Centŭrĭpa (es, or æ, arum), now Centorlu, a town of Sicily at the foot of mount Ætna. Cicero, Against Verres, bk. 4, ch. 23.—Silius Italicus, bk. 14, li. 205.—Pliny, bk. 3, ch. 8.

Ceos and Cea, an island. See: Co.

Cephălas, a lofty promontory of Africa near the Syrtis Major. Strabo.

Cephaledion, a town of Sicily near the river Himera. Pliny, bk. 3, ch. 8.—Cicero, Against Verres, bk. 2, ch. 52.

Cephallen, a noble musician, son of Lampus. Pausanias, bk. 10, ch. 7.

Cephalēna and Cephallenia, an island in the Ionian sea, below Corcyra, whose inhabitants went with Ulysses to the Trojan war. It abounds in oil and excellent wines. It was anciently divided into four different districts, from which circumstance it received the name of Tetrapolis. It is about 90 miles in circumference, and from its capital Samo, or Samos, it has frequently been called Same.—Strabo, bk. 10.—Pliny, bk. 4, ch. 12.—Mela, bk. 2, ch. 7.—Homer, Iliad, bk. 2.—Thucydides, bk. 2, ch. 30.—Pausanias, bk. 6, ch. 15.

Cephălo, an officer of Eumenes. Diogenes Laërtius, bk. 19.

Cephaloedis and Cephaludium, now Cephalu, a town at the north of Sicily. Silius Italicus, bk. 14, li. 253.—Cicero, bk. 2, Against Verres, ch. 51.

Cephălon, a Greek of Ionia, who wrote a history of Troy, besides an epitome of universal history from the age of Ninus to Alexander, which he divided into nine books, inscribed with the name of the nine muses. He affected not to know the place of his birth, expecting it would be disputed like Homer’s. He lived in the reign of Adrian.

Cĕphălus, son of Deioneus king of Thessaly, by Diomede daughter of Xuthus, married Procris, daughter of Erechtheus king of Athens. Aurora fell in love with him, and carried him away; but he refused to listen to her addresses, and was impatient to return to Procris. The goddess sent him back; and to try the fidelity of his wife, she made him put on a different form, and he arrived at the house of Procris in the habit of a merchant. Procris was deaf to every offer; but she suffered herself to be seduced by the gold of this stranger, who discovered himself the very moment that Procris had yielded up her virtue. This circumstance so ashamed Procris, that she fled from her husband, and devoted herself to hunting in the island of Eubœa, where she was admitted among the attendants of Diana, who presented her with a dog always sure of his prey, and a dart which never missed its aim, and always returned to the hands of its mistress of its own accord. Some say that the dog was a present from Minos, because Procris had cured his wounds. After this Procris returned in disguise to Cephalus, who was willing to disgrace himself by some unnatural concessions to obtain the dog and the dart of Procris. Procris discovered herself at the moment that Cephalus showed himself faithless, and a reconciliation was easily made between them. They loved one another with more tenderness than before, and Cephalus received from his wife the presents of Diana. As he was particularly fond of hunting, he every morning early repaired to the woods, and after much toil and fatigue, laid himself down in the cool shade, and earnestly called for Aura, or the refreshing breeze. This ambiguous word was mistaken for the name of a mistress; and some informer reported to the jealous Procris that Cephalus daily paid a visit to a mistress, whose name was Aura. Procris too readily believed the information, and secretly followed her husband into the woods. According to his daily custom, Cephalus retired to the cool, and called after Aura. At the name of Aura, Procris eagerly lifted up her head to see her expected rival. Her motion occasioned rustling among the leaves of a bush that concealed her; and as Cephalus listened, he thought it to be a wild beast, and he let fly his unerring dart. ♦Procris was struck to the heart, and instantly expired in the arms of her husband, confessing that ill-grounded jealousy was the cause of her death. According to Apollodorus, there were two persons of the name of Cephalus; one, son of Mercury and Herse, carried away by Aurora, with whom he dwelt in Syria, and by whom he had a son called Tithonus. The other married Procris, and was the cause of the tragical event mentioned above. Cephalus was father of Arcefius by Procris, and of Phaeton, according to Hesiod, by Aurora. Ovid, Metamorphoses, bk. 7, fable 26.—Hyginus, fable 189.—Apollodorus, bk. 3, ch. 15.——A Corinthian lawyer, who assisted Timoleon in regulating the republic of Syracuse. Diodorus, bk. 16.—Plutarch, Timoleon.——A king of Epirus. Livy, bk. 43, ch. 18.——An orator frequently mentioned by Demosthenes.

♦ ‘Procus’ replaced with ‘Procris’

Cephēis, a name given to Andromeda as daughter of Cepheus. Ovid, Ars Amatoria, bk. 1, li. 193.

Cephēnes, an ancient name of the Persians. Herodotus, bk. 7, ch. 61.——A name of the Æthiopians, from Cepheus, one of their kings. Ovid, Metamorphoses, bk. 5, li. 1.

Cēpheus, a king of Æthiopia, father of Andromeda by Cassiope. He was one of the Argonauts, and was changed into a constellation after his death. Ovid, Metamorphoses, bk. 4, li. 669; bk. 5, li. 12.—Pausanias, bk. 4, ch. 35; bk. 8, ch. 4.—Apollodorus, bk. 1, ch. 9; bk. 2, chs. 1, 4, & 7; bk. 3, ch. 9, mentions one, son of Aleus, and another, son of Belus. The former he makes king of Tegea and father of Sterope; and says that he, with his 12 sons, assisted Hercules in a war against Hippocoon, where they were killed. The latter he calls king of Æthiopia and father of Andromeda.——A son of Lycurgus, present at the chase of the Calydonian boar. Apollodorus, bk. 1, ch. 8.

Cephīsia, a part of Attica, through which the Cephisus flows. Pliny, bk. 4, ch. 7.

Cephīsiădes, a patronymic of Eteocles son of Andreus and Evippe, from the supposition of his being the son of the Cephisus. Pausanias, bk. 9, ch. 34.

Cephisidōrus, a tragic poet of Athens in the age of Æschylus.——An historian who wrote an account of the Phocian war.

Cephīsion, the commander of some troops sent by the Thebans to assist Megalopolis, &c. Diodorus, bk. 16.

Cephisodŏtus, a disciple of Isocrates, a great reviler of Aristotle, who wrote a book of proverbs. Athenæus, bk. 2.

