B
Babilius, a Roman, who, by the help of a certain herb, is said to have passed in six days from the Sicilian sea to Alexandria. Pliny, preface to ch. 19.
Babilus, an astrologer in Nero’s age, who told the emperor to avert the danger which seemed to hang upon his head, from the appearance of a hairy comet, by putting all the leading men of Rome to death. His advice was faithfully followed. Suetonius, Nero, ch. 36.
Baby̆lon, a son of Belus, who, as some suppose, founded a city which bears his name.——A celebrated city, the capital of the Assyrian empire, on the banks of the Euphrates. It had 100 brazen gates; and its walls, which were cemented with bitumen, and greatly enlarged and embellished by the activity of Semiramis; measured 480 stadia in circumference, 50 cubits in thickness, and 200 in height. It was taken by Cyrus, B.C. 538, after he had drained the waters of the Euphrates into a new channel, and marched his troops by night into the town, through the dried bed; and it is said that the fate of the extensive capital was unknown to the inhabitants of the distant suburbs till late in the evening. Babylon became famous for the death of Alexander, and for the new empire which was afterwards established there under the Seleucidæ. See: Syria. Its greatness was so reduced in succeeding ages, according to Pliny’s observations, that in his time it was but a desolate wilderness, and at present the place where it stood is unknown to travellers. The inhabitants were early acquainted with astrology. Pliny, bk. 6, ch. 26.—Herodotus, bks. 1, 2, 3.—Justin, bk. 1, &c.—Diodorus, bk. 2.—Xenophon, Cyropædia, bk. 7, &c.—Propertius, bk. 3, poem 11, li. 21.—Ovid, Metamorphoses, bk. 4, fable 2.—Martial, bk. 9, ltr. 77.——There is also a town of the same name near the Bubastic branch of the Nile, in Egypt.
Babylōnia, a large province of Assyria, of which Babylon was the capital. The inhabitants shook off the Assyrian yoke, and afterwards became very powerful.——The surname of Seleucia, which arose from the ruins of Babylon, under the successors of Alexander. Pliny, bk. 6, ch. 26.
Babylōnii, the inhabitants of Babylon, famous for their knowledge of astrology, first divided the year into 12 months, and the zodiac into 12 signs.
Babyrsa, a fortified castle near Artaxata. Strabo, bk. 11.
Babytăce, a city of Armenia, whose inhabitants despise gold. Pliny, bk. 6, ch. 27.
Bacabasus, betrayed the snares of Artabanus, brother of Darius, against Artaxerxes. Justin, bk. 3, ch. 1.
Bacchæ, the priestesses of Bacchus. Pausanias, bk. 2, ch. 7.
Bacchanālia, festivals in honour of Bacchus at Rome, the same as the Dionysia of the Greeks. See: Dionysia.
Bacchantes, ♦priestesses of Bacchus, who are represented at the celebration of the orgies almost naked, with garlands of ivy, with a thyrsus, and dishevelled hair. Their looks are wild, and they utter dreadful sounds, and clash different musical instruments together. They were also called Thyades and Menades. Ovid, Metamorphoses, bk. 6, li. 592.—Horace, bk. 3, ode 25.—Propertius, bk. 3, poem 21.—Lucan, bk. 1, li. 674.
♦ ‘priestessess’ replaced with ‘priestesses’
Bacchi, a mountain of Thrace, near Philippi. Appian.
Bacchiădæ, a Corinthian family descended from Bacchia daughter of Dionysius. In their nocturnal orgies they, as some report, tore to pieces Actæon son of Mellissus, which so enraged the father, that before the altar he entreated the Corinthians to revenge the death of his son, and immediately threw himself into the sea. Upon this the Bacchiadæ were banished, and went to settle in Sicily, between Pachynum and Pelorus. Ovid, Metamorphoses, bk. 5, li. 407.—Strabo, bk. 8.
Bacchĭdes, a general who betrayed the town of Sinope to Lucullus. Strabo, bk. 12.
Bacchis, or Balus, king of Corinth, succeeded his father Prumnides. His successors were always called Bacchidæ, in remembrance of the equity and moderation of his reign. The Bacchidæ increased so much, that they chose one of their number to preside among them with regal authority, and it is said that the sovereign power continued in their hands near 200 years. Cypselus overturned this institution by making himself absolute. Strabo, bk. 8.—Pausanias, bk. 2, ch. 4.—Herodotus, bk. 5, ch. 92.—Ovid, Metamorphoses, bk. 5, li. 407.
Bacchium, a small island in the Ægean sea, opposite Smyrna. Pliny, bk. 5, ch. 3.
Bacchius and Bithus, two celebrated gladiators of equal age and strength; whence the proverb to express equality: Bithus contra Bacchium. Suetonius, Augustus.—Horace, bk. 1, satire 7, li. 20.
