GLOSSARY
ABBREVIATIONS
| sm., sf., sn., | = strong masculine, &c. |
| sv. | = strong verb. |
| wm., wf., wn., | = weak masculine, &c. |
| wv. | = weak verb. |
| pret.-pres. | = preterite-present. |
| pn. | = proper name. |
The remaining abbreviations need no explanation.
The Roman numeral after a verb indicates the class to which the verb belongs. The ordinary numerals after a word indicate the paragraph in the Grammar where the word either occurs or some peculiarity of it is explained.
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W Z
ā, interj. added to the imperative, nouns, and particles;
neinā, certainly not.
ab, abe, prep. c. dat. of, from;
av. away, away from, 9.6.
aber, abr, ab, av. and cj. again, once more, but;
aber sprëchen, answer, reply.
acker, sm. field, acre, 9.2, 31.2, 42.
Adām, pn. Adam.
adamas, sm. diamond.
æber, sn. place where the snow has melted away.
ænic (with gen.), aj. bereft.
äher (OHG. ahir), sn. ear of corn.
aht(e), num. eight, 62.
aht(e), sf. attention, meditation; station, position.
ahtede, num. eighth, 62.
ahten, wv. observe, consider, deliberate.
ah(t)zëhen, num. eighteen, 62.
ah(t)zëhende, num. eighteenth, 62.
ah(t)zic (-ec), num. eighty, 62.
ah(t)zigeste, num. eightieth, 62.
al (infl. aller, alleȥ, alliu (älliu, elliu)), aj. all;
al dā, there, thereupon;
al dō, as soon as;
al ein, all one, the same;
aller hande, of all kinds;
alle wëge, everywhere, 55.
aleine, av. alone.
allenthalben, av. on all sides.
allertegelīch, av. daily.
alleȥ, av. always, already.
allmahtic (almähtic, almehtic), aj. all-powerful, almighty.
almuosen, sn. alms, charity.
alrēst = aller ērst, at first.
als, see alsō.
alsam, av. as, just as, 69.
alsō (alse, als), av. as, just as, so, likewise, 69;
alse dar, always, all the time.
alsolch = solch.
alsus (alsust), av. in this manner, so, thus.
alter, sn. age.
alwære, aj. foolish.
alze, av. too, too much.
alzehant, av. on the spot, at once, immediately.
am = an dëm.
ambet, sn. service, office, calling.
anblic, sm. look.
ander, num. and pr. other, second, 55, 62, 71.
anders, av. otherwise, else;
niht anderswan, nothing but.
anderswar, av. elsewhere.
ane (an), prep. c. dat. or acc. on, by, in; of; along with; until, 9.6;
an dën līp, by (their) life, on the penalty of (their) life;
an dër stat, at once, on the spot.
āne (ān), av. alone, free, deprived of;
eines āne wërden, to lose;
cj. except;
prep. c. acc. or gen. without, except, next to.
ange, av. narrowly, exactly, carefully, anxiously, 9.7.
anger, sm. grass plot.
angesiht, sf. sight.
angest, smf. care, sorrow, anxiety.
anges(t)lich, aj. anxious, fearful, dangerous, terrible.
anme, amme, ame, am = an dëme, 68 note 2.
ansëhen, sv. V, look at, behold.
anst (pl. enste), sf. favour, 49.
antlütze, antlitze, sn. face, countenance.
antwürten (pret. antwurte), wv. answer.
apfel, sm. apple, 31.2.
arbeit (arebeite), sf. work, trouble, grief.
arbeitsam, aj. painful, troublesome.
arc (-ges), aj. bad, mischievous, wicked.
arm, aj. poor, helpless, unhappy, 57.
arm, sm. arm.
armuot, sf. poverty, want.
art, smf. inborn manner, nature, quality; origin, descent.
Artūs, pn. Arthur, king of Britain.
arzāt, sm. physician.
arzenīe, sf. medicine, remedy.
ās, sn. carrion, 28.
ātem, sm. breath, 42.
āventiure, sf. wonderful event
ay, interj. ah! alas!
bābest, sm. pope.
bāgen, sv. VII, quarrel, 87.
bal (-lles), sm. ball.
balde, av. boldly, bravely, valiantly; quickly;
balde wërden enein, be quickly resolved.
balt, aj. courageous, full of courage, firm, unyielding.
baltlīch, aj. courageous.
bange, aj. anxious, 9.7.
bannen, sv. VII, banish, expel, put under the ban, 87.
bar, aj. bare, 55.
bāre, sf. bier.
bat (-des), sn. bath, flood of tears.
baȥ, av. better, more, 61;
baȥ geriten, quicker;
baȥ veile, of less value;
wëm’st deste baȥ?, who feels joy at this parting?