Cephīsus and Cephissus, a celebrated river of Greece, that rises at Lilæa in Phocis, and after passing at the north of Delphi and mount Parnassus, enters Bœotia, where it flows into the lake Copais. The Graces were particularly fond of this river, whence they are called the goddesses of the Cephisus. There was a river of the same name in Attica, and another in Argolis. Strabo, bk. 9.—Pliny, bk. 4, ch. 7.—Pausanias, bk. 9, ch. 24.—Homer, Iliad, bk. 2, li. 29.—Lucan, bk. 3, li. 175.—Ovid, Metamorphoses, bk. 1, li. 369; bk. 3, li. 19.——A man changed into a sea monster by Apollo, when lamenting the death of his grandson. Ovid, Metamorphoses, bk. 7, li. 388.

Cephren, a king of Egypt, who built one of the pyramids. Diodorus, bk. 1.

Cepio, or Cæpio, a man who, by a quarrel with Drusus, caused a civil war at Rome, &c.——Servilius, a Roman consul, who put an end to the war in Spain. He took gold from a temple, and for that sacrilege the rest of his life was always unfortunate. He was conquered by the Cimbrians, his goods were publicly confiscated, and he died at last in prison.

Cepion, a musician. Plutarch, de Musica.

Ceraca, a town of Macedonia. Polybius, bk. 5.

Ceracates, a people of Germany. Tacitus, Histories, bk. 4, ch. 70.

Cerambus, a man changed into a beetle, or, according to others, into a bird, on mount Parnassus, by the nymphs, before the deluge. Ovid, Metamorphoses, bk. 7, fable 9.

Ceramīcus, now Keramo, a bay of Caria, near Halicarnassus, opposite Cos, receiving its name from Ceramus. Pliny, bk. 5, ch. 29.—Mela, bk. 1, ch. 16.——A public walk, and a place to bury those that were killed in defence of their country, at Athens. Cicero, Letters to Atticus, bk. 1, ltr. 10.

Cerămium, a place of Rome, where Cicero’s house was built. Cicero, Letters to Atticus.

Cerămus, a town at the west of Asia Minor.

Ceras, a people of Cyprus metamorphosed into bulls.

Cerăsus (untis), now Keresoun, a maritime city of Cappadocia, from which cherries were first brought to Rome by Lucullus. Marcellinus, bk. 22, ch. 13.—Pliny, bk. 15, ch. 25; bk. 16, ch. 18; bk. 17, ch. 14.—Mela, bk. 1, ch. 19.——Another, built by a Greek colony from Sinope. Diodorus, bk. 14.

Cerata, a place near Megara.

Cerātus, a river of Crete.

Ceraunia, a town of Achaia.

Ceraunia and Ceraunii, large mountains of Epirus, extending far into the sea, and forming a promontory which divides the Ionian and Adriatic seas. They are the same as the Acroceraunia. See: Acroceraunium.——Mount Taurus is also called Ceraunius. Pliny, bk. 5, ch. 27.

Ceraunii, mountains of Asia, opposite the Caspian sea. Mela, bk. 1, ch. 19.

Ceraunus, a river of Cappadocia.——A surname of Ptolemy II., from his boldness. Cornelius Nepos, Kings, ch. 3.

Cerausius, a mountain of Arcadia. Pausanias, bk. 8, ch. 41.

Cerbalus, a river of Apulia. Pliny, bk. 3, ch. 11.

Cerberion, a town of the Cimmerian Bosphorus. Pliny, bk. 6, ch. 6.

Cerbĕrus, a dog of Pluto, the fruit of Echidna’s union with Typhon. He had 50 heads according to Hesiod, and three according to other mythologists. He was stationed at the entrance into hell, as a watchful keeper, to prevent the living from entering the infernal regions, and the dead from escaping from their confinement. It was usual for those heroes, who in their lifetime visited Pluto’s kingdom, to appease the barking mouths of Cerberus with a cake. Orpheus lulled him to sleep with his lyre; and Hercules dragged him from hell when he went to redeem Alceste. Virgil, Æneid, bk. 5, li. 134; bk. 6, li. 417.—Homer, Odyssey, bk. 11, li. 622.—Pausanias, bk. 2, ch. 31; bk. 3, ch. 25.—Hesiod, Theogony, li. 312.—Tibullus, bk. 1, poem 10, li. 35.

Cercăphus, a son of Æolus.——A son of Sol, of great power at Rhodes. Diodorus, bk. 5.

Cercasōrum, a town of Egypt, where the Nile divides itself into the Pelusian and Canopic mouths. Herodotus, bk. 2, ch. 15.

Cercēis, one of the Oceanides. Hesiod, Theogony, li. 355.

Cercēne, a country of Africa. Diodorus, bk. 2.

Cercestes, a son of Ægyptus and Phœnissa. Apollodorus, bk. 2, ch. 1.

Cercides, a native of Megalopolis, who wrote iambics. Athenæus, bk. 10.—Ælian, Varia Historia, bk. 13.

Cercii, a people of Italy.

Cercina and Cercinna, a small island of the Mediterranean, near the smaller Syrtis, on the coast of Africa. Tacitus, bk. 1, Annals, ch. 53.—Strabo, bk. 17.—Livy, bk. 33, ch. 48.—Pliny, bk. 5, ch. 7.——A mountain of Thrace, towards Macedonia. Thucydides, bk. 2, ch. 98.

Cercinium, a town of Macedonia. Livy, bk. 31, ch. 41.

Cercius and Rhetius, charioteers of Castor and Pollux.

Cercōpes, a people of Ephesus, made prisoners by Hercules. Apollodorus, bk. 2, ch. 6.——The inhabitants of the island Pithecusa, changed into monkeys on account of their dishonesty. Ovid, Metamorphoses, bk. 14, li. 91.

Cercops, a Milesian, author of a fabulous history mentioned by Athenæus.——A Pythagorean philosopher.

Cercyon and Cercyŏnes, a king of Eleusis, son of Neptune, or, according to others, of Vulcan. He obliged all strangers to wrestle with him; and as he was a dexterous wrestler, they were easily conquered and put to death. After many cruelties, he challenged Theseus in wrestling, and he was conquered and put to death by his antagonist. His daughter Alope was loved by Neptune, by whom she had a child. Cercyon exposed the child, called Hippothoon; but he was preserved by a mare, and afterwards placed upon his grandfather’s throne by Theseus. Ovid, Metamorphoses, bk. 7, li. 439.—Hyginus, fable 187.—Plutarch, Theseus.—Pausanias, bk. 1, chs. 5 & 39.