Bacchus, was son of Jupiter and Semele the daughter of Cadmus. After she had enjoyed the company of Jupiter, Semele was deceived, and perished by the artifice of Juno. This goddess, always jealous of her husband’s amours, assumed the shape of Beroe, Semele’s nurse, and persuaded Semele that the lover whom she entertained was not Jupiter, but a false lover, and that to prove his divinity she ought to beg of him, if he really were Jupiter, to come to her bed with the same majesty as when he courted the embraces of Juno. The artifice succeeded, and when Jupiter promised his mistress whatever she asked, Semele required him to visit her with all the divinity of a god. Jupiter was unable to violate his oath, and Semele unwilling to retract it; therefore, as she was a mortal, and unable to bear the majesty of Jupiter, she was consumed and reduced to ashes. The child, of which she had been pregnant for seven months, was with difficulty saved from the flames, and put in his father’s thigh, where he remained the full time which he naturally was to have been in his mother’s womb. From this circumstance Bacchus has been called Bimater. According to some, Dirce, a nymph of the Achelous, saved him from the flames. There are different traditions concerning the manner of his education. Ovid says that, after his birth, he was brought up by his aunt Ino, and afterwards entrusted to the care of the nymphs of Nysa. Lucian supposes that Mercury carried him, as soon as born, to the nymphs of Nysa; and Apollonius says that he was carried by Mercury to a nymph in the island of Eubœa, whence he was driven by the power of Juno, who was the chief deity of the place. Some support that Naxus can boast of the place of his education, under the nymphs Philia, Coronis, and Clyda. Pausanias relates a tradition which prevailed in the town of Brasiæ in Peloponnesus; and accordingly mentions that Cadmus, as soon as he heard of his daughter’s amours, shut her up, with her child lately born, in a coffer, and exposed them on the sea. The coffer was carried safe by the waves to the coast of Brasiæ; but Semele was found dead, and the child alive. Semele was honoured with a magnificent funeral, and Bacchus properly educated. This diversity of opinion shows that there were many of the same name. Diodorus speaks of three, and Cicero of a greater number; but among them all, the son of Jupiter and Semele seems to have obtained the merit of the rest. Bacchus is the Osiris of the Egyptians, and his history is drawn from the Egyptian traditions concerning that ancient king. Bacchus assisted the gods in their wars against the giants, and was cut to pieces; but the son of Semele was not then born. This tradition, therefore, is taken from the history of Osiris, who was killed by his brother Typhon, and the worship of Osiris has been introduced by Orpheus into Greece, under the name of Bacchus. In his youth he was taken asleep in the island of Naxos, and carried away by some mariners whom he changed into dolphins, except the pilot, who had expressed some concern at his misfortune. His expedition into the east is most celebrated. He marched, at the head of an army composed of men, as well as of women, all inspired with divine fury, and armed with thyrsi, cymbals, and other musical instruments. The leader was drawn in a chariot by a lion and a tiger, and was accompanied by Pan and Silenus, and all the Satyrs. His conquests were easy, and without bloodshed: the people easily submitted, and gratefully elevated to the rank of a god the hero who taught them the use of the vine, the cultivation of the earth, and the manner of making honey. Amidst his benevolence to mankind, he was relentless in punishing all want of respect to his divinity; and the punishment he inflicted on Pentheus, Agave, Lycurgus, &c., is well known. He has received the name of Liber, Bromius, Lyæus, Evan, Thyonæus, Psilas, &c., which are mostly derived from the places where he received adoration, or from the ceremonies observed in his festivals. As he was the god of vintage, of wine, and of drinkers, he is generally represented crowned with vine and ivy leaves, with a thyrsus in his hand. His figure is that of an effeminate young man, to denote the joys which commonly prevail at feasts; and sometimes that of an old man, to teach us that wine taken immoderately will enervate us, consume our health, render us loquacious and childish like old men, and unable to keep secrets. The panther is sacred to him, because he went in his expedition covered with the skin of that beast. The magpie is also his favourite bird, because in triumphs people were permitted to speak with boldness and liberty. Bacchus is sometimes represented like an infant, holding a thyrsus and clusters of grapes with a horn. He often appears naked, and riding upon the shoulders of Pan, or in the arms of Silenus, who was his foster-father. He also sits upon a celestial globe, bespangled with stars, and is then the same as the Sun or Osiris of Egypt. The festivals of Bacchus, generally called Orgies, Bacchanalia, or Dionysia, were introduced into Greece from Egypt by Danaus and his daughters. The infamous debaucheries which arose from the celebration of these festivals are well known. See: Dionysia. The amours of Bacchus are not numerous. He married Ariadne, after she had been forsaken by Theseus in the island of Naxos; and by her he had many children, among whom were Ceranus, Thoas, Œnopion, Tauropolis, &c. According to some, he was the father of Hymenæus, whom the Athenians made the god of marriage. The Egyptians sacrificed pigs to him, before the doors of their houses. The fir tree, the yew tree, the fig tree, the ivy, and the vine, were sacred to him; and the goat was generally sacrificed to him, on account of the great propensity of that animal to destroy the vine. According to Pliny, he was the first who ever wore a crown. His beauty is compared to that of Apollo, and, like him, he is represented with fine hair loosely flowing down his shoulders, and he is said to possess eternal youth. Sometimes he has horns, either because he taught the cultivation of the earth with oxen, or because Jupiter his father appeared to him in the deserts of Libya under the shape of a ram, and supplied his thirsty army with water. Bacchus went down to hell to recover his mother, whom Jupiter willingly made a goddess, under the name of Thyone. The three persons of the name of Bacchus, whom Diodorus mentions, are, the one who conquered the Indies, and is surnamed the bearded Bacchus; a son of Jupiter and Proserpine, who was represented with horns; and the son of Jupiter and Semele, called the Bacchus of Thebes. Those mentioned by Cicero are, a son of Proserpine; a son of Nisus, who built Nysa; a son of Caprius, who reigned in the Indies; a son of Jupiter and the moon; and a son of Thyone and Nisus. Cicero, de Natura Deorum, bks. 2 & 3.—Pausanias, bk. 2, chs. 22, 37; bk. 3, ch. 24; bk. 5, ch. 19, &c.—Herodotus, bk. 1, ch. 150; bk. 2, chs. 42, 48, 49.—Plutarch, De Iside et Osiride.—Diodorus, bks. 1, 3, &c.—Orpheus, Dionysius.—Apollodorus, bk. 1, ch. 9; bk. 3, ch. 4, &c.—Ovid, Metamorphoses, bk. 3, fable 3, &c.—Amores, bk. 3, poem 3.—Fasti, bk. 3, li. 715.—Hyginus, fables 155, 167, &c.—Pliny, bk. 7, ch. 56; bk. 8, ch. 2; bk. 36, ch. 5.—Homer, Iliad, bk. 6.—Lactantius, de falsa religione, bk. 1, ch. 22.—Virgil, Georgics, bk. 2, &c.—Euripides, Bacchæ.—Lucian, de Sacrificiis; Bacchus; Dialogi Deorum.—Oppian, Cynegetica.—Philostratus, bk. 1, Imagines, ch. 50.—Seneca, Chorus of Œdipus.—Martial, bk. 8, ltr. 26; bk. 14, ltr. 107.
Bacchylides, a lyric poet of Cos, nephew to Simonides, who, like Pindar, wrote the praises of Hiero. Some of his verses have been preserved. Marcellinus.
Bacenis, a wood of Germany. Cæsar, Gallic War, bk. 6, ch. 10.
Bacis, a famous soothsayer of Bœotia. Cicero, bk. 1, de Divinatione, ch. 34.——A king of Corinth, called also Bacchis. See: Bacchis.——An athlete of Trœzene. Pausanias, bk. 6.
Bactra (orum), now Balk, the capital of Bactriana, on the river Bactros in Asia. Virgil, Georgics, bk. 2, li. 138.—Strabo, bk. 2.
Bactri and Bactriāni, the inhabitants of Bactriana, who lived upon plunder, and were always under arms. They gave to their dogs those that died through old age or disease, and suffered slaves and strangers to take whatever liberties they pleased with their wives. They were conquered by Alexander the Great. Curtius, bk. 4, ch. 6, &c.—Pliny, bk. 6, ch. 23.—Plutarch, An vitiositas ad infelicitatem sufficia.—Herodotus, bks. 1 & 3.