Bēāfontāne, pn.
bedāht, p.p. thoughtful, intent.
bēde = beide.
bedecken (pret. -dacte, -dahte), wv. cover, 90.
bedenken (pret. -dāhte, subj. pret. -dæhte), think over, consider;
sich dës willen bedenken, decide upon a thing.
bediuten, wv. expound;
refl. mark, denote.
bedrieȥen, sv. II, seem troublesome or irksome.
bedunken (pret. -dūhte), wv. seem, appear.
bedurfen, bedürfen (pr. sing. -darf), pret. pres., need, require;
see durfen.
begān, anom. v. to do a thing;
refl. live;
see gān.
begieȥen, sv. II, pour over, moisten.
beginnen, sv. III (pret. also weak begunde, begonde), begin, 81.
begraben, sv. VI, bury, inter.
begrīfen, sv. I, grasp, understand.
begunder = begunde ër.
behagen, wv. please, delight, suit.
behalten, sv. VII, hold, keep, preserve, reserve, store up.
beherten, wv. harden, enforce.
behüeten, wv. keep, preserve, protect.
behuot, p.p. of behüeten.
beide (bēde), num., neut. beidiu, both;
beide—und, both—and.
beidenthalben, av. on both sides.
Beier, pn. people of Bavaria, Bavarians.
beier(i)sch, aj. Bavarian.
beiten, wv. wait;
sn. a waiting.
bejagen, wv. acquire, get.
bejëhen, sv. V, assure.
bekan = bekam.
bekennen (pret. -kante), wv. know, recognize, get to know.
bekēren, wv. employ, turn;
bekēren sich, turn round.
bekomen, sv. IV, get, obtain.
belīben (blīben), sv. I, remain, 9.7, 76;
under wëgen belīben, be left undone, cease.
beliuhten, wv. illumine, explain, make manifest.
benamen = bī namen, in the true sense of the word.
benëmen, sv. IV, take, take away;
c. gen. exempt.
berāten, sv. VII, consider, arrange, provide for;
refl. consider, reflect.
bërc (-ges), sm. mountain.
bereit (bereite), aj. ready, willing;
av. readily, willingly, 55.
bereiten (pret. -reite), wv. plough, make arable, prepare, make ready.
bërgen, sv. III, hide, 81.
bërn, sv. IV, bear, carry, bring forth, 9.1, 19, 82.
bern (pret. berte), wv. beat, strike.
berouben, wv. bereave, rob.
berüeren, wv. touch, move.
besarken (beserken), wv. put into the coffin.
beschëhen, sv. V, happen.
bescheiden, sv. VII, make clear, explain.
bescheiden (bescheidenlīch), aj. sensible, prudent.
bescheidenheit, sf. understanding, sense, prudence.
bescheidenlīchen, av. definitely, clearly, sensibly.
beschern, wv. bestow upon, divide, let out.
bëseme, wm. besom; rod.
besitzen (pret. -saȥ), sv. V, take possession of.
beslieȥen, sv. II, close, shut.
besorgen, wv. provide, be conscious of; requite.
bestān, anom. v. remain; attack, assail;
einen bestān, concern, belong to.
beste, aj. and av. best, 9.5, 23.1, 61.
besunder, av. apart.
beswærde, sf. affliction, grief, sadness.
beswæren, wv. afflict, grieve.
beswern (pret. -swuor, pp. -sworn), sv. VI, take an oath, swear to.
bëte, sf. request, command.
bëten, wv. pray, 92.
betrahten, wv. view, consider.
betriegen, sv. II, deceive.
betrüeben, wv. make gloomy or angry.
bettestat, sf. couch, place of rest.
bevëlhen, sv. III, order, recommend; bring home to a person, 19, 34, 81.
bevinden, sv. III, become sensible of, get to know.
bewachen, wv. watch, guard.
bewarn, wv. protect, guard against, preserve; avert, ward off, prevent.
bewëgen (sich with gen.), sv. V, resolve to or upon, take upon oneself; part with, cast off.
bewenden (pp. -want), wv. turn to, use.
bewīsen, wv. put right, inform, instruct.
beȥȥer (superl. beȥȥest, beste), aj. better, 58.