Cercȳra and Corcȳra, an island in the Ionian sea, which receives its name from Cercyra daughter of Asopus. Diodorus, bk. 4.

Cerdylium, a place near Amphipolis. Thucydides, bk. 5, ch. 6.

Cereālia, festivals in honour of Ceres; first instituted at Rome by Memmius the edile, and celebrated on the 19th of April. Persons in mourning were not permitted to appear at the celebration; therefore they were not observed after the battle of Cannæ. They are the same as the Thesmophoria of the Greeks. See: Thesmophoria.

Ceres, the goddess of corn and of harvests, was daughter of Saturn and Vesta. She had a daughter by Jupiter, whom she called Pherephata, fruit-bearing, and afterwards Proserpine. This daughter was carried away by Pluto, as she was gathering flowers in the plains near Enna. The rape of Proserpine was grievous to Ceres, who sought her all over Sicily; and when night came, she lighted two torches in the flames of mount Ætna, to continue her search by night all over the world. She at last found her veil near the fountain Cyane; but no intelligence could be received of the place of her concealment, till at last the nymph Arethusa informed her that her daughter had been carried away by Pluto. No sooner had Ceres heard this, than she flew to heaven with her chariot drawn by two dragons, and demanded of Jupiter the restoration of her daughter. The endeavours of Jupiter to soften her by representing Pluto as a powerful god, to become her son-in-law, proved fruitless, and the restoration was granted, provided Proserpine had not eaten anything in the kingdom of Pluto. Ceres upon this repaired to Pluto, but Proserpine had eaten the grains of a pomegranate which she had gathered as she walked over the Elysian fields, and Ascalaphus, the only one who had seen her, discovered it to make his court to Pluto. The return of Proserpine upon earth was therefore impracticable; but Ascalaphus, for his unsolicited information, was changed into an owl. See: Ascalaphus. The grief of Ceres for the loss of her daughter was so great, that Jupiter granted Proserpine to pass six months with her mother, and the rest of the year with Pluto. During the inquiries of Ceres for her daughter, the cultivation of the earth was neglected, and the ground became barren; therefore, to repair the loss which mankind had suffered by her absence, the goddess went to Attica, which was become the most desolate country in the world, and instructed Triptolemus of Eleusis in everything which concerned agriculture. She taught him how to plough the ground, to sow and reap the corn, to make bread, and to take particular care of the fruit trees. After these instructions, she gave him her chariot and commanded him to travel all over the world, and communicate his knowledge of agriculture to the rude inhabitants, who hitherto lived upon acorns and the roots of the earth. See: Triptolemus. Her beneficence to mankind made Ceres respected. Sicily was supposed to be the favourite retreat of the goddess, and Diodorus says that she and her daughter made their first appearance to mankind in Sicily, which Pluto received as a nuptial dowry from Jupiter when he married Proserpine. The Sicilians made a yearly sacrifice to Ceres, every man according to his abilities; and the fountain of Cyane, through which Pluto opened himself a passage with his trident when carrying away Proserpine, was publicly honoured with an offering of bulls, and the blood of the victims was shed in the waters of the fountain. Besides these, other ceremonies were observed in honour of the goddesses who had so peculiarly favoured the island. The commemoration of the rape was celebrated about the beginning of the harvest, and the search of Ceres at the time that corn is sown in the earth. The latter festival continued six successive days; and during the celebration, the votaries of Ceres made use of some free and wanton expressions, as that language had made the goddess smile while melancholy for the loss of her daughter. Attica, which had been so eminently distinguished by the goddess, gratefully remembered her favours in the celebration of the Eleusinian mysteries. See: Eleusinia. Ceres also performed the duties of a legislator, and the Sicilians found the advantages of her salutary laws; hence her surname of Thesmophora. She is the same as the Isis of the Egyptians, and her worship, it is said, was first brought into Greece by Erechtheus. She met with different adventures when she travelled over the earth, and the impudence of Stellio was severely punished. To avoid the importunities of Neptune, she changed herself into a mare; but the god took advantage of the metamorphosis, and from their union arose the horse Arion. See: Arion. The birth of this monster so offended Ceres, that she withdrew herself from the sight of mankind; and the earth would have perished for want of her assistance, had not Pan discovered her in Arcadia, and given information of it to Jupiter. The Parcæ were sent by the god to comfort her, and at their persuasion she returned to Sicily, where her statues represented her veiled in black, with the head of a horse, and holding a dove in one hand, and in the other a dolphin. In their sacrifices the ancients offered Ceres a pregnant sow, as that animal often injures and destroys the productions of the earth. While the corn was yet in the grass, they offered her a ram, after the victim had been led three times round the field. Ceres was represented with a garland of ears of corn on her head, holding in one hand a lighted torch, and in the other a poppy, which was sacred to her. She appears as a countrywoman mounted on the back of an ox, and carrying a basket on her left arm, and holding a hoe; and sometimes she rides in a chariot drawn by winged dragons. She was supposed to be the same as Rhea, Tellus. Cybele, Bona Dea, Berecynthia, &c. The Romans paid her great adoration, and her festivals were yearly celebrated by the Roman matrons in the month of April, during eight days. These matrons abstained during several days from the use of wine and every carnal enjoyment. They always bore lighted torches in commemoration of the goddess; and whoever came to these festivals without a previous initiation, was punished with death. Ceres is metaphorically called bread and corn, as the word Bacchus is frequently used to signify wine. Apollodorus, bk. 1, ch. 5; bk. 2, ch. 1; bk. 3, chs. 12 & 14.—Pausanias, bk. 1, ch. 31; bk. 2, ch. 34; bk. 3, ch. 23; bk. 8, ch. 25, &c.—Diodorus, bk. 1, &c.—Hesiod, Theogony.—Ovid, Fasti, bk. 4, li. 417; Metamorphoses, fables 7, 8, &c.—Claudian, de Raptu Proserpinæ.—Cicero, Against Verres.—Callimachus, Hymn to Demeter.—Livy, bks. 29 & 31.—Statius, Thebiad, bk. 12.—Dionysius of Halicarnassus, bk. 1, ch. 33.—Hyginus, Poeticon Astronomicon, bk. 2.

Ceressus, a place of Bœotia. Pausanias, bk. 9, ch. 14.

Cerĕtæ, a people of Crete.