Bactriāna, a country of Asia, fruitful as well as extensive. It formed once part of the Persian empire, on the eastern parts of which it is situated. Zoroaster was the most ancient king of this country, who taught his subjects the art of magic and astrology. Diodorus, bk. 2.—Justin, bk. 1, ch. 1.
Bactros, now Dahesh, a river on the borders of Asiatic Scythia, from which Bactriana receives its name. Lucan, bk. 3, li. 267.
Bacuntius, a river of Pannonia, which falls into the Save above Sirmium.
Badaca, a town of Media. Diodorus, bk. 19.
Badia, a town of Spain. Valerius Maximus, bk. 3, ch. 7.
Badius, a Campanian, who challenged Titus Quinctius Crispinus, one of his friends, by whom he was killed. Livy, bk. 35, ch. 18.
Baduhennæ, a place in the country of the Frisii, where 900 Romans were killed. Tacitus, Annals, bk. 4, ch. 73.
Bæbia lex, was enacted for the election of four pretors every other year. Livy, bk. 40.——Another law by Massa Bæbius a tribune of the people, which forbade the division of the lands, whilst it substituted a yearly tax to be paid by the possessors, and to be divided among the people. Appian, bk. 1.
Massa Bæbius, a Roman, in whose consulship the tomb of Numa was discovered. Plutarch, Numa.—Valerius Maximus, bk. 1, ch. 1.——Lucius, a Roman pretor, who, being surprised by the Ligurians, fled to Marseilles, where he died three days after. Livy, bk. 37, ch. 57.
Bætis, a river of Spain, from which a part of the country has received the name of Bætica. It was formerly called Tartessus, and now bears the name of Guadalquiver. The wool produced there was so good that Bætica was an epithet of merit, applied to garments. Martial, bk. 12, ltr. 100.
Bæton, a Greek historian in the age of Alexander.
Bagistame, a delightful country of Media. Diodorus, bk. 17.
Bagistanes, a friend of Bessus, whom he abandoned when he murdered Darius. Curtius, bk. 5, ch. 13.
Bagōas and Bagōsas, an Egyptian eunuch in the court of Artaxerxes Ochus, so powerful that nothing could be done without his consent. He led some troops against the Jews, and profaned their temple. He poisoned Ochus, gave his flesh to cats, and made knife handles with his bones, because he had killed the god Apis. He placed on the throne Arses, the youngest of the slaughtered Prince’s children, and afterwards put him to death. He was at last killed, B.C. 335, by Darius, whom, after raising to the crown, he had attempted to poison. Diodorus, bks. 16 & 17.——Another, greatly esteemed by Alexander. He was the cause that one of the satraps was put to death by the most excruciating torments. Curtius, bk. 10, ch. 1.—Plutarch in Alexander.——The name of Bagoas occurs very frequently in the Persian history; and it seems that most of the eunuchs of the monarchs of Persia were generally known by that appellation.
Bagodares, a friend of Bessus, whom he abandoned when he attempted the life of Darius. Diodorus, bk. 17.
Bagophănes, a governor of Babylon, who, when Alexander approached the city, strewed all the streets and burned incense on the altars, &c. Curtius, bk. 5, ch. 1.
Bagrăda, now Megerda, a river of Africa near Utica, where Regulus killed a serpent 120 feet long. Pliny, bk. 8, ch. 14.
♦Baiæ, a city of Campania near the sea, founded by Baius, one of the companions of Ulysses. It was famous for its delightful situation and baths, where many of the Roman senators had country houses. Its ancient grandeur, however, has now disappeared, and Baiæ, with its magnificent villas, has yielded to the tremendous earthquakes which afflict and convulse Italy, and it is no longer to be found. Martial, bk. 14, ltr. 81.—Horace, bk. 1, ltr. 1.—Strabo, bk. 5.
♦ ‘Balæ’ replaced with ‘Baiæ’
Bala, a surname of Alexander king of Syria. Justin, bk. 35, ch. 1.
Balacrus, an officer in Alexander’s army, who took Miletus. Curtius, bk. 4, ch. 13.——Another officer, who commanded some auxiliaries. Curtius, bk. 4, ch. 5.
Balanagræ, a town of Cyrene. Pausanias, bk. 2, ch. 26.
Balanea, a town between Syria and Phœnicia. Pliny, bk. 5, ch. 20.
Balanus, a prince of Gaul, who assisted the Romans in their Macedonian war, A.U.C. 581.—Livy, bk. 44, ch. 14.
Balari, a people of Sardinia. Livy, bk. 41, ch. 6.
Claudius Balbillus, a learned and benevolent man, governor of Egypt, of which he wrote the history, under Nero. Tacitus, Annals, bk. 13, ch. 22.
Balbīnus, an admirer of Agna, mentioned Horace, bk. 1, satire 3, li. 40.——A Roman who, after governing provinces with credit and honour, assassinated the Gordians, and seized the purple. He was some time after murdered by his ♦soldiers. A.D. 238.
♦ ‘soldier’ replaced with ‘soldiers’
Balbus, a mountain of Africa, famous for the retreat of Masinissa, after he had fought a battle against Syphax.
Lucius Balbus, a lawyer, &c., one among the pupils of Scævola.——A man killed by the assassins of the triumvirs.
Baleares, three islands in the Mediterranean, modernly called Majorca, Minorca, and Yvica, on the coast of Spain. The word is derived from βαλλειν, to throw, because the inhabitants were expert archers and slingers, besides great pirates. We are told by Florus, that the mothers never gave their children breakfast before they had struck with an arrow a certain mark in a tree. When a woman was married, she was not admitted to her husband’s bed before she had received the embraces of all her relations. The inhabitants were naturally of a lascivious propensity, and in their wars they required nothing but females and wine, and often exchanged four men for one woman. Strabo, bk. 14.—Florus, bk. 3, ch. 8.—Diodorus, bk. 5.
Balētus, a son of Hippo, who first founded Corinth. Paterculus bk. 1, ch. 3.
Balius, a horse of Achilles. Homer, Iliad, bk. 16, li. 146.
Balista, a mountain of Liguria. Livy, bk. 40, ch. 41.
Ballonŏti, a people of European Sarmatia. Flaccus, bk. 6, li. 160.
