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A Concise Dictionary of Middle English from A.D. 1150 to 1580 cover

A Concise Dictionary of Middle English from A.D. 1150 to 1580

Chapter 13: B.
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About This Book

The volume is a concise alphabetical dictionary of Middle English vocabulary (c.1150–1580), compiled for students and readers. Entries present principal spellings and variants, brief definitions, etymologies, and abundant citations drawn from representative specimen texts and glossaries; references point readers to full contexts in the referenced editions. The editors prioritize forms typical of the Chaucer–Piers Plowman period and note French influence, with cross-references and additions enabling expansion of entries. Preface and explanatory notes outline sources, editorial principles, and conventions for abbreviations and underlining.

B.

Ba, adj. and conj. both, S.—AS. , both.

Baar, pt. s. bare, carried, C, W; see Beren.

Babelen, v. to babble, P.

Babelyng, sb. babbling, S3.

Baber-lipped, adj. having thick lips, P, Prompt.

Babishe, adj. babyish, S3.

Bacheler, sb. a bachelor, an unmarried man, C, C2; a novice in the church, or arms, young knight, P.—OF. bacheler.

Bachelerie, sb. state of bachelor, CM, MD; bachelrye, company of young men, C2.—OF. bachelerie.

Bacin, sb. basin, cymbal, a light helmet, MD; bacyn, helmet, MD.—OF. bacin.

Bacinet, sb. helmet, MD; bacenett, Prompt.; basnetes, pl., S3.—OF. bacinet.

Bacoun, sb. bacon, C, PP; bacon, PP.—OF. bacon.

Bad, pt. s. prayed, S; see Bidden.

Bad, pt. s. bade, C2; see Beoden.

Badde, adj. bad, PP; badder, comp. worse, C2.

Baddeliche, adv. badly, PP, HD.

Bade, pt. s. remained, S3; see Biden.

Bagage, sb. dregs, refuse, S3; baggage, ND.

Baid, pt. pl. remained, S3; see Biden.

Baie, in phr.: to baie, at bay, S2; see Bay.

Baili, sb. stewardship, villicatio, W; baillye, power of a bailiff, G.—OF. bailie, power.

Baili, sb. steward, villicus, W; baillif, bailiff, C; bailliues, pl., bailiffs, P; bayllyues, P.—OF. baillif.

Baill, sb. sorrow, S3; see Bale.

Bair, adj. bare, S3; see Bare.

Bairnis, sb. pl. bairns, S3; see Barn.

Baiten, v. to feed, C2, S3; bayte, S2, C3.—Icel. beita.

Bak, sb. back, PP, C; cloth for the back, cloak, coarse mantle, C3; bac, S.—AS. bæc.

Bak-biten, v. to backbite, slander, P.

Bak-bitere, sb. backbiter, S.

Bak-bitynge, sb. backbiting, P.

Baken, v. to bake, MD; boke, pt. s., MD; book, MD; baken, pp., P; bakenn, S; bake, C, C2, P; y-baken, P; y-bake, P.—AS. bacan.

Bakere, sb. baker, MD; bakers, pl., PP.

Bakestere, sb. baker, P; baxter, NED, P.—AS. bæcestre, woman-baker (also used of men).

Bald; see Bold.

Balde, pt. s. encouraged, S; see Bolden.

Bale, sb. sorrow, misfortune, death, S, C3; destruction, S2; baill, S3; bales, pl., evils, torments, H; balys, S3.—AS. bealu.

Bale-drinch, sb. a deadly drink, S.

Bale-ful, adj. baleful, evil, MD.—AS. bealoful.

Bale-fully, adv. miserably; balfully, S2, MD.

Balene, sb. whale, S2, Voc.—Lat. balaena.

Bali, adj. grievous, S, NED.—AS. bealu, baleful: Goth. balws (in compounds).

Balies, sb. pl. bellies, S2, PP; see Bely.

Balke, sb. balk, beam, ridge, MD; balks, pl. ridges, divisions of land, S3; balkes, P.—AS. balca.

Balled, adj. bald, C, PP; ballede, S2, PP.

Baly; see Bely.

Ban, sb. bone, S, S2; banes, pl., S2; see Bon.

Band, pt. s. bound, S; see Binden.

Bane, sb. destruction, death, bane, poison, PP, C; bone, PP.—AS. bana, bona.

Banere, sb. banner, S, PP, Prompt.; baner, S2, C, PP.—OF. baniere.

Banere, sb. banner-bearer, NED.—OF. banere; Low Lat. bannator; from bannum, bandum, standard.

Baneur, sb. banner-bearer, S2; see Banyour.

Bank, sb. a bank, tumulus, PP; bonk, S2; bonkis, pl., S3; bonkez, S2.

Bannen, v. to ban, curse, summon, S2, S3, P; to forbid, prohibit severely, P; bonnen, MD; i-banned, pp., S.

Bannyng, sb. cursing, H.

Ban-wort, sb. bone-wort, S3, MD; see Bon.