Ceriālis Anicius, a consul elect, who wished a temple to be raised to Nero, as to a god, after the discovery of the Pisonian conspiracy, &c. Tacitus, Annals, bk. 15, ch. 74.

Cerii, a people of Etruria.

Cerilli, or Carillæ, now Cirella, a town of the Brutii near the Laus. Strabo, bk. 6.

Cerillum, a place of Lucania. Strabo, bk. 6.—Silius Italicus, bk. 8, li. 580.

Cerinthus, now Zero, a town of Eubœa, whose inhabitants went to the Trojan war, headed by Elphenor son of Chalcedon. Homer, Iliad, bk. 2, li. 45.—Strabo, bk. 10.——A beautiful youth, long the favourite of the Roman ladies, and especially of Sulpitia, &c. Horace, bk. 1, Statius, bk. 2, li. 81.——One of the early heretics from christianity.

Cermanus, a place where Romulus was exposed by one of the servants of Amulius. Plutarch, Romulus.

Cerne, an island without the pillars of Hercules, on the African coast. Strabo, bk. 1.—Pliny, bks. 5 & 6.

Cernes, a priest of Cybele.

Ceron, a fountain of Histiæotis, whose waters rendered black all the sheep that drank of them. Pliny, bk. 3, ch. 2.

Ceropasades, a son of Phraates king of Persia, given as a hostage to Augustus.

Cerossus, a place of the Ionian sea.

Cerpheres, a king of Egypt, who is supposed to have built the smallest pyramid.

Cerrhæi, a people of Greece, who profaned the temple of Delphi. Plutarch, Solon.

Cerretāni, a people of Spain that inhabited the modern district of Cerdana in Catalonia. Pliny, bk. 3, ch. 3.

Cersobleptes, a king of Thrace, conquered by Philip king of Macedonia. Polyænus, bk. 7, ch. 31.

Certima, a town of Celtiberia. Livy, bk. 40, ch. 47.

Certonium, a town of Asia Minor.

Cervarius, a Roman knight who conspired with Piso against Nero. Tacitus, Annals, bk. 15, ch. 50.

Publius Cervius, an officer under Verres. Cicero, Against Verres, speech 5, ch. 44.

Ceryces, a sacerdotal family at Athens. Thucydides, bk. 8, ch. 53.

Cerycius, a mountain of Bœotia. Pausanias, bk. 9, ch. 20.

Cerymīca, a town of Cyprus. Diodorus.

Cerynēa, a town of Achaia.——A mountain of Arcadia. Pausanias, bk. 7, ch. 25.

Cerynītes, a river of Arcadia. Pausanias, bk. 7, ch. 25.

Cesellius Balsus, a turbulent Carthaginian, who dreamt of money, and persuaded Nero that immense treasures had been deposited by Dido in a certain place, which he described. Inquiry was made, and when no money was found, Cesellius destroyed himself. Tacitus, Annals, bk. 16, ch. 1, &c.

Cesennia, an infamous prostitute, born of an illustrious family at Rome. Juvenal, satire 6, li. 135.

Cestius, an epicurean of Smyrna, who taught rhetoric at Rhodes, in the age of Cicero.——A governor of Syria. Tacitus, Histories, bk. 5.——Severus, an informer under Nero. Tacitus, Histories, bk. 4.——Proculus, a man acquitted of an accusation of embezzling the public money. Tacitus, Annals, bk. 30.——A bridge at Rome.

Cestrīna, a part of Epirus. Pausanias, bk. 2, ch. 23.

Cestrīnus, a son of Helenus and Andromache. After his father’s death he settled in Epirus, above the river Thyamis, and called the country Cestrina. Pausanias, bk. 1, ch. 11.

Cetes, king of Egypt, the same as Proteus. Diodorus, bk. 1.

Cethēgus, the surname of one of the branches of the Cornelii.——Marcus, a consul in the second Punic war. Cicero, Brutus.——A tribune at Rome, of the most corrupted morals, who joined Catiline in his conspiracy against the state, and was commissioned to murder Cicero. He was apprehended, and, with Lentulus, put to death by the Roman senate. Plutarch, Cicero, &c.——A Trojan, killed by Turnus. Virgil, Æneid, bk. 12, li. 513.——Publius Cornelius, a powerful Roman, who embraced the party of Marius against Sylla. His mistress had obtained such an ascendancy over him, that she distributed his favours, and Lucullus was not ashamed to court her smiles, when he wished to be appointed general against Mithridates.——A senator put to death for adultery under Valentinian.

Cetii, a people of Cilicia.

Cetius, a river of Mysia.——A mountain which separates Noricum from Pannonia.

Ceto, a daughter of Pontus and Terra, who married Phorcys, by whom she had the three Gorgons, &c. Hesiod, Theogony, li. 237.—Lucian, bk. 9, li. 646.

Ceus and Cæus, a son of Cœlus and Terra, who married Phœbe, by whom he had Latona and Asteria. Hesiod, Theogony, li. 135.—Virgil, Æneid, bk. 4, li. 179.——The father of Trœzen. Homer, Iliad, bk. 2, li. 354.

Cēyx, a king of Trachinia, son of Lucifer and husband of Alcyone. He was drowned as he went to consult the oracle of Claros. His wife was apprised of his misfortune in a dream, and found his dead body washed on the sea-shore. They were both changed into birds, called Alcyons. See: Alcyone. Ovid, Metamorphoses, bk. 11, li. 587.—Pausanias, bk. 1, ch. 32. According to Apollodorus, bk. 1, ch. 7; bk. 2, ch. 7, the husband of Alcyone and the king of Trachinia were two different persons.

Chea, a town of Peloponnesus.

Chabinus, a mountain of Arabia Felix. Diodorus, bk. 3.

Chabria, a village of Egypt.

Chabrias, an Athenian general and philosopher, who chiefly signalized himself when he assisted the Bœotians against Agesilaus. In this celebrated campaign, he ordered his soldiers to put one knee upon the ground, and firmly to rest their spear upon the other, and cover themselves with their shields, by which means he daunted the enemy, and had a statue raised to his honour in that same posture. He assisted also Nectanebus king of Egypt, and conquered the whole island of Cyprus; but he at last fell a sacrifice to his excessive courage, and despised to fly from his ship, when he had it in his power to save his life like his companions, B.C. 376. Cornelius Nepos, De Viris Illustribus.—Diodorus, bk. 16.—Plutarch, Phocion.

Chabryis, a king of Egypt. Diodorus, bk. 1.

Chæanitæ, a people at the foot of ♦Caucasus.