Balneæ (baths), were very numerous at Rome, private as well as public. In the ancient times simplicity was observed; but in the age of the emperors they became expensive; they were used after walking, exercise, or labour, and were deemed more necessary than luxurious. Under the emperors it became so fashionable to bathe, that without this the meanest of the people seemed to be deprived of one of the necessaries of life. There were certain hours of the day appointed for bathing, and a small piece of money admitted the poorest, as well as the most opulent. In the baths there were separate apartments for the people to dress and to undress; and after they had bathed, they commonly covered themselves, the hair was plucked out of the skin, and the body rubbed over with a pumice stone, and perfumed to render it smooth and fair. The Roman emperors generally built baths, and all endeavoured to eclipse each other in the magnificence of the building. It is said that ♦Diocletian employed 40,000 of his soldiers in building his baths; and when they were finished, he destroyed all the workmen. Alexander Severus first permitted the people to use them in the night, and he himself often bathed with the common people. For some time both sexes bathed promiscuously and without shame, and the edicts of the emperors proved abortive for a while in abolishing that indecent custom, which gradually destroyed the morals of the people. They generally read in bathing, and we find many compositions written in the midst of this luxurious enjoyment.
♦ ‘Dioclesian’ replaced with ‘Diocletian’ for consistency
Balventius, a centurion of great valour in Cæsar’s army, killed by Ambiorix. Cæsar, Gallic War, bk. 5, ch. 35.
Balyras, a river of Peloponnesus. Pausanias, bk. 4, ch. 33.
Bamurūæ, a people of Libya. Silius Italicus, bk. 3, li. 303.
Bantia, now St. Maria de Vanse, a town of Apulia, whence Bantinus. Horace, bk. 3, ode 4, li. 15.
Lucius Bantius, a gallant youth of Nola, whom Annibal found after the battle of Cannæ, almost dead among the heaps of slain. He was sent home with great humanity, upon which he resolved to betray his country to so generous an enemy. Marcellus the Roman general heard of it, and rebuked Bantius, who continued firm and faithful to the interest of Rome. Livy, bk. 35, ch. 15.
Baphy̆rus, a river of Macedonia. Livy, bk. 44, ch. 6.
Baptæ, the priests of Cotytto, the goddess of lasciviousness and debauchery at Athens. Her festivals were celebrated in the night; and so infamous and obscene was the behaviour of the priests, that they disgusted even Cotytto herself, though the goddess of obscenity. The name is derived from βαπτειν, to wash, because the priests bathed themselves in the most effeminate manner. Juvenal, satire 2, li. 91.——A comedy of Eupolis, on which men are introduced dancing on the stage, with all the indecent gestures of common prostitutes.
Baræi, a people of Cholcis and Iberia, who burnt the bodies of their friends who died by disease, but gave to the fowls of the air such as fell in war. Ælian, de Natura Animalium, bk. 10, ch. 22.
Barăthrum, a deep and obscure gulf at Athens, where criminals were thrown.——The word is applied to the infernal regions by Valerius Flaccus, bk. 2, lis. 86 & 192.
Barbări, a name originally applied to those who spoke inelegantly, or with harshness and difficulty. The Greeks and Romans generally called all nations, except their own, by the despicable name of Barbarians.
Barbăria, a river of Macedonia. Livy, bk. 44, ch. 31.——A name given to Phrygia and Troy. Horace, bk. 1, ltr. 2, li. 7.
Barbătus, the surname of a Roman family. Suetonius, Claudius, ch. 21.
Barbosthĕnes, a mountain of Peloponnesus, 10 miles from Sparta. Livy, bk. 35, ch. 27.
Barbythăce, a city of Persia. Pliny, bk. 6, ch. 27.
Barca, a friend of Cato the elder. Plutarch, Cato the Younger.
Barcæi, or Barcitæ, a warlike nation of Africa, near the city of Carthage. Virgil, Æneid, bk. 4, li. 43.
Barce, the nurse of Sichæus. Virgil, Æneid, bk. 4, li. 632.——A large country of Africa.——Also a city about nine miles from the sea, founded by the brothers of Arcesilaus king of Cyrene, 515 years before the christian era. Strabo says, that in his age it was called Ptolemais; but this arises because most of the inhabitants retired to Ptolemais, which was on the sea coast, to enrich themselves by commerce. Strabo, bk. 17.—Ptolemy, bk. 4, ch. 4.——A small village of Bactriana, where the people who had been taken prisoners by Darius in Africa, were confined. Herodotus, bk. 4, ch. 204.——A city of Media. Justin, bk. 1, ch. 7.
Barcha, the surname of a noble family at Carthage, from which Annibal and Hamilcar were descended. By means of their bribes and influence, they excited a great faction, which is celebrated in the annals of Carthage by the name of the Barchinian faction, and at last raised themselves to power, and to the independent disposal of all the offices of trust or emolument in the state. Livy, bk. 21, chs. 2 & 9.
Bardæi, a people of Illyricum concerned in the factions of Marius. Plutarch, Marius.
Bardi, a celebrated sacerdotal order among the ancient Gauls, who praised their heroes, and published their fame in their verses, or on musical instruments. They were so esteemed and respected by the people, that, at their sight, two armies which were engaged in battle laid down their arms, and submitted to their orders. They censured, as well as commended, the behaviour of the people. Lucan, bk. 1, li. 447.—Strabo, bk. 4.—Marcellinus, bk. 15, ch. 24.
Bardyllis, an Illyrian prince, whose daughter Bircenna married king Pyrrhus. Plutarch, Pyrrhus.
Bareas Soranus, a youth killed by his tutor Egnatius, a Stoic philosopher. Juvenal, satire 3, li. 116.
Bares, a naval officer of Persia, who wished to destroy Cyrene, but was opposed by Amasis. Herodotus, bk. 4, ch. 203.
Bargusii, a people of Spain, at the east of the Iberus. Livy, bk. 21, ch. 19.
Bargyliæ, a town of Caria.
Barīne, a prostitute whom Horace accuses of perjury. Bk. 2, ode 8.
Barisses, one of the seven conspirators against the usurper Smerdis. Ctesias.
Barium, a town of Apulia, on the Adriatic, now called Bari, and remarkable for its fine fish. Horace, bk. 1, satire 5, li. 97.
Barnuus, a town of Macedonia near Heraclea. Strabo, bk. 7.
Barrus, a man ridiculed by Horace as proud of his beauty. Horace, bk. 1, satire 6, li. 30.
Barsīne and Barsēne, a daughter of Darius, who married Alexander, by whom she had a son called Hercules. Cassander ordered her and her child to be put to death. Justin, bk. 13, ch. 2; bk. 15, ch. 2.—Arrian.