Banyour, sb. banner-bearer, MD, S2; banyowre, Prompt.; banyer, MD; baneur, S2, NED; baneoure, PP.—AF. baneour, OF. baneor; Low Lat. *bannatorem.

Baptym, sb. baptism, S2, W; baptimys, pl. W.—OF. baptisme.

Bar, pt. s. bare, S, S2, C2; see Beren.

Barayn, adj. barren, S3; see Bareyne.

Barbarik, sb. barbarian, W.

Barbarus, sb. barbarian, W.

Barberyns, sb. pl. heathen men, W.

Barbour, sb. barber, C, NED; barboure, Prompt.—AF. barbour, OF. barbeor; Late Lat. barbatorem.

Barbre, adj. barbarous, S2, C3.

Bare, sb. bier, S; see Beere.

Bare, sb. a wave, billow, NED, S2 (8b. 38); beres, pl., NED; bieres, MD; beares, MD.—Icel. bára.

Bare, sb. boar, S2; see Boor.

Bare, adj. bare, simple, single, sheer, S, C; bair, bare, worn alone, S3. Comb.: baruot, barefoot, S.

Bare, sb. the open country, S; naked skin, W.

Barel, sb. barrel, C2.—OF. baril.

Baren, v. to make bare, uncover, S, MD; y-bared, pp., S3.—AS. barian.

Baret, sb. deceit, strife, NED; barrat, confusion, S3.—OF. barat, fraud; cp. Icel. barátta, a contest.

Bareyne, adj. barren, C, C2, PP; bareyn, W2; barayn, S3.—OF. baraigne.

Bareȝ, sb. a barrow-pig, S; see Barowe.

Bargane, sb. business, strife, combat, S2; bargayn, bargain, PP; bargeynes, pl., PP.—OF. bargaine.

Barly, sb. barley, MD, PP; barlic, S.

Barm, sb. bosom, S3, C2; berm, S.—AS. bearm.

Barmkyn, sb. rampart, S3; barnekin, the outermost wall of a castle, HD; barnekynch, MD.

Barmkyn-wall, sb. rampart-wall, S3.

Barn, sb. bairn, child, S, S2, H, PP; bern, S; barne, S3, P; bearnes, pl., S; bairnis, S3.—AS. bearn.

Barnage, sb. childhood, S2, MD.

Barnen, v. to burn, S, S2; see Bernen, Brennen.

Barnhede, sb. childhood, H, PP.

Barn-site, sb. sorrow felt for a child, S2, NED.—Icel. barn-sút.

Barn-team, sb. offspring, a family of children, MD; barntem, S2.—AS. bearn-téam.

Baronage, sb. the men, vassals of a feudal chief, S; assembly of barons, S2, C3; barnage, MD.—OF. barnage, Low Lat. baronagium.

Baroun, sb. baron, lord, PP; baronys, pl. PP.—OF. baron, acc. of bers, a man, a male.

Barowe, sb. barrow-pig, MD; bareȝ, S, NED.—AS. bearh.

Barrat, sb. confusion, S3; see Baret.

Barre, sb. bar of a door, C; bar of justice, G, PP; barres, pl., ornament of a girdle, C, PP.—OF. barre.

Barste, pt. s., burst, S2, PP; see Bresten.

Baselarde, sb. dagger, MD, PP, Prompt.; Baslard, PP.—AF. baselarde. OF. basalart (cp. Low Lat. bassilardus). Probably from Late Lat. badile, a billhook; see NED.

Basnetes, sb. pl., helmets, S3; see Bacinet.

Bataille, sb. battle, S, PP; bataile, PP; batayle, S2, C, PP; batayls, pl. battalions, S3.—OF. bataille.

Bataillen, v. to embattle, fortify, MD; batailed, pt. s., PP; bataylld, pp. embattled, C.—OF. bataillier.

Baten, v. to bate, abate, grow less, S2, MD; see Abaten.

Bateren, v. to batter, beat, pat, PP.—OF. bat-, stem of batre, with freq. suffix -er.

Baþe, adj. and conj. both, S, S2; see Bothe.

Baþiere, sb. water-pot, S.

Batte, sb. club, staff, bat, Prompt., Voc.; battis, pl., W.—OF. batte.

Battill, adj. rich for pasture, S3, JD; battle, HD.

Baudekyn, sb. a gold-embroidered stuff named from Bagdad, MD; bawdekyn, Prompt.; baudkin, S3.—OF. baudequin; Low Lat. baldakinus, from It. Baldacco, Bagdad.

Bauderye, sb. unchastity, foul conversation, MD; pandering, CM; bawdry, S3.

Bauderyk, sb. baldric, MD; bawderyke, Prompt.; bawdryk, C, Voc.

Baudry, sb. baldric, NED.—OF. baudrei, baldrei.

Baudy, adj. dirty, C3, P, Palsg.

Bauld; see Bold.