♦ ‘Causacus’ replaced with ‘Caucasus’

Chæreas, an Athenian who wrote on agriculture.——An officer who murdered Caligula, A.D. 41, to prevent the infamous death which was prepared against himself.——An Athenian, &c. Thucydides, bk. 8, ch. 74, &c.

Chæredemus, a brother of Epicurus, &c. Diogenes Laërtius.

Chærēmon, a comic poet, and disciple of Socrates.——A stoic, who wrote on the Egyptian priests.

Chærĕphon, a tragic poet of Athens, in the age of Philip of Macedonia.

Chærestrăta, the mother of Epicurus, descended of a noble family.

Chærinthus, a beautiful youth, &c. Horace, bk. 1, satire 2, li. 81.

Chærippus, an extortioner, &c. Juvenal, satire 8, li. 96.

Chæro, the founder of Chæronea. Plutarch, Sulla.

Chæronia, Chæronea, and Cherronea, a city of Bœotia, on the Cephisus, celebrated for a defeat of the Athenians by the Bœotians, B.C. 447, and for the victory which Philip of Macedonia obtained there with 32,000 men over the confederate army of the Thebans and the Athenians, consisting of 30,000 men, the 2nd of August, B.C. 338. Plutarch was born there. The town was anciently called Arne. Pausanias, bk. 9, ch. 40.—Plutarch, Pelopidas, &c.—Strabo, bk. 9.

Chalæon, a city of Locris.——A port of Bœotia.

Chales, a herald of Busiris, put to death by Hercules. Apollodorus, bk. 2, ch. 5.

Chalcæa, a town of Caria,——of Phœnicia.

Chalcea, an island with a town near Rhodes. Pliny, bk. 5, ch. 3.——A festival at Athens. See: Panathenæa.

Chalcēdon and Chalcēdŏnia, now Kadi-Keni, an ancient city of Bithynia, opposite Byzantium, built by a colony from Megara, headed by Argias, B.C. 685. It was first called Procerastis, and afterwards Colpusa. Its situation, however, was so improperly chosen that it was called the city of blind men, intimating the inconsiderate plan of the founders. Strabo, bk. 7.—Pliny, bk. 5, ch. 32.—Mela, bk. 1, ch. 19.

Chalcidēne, a part of Syria, very fruitful. Pliny, bk. 5, ch. 23.

Chalcidenses, the inhabitants of the isthmus between Teos and Erythræ.——A people near the Phasis.

Chalcideus, a commander of the Lacedæmonian fleet killed by the Athenians, &c. Thucydides, bk. 8, ch. 8.

Chalcidĭca, a country of Thrace,——of Syria.

Chalcidĭcus (of Chalcis), an epithet applied to Cumæ in Italy, as built by a colony from Chalcis. Virgil, Æneid, bk. 6, li. 17.

Chalciœus, a surname of Minerva, because she had a temple at Chalcis in Eubœa. She was also called Chalciotis and Chalcidica.

Chalciŏpe, a daughter of Æetes king of Colchis, who married Phryxus son of Athamas, who had fled to her father’s court for protection. She had some children by Phryxus, and she preserved her life from the avarice and cruelty of her father, who had murdered her husband to obtain the golden fleece. See: Phryxus. Ovid, Heroides, poem 17, li. 232.—Hyginus, fable 14, &c.——The mother of Thessalus by Hercules. Apollodorus, bk. 2, ch. 7.——The daughter of Rhexenor, who married Ægeus. Apollodorus, bk. 3, ch. 1.

Chalcis, now Egripo, the chief city of Eubœa, in that part which is nearest to Bœotia. It was founded by an Athenian colony. The island is said to have been anciently joined to the continent in the neighbourhood of Chalcis. There were three other towns of the same name, in Thrace, Acarnania, and Sicily, all belonging to the Corinthians. Pliny, bk. 4, ch. 12.—Strabo, bk. 10.—Pausanias, bk. 5, ch. 23.—Cicero, de Natura Deorum, bk. 3, ch. 10.

Chalcītis, a country of Ionia. Pausanias, bk. 7, ch. 5.

Chalcŏdon, a son of Ægyptus by Arabia. Apollodorus, bk. 2, ch. 1.——A man of Cos, who wounded Hercules. Apollodorus, bk. 2, ch. 7.——The father of Elephenor, one of the Grecian chiefs in the Trojan war. Pausanias, bk. 8, ch. 15.——A man who assisted Hercules in his war against Augias. Pausanias, bk. 8, ch. 15.

Chalcon, a Messenian, who reminded Antilochus son of Nestor to be aware of the Æthiopians, by whom he was to perish.

Chalcus, a man made governor of Cyzicus by Alexander. Polyænus.

Chaldæa, a country of Asia between the Euphrates and Tigris. Its capital is Babylon, whose inhabitants were famous for their knowledge of astrology, Cicero, de Divinatione, bk. 1, ch. 1.—Diodorus, bk. 2.—Strabo, bk. 2.—Pliny, bk. 6, ch. 28.

Chaldæi, the inhabitants of Chaldæa.

Chalestra, a town of Macedonia. Herodotus, bk. 7, ch. 123.

Chalonītis, a country of Media.

Chaly̆bes and Caly̆bes, a people of Asia Minor, near Pontus, once very powerful, and possessed of a great extent of country, abounding in iron mines, where the inhabitants worked naked. The Calybes attacked the 10,000 in their retreat, and behaved with much spirit and courage. They were partly conquered by Crœsus king of Lydia. Some authors imagine that the Calybes are a nation of Spain. Virgil, Æneid, bk. 8, li. 421.—Strabo, bk. 12, &c.—Apollonius, bk. 2, li. 375.—Xenophon, Anabasis, bk. 4, &c.—Herodotus, bk. 1, ch. 28.—Justin, bk. 44, ch. 3.

Chalybon, now supposed to be Aleppo, a town of Syria, which gave the name of Chalybonitis to the neighbouring country.

Chalybonītis, a country of Syria, so famous for its wines that the king of Persia drank no other.

Chalybs, a river of Spain, where Justin, bk. 44, ch. 3, places the people called Calybes.

Chamani and Chamaviri, a people of Germany. Tacitus, Germania.

Chane, a river between Armenia and Albania, falling into the Caspian sea.

Chaon, a mountain of Peloponnesus.——A son of Priam. See: Chaonia.

Chaŏnes, a people of Epirus.