Barzaentes, a satrap who revolted from Alexander, &c. Curtius, bk. 8, ch. 13.
Barzanes, a king of Armenia, tributary to Ninus. Diodorus, bk. 2.
Basilēa, a daughter of Cœlus and Terra, who was mother of all the gods. Diodorus, bk. 3.——An island at the north of Gaul, famous for its amber. Diodorus, bk. 5.——An island in the Euxine sea. Pliny, bk. 4, ch. 13.
Basilīdæ, European Sarmatians, descended from Hercules and Echidna. Mela, bk. 2, ch. 1.
Basilīdes, the father of Herodotus, who, with others, attempted to destroy Strattes tyrant of Chios. Herodotus, bk. 8, ch. 132.——A family who held an oligarchical power at Erythræ. Strabo, bk. 14.——A priest of mount Carmel, who foretold many momentous events to Vespasian, when he offered sacrifices. Tacitus, Histories, bk. 2, ch. 87.—Suetonius, Vespasian, ch. 7.
Basilĭpŏtămos, the ancient name of the Eurotas. Strabo, bk. 6.
Basĭlis, an historian who wrote concerning India. Athenæus.——A city of Arcadia, built by Cypselus, near the river Alpheus. Pausanias, bk. 8, ch. 29.
Basilius, a river of Mesopotamia falling into the Euphrates. Strabo.——A celebrated bishop of Africa, very animated against the Arians, whose tenets and doctrines he refuted with warmth, but great ability. He was eloquent as well as ingenious, and possessed of all those abilities which constitute the persuasive orator and the elegant writer. Erasmus has placed him in the number of the greatest orators of antiquity. He died in his 51st year, A.D. 379. The latest edition of his works is that of the Benedictines, folio, Paris, 1721.
Basĭlus, a general who assisted Antony. Lucan, bk. 4, li. 416.——An insignificant lawyer. Juvenal, satire 7, li. 146.——A pretor who plundered the provinces. Juvenal, satire 10, li. 222.
Bassæ, a place of Arcadia, where Apollo had a temple. Pausanias, bk. 8, chs. 30 & 41.
Bassania, a town of Macedonia near Illyricum. Livy, bk. 44, ch. 30.
Bassăreus, a surname of Bacchus, from the dress or long robe, called Bassaris, which his priests wore. Horace, bk. 1, ode 18.
Bassărĭdes, a name given to the votaries of Bacchus, and to Agave by Persius, which seems derived from Bassara, a town of Libya sacred to the god, or from a particular dress worn by his priestesses, and so called by the Thracians. Persius, bk. 1, li. 101.
Bassus Aufidius, an historian in the age of Augustus, who wrote on the Germanic war. Quintilian, bk. 10, ch. 1.——Cæsius, a lyric poet in Nero’s age, to whom Persius addressed his sixth satire. Some of his verses are extant.——Julius, an orator in the reign of Augustus, some of whose orations have been preserved by Seneca.——A man spoken of by Horace, bk. 1, ode 36, li. 14, and described as fond of wine and women.
Bastarnæ and Basternæ, a people of European Sarmatia, destroyed by a sudden storm as they pursued the Thracians. Livy, bk. 40, ch. 58.—Ovid, Tristia, bk. 2, li. 198.—Strabo, bk. 7.
Bastia, the wife of Metellus. Livy, fragment, bk. 89.
Bata, a seaport of Asia, on the Euxine, opposite Sinope. Strabo, bk. 6.
Batāvi, a people of Germany who inhabited that part of the continent known under the modern name of Holland, and called by the ancients, Batavorum insula. Livy, bk. 4, ch. 15.—Lucan, bk. 1, li. 431.
Bathos, a river near the Alpheus. Pausanias, bk. 8, ch. 29.
Bathycles, a celebrated artist of Magnesia. Pausanias, bk. 3, ch. 19.
Bathyllus, a beautiful youth of Samos, greatly beloved by Polycrates the tyrant, and by Anacreon. Horace, epode 14, li. 9.——Mecænas was also fond of a youth of Alexandria, of the same name. Juvenal, satire 6, li. 63.——The poet who claimed as his own Virgil’s distich, Nocte pluit totâ, &c., bore also the same name.——A fountain of Arcadia. Pausanias, bk. 8, ch. 31.
Lentulus Batiātus, a man of Campania, who kept a house full of gladiators who rebelled against him. Plutarch, Crassus.
Batīa, a naiad who married Œbalus. Apollodorus, bk. 3, ch. 10.——A daughter of Teucer, who married Dardanus. Apollodorus, bk. 3, ch. 10.
Batīna and Bantīna. See: Bantia.
Bātis, a eunuch, governor of Gaza, who, upon being unwilling to yield, was dragged round the city tied by the heels to Alexander’s chariot. Curtius, bk. 4, ch. 6.
Bato, a Dardanian, who revolted to Rome from king Philip. Livy, bk. 31, ch. 28.
Baton of Sinope, wrote commentaries on the Persian affairs. Strabo, bk. 12.——A charioteer of Amphiaraus. Pausanias, bk. 5, ch. 17.
Batrachomyomachia, a poem, describing the fight between frogs and mice, written by Homer, which has been printed sometimes separately from the Iliad or Odyssey. The best edition of it is Maittaire’s, 8vo, London, 1721.
Battiădes, a patronymic of Callimachus, from his father Battus. Ovid, Ibis, li. 53.——A name given to the people of Cyrene from king Battus. Silius Italicus, bk. 3, li. 253.
Battis, a girl, celebrated by Philetus the elegiac poet. Ovid, Tristia, bk. 1, poem 5.
Battus I., a Lacedæmonian who built the town of Cyrene, B.C. 630, with a colony from the island of Thera. He was son of Polymnestus and Phronime, and reigned in the town he had founded, and after death received divine honours. The difficulty with which he spoke first procured him the name of Battus. Herodotus, bk. 4, ch. 155, &c.—Pausanias, bk. 10, ch. 15.——The second of that name was grandson to Battus I. by Arcesilaus. He succeeded his father on the throne of Cyrene, and was surnamed Felix, and died 554 B.C. Herodotus, bk. 4, ch. 159, &c.——A shepherd of Pylos, who promised Mercury that he would not discover his having stolen the flocks of Admetus, which Apollo tended. He violated his promise, and was turned into a pumice stone. Ovid, Metamorphoses, bk. 2, li. 702.——A general of Corinth against Athens. Thucydides, bk. 4, ch. 43.——A buffoon of Caesar’s. Plutarch, Convivium Septem Sapientium, ch. 6.