beȥȥern, wv. refl. get better, improve.
beȥȥerunge, sf. improvement, 8.
bī, prep. and av. near, near by, with, beside; thereby;
bī sīn with dat. of person: be near, have;
bī mīnen triuwen, in truth, upon my word!;
bī mīnen zīten, during my lifetime;
bī spotte sīn, like mockery;
bī wësen, remain.
bibenen (biben, pp. bibent), wv. quake, tremble.
biderbe, aj. noble, active, good.
biegen, sv. II, bow, bend, 5, 11, 12, 15, 16, 18, 33, 78.
bien = bī dën.
bieten, sv. II, offer, show, 5, 11, 18, 25, 78.
bilde, sn. example, comparison.
bilden, wv. form.
billich, aj. becoming, right.
billīchen, av. rightly, properly, befittingly.
bin, am, 97.
binden, sv. III, bind, fasten, 10 note 2, 11, 12, 15, 33, 81;
wol gebunden, with the hair neatly braided and decked out.
bir, swf. pear, 50.
bīten, sv. I, wait, put off, delay, 76.
bit(t)en (pret. bat), sv. V, ask, beg, request, command, 3, 26, 31.3, 84.
bitter, aj. bitter, 20, 31.2, 55.
bitterlīch, aj. bitter, 8.
bitterlīchen, av. bitterly.
biȥ, sm. bite, 44.
bīȥen, sv. I, bite, 5, 19, 76.
blanc, aj. white, shining, beautiful.
blāsen, sv. VII, blow, 87.
blat, sn. leaf.
blī (-ges), snm. lead, 35.
blīben = belīben.
blic (-ckes), sm. glance, look; splendour.
blīdeclīchen, av. blithely, joyfully.
blint (-des), aj. blind, 7, 9.2, 55, 56.
bliuwen, sv. II, strike, 16 note, 19, 36, 79.
blōȥ, aj. bare, naked; only.
blüejen, blüewen, blüen, wv. bloom, 19, 35, 90.
blüemen, wv. bloom, 90.
bluome, wmf. flower, blossom.
bluot, sn. blood.
bluoten, wv. bleed.
boc (-ckes), sm. he-goat, 10, 32.1.
böcklīn, sn. little he-goat, 10.
bœse, aj. bad, worthless, despicable.
boge, wm. bow.
bölzelīn, sn. little cross-bow, bolt or arrow.
borgen, wv. borrow.
bote, wm. messenger, 51.
bougen, böugen, wv. bend, 10.
boum, sm. tree.
bōȥen, sv. VII, beat, strike, 87.
brā (brāwe), swf., brow, eyebrow; eyelash, 48.
brāten, sv. VII, roast, 87.
brëchen, sv. IV, break, pluck, gather; neglect, 82.
breit, aj. wide, broad.
brennen, wv. burn, 10, 11, 90.
bresten, sv. IV, break, burst, be deficient, want, lack, 19.
brief (-ves), sm. letter, 33, 44.
bringen (pret. brāhte, pret. subj. bræhte), bring, 28, 29, 91;
sich bringen lāȥen, let oneself be brought;
vür bringen, carry out.
brinnen, sv. III, burn, 81.
briuwen, sv. II, brew, 16 note, 79.
brœde, aj. breakable, perishable.
brōt, sn. bread.
brugge, brügge (brucke, brücke), sf. bridge, 10 note 3, 26, 31.3.
brūn, aj. brown; dark-coloured.
brunne, wm. spring, well, brook.
bruoch, sf. covering for the upper part of the thigh.
bruoder, sm. brother, 3, 5, 11, 24, 25, 45.
brust (pl. bruste, brüste), sf. breast, bosom, 10 note 3, 49.
brūt (pl. briute), bride, 5, 10, 11.
bū (-wes), smn. cultivated land; farmhouse; dwelling, abode, 42.
büechlīn, sn. little book, 10.
būman (pl. būliute), sm. peasant, farmer, farm labourer.
buoch, sn. book, 10.
buosem, sm. bosom, 9.2.
buoȥ, sm. remedy, compensation, reparation;
buoȥ tuon c gen., free from, liberate from.
būr, sm. peasant.
burc (-ge), sf. castle, town, 10 note 1, 49.
burgære, sm. citizen, parishioner.
burt, sf. birth, of good family.
butze, wm. hobgoblin, bug-bear;
in butzen wīs, like a ghostly hobgoblin.
būwen, biuwen (pret. biute), wv. till, cultivate, plant.