Chaŏnia, a mountainous part of Epirus, which receives its name from Chaon, a son of Priam, inadvertently killed by his brother Helenus. There was a wood near, where doves (Chaoniæ aves) were said to deliver oracles. The words Chaonius victus are by ancient authors applied to acorns, the food of the first inhabitants. Lucan, bk. 6, li. 426.—Claudian, de Raptu Proserpinæ, bk. 3, li. 47.—Virgil, Æneid, bk. 3, li. 335.—Propertius, bk. 1, poem 9.—Ovid, Ars Amatoria, bk. 1.

Chaonitis, a country of Assyria.

Chaos, a rude and shapeless mass of matter, and confused assemblage of inactive elements, which, as the poets suppose, pre-existed the formation of the world, and from which the universe was formed by the hand and power of a superior being. This doctrine was first established by Hesiod, from whom the succeeding poets have copied it; and it is probable that it was obscurely drawn from the account of Moses, by being copied from the annals of Sanchoniathon, whose age is fixed antecedent to the siege of Troy. Chaos was deemed by some as one of the oldest of the gods, and invoked as one of the infernal deities. Virgil, Æneid, bk. 4, li. 510.—Ovid, Metamorphoses, bk. 1, fable 1.

Charădra, a town of Phocis. Herodotus, bk. 8, ch. 33.

Charadros, a river of Phocis, falling into the Cephisus. Statius, Thebiad, bk. 4, li. 46.

Charădrus, a place of Argos where military causes were tried. Thucydides, bk. 5, ch. 60.

Choræadas, an Athenian general, sent with 20 ships to Sicily during the Peloponnesian war. He died 426 B.C., &c. Thucydides, bk. 3, ch. 86.

Charandæi, a people near Pontus.

Charax, a town of Armenia.——A philosopher of Pergamus, who wrote a history of Greece in 40 books.

Charaxes and Charaxus, a Mitylenean, brother to Sappho, who became passionately fond of the courtesan Rhodope, upon whom he squandered all his possessions, and reduced himself to poverty, and the necessity of piratical excursions. Ovid, Heroides, poem 17, li. 117.—Herodotus, bk. 2, ch. 135, &c.

Charuxus, one of the centaurs. Ovid, Metamorphoses, bk. 12, li. 272.

Chares, an Athenian general.——A statuary of Lindus, who was 12 years employed in making the famous Colossus of Rhodes. Pliny, bk. 34, ch. 7.——A man who wounded Cyrus when fighting against his brother Artaxerxes.——An historian of Mitylene, who wrote a life of Alexander.——An Athenian who fought with Darius against Alexander. Curtius, bk. 4, ch. 5.——A river of Peloponnesus. Plutarch, Aratus.

Charĭcles, one of the 30 tyrants set over Athens by the Lacedæmonians. Xenophon, Memorabilia, bk. 1.—Aristotle, Politics, bk. 5, ch. 6.——A famous physician under Tiberius. Tacitus, Annals, bk. 6, ch. 50.

Chariclīdes, an officer of Dionysius the younger, whom Dion gained to dethrone the tyrant. Diodorus, bk. 16.

Charĭclo, the mother of Tiresias, greatly favoured by Minerva. Apollodorus, bk. 3, ch. 6.——A daughter of Apollo, who married the centaur Chiron. Ovid, Metamorphoses, bk. 2, li. 635.

Charidēmus, a Roman exposed to wild beasts. Martial, bk. 1, ltr. 44.——An Athenian banished by Alexander, and killed by Darius, &c.

Charĭla, a festival observed once in nine years by the Delphians. It owes its origin to this circumstance: In a great famine the people of Delphi assembled and applied to their king to relieve their wants. He accordingly distributed the little corn which he had among the noblest; but as a poor little girl, called Charila, begged the king with more than common earnestness, he beat her with his shoe, and the girl, unable to bear his treatment, hanged herself in her girdle. The famine increased; and the oracle told the king that, to relieve his people, he must atone for the murder of Charila. Upon this a festival was instituted, with expiatory rites. The king presided over this institution, and distributed pulse and corn to such as attended. Charila’s image was brought before the king, who struck it with his shoe; after which it was carried to a desolate place, where they put a halter round its neck, and buried it where Charila was buried. Plutarch, Quæstiones Græcæ.

Charilāus and Charillus, a son of Polydectes king of Sparta, educated and protected by his uncle Lycurgus. He made war against Argos, and attacked Tegea. He was taken prisoner, and released on promising that he would cease from war, an engagement which he soon broke. He died in the 64th year of his age. Pausanias, bk. 2, ch. 36; bk. 6, ch. 48.——A Spartan who changed the monarchical power into an aristocracy. Aristotle, Politics, bk. 5, ch. 12.

Charillus, one of the ancestors of Leutychides. Herodotus, bk. 8, ch. 131.

Charīni and Carīni, a people of Germany. Pliny, bk. 4, ch. 14.

Charis, a goddess among the Greeks, surrounded with pleasures, graces, and delight. She was the wife of Vulcan. Homer, Iliad, bk. 18, li. 382.

Charisia, a town of Arcadia. Pausanias, bk. 8, ch. 3.——A festival in honour of the Graces, with dances which continued all night. He who continued awake the longest was rewarded with a cake.

Charisius, an orator at Athens. Cicero, Brutus, ch. 83.

Charistia, festivals at Rome celebrated on the 20th of February, by the distribution of mutual presents, with the intention of reconciling friends and relations. Valerius Maximus, bk. 2, ch. 1.—Ovid, Fasti, bk. 2.

Charĭtes and Gratiæ, the Graces, daughters of Venus by Jupiter or Bacchus, are three in number—Aglaia, Thalia, and Euphrosyne. They were the constant attendants of Venus, and they were represented as three young, beautiful, and modest virgins, all holding one another by the hand. They presided over kindness, and all good offices, and their worship was the same as that of the nine muses, with whom they had a temple in common. They were generally represented naked, because kindness ought to be done with sincerity and candour. The moderns explain the allegory of their holding their hands joined, by observing that there ought to be a perpetual and never-ceasing intercourse of kindness and benevolence among friends. Their youth denotes the constant remembrance that we ought ever to have of kindnesses received; and their virgin purity and innocence teach us that acts of benevolence ought to be done without any expectation of restoration, and that we ought never to suffer others or ourselves to be guilty of base or impure favours. Homer speaks only of two Graces.