Batŭlum, a town of Campania, whose inhabitants assisted Turnus against Æneas. Virgil, Æneid, bk. 7, li. 739.
Batŭlus, a surname of Demosthenes, from his effeminacy when young. Plutarch, Demosthenes.
Batyllus, a celebrated dancer in Domitian’s reign. Juvenal, satire 6, li. 63.
Baubo, a woman who received Ceres when she sought her daughter all over the world, and gave her some water to quench her thirst. Ovid, Metamorphoses, bk. 5, fable 7.
Baucis, an old woman of Phrygia, who, with her husband Philemon, lived in a small cottage, in a penurious manner, when Jupiter and Mercury travelled in disguise over Asia. The gods came to the cottage, where they received the best things it afforded; and Jupiter was so pleased with their hospitality, that he metamorphosed their dwelling into a magnificent temple, of which Baucis and her husband were made priests. After they had lived happy to an extreme old age, they died both at the same hour, according to their request to Jupiter, that one might not have the sorrow of following the other to the grave. Their bodies were changed into trees before the doors of the temple. Ovid, Metamorphoses, bk. 8, li. 631, &c.
Bavius and Mævius, two stupid and malevolent poets in the age of Augustus, who attacked the superior talents of the contemporary writers. Virgil, Eclogues, poem 3.
Bauli, a small town of Latium near Baiæ. Silius Italicus, bk. 12, li. 155.
Bazaentes, a friend of Bessus, &c.
Bazaria, a country of Asia. Curtius, bk. 8, ch. 1.
Bebius, a famous informer in Vespasian’s reign. Juvenal, satire 1, li. 35. See: Bæbius.
Bebriăcum, now Caneto, a village between Cremona and Verona, where Vitellius overcame Otho. Juvenal, satire 2, li. 106.—Tacitus, Histories, bk. 3, ch. 15.
Bebry̆ce, a daughter of Danaus, who is said to have spared her husband. Most authors, however, attribute that character of humanity to Hypermnestra. See: Danaides.
Bebry̆ces and Bebry̆cii, a nation of Asia near Pontus, of Thracian origin, and, according to Arrian, descended from Bebryce. They were expert in the battle of the cestus. The Argonauts touched on their coasts in their expedition to Colchis. Apollodorus, bk. 1.—Strabo, bks. 7 & 12.
Bebry̆cia, an ancient name of Bithynia, from Bebryce the daughter of Danaus. Strabo, bk. 13.—Virgil, Æneid, bk. 5, li. 373.
Belemīna, a town of Laconia. Pausanias, bk. 3, ch. 21.
Belēnus, a divinity of the Gauls, the same as the Apollo of the Greeks, and the Orus of the Ægyptians.
Belephantes, a Chaldean, who, from his knowledge of astronomy, told Alexander that his entering Babylon would be attended with fatal consequences to him. Diodorus, bk. 17.
Belĕsis, priest of Babylon, who told Arbaces governor of Media that he should reign one day in the place of Sardanapalus. His prophecy was verified, and he was rewarded by the new king with the government of Babylon, B.C. 826. Diodorus, bk. 2.
Belgæ, a warlike people of ancient Gaul, separated from the Celtæ by the rivers Matrona and Sequana. Their country, according to Strabo, extended from the Rhine to the river modernly called the Loire. Cæsar, Gallic War, bks. 1 & 2.
Belgĭca, one of the four provinces of Gaul near the Rhine.
Belgium, the capital of Gallia Belgica. The word is often used to express the whole country. Cæsar, Gallic War, bk. 5, ch. 24.
Belgius, a general of Gaul, who destroyed an army of Macedonians. Justin, bk. 23, ch. 2.—Polybius, bk. 2.
Belĭdes, a surname given to the daughters of Belus. Ovid, Metamorphoses, bk. 4, li. 463.
Belīdes, a name applied to Palamedes, as descended from Belus. Virgil, Æneid bk. 2, li. 82.
Belisama, the name of Minerva among the Gauls, signifying queen of heaven. Cæsar, Gallic War, bk. 6.
Belisarius, a celebrated general, who, in a degenerate and an effeminate age, in the reign of Justinian emperor of Constantinople, renewed all the glorious victories, battles, and triumphs which had rendered the first Romans so distinguished in the time of their republic. He died after a life of military glory, and the trial of royal ingratitude, in the 565th year of the christian era. The story of his begging charity, with date obolum Belisario, is said to be a fabrication of modern times.
Belistīda, a woman who obtained a prize at Olympia. Pausanias, bk. 5, ch. 8.
Belitæ, a nation of Asia. Curtius, bk. 4, ch. 12.
Bellerŏphon, a son of Glaucus king of Ephyre by Eurymede, was at first called Hipponous. The murder of his brother, whom some call Alcimenus or Beller, procured him the name of Bellerophon, or murderer of Beller. After this murder, Bellerophon fled to the court of Prœtus king of Argos. As he was of a handsome appearance, the king’s wife, called Antæa or Stenobœa, fell in love with him; and as he slighted her passion, she accused him before her husband of attempts upon her virtue. Prœtus, unwilling to violate the laws of hospitality by punishing Bellerophon, sent him away to his father-in-law Jobates king of Lycia, and gave him a letter, in which he begged the king to punish with death a man who had so dishonourably treated his daughter. From that circumstance, all letters which are of an unfavourable tendency to the bearer have been called letters of Bellerophon. Jobates, to satisfy his son-in-law, sent Bellerophon to conquer a horrible monster called Chimæra, in which dangerous expedition he hoped, and was even assured, he must perish. See: Chimæra. But the providence of Minerva supported him, and, with the aid of the winged horse Pegasus, he conquered the monster, and returned victorious. After this Jobates sent him against the Solymi, in hopes of seeing him destroyed; but he obtained another victory, and conquered afterwards the Amazons, by the king’s order. At his return from this third expedition, he was attacked by a party sent against him by Jobates; but he destroyed all his assassins, and convinced the king that innocence is always protected by the gods. Upon this, Jobates no longer sought to destroy his life; but he gave him his daughter in marriage, and made him his successor on the throne of Lycia, as he was without male issue. Some authors have supported that he attempted to fly to heaven upon the horse Pegasus, but that Jupiter sent an insect which stung the horse, and threw down the rider who wandered upon the earth in the greatest melancholy and dejection till the day of his death, one generation before the Trojan war. Bellerophon had two sons, Isander, who was killed in his war against the Solymi, and Hippolochus, who succeeded to the throne after his death, besides one daughter called Hippodamia, who had Sarpedon by Jupiter. The wife of Bellerophon is called Philonoe by Apollodorus, and Achemone by Homer. Homer, Iliad, bk. 6, li. 156, &c.—Juvenal, satire 10.—Apollodorus, bk. 2, ch. 3; bk. 3, ch. 1.—Hyginus, fables 157 & 243; Poeticon Astronomicon, bk. 2, ch. 18.—Hesiod, Theogony, li. 325.—Horace, bk. 4, ode 11, li. 26.—Pausanias, bk. 9, ch. 31.