Baundoun, sb. discretion, freewill, power, S2; baundon, CM.—OF. bandon; Low Lat. *bandonem, from bandum for bannum, public proclamation.

Bausand, adj. marked with white, NED.—OF. bausant; cp. Prov. bausan, It. balzano.

Bauson, sb. badger, MD; bawsone, Prompt.; bawsyn, Voc.; bausenez, pl. S2; baucynes, MD. See above.

Bawd, pt. s. bade, commanded, S3; see Beoden.

Bawe-lyne, sb. bowline, HD, S2; see Bowe-lyne.

Baxtere, sb. female baker, PP; see Bakestere.

Bay, sb. noise made by the united songs of birds, S3; barking of dogs, MD, HD. Phr.: to baie, at bay, S2.—Cp. OF. abaier, to bark.

Bayard, sb. a bay horse, a horse, P, CM; baiardes, pl., P. Phr.: blynde bayardes, i.e. foolish people, lit. blind horses, HD, S3, MD, ND.—Cp. Low Lat. baiardus.

Bayn, adj. ready, willing, obedient, fair, pleasant, easy, good, NED; bayne, Manip.; beyn, Prompt., S3.—Icel. beinn.

Bayne, sb. bath, S3.—OF. bain.

Bayske, adj. bitter, H, MD; bask, MD, HD, JD; beȝȝsc, MD.—Icel. beiskr.

Be-, prefix. See in many cases Bi- words.

Beade; see Bidden.

Bearnen; see Bernen.

Bearyng in hand, sb. cajolery, S3; see Beren.

Be-bedden, v. to supply with a bed, S.

Beche, sb. valley, S; bæch, MD; bache, NED.

Be-chece, v. to choke, stifle, S, NED.

Bedde, sb. bed, PP.—AS. bedd.

Bedde-strawe, sb. bed, couch, stratum, Voc.; bedstre, W2.

Bede, sb. prayer, S, H, PP; beode, S; beyde, S3; bedes, pl. S2, S3, P; beads, C; beades, S3.—AS. (ge)bed.

Bedel, sb. messenger, herald, crier, beadle, H, P; bedeles, pl. S, H; bedelles, P.—OF. bedel; cp. AS. bydel. Cf. Budele.

Bede-man, sb. beadsman, one who prays for another, P; beodemon, S2, NED; beodeman, PP.

Beden, v. to command, to offer, S, S2, S3, C2; beode, S2; bedden, S; bidden, S; beot, pr. s. S; byt, C; bet, S; bead, pt. s., bed, S, S2; bawd, S3; bad, C2, S2; boden, pl. S; beden, S3; bode, S2; bede, pp. S2; bode, bodun, invited, W; bodyn, S2; bidde, C3.—AS. béodan.

Note that many of the above forms are confused with those of the verb Bidden.

Bede-sang, sb. the singing of the prayers, S, NED.

Bedred, adj. lying in bed, bedridden, CM, PP; bedreden, S2, P; bedrede, PP.—AS. bedreda and bedrida (Voc.).

Be-drenchen, v. to drench completely; be-dreynt, pt. pl., S3; pp. MD.

Bed-roll, sb. catalogue, ND. See Beyde-roule.

Bee, sb. bee, Voc.; been, pl. S3, C2, W2; beys, S3 (13. 244); bees, C2.—AS. béo.

Bee-; see Be-.

Beek, sb. beak, C2; bec, S; beekis, pl. PP.—OF. bec.

Beem, sb. beam, C, PP; beom, S; bem, MD.—AS. béam, tree, plank.

Beere, sb. bier, W, CM, MD; beer, C; bare, S, MD; beare, S3; bere, HD, MD; byears, pl. S3.—AS. bǽr; cp. OF. biere.

Beest, sb. beast, C, PP; best, PP, C, S, S2; bestes, pl. S, S2; beestes, S2.—OF. beste; Lat. bestia.

Beestli, adj. animal, W.

Beeten, v. to beat, W2, CM; beten, S, C; bet, pr. s. P; bet, imp. s. S2; beot, pt. s. P; beet, PP; bet, S3, PP; bette, P; beten, pl. S; beeten, W2; beten, pp. C2, G; bete, C2; betun, W2; y-beten, C2; y-bete, C; y-bette, P; i-beaten, S; ibete, C.—AS. béatan, pt. béot, pp. béaten.

Bege, sb. collar, S; see Beiȝ.

Beggen, v. to beg, PP, C2, Prompt., W (John 9. 8).

Beggere, sb. beggar, C, PP, W (John 9. 8).

Beggestere, sb. beggar, C, NED.

Be-grime, v. to smear, daub all over, S3.

Beild; see Belde.

Beiȝ, sb. a ring, collar, P; byȝe, PP; bege, collar, S; bie, W2; beies, pl. circlets of metal, S; biȝes, P; behes, PP.—AS. béah: Icel. baugr.

Bek, sb. brook, H, Voc., Prompt., MD; beckis, pl. H.—Icel. bekkr.