Charĭton, a writer of Aphrodisium, at the latter end of the fourth century. He composed a Greek romance called The Loves of Chæreas and Callirhoe, which has been much admired for its elegance, and the originality of the characters it describes. There is a very learned edition of Chariton, by Reiske, with D’Orville’s notes, 2 vols., 4to, Amsterdam, 1750.

Charmădas, a philosopher of uncommon memory. Pliny, bk. 7, ch. 24.

Charme and Carme, the mother of Britomartis by Jupiter.

Charmides, a Lacedæmonian, sent by the king to quell a sedition in Crete. Pausanias, bk. 3, ch. 2.——A boxer. Pausanias, bk. 6, ch. 7.——A philosopher of the third academy, B.C. 95.

Charmīnus, an Athenian general, who defeated the Peloponnesians. Thucydides, bk. 8, ch. 42.

Charmione, a servant-maid of Cleopatra, who stabbed herself after the example of her mistress. Plutarch, Antonius.

Charmis, a physician of Marseilles, in Nero’s age, who used cold baths for his patients, and prescribed medicines contrary to those of his cotemporaries. Pliny, bk. 21, ch. 1.

Charmosy̆na, a festival in Egypt. Plutarch, de Iside et Osiride.

Charmotas, a part of Arabia.

Charmus, a poet of Syracuse, some of whose fragments are found scattered in Athenæus.

Charon, a Theban, who received into his house Pelopidas and his friends, when they delivered Thebes from tyranny, &c. Plutarch, Pelopidas.——An historian of Lampsacus, son of Pytheus, who wrote two books on Persia, besides other treatises, B.C. 479.——An historian of Naucratis, who wrote a history of his country and of Egypt.——A Carthaginian writer, &c.——A god of hell, son of Erebus and Nox, who conducted the souls of the dead in a boat over the rivers Styx and Acheron to the infernal regions, for an obolus. Such as had not been honoured with a funeral were not permitted to enter his boat, without previously wandering on the shore for 100 years. If any living person presented himself to cross the Stygian lake, he could not be admitted before he showed Charon a golden bough, which he had received from the Sibyl, and Charon was imprisoned for one year, because he had ferried over, against his own will, Hercules, without this passport. Charon is represented as an old robust man, with a hideous countenance, long white beard, and piercing eyes. His garment is ragged and filthy, and his forehead is covered with wrinkles. As all the dead were obliged to pay a small piece of money for their admission, it was always usual, among the ancients, to place under the tongue of the deceased a piece of money for Charon. This fable of Charon and his boat is borrowed from the Egyptians, whose dead were carried across a lake, where sentence was passed on them, and according to their good or bad actions, they were honoured with a splendid burial, or left unnoticed in the open air. See: Acherusia. Diodorus, bk. 1.—Seneca, Hercules Furens, li. 765.—Virgil, Æneid, bk. 6, li. 298, &c.

Charondas, a man of Catana, who gave laws to the people of Thurium, and made a law that no man should be permitted to come armed into the assembly. He inadvertently broke this law, and when told of it he fell upon his sword, B.C. 446. Valerius Maximus, bk. 6, li. 5.

Charonea, a place of Asia, &c.

Charonia scrobs, a place of Italy emitting deadly vapours. Pliny, bk. 2, ch. 23.

Charonium, a cave near Nysa, where the sick were supposed to be delivered from their disorders by certain superstitious solemnities.

Charops and Charŏpes, a Trojan killed by Ulysses. Homer, Iliad.——A powerful Epirot who assisted Flaminius when making war against Philip the king of Macedonia. Plutarch, Titus Flamininus.——The first decennial archon at Athens. Paterculus, bk. 1, ch. 8.

Charybdis, a dangerous whirlpool on the coast of Sicily, opposite another whirlpool called Scylla, on the coast of Italy. It was very dangerous to sailors, and it proved fatal to part of the fleet of Ulysses. The exact situation of the Charybdis is not discovered by the moderns, as no whirlpool sufficiently tremendous is now found to correspond with the descriptions of the ancients. The words,

Incidit in Scyllam qui vult vitare Charybdim,

became a proverb, to show that in our eagerness to avoid one evil, we often fall into a greater. The name of Charybdis was properly bestowed on mistresses who repay affection and tenderness with ingratitude. It is supposed that Charybdis was an avaricious woman, who stole the oxen of Hercules, for which theft she was struck with thunder by Jupiter, and changed into a whirlpool. Lycophron, Cassandra.—Homer, Odyssey, bk. 12.—Propertius, bk. 3, poem 11.—Silius Italicus, bk. 14.—Ovid, Ex Ponto, bk. 4, ltr. 10; Amores, bk. 2, poem 16.—Virgil, Æneid, bk. 3, li. 420.

Chaubi and Chauci, people of Germany, supposed to inhabit the country now called Friesland and Bremen.

Chaula, a village of Egypt.

Chauros. See: Caurus.

Chelæ, a Greek word (χηλη), signifying claws, which is applied to the Scorpion, one of the signs of the zodiac, and lies, according to the ancients, contiguous to Virgo. Virgil, Georgics, bk. 1, li. 33.

Cheles, a satrap of Seleucus, &c.

Chelĭdon, a mistress of Verres. Cicero, Against Verres, bk. 1, ch. 40.

Chelīdŏnia, a festival at Rhodes, in which it was customary for boys to go begging from door to door and singing certain songs, &c. Athenæus.——The wind Favonius was called also Chelidonia, from the 6th of the ides of February to the 7th of the calends of March, the time when swallows first made their appearance. Pliny, bk. 2, ch. 47.

Chelīdoniæ, now Kelidoni, small islands opposite the promontory of Taurus of the same name, very dangerous to sailors. Dionysius Periegetes, li. 506.—Pliny, bk. 5, chs. 27 & 31.—Livy, bk. 33, ch. 41.

Chelĭdŏnis, a daughter of king Leotychides, who married Cleonymus, and committed adultery with Acrotatus. Plutarch, Pyrrhus.

Chelidŏnium, a promontory of mount Taurus, projecting into the Pamphylian sea.

Chelŏne, a nymph changed into a tortoise by Mercury, for not being present at the nuptials of Jupiter and Juno, and condemned to perpetual silence for having ridiculed these deities.

Chelōnis, a daughter of Leonidas king of Sparta, who married Cleombrotus. She accompanied her father, whom her husband had expelled, and soon after went into banishment with her husband, who had in his turn been expelled by Leonidas. Plutarch, Agis & Cleomenes.