Bellĕrus and Beller, a brother of Hipponous. See: Bellerophon.
Belliēnus, a Roman whose house was set on flames at Cæsar’s funeral. Cicero, Philippics, bk. 2, ch. 36.
Bellōna, the goddess of war, daughter to Phorcys and Ceto, was called by the Greeks Enyo, and often confounded with Minerva. She was anciently called Duelliona, and was the sister of Mars, or, according to others, his daughter or his wife. She prepared the chariot of Mars when he was going to war; and she appeared in battles armed with a whip to animate the combatants, with dishevelled hair, and a torch in her hand. The Romans paid great adoration to her; but she was held in the greatest veneration by the Cappadocians, and chiefly at Comana, where she had about 3000 priests. Her temple at Rome was near the Porta Carmentalis. In it the senators gave audience to foreign ambassadors, and to generals returned from war. At the gate was a small column called the column of war, against which they threw a spear whenever war was declared against an enemy. The priests of this goddess consecrated themselves by great incisions in their body, and particularly in the thigh, of which they received the blood in their hands to offer as a sacrifice to the goddess. In their wild enthusiasm they often predicted bloodshed and wars, the defeat of enemies, or the besieging of towns. Juvenal, satire 4, li. 124.—Varro, de Lingua Latina, bk. 5.—Hesiod, Theogony, li. 270.—Pausanias, bk. 4, ch. 30.—Virgil, Æneid, bk. 8, li. 703.—Statius, Thebiad, bk. 2, li. 718; bk. 7, li. 73.—Silius Italicus, bk. 5, li. 221.
Bellōnarii, the priests of Bellona.
Bellovăci, a people of Gaul conquered by Julius Cæsar. They inhabited the modern Beauvais in the isle of France. Cæsar, Gallic War, bk. 2, ch. 4.
Bellovēsus, a king of the Celtæ, who, in the reign of Tarquin Priscus, was sent at the head of a colony to Italy by his uncle Ambigatus. Livy, bk. 5, ch. 34.
Belon, a general of Alexander’s. Curtius, bk. 6, ch. 11.——A city and river of Hispania Bætica. Strabo, bk. 3.
Belus, one of the most ancient kings of Babylon, about 1800 years before the age of Semiramis, was made a god after death, and worshipped with much ceremony by the Assyrians and Babylonians. He was supposed to be the son of the Osiris of the Egyptians. The temple of Belus was the most ancient and most magnificent in the world. It was originally the tower of Babel, which was converted into a temple. It had lofty towers, and it was enriched by all the succeeding monarchs till the age of Xerxes, who, after his unfortunate expedition against Greece, plundered and demolished it. Among the riches it contained, were many statues of massive gold, one of which was 40 feet high. In the highest of the towers was a magnificent bed, where the priests daily conducted a woman, who, as they said, was honoured with the company of the god. Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews, bk. 10.—Herodotus, bk. 1, ch. 181, &c.—Strabo, bk. 16.—Arrian, bk. 7.—Diodorus, bk. 1, &c.——A king of Egypt, son of Epaphus and Libya, and father of Agenor.——Another, son of Phœnix the son of Agenor, who reigned in Phœnicia.——A river of Syria, where the making of glass was first invented. Pliny, bk. 5, ch. 19.
Benācus, a lake of Italy, now Lago di Garda, from which the Mincius flows into the Po. Virgil, Georgics, bk. 2, li. 160; Æneid, bk. 10, li. 205.
Bendidium, a temple of Diana Bendis. Livy, bk. 38, ch. 41.
Bendis, a name of Diana among the Thracians and their northern neighbours. Strabo, bk. 9. Her festivals, called Bendidia, were introduced from Thrace into Athens.
Beneventum, a town of the Hirpini, built by Diomedes, 28 miles from Capua. Its original name was Maleventum, changed into the more auspicious word of Beneventum, when the Romans had a colony there. It abounds in remains of ancient sculpture above any other town in Italy. Pliny, bk. 3, ch. 11.
Benthesicyme, a daughter of Neptune the nurse of Eumolpus. Apollodorus, bk. 3, ch. 15.
Bepolitānus, a youth whose life was saved by the delay of the executioner, who wished not to stain the youth’s fine clothes with blood. Plutarch, Mulierum virtutes.
Berbicæ, a nation who destroyed their relations when arrived at a certain age. Ælian, Varia Historia, bk. 4, ch. 1.
Beræa, a town of Syria, 90 miles from the sea, and 100 from the Euphrates, now called Aleppo.
Berecynthia, a surname of Cybele, from mount Berecynthus in Phrygia, where she was particularly worshipped. She has been celebrated in a poem by Catullus. Diodorus, bk. 5.—Statius, Thebiad, bk. 4, li. 782.—Virgil, Æneid, bk. 9, li. 82.
Berenīce and Beronice, a woman famous for her beauty, mother of Ptolemy Philadelphus by Lagus. Ælian, Varia Historia, bk. 14, ch. 43.—Theocritus.—Pausanias, bk. 1, ch. 7.——A daughter of Philadelphus, who married Antiochus king of Syria, after he had divorced Laodice his former wife. After the death of Philadelphus, Laodice was recalled, and mindful of the treatment which she had received, she poisoned her husband, placed her son on the vacant throne, and murdered Berenice and her child at Antioch, where she had fled, B.C. 248.——A daughter of Ptolemy Auletes, who usurped her father’s throne for some time, strangled her husband Seleucus, and married Archelaus, a priest of Bellona. Her father regained his power, and put her to death B.C. 55.——The wife of Mithridates, who, when conquered by Lucullus, ordered all his wives to destroy themselves, for fear the conqueror should offer violence to them. She accordingly drank poison, but this not operating soon enough, she was strangled by a eunuch.——The mother of Agrippa, who shines in the history of the Jews as daughter-in-law of Herod the Great.——A daughter of Agrippa, who married her uncle Herod, and afterwards Polemon king of Cilicia. She was accused by Juvenal of committing incest with her brother Agrippa. It is said that she was passionately loved by Titus, who would have made her empress but for fear of the people.——A wife of king Attalus.——Another, daughter of Philadelphus and Arsinoe, who married her own brother Evergetes, whom she loved with much tenderness. When he went on a dangerous expedition, she vowed all the hair of her head to the goddess Venus, if he returned. Some time after his victorious return, the locks which were in the temple of Venus disappeared; and Conon, an astronomer, to make his court to the queen, publicly reported that Jupiter had carried them away, and had made them a constellation. She was put to death by her son, B.C. 221. Catullus, poem 67.—Hyginus, Poeticon Astronomicon, bk. 2, ch. 24.—Justin, bk. 26, ch. 3.——This name is common to many of the queens and princesses in the Ptolemean family in Egypt.——A city of Libya. Strabo.—Mela, bk. 3, ch. 8.——Two towns of Arabia. Strabo, bk. 16.——One in Egypt on the Red sea, where the ships from India generally landed their cargoes. Pliny, bk. 6, ch. 23.——Another near the Syrtes, &c. Pliny, bk. 17.