Bekken, v. to nod, C3; beken, Prompt.; beks, pr. s. S3.

Beknen, v. to beckon, show, S; bikenen, W2.—OMerc. bécnian (VP).

Bel, adj. beautiful, PP.—OF. bel.

Belamp; see Bilimpen.

Belde, sb. protection, shelter, MD, HD; beld, S2; beild, S3, JD.—AS. byldo, boldness, from beald. See Bold.

Belde, adj. big, blustering, S; see Bold.

Belden, v. to build, S3; see Bilden.

Beldinge, sb. building, S3.

Belle, sb. bell, S, C2, PP.—AS. belle.

Bellyche, adv. beautifully, S3, MD. See Bel.

Belphegor, sb. Baal Peor, H (p. 376).—Lat. Belphegor (Vulg.).

Belt, pp. built, S3; see Bilden.

Bely, sb. belly, bellows, MD, P; baly, S3; below, follis, Voc.; balies, pl. S2, PP.—AS. bælg.

Bely-ioye, sb. belly-joy, appetite, PP.

Belȝen, v. to swell, to be angry, MD; bollȝhenn, pp. MD; i-bolȝe, S.—AS. belgan, pt. bealh, (pl. bulgon), pp. bolgen.

Bemare, sb. trumpeter, S.—AS. bémere.

Beme, sb. trumpet, MD, Voc.; bemen, pl. S; beemes, C; beamous, S3.—OMerc. béme (VP).

Bemen, v. to sound a trumpet, S, NED.

Bemyng, sb. humming of bees, S3, JD.

Ben, v. to be, PP, S, S2; been, C; bien, bienn, S; buen, S2; beo, S, S2; bi, S, S2; bue, by, S2; beonne, bienne, ger. S; beoþ, pr. s. S; beþ, buð, byð, bið, S; beis, S3; bes, S2; beoþ, pl. S; bieþ, S; buð, S, S2; beth, S2, S3, C2; ben, W; bes, S2; bi, pr. s. subj. S; bie, S (s.v. Ibie); beo, pl. S; beth, imp. pl. C2, S2, S3; byeþ, S2; ben, pp. S; been, C; bue, S2; be, S3, C; y-be, S2; iben, S; ibeon, S; ibeo, S, S2; ibe, S, S2; ibi, S.—AS. béon.

Benam; see Binimen.

Benche, sb. bench, Prompt., PP.—AS. benc.

Benched, pp. furnished with benches, SD; y-benched, S3.

Bend, sb. bond, MD; bendes, pl. S, G; bende, dat. S, S2, G.—AS. bend: Goth. bandi.

Benden, v. to bend, Prompt., MD; bende, pt. s. MD; bent, MD; bend, pl. S2; y-bent, pp. S3; ye-bent, S3.—AS. bendan, to fasten a band or string to a bow.

Bene, sb. a prayer, S, S2, NED; benes, pl. S2.—AS. bén: OTeut. bóni-z, see Sievers, 268.

Bene, adj. pleasant, S, NED.

Benefet, sb. benefit, PP, MD; bynfet, PP; benfait, P; bienfetes, pl. P.—OF. bienfet; Lat. benefactum.

Bent, sb. coarse grass, small rushes, Manip., Voc., MD, HD.—Cp. OHG. binuz (G. binse).

Bent, sb. a moor, an open grassy place, NED, S, S3, C. See above.

Benumde; see Binimen.

Beo, Beoþ; see Ben.

Beo-, prefix; see Bi- words.

Beode, v. to pray, S; see Bidden.

Beodele; see Budele.

Berd, sb. beard, S, S2, C; berde, P, G; berdes, pl. S3.—AS. beard.

Bere, sb. beer, Prompt.; ber, S, MD.—AS. béor.

Bere, sb. noise, S, S2, MD, HD; ber, S2.—AS. (ge)bǽre; see I-bere.

Bere, sb. bear, C, MD, PP; beres, pl. C2; beores, PP.—AS. bera: OHG. bero.

Bere, sb. bier, HD, MD. See Beere.

Bere, sb. barley, MD; beir, S3; beris, gen., S3.—AS. bere.

Bere-lepe, sb. basket, H; berlepe, H; barlep, basket for keeping barley in, HD. See Lepe.

Beren, v. to bear; bere, S, W; berþ, pr. s., S2; beoreð, pl., S; bar, pt. s., S, S2, C2; bare, S2; ber, S2, C3; baar, W; bure, S3; beore, pl., S; boren, pp. born, S2; borun, W2; iboren, S; iborn, S; ibore, S, S2; y-boren, C2; y-born, C2; y-bore, S2, C2, Phr. bereth on hand, persuades, makes (him) believe, assures, S3; berth hir on hond, beareth false witness against her, C3.—AS. beran.

Beren, v. to cry, make a noise, MD, HD; bere, to low as a cow, PP; see Bere.

Bergh, sb. hill, PP; berghe, PP; beruh, PP; berwe, PP; berghe, dat., P.—AS. beorg; cp. OIr. bri (Windisch).

