. (G.)
139 Thucyd. V. 73.
140 Odyss. XIX. 208.
141 Aristophanes, Frogs, 354.
142 I follow Baehr’s emendation (or rather substitution) ἐνίκα for συνῆν, which is demanded by the obvious sense of the whole passage. (G.)
143 See Aeschines against Ctesiphon, § 146.
144 Demosthenes on the Crown, p. 297, 11.
145 Plato, Laws, VIII. p. 844 B.
146 Odyss. XI. 578.
147 Il. I. 154.
148 Odyss. V. 439.
149 Odyss. V. 291, 295.
150 See Plato, Theaet. p. 149 B.
151 Theaet. p. 151 C.
152 Theognis, vs. 432.
153 Plato, Timaeus, p. 28 C.
154 Phaedrus, p. 261 A.
155 Republic, VI. pp. 509 D-511 E.
156 See Plato’s Symposium, p. 210 D.
157 See Timaeus, pp. 53-56.
158 Triangular numbers are those of which equilateral triangles can be formed in this way:—
Such are 3, 6, 10, 15, 21, 28, 36, 45, &c.; that is, numbers formed by adding the digits in regular order. (G.)
159 See Phaedrus, p. 246 D.
160 See Timaeus, pp. 79-81.
161 See Timaeus, p. 42 D.
162 See Aristotle on the Soul, II. 1, with Trendelenburg’s note. (G.)
163 Plato, Republic, VI. pp. 508, 509.
164 Euripides, Troad. 887.
165 See Republic, IV. p. 448 D.
166 Il. XI. 64.
167 Plato’s Sophist, p. 262 A.
168 Il. I. 185.
169 Odyss. XXIII. 183; VIII. 408.
170 Il. XIV. 459.
171 Il. XX. 147.
172 Il. XVIII. 536.
173 Demosthenes against Midias, p. 537, 25, and p. 578, 29.
174 It seems impossible to believe this treatise to be the work of Plutarch, and equally impossible to believe it to be the work of any full-grown man of sound mind. In this case, and in that of the next treatise, no satisfaction is gained by merely supposing the work spurious. One of these Parallel Histories is usually a well-known story, and the other is an absurd imitation of it. An instance may be seen in section 12, where the common story of Manlius Torquatus and his son is matched by an absurd one of Epaminondas and his son; on which Wyttenbach remarks: “Romanum constat: Graecum non modo ementitum, sed stulte ementitum.” We might almost suspect that many of them are some school-boy’s compositions, half historical, and half imitations of well-known stories fortified by imaginary authorities. Is it possible that this school-boy can have been Plutarch himself? (G.)
175 A very slight inspection of this strange treatise will convince the reader that it is justly placed among the Pseudoplutarchea. It is reprinted here merely because it was included in the original translation. (G.)
176 Whence probably our English word down.