Berenīcis, a part of Africa near the town of Berenice. Lucan, bk. 9, li. 523.
Bergion and Albion, two giants, sons of Neptune, who opposed Hercules as he attempted to cross the Rhone, and were killed with stones from heaven. Mela, bk. 2, ch. 5.
Bergistăni, a people of Spain, at the east of the Iberus. Livy, bk. 34, ch. 16.
Beris and Baris, a river of Cappadocia.——A mountain of Armenia.
Bermius, a mountain of Macedonia. Herodotus, bk. 8, ch. 138.
Beroe, an old woman of Epidaurus, nurse to Semele. Juno assumed her shape when she persuaded Semele not to grant her favours to Jupiter, if he did not appear in the majesty of a god. Ovid, Metamorphoses, bk. 3, li. 278.——The wife of Doryclus, whose form was assumed by Iris at the instigation of Juno, when she advised the Trojan women to burn the fleet of Æneas in Sicily. Virgil, Æneid, bk. 5, li. 620.——One of the Oceanides, attendant upon Cyrene. Virgil, Georgics, bk. 4, li. 341.
Berœa, a town of Thessaly. Cicero, Piso, ch. 36.
Beronīce. See: Berenice.
Berōsus, a native of Babylon, priest to Belus. He passed into Greece, and remained a long time at Athens. He composed a history of Chaldæa, and signalized himself by his astronomical predictions, and was rewarded for his learning with a statue in the gymnasium at Athens. The age in which he lived is not precisely known, though some fix it in the reign of Alexander, or 268 years B.C. Some fragments of his Chaldæan history are preserved by Josephus, Against Appion & Antiquities of the Jews, bk. 105. The book that is now extant under his name, and speaks of kings that never existed, is a supposititious fabrication.
Berrhœa, a town of Macedonia. Thucydides, bk. 1, ch. 61.
Bery̆tus, now Berut, an ancient town of Phœnicia, on the coast of the Mediterranean, famous in the age of Justinian for the study of law. Pliny, bk. 5, ch. 20.
Besa, a fountain in Thessaly. Strabo, bk. 8.
Besidlæ, a town of the Brutii. Livy, bk. 30, ch. 19.
Besippo, a town of Hispania Bætica, where Mela was born. Mela, bk. 2, ch. 6.
Bessi, a people of Thrace, on the left side of the Strymon, who lived upon rapine. Ovid, Tristia, bk. 4, poem 1, li. 67.—Herodotus, bk. 7, ch. 111.
Bessus, a governor of Bactriana, who, after the battle of Arbela, seized Darius his sovereign and put him to death. After this murder, he assumed the title of king, and was some time after brought before Alexander, who gave him to Oxatres the brother of Darius. The prince ordered his hands and ears to be cut off, and his body to be exposed on a cross, and shot at by the soldiers. Justin, bk. 12, ch. 5.—Curtius, bks. 6 & 7.——A parricide who discovered the murder he had committed, upon observing a nest of swallows, which, as he observed, reproached him with his crime. Plutarch.
Lucius Bestia, a seditious Roman, who conspired with Catiline against his country. Cicero, bk. 2, Philippics.
Betis, a river in Spain, See: Bætis.——A governor of Gaza, who bravely defended himself against Alexander, for which he was treated with cruelty by the conqueror.
Beturia, a country in Spain.
Bia, a daughter of Pallas by Styx. Apollodorus, bk. 1, ch. 2.
Biānor, a son of Tiberius and Manto the daughter of Tiresias, who received the surname of Ocnus, and reigned over Etruria. He built a town which he called Mantua, after his mother’s name. His tomb was seen in the age of Virgil on the road between Mantua and Andes. Virgil, Eclogues, poem 9, li. 60.——A Trojan chief killed by Agamemnon. Homer, Iliad, bk. 11, li. 92.——A centaur killed by Theseus. Ovid, Metamorphoses, bk. 12, li. 342.
Bias, son of Amythaon and Idomene, was king of Argos, and brother to the famous soothsayer Melampus. He fell in love with Perone, daughter of Neleus king of Pylos; but the father refused to give his daughter in marriage before he received the oxen of Iphiclus. Melampus, at his brother’s request, went to seize the oxen, and was caught in the act. He, however, in one year after received his liberty from Iphiclus who presented him with his oxen as a reward for his great services. Bias received the oxen from his brother, and obliged Neleus to give him his daughter in marriage. Homer, Odyssey, bk. 11.—Pausanias, bk. 2, chs. 6 & 18; bk. 4, ch. 34.—Apollodorus, bk. 1, ch. 9.——A Grecian prince, who went to the Trojan war. Homer, Iliad, bk. 4, lis. 13 & 20.——A river of Peloponnesus. Pausanias, bk. 4, ch. 34.——One of the seven wise men of Greece, son of Teutamidas, born at Priene, which he long saved from ruin. He flourished B.C. 566, and died in the arms of his grandson, who begged a favour of him for one of his friends. Diogenes Laërtius, bk. 1.—Plutarch, Convivium Septem Sapientium.—Valerius Maximus, bk. 7, ch. 2.—Pausanias, bk. 10, ch. 24.
Bibācŭlus Marcus Furius, a Latin poet in the age of Cicero. He composed annals in iambic verses, and wrote epigrams full of wit and humour, and other poems now lost. Horace, bk. 2, satire 5, li. 41.—Quintilian, bk. 10.——A pretor, &c. Valerius Maximus, bk. 1, ch. 1.