Beriall, adj. blueish-green, beryl-coloured, S3. See Beril.

Berie, sb. berry, C; bery, Prompt.; beries, pl. grapes, S, PP.—AS. berige.

Berien, v. to pierce, strike, MD; bery, to thresh, Cath.—Icel. berja, to strike; cp. Lat. ferire.

Beril, sb. beryl, MD; berel, MD.—OF. beril; Lat. beryllus; Gr. βήρυλλος.

Beringe, sb. birth, behaviour, bearing, C2, S; berynge, PP; see Beren.

Berken, v. to bark, S2, PP; berkyd, pt. s., S2.—AS. beorcan.

Berkere, sb. watch-dog, PP.

Berkyng, sb. barking, C.

Berme, sb. harm, Prompt., S; berm, C3.—AS. beorma.

Bern, sb. a man, PP, HD; berne, PP; burn, S2; burne, S2; beorn, MD; burnes, pl., S2; biernes, P.—AS. beorn.

Bern, sb. barn, C2, MD; beren, S (12. 263), MD; berne, S; dat., C3, W; bernes, pl., W, W2, P.—AS. bern: ONorth. ber-ern, i.e. barley-house.

Bern; see Barn.

Bernacle, sb. a snaffle for a horse, W2; barnacle, Voc., NED.

Bernake, sb. an instrument set on the nose of unruly horses, Voc.; bernak, Prompt.—OF. bernac.

Bernake, sb. barnacle, a fabulous kind of goose, S2, MD, NED.—OF. bernaque; cp. Low Lat. bernaca.

Bernen, v. to burn, MD, S, S2; barnen, MD, S; bearnen, S; beornen, S; birnen, S; barnde, pt. s., S2; barnd, pp., S2.—AS. beornan. Cf. Brennen.

Bersten, v. to burst, S, C; see Bresten.

Berstles, sb. pl. bristles, C; see Brystylle.

Berwe; see Bergh.

Berynes; see Burinisse.

Berȝen, v. to help, deliver, preserve, NED; berwen, S; berrȝhenn, S; beregeð, pr. s., S; iborhen, pp., S; iboreȝe, S; iboruwen, S.—AS. beorgan.

Besaunt, sb. a gold coin named from Byzantium, W, MD; besauntes, pl., S3; besauntis, W.—OF. besant.

Besene, Besie; see Bisen.

Be-slombred, pp. dirtied, bedaubed, S3; beslombered, NED.

Besme, sb. besom, rod, Prompt.; besmes, pl., S; besyms, W; besmen, dat., S.—AS. besma.

Best, adj. and adv. superl. best, PP; beast, S; bezste, S.

Beste, sb. advantage, S.

Be-steriinge, sb. bestirring, emotion, S2.

Be-swapen, pp. convicted, S.—AS. be-swápen, pp. of be-swápan, to persuade.

Bet, adv. comp. better, S, C, C2, S2, G; bette, P. Phr., go bet, go as fast as you can, C3; betere, adj. and adv. S, S2; betre, S, S2; bettre, S.

Betaken, v. to betoken, S2; see Bi-toknen.

Beten, v. to amend, S, S2, P, S3; beete, to kindle, C; beyt, S3; bet, pr. s., S; betten, pt. pl., kindled, C3; bet, pp., S, S2; ibet, S.—AS. bétan, pt. bétte, pp. béted. See Bote.

Beten, v. to beat, S, C, PP; see Beeten.

Be-thenchinge, sb. thinking upon, meditation, S2. See Bi-þenken.

Beuer, sb. beaver, S, Voc.; beuveyr, S.—AS. befer (beofer); cp. OHG. bibar.

Beyde-roule, sb. bead-roll, prayer-roll, catalogue of persons for whom prayers are to be said, S3; beadroll, bedroll, ND. See Bede.

Beye, v. to buy, CM, C3; see Biggen.

Beye, adj. both, S2; beien, S; beyne, S.—AS. begen.

Beyer, adj. gen. of both, PP; beire, PP, MD; beyre, MD.—AS. begra.

Beyn, adj. pliant, flexible, pleasant, S3, Prompt.; see Bayn.

Bi-, prefix, also be-, by-, beo-, b-.

Bi-bled, pp. covered with blood, C; bybled, MD; bebledd, S2, S3.

Bi-burien, v. to bury, MD; be-byrieden, pt. pl. S; bebyried, pp., S; bebered, S2.—AS. bi-byrgan.

Bi-cacchen, v. to catch, ensnare, MD; bi-cauhte, pt. s., MD; bi-keihte, S; bi-cought, pp., MD.

Bi-callen, v. to accuse, summon, MD, S; becallen, MD, HD.

Bi-cause, conj. because, MD; by-cause, C.

Bicche, sb. bitch, PP; bycche, PP.

Bicched, pp. a word of doubtful meaning, applied to the basilisk, and to bones used for dice, NED, CM, C3; byched, MD; bichede, NED.