Chelonophăgi, a people of Carmania, who fed upon turtle, and covered their habitations with the shells. Pliny, bk. 6, ch. 24.

Chelydoria, a mountain of Arcadia.

Chemmis, an island in a deep lake of Egypt. Herodotus, bk. 2, ch. 156.

Chena, a town of Laconia.

Chenæ, a village on mount Œta. Pausanias, bk. 10, ch. 24.

Chenion, a mountain in Asia Minor, from which the 10,000 Greeks first saw the sea. Diodorus, bk. 14.

Chenius, a mountain near Colchis.

Cheops and Cheospes, a king of Egypt, after Rhampsinitus, who built famous pyramids, upon which 1060 talents were expended only in supplying the workmen with leeks, parsley, garlic, and other vegetables. Herodotus, bk. 2, ch. 124.

Chephren, a brother of Cheops, who also built a pyramid. The Egyptians so inveterately hated these two royal brothers, that they publicly reported, that the pyramids which they had built had been erected by a shepherd. Herodotus, bk. 2, ch. 127.

Cheremocrătes, an artist who built Diana’s temple at Ephesus, &c. Strabo, bk. 14.

Cherisŏphus, a commander of 800 Spartans, in the expedition which Cyrus undertook against his brother Artaxerxes. Diodorus, bk. 14.

Cheronæa. See:Chæronea.

Cherŏphon, a tragic writer of Athens, in the age of Philip. Philostratus, Lives.

Cherronēsus. See: Chersonesus.

Chersias, an Orchomenian, reconciled to Periander by Chilo. Pausanias praises some of his poetry, bk. 9, ch. 38.

Chersidămas, a Trojan killed by Ulysses in the Trojan war. Ovid, Metamorphoses, bk. 13, li. 259.

Chersiphro, an architect, &c. Pliny, bk. 36, ch. 14.

Chersonēsus, a Greek word, rendered by the Latins Peninsula. There were many of these among the ancients, of which these five were the most celebrated: one called Peloponnesus; one called Thracian, in the south of Thrace and west of the Hellespont, where Miltiades led a colony of Athenians, and built a wall across the isthmus. From its isthmus to its further shores, it measured 420 stadia, extending between the bay of Melas and the Hellespont. The third, called Taurica, now Crim Tartary, was situate near the Palus Mæotis. The fourth, called Cimbrica, now Jutland, is in the northern parts of Germany; and the fifth, surnamed Aurea, lies in India, beyond the Ganges. Herodotus, bk. 6, ch. 33; bk. 7, ch. 58.—Livy, bk. 31, ch. 16.—Cicero, Brutus, ch. 2.——Also a peninsula near Alexandria in Egypt. Hirtius, Alexandrine War, ch. 10.

Cherusci, a people of Germany, who long maintained a war against Rome. They inhabited the country between the Weser and the Elbe. Tacitus.—Cæsar, Gallic War, bk. 6, ch. 9.

Chidnæi, a people near Pontus.

Chidōrus, a river of Macedonia near Thessalonica, not sufficiently large to supply the army of Xerxes with water. Herodotus, bk. 7, ch. 127.

Chiliarchus, a great officer of state at the court of Persia. Cornelius Nepos, Conon.

Chilius and Chileus, an Arcadian, who advised the Lacedæmonians, when Xerxes was in Greece, not to desert the common cause of their country. Herodotus, bk. 9, ch. 9.

Chilo, a Spartan philosopher who has been called one of the seven wise men of Greece. One of his maxims was “Know thyself.” He died through excess of joy, in the arms of his son, who had obtained a victory at Olympia, B.C. 597. Pliny, bk. 7, ch. 33.—Diogenes Laërtius.——One of the Ephori at Sparta, B.C. 556.

Chilonis, the wife of Theopompus king of Sparta. Polyænus, bk. 8.

Chimæra, a celebrated monster, sprung from Echidna and Typhon, which had three heads, that of a lion, of a goat, and a dragon, and continually vomited flames. The fore parts of its body were those of a lion, the middle was that of a goat, and the hinder parts were those of a dragon. It generally lived in Lycia, about the reign of Jobates, by whose orders Bellerophon, mounted on the horse Pegasus, overcame it. This fabulous tradition is explained by the recollection that there was a burning mountain in Lycia, called Chimæra, whose top was the resort of lions, on account of its desolate wilderness; the middle, which was fruitful, was covered with goats; and at the bottom the marshy ground abounded with serpents. Bellerophon is said to have conquered the Chimæra, because he first made his habitation on that mountain. Plutarch says that it was the captain of some pirates, who adorned their ship with the images of a lion, a goat, and a dragon. From the union of the Chimæra with Orthos sprung the Sphinx and the lion of Nemæa. Homer, Iliad, bk. 6, li. 181.—Hesiod, Theogony, li. 322.—Apollodorus, bk. 1, ch. 9; bk. 2, ch. 3.—Lucretius, bk. 5, li. 903.—Ovid, Metamorphoses, bk. 9, li. 646.—Virgil, Æneid, bk. 6, li. 288.——One of the ships in the fleet of Æneas. Virgil, Æneid, bk. 5, li. 118.

Chimarus, a river of Argolis. Pausanias, bk. 2, ch. 36.

Chimerium, a mountain of Phthiotis, in Thessaly. Pliny, bk. 4, ch. 8.

Chiomara, a woman who cut off the head of a Roman tribune when she had been taken prisoner, &c. Plutarch, de Mulierum Virtutes.

Chion, a Greek writer, whose epistles were edited cum notis Cobergi, 8vo, Lipscomb, 1765.

Chiŏne, a daughter of Dædalion, of whom Apollo and Mercury became enamoured. To enjoy her company, Mercury lulled her to sleep with his Caduceus, and Apollo, in the night, under the form of an old woman, obtained the same favours as Mercury. From this embrace Chione became mother of Philammon and Autolycus, the former of whom, as being son of Apollo, became an excellent musician; and the latter was equally notorious for his robberies, of which his father Mercury was the patron. Chione grew so proud of her commerce with the gods, that she even preferred her beauty to that of Diana, for which impiety she was killed by the goddess, and changed into a hawk. Ovid, Metamorphoses, bk. 11, fable 8.——A daughter of Boreas and Orithyia, who had Eumolpus by Neptune. She threw her son into the sea, but he was preserved by his father. Apollodorus, bk. 3, ch. 15.—Pausanias, bk. 1, ch. 38.——A famous prostitute. Martial, bk. 3, ltr. 34.