Bi-chermen, v. to scream at, S.

Bi-cherren, v. to entice, mislead, betray, S; bicharre, S; bicherd, pp., S.—AS. be-cerran.

Bi-clappen, v. to lay hold of suddenly, C3; beclappe, Palsg.

Bi-clarten, v. to defile, make dirty, S, NED.

Bi-clepien, v. to accuse, S; bicleopien, S; bicleoped, pp., S.—AS. be-cleopian.

Bi-clippen, v. to embrace, W, W2; bi-clipped, pt. s. wrapped (him) round, S3; by-clypped, pp. surrounded, S2; bi-clippid, W.—AS. bi-clippan.

Bi-clusen, v. to enclose, S.—AS. be-clýsan.

Bi-colmen, v. to blacken with soot, S, NED (p. 722a), MD. See Culme.

Bi-comen, v. to come, go to, to befall, to become, befit, suit, PP, S2, S; bycome, PP, S2; bicom, pt. s., S; bycam, PP; bicome, pp., S2; bycome, S2; becomen, S3; bicumen, S.—AS. be-cuman.

Bi-cumelich, adj. comely, becoming, MD; bicumeliche, adv. becomingly, S.

Bi-daffed, pp. befooled, C2; bedaffed, NED.

Bidden, v. to beg, pray, ask, S, S2, PP; bydde, S2; beode, S; bit, pr. s., S, P; byd, S2; bad, pt. s., S, S2, PP; bede, subj., PP; beade, S; beden, pp. S; ibeden, S.—AS. biddan.

Note that some of the above forms are due to a confusion with those of the verb Beden.

Biddere, sb. asker, PP; bidders, pl. beggars, S2, P.

Biddinge, sb. prayer, S; biddynge, begging, P.

Biden, v. to bide, remain, PP; byden, S2, PP; bod, bode, pt. s., S2; bade, S3; baid, pl. abode, lived, S3.—AS. bídan.

Bidene, adv. together, S; at once, S2; bedene, NED; bydene, S2.

Bi-draueled, pp. slobbered, covered with grease, P.

Bie, sb. collar, W2; see Beiȝ.

Bienfet; see Benefet.

Biennales, sb. pl. biennials, biennial commemorations of the dead, P.

Bierne, sb. man, PP, HD; see Bern.

Bi-fallen, v. to befall, C; biualle, S; biful, pt. s. befell, S; byfyl, S2; befyl, S2; byfel, byfil, C; bifil, bifel, C2; bifelde, W2; bifalle, pp. befallen, S, S2, C; bifelde, W2; biualle, S.—AS. be-feallan.

Bi-flen, v. to fly from, S.—AS. be-fléon.

Bi-fleten, v. to flow round; biflette, pt. s., S, NED (p. 721 a).

Bi-foren, prep. before, S, C2; biuoren, S; byuoren, S; beforen, S; biforn, S2, C2, C3; bifore, S; bifor, S; befor, S2; beforne, S3.—AS. biforan.

Big, adj. big, C2; byg, PP; bigg, wealthy, S2, MD; bygge, pl., PP.

Bigat; see Biȝeten.

Biggen, v. to till, dwell, build, MD, PP, S (5. 1611); byggen, PP; biggand, pr. p., H.—Icel. byggja; cp. AS. búgian.

Biggen, v. to buy, S3, P; buggen, S, S2, PP; bygge, PP; beggen, MD; beye, C3; bij, S2; bye, S2; by, C3; bie, W2; buyeþ, pr. s., PP; buþ, S; bies, redeems, S2; bohte, pt. s., S; bouhte, S; boȝte, S2; bohton, pl., S; boȝte, S; bogt, pp., S; y-bouȝt, P.—AS. bycgan.

Biggere, sb. buyer, W; biere, W2.

Bi-gilen, v. to beguile, S, P; bigyle, C2, C3.

Bi-ginnen, v. to begin, S, S2; bigan, pt. s., S, C2; bigon, S; bigonne, 2 pt. s., C3; bigunnen, pt. pl., S; begouth, pt. s., S2, S3; bigunnen, pp., S; begunnon, S.—AS. be-ginnan.

Bi-gon, pp. surrounded, provided, set round, MD; be-gon, filled, S2.—AS. begán, pp. of begán, to go round, surround.

Bi-greden, v. to cry out at, to lament, S; begredde, pt. pl., MD.

Bi-gripen, v. to seize, MD; be-gripe, pp., S.—AS. be-grípan, to chide.

Bi-growe, pp. overgrown, S; begrowe, MD.

Bi-grucchen, v. to begrudge, murmur at, P; bygrucche, PP.

Bi-gurdel, sb. a purse, PP.—AS. bí-gyrdel (Matt. 10.9).

Bi-gynandly, adv. at the beginning, H. See Biginnan.

Bi-hangen, v. to deck, clothe, MD; bi-hengen, pt. pl. hung about, S.—AS. be-hón.

Bi-healde, v. to behold; bihalden, S2; see Bi-holden.

Bi-heden, v. to behead, MD; bi-hedide, pt. s., W; biheedid, pp., W.—AS. be-héafdian.

Bi-heste, sb. promise, S, S2, C2, P; byheste, S2; beheste, S2; byhest, S2; bihese, S; biheest, W; bihese, pl., S.—AS. be-hǽs.

Bi-heten, v. to promise, S, C3, W; bihote, S, S2, P; byhote, C; beohote, S2; bihat, pr. s., S; bihet, pt. s., S, S2; bihiȝte, W; behighte, S2; behihte, S2; bihight, P; biheyhte, S; bihoten, pp., S; byhote, S2; behote, S; named, S3.—AS. be-hátan. See NED (s.v. behight).

Bi-heue, adj. profitable, S, MD.—AS. be-héfe, necessary; from *bihóf, utility (in behóflic). See Bihouely.

Bi-hinde, prep. behind, S; adv. S2; bihynde, backwards, W2; = to come, future, C3.

Bi-holden, v. to hold, to behold, PP, C, MD; bi-healde, S; bihalden, S2; bihalt, pr. s., S; biheold, pt. s., S; beoheold, S2; bihuld, S2; biheolt, S; biholde, pp., W2, C3; beholdinge wrongly used for beholden, indebted, S3.—AS. be-healdan.

Bihote; see Biheten.

Bi-houe, sb. dat. advantage, MD; biofþe, S2. Cf. Biheue.

Bi-houely, adj. behoveful, necessary, CM, MD; behouelich, S2.—AS. be-hóflic.

Bi-houeþ, pr. s. behoveth, needs, S, C2, P; behoueþ, S2; byhoueþ, S2; bihoues, S; byhoues, pr. pl., are obliged to, S2; behoued, pt. s., S; bihofte, W.—AS. be-hófian.

Bi-huden, v. to hide, MD; by-hud, imp. s., S.—AS. be-hýdan.

Bi-iapen, v. to deceive, befool, MD; byiaped, pp., C, C3, PP.

Bijs; see Bisse.

Bikeihte; see Bicacchen.

Bikenen, v. to beckon, W2; see Beknen.

Bi-kennedd, pp. begotten, MD.

Bi-kennen, v. to commit, commend, to signify, MD; bikenned, pt. s. recommended, S2; bekenned, S2.

Biker, sb. a fight, MD, HD.

Bikeren, v. to fight, PP, HD; bekeryn, Prompt.; byckarte, pt. pl. skirmished, S3.

Bi-knowen, v. to acknowledge, know, P, C3; byknowe, C; beknowe, S2; biknew, pt. s., C; biknewe, pl., S; biknowen, pp., favourably received, P.

Bilæde, pt. s. enclosed, S; see Bi-leggen.

Bilæuen, v. to remain, S; see Bi-leuen.

Bild, sb. building, S3.

Bilden, v. to build, PP, W, CM, MD; bulden, MD; belden, MD, S3; bulde, pt. s., C, MD; bildide, W; bildiden, pt. pl., W; bilden, W2; belt, pp., S3; y-buld, S2, S3; y-beld, S3.—Probably from AS. bold, dwelling.

Bile; see Bule.

Bi-leden, v. to use, treat, MD; biledet (for biledeþ), pr. pl., S.—AS. be-lǽdan.

Bi-lefful, adj. believing, S, MD.

Bi-leggen, v. to lay (something) on, cover, to prove, explain, MD; bileist, 2 pr. s., glozest, S, MD; bilæde, pt. s., enclosed, S.—AS. bi-lecgan, to cover.

Bi-leue, sb. belief, S, S2, PP, C3; beleaue, S; byleue, PP; belaue, S; bileaue, S; biliaue, S; beoleeue, S2, PP; bilefues, pl., S.—Cp. AS. (ge)léafa.

Bileue; see Biliue.

Bi-leuen, v. to believe, PP, MD, S; beleue, S; bilefeð, pr. pl., S; biliueð, S; bilefden, pt. pl., S.

Bi-leuen, v. to leave, forsake, renounce, HD, MD; bilef, imp. s., S, MD.—Cp. AS. lǽfan, to leave.

Bi-leuen, v. to remain, be left, MD, CM, C2, S2, HD; byleue, HD; bilæuen, S; bileaue, S; bilefue, S; bleuen, S2; blefþ, pr. s., S2; bileued, pp. left remaining, G; byleued, G.—AS. be-lǽfan.

Bilfoder, sb. food, sustenance, S2, MD; bilfodur, NED.

Bi-liggen, v. to belong to, MD; bi-lien, pr. pl., S.—AS. bi-licgan, to lie round.

Bi-likien, v. to make pleasing, MD; bi-liked, pp. made pleasing, S.

Bi-limpen, v. to happen, to belong to, S; belimpen, S; belamp, pt. s., S.—AS. be-limpan.

Bi-linnen, v. to cease, to be silent, to make to cease, MD; by-linne, G; blinnen, S, S2, C3; blyne, S3; blynne, S2; blin, S2; blan, pt. s., MD; blane, S3.—AS. blinnan (= be + linnan, to cease, to be deprived of), pt. blann (pl. blunnon), p. blunnen.

Bi-liue, adv. quickly, S, S2; bylyue, S2; belyue, S2, S3; bliue, S, S2; blyue, S3.—AS. be lífe, with life.

Bi-liue, sb. food, sustenance, S (4b.102), MD; bylyue, PP; bileoue, MD; bileue, S, SD.—AS. bigleofa; cp. OHG. bilibi.

Bi-liuen, v. to live by, S.—AS. bi-libban.

Bille, sb. papal bull, petition, PP; see Bulle.

Bille, sb. bill, beak, S, C; bylle, Voc.—AS. bile.

Billen, v. to peck with the bill, S.

Billet, sb. a piece of firewood; byllets, pl., S3 (26. 785).

Bi-loken, v. to look upon, regard, MD; be-locest, 2 pr. s., S.

Bi-long on, prep. pertaining to, S.

Bi-luken, v. to enclose, lock up, imprison, include, MD; biloken, pp., S; beloken, S; bilouked, S2, MD.—AS. be-lúcan.

Bi-lyen, v. to lie against, accuse falsely, MD; belye, P; bilowen, pp., S2, P, MD.—AS. be-léogan, pp. belogen.

Bi-masen, v. to confuse, SkD (s.v. maze).

Bi-menen, v. to mean, to bemoan, MD, HD; bymenen, P; bemenen, S2, P; biment, pp., S.—AS. bi-mǽnan.

Bi-mening, sb. bemoaning, S.

Bi-mong, prep. among, S, MD.

Bi-mornen, v. to mourn over, MD, W; bimurnen, S.—AS. bi-murnan.

Bi-mowe, v. to mock, W2.

Binam, Binom; pt. s. of Bi-nimen.

Binden, v. to bind, S; band, pt. s., S; bond, S2, G, C2; bunden, pl., S; bunden, pp., S; bundyn, S2; bunde, ibunde, S; bounden, S, C2; y-bounde, S2, S3, C2; y-bound, S3; ibunde, S.—AS. bindan.

Bi-nemnen, v. to declare, stipulate; by-nempt, pt. s. promised, S3.—AS. be-nemnan.

Bi-neðe, prep. and adv. beneath, S2; byneþe, C; bineþen, S.—AS. be-neoðan.

Bi-nimen, v. to take from, MD; bynymen, S; benymen, S2; bineome, pr. s. subj. deprive, S; binam, pt. s., P; binom, S2; benam, S; bynome, pp., P; benumde, S3.—AS. be-niman.

Binne, sb. bin, chest, MD; bynne, C, Voc.—AS. binn, manger.

Binne, adv. and prep. within, S; bynne, S2; bine, S.—AS. binnan (for be-innan).

Bi-queste, sb. bequest, P, MD.—A deriv. of cweðan, see NED.

Bi-quethen, v. to bequeath, MD, CM, PP; byquethen, C, G; bi-queth, pt. s., S2; biquath, PP, G.—AS. bi-cwéðan.

Bi-quide, sb. bequest, 82; bequide, MD.—Cp. AS. cwide, a will.

Birafte; see Bireuen.

Bird, pt. s. impers. (it) behoved, S2; birrde, S; see Bureth.

Bird, sb. a young bird, MD; see Brid.

Birded, pt. pl. laid snares for birds, S3.

Bire, sb. dat. force, impetus, W; see Bur.

Bi-reden, v. reflex. to take counsel, MD; by-rad, pp. determined, resolved, S2.

Bi-reinen, v. to rain upon, bedew, MD; be-rayne, pr. pl. berain, S3; birine, subj. S; beraynde, pt. pl. S3.

Bi-reusien, v. to lament, regret, MD, S; bireused, pp. S.—AS. be-hréowsian, to feel remorse.

Bireusunge, sb. contrition, S.

Bi-reuen, v. to bereave, C3, P; birafte, pt. s. C2; bireued, pp., S; byreued, G; byraft, C.—AS. bi-réafian, to deprive of.

Bi-rinnen, v. to run with moisture, MD; bi-runne, pp. bedewed with tears, S.—AS. bi-rinnan, to run as a liquid, bi-runnen, pp. Birle, sb. cup-bearer, MD, HD.—AS. byrle, byrele.

Birlen, v. to pour out drink, to give to drink, MD, JD, H, HD; bryllyn, Prompt.—AS. byrlian; cp. Icel. byrla.

Birlynge, sb. a giving to drink; pouring out liquor, H.

Bi-rolled, pp. rolled about, S2.

Birth, sb. birth, offspring, natural disposition, nation, MD; burþ, MD; birþes, pl. nations, S2, MD.—Icel. burðr; cp. Goth. ga-baurths, birth, native country.