For c see k.
dā, dār, av. there, where, 39, 69;
dā mite, therewith;
dā von, thereby;
dā vor, before it or that;
dā zuo, thereby, therewith, thereto.
dach, sn. covering, 31.3.
dagen, wv. be silent, 92.
dahte, see decken.
danc (-kes), sm.. thanks, wish;
sunder or an’ mīnen danc, against my wish.
danken, wv. thank, 9.2.
danne, denne (dan), av. then;
after the comparative, than as;
in conditional sentences with or without ne = unless.
dannen, av. from there, thence; wherefrom, 69.
dannoch (dennoch), av. however, even, still; besides, in addition to this; moreover.
dar, dare, av. thither, whither, 69;
dar an, thereon, in that, therein;
dar für, before it;
dar nāch, thereupon, after that;
dar umbe, therefore, 69;
dar under, amongst them, in between;
dar zuo, besides, in addition.
dārinne, darinne, av. therein.
daȥ cj. that.
dechein, pr. no, none, 71.
decken (pret. dacte, dahte), wv. cover, 23.2, 31.3, 32.2, 90.
dëgen, sm. warrior, vassal, 11.
dehein, dekein, pr. any one; no, none, 71.
deich = daȥ ich.
deist = daȥ ist.
denen (dennen), wv. stretch, 92.
denken (pret. dāhte), think, 5, 11, 28, 29, 91.
denne = danne.
dennoch, see dannoch.
dër, daȥ, diu, def. art., dem. pr., and rel. pr., the, who; 9.6, 68, 69;
dës, av. with which, thereby, therefore, wherefore.
derfüre, av. out.
dernider, av. down.
dërst = dër ist.
dēst, deis, dēs = daȥ ist, 68 note 1.
deste, av. the more, all the more;
before comparatives, the, so much, 11.
dēswār (= daȥ ist wār), av. truly, in truth, indeed.
dewëder, dwëder, pr. one of two, neither of two, 71.
deȥ = daȥ.
dic (dicke), aj. thick, dark, 55;
av. dicke, often;
dicke baȥ, often still better.
die = Middle Germ. form of dër.
diech = daȥ ich.
diemüete, sf. humility.
dien = die en.
dienen, wv. serve, earn, deserve; requite, 9.2, 92.
dienest (dienst), sm. service, serviceableness; devotion, 9.2;
ze dienste, out of devotion.
dienstman, sm. servant, feoffee.
diep (-bes), sm. thief;
ze diebe wërden, become a thief.
dieȥen, sv. II, resound, roar, rush, 18, 78.
dīhen (pret. dēch, pp. gedigen), sv. I, thrive, 17, 30, 76.
dinc (-ges), sn. thing, affair, 46.
dingen, wv. speak, make a contract.
dirre, diser, dise (neut. ditze, diz, diȥ; fem. disiu), pr. this, 68.
diuhen, wv. change, remove; press, shove.
diuten, wv. intimate, relate, display.
diuwe (diw), sf. servant, 48.
dō, do, av. and cj. then, when, as, 69.
doch, av. yet, however, nevertheless.
dol, sf. suffering, pain, distress, misery, 48.
doln, wv. endure, tolerate, suffer, 90.
dōn, tōn (pl. dœne), sm. sound, melody, song.
donreslac (-ges), sm. thunder-clap, lightning,
dorf (pl. dörfer), sn. village, hamlet, 10.
dorn, sm. thorn, 24.
dörperlīch, aj. peasant-like, rustic.
dort, av. there, yonder.
douwen, döuwen, wv. digest, 10.
dræjen (dræn), wv. turn, 35, 90.
drāte, av. quickly, immediately;
alsō drāte, directly, forthwith.
dreschen, sv. IV, thrash, 11, 82.
drī (neut. driu), num. three, 62, 63;
drīer hande, of three kinds.
dringen, sv. III, press, throng, shoot up, also sn., 81;
für sich dringen, press forwards, spread.
drīstunt, av. thrice.
dritte, drite, num. third, 26, 62.
drīvaltic, aj. threefold.
drīȥic (-ec), num. thirty, 62.
drīzëhen, num. thirteen, 62.
drīzëhende, num. thirteenth, 62.
drīȥigeste, num. thirtieth, 62.
drouwe (drowe, drō), sf. threat, threatening.
drouwen, dröuwen, wv. threaten, 3, 10.
drucken, drücken, wv. press, 10 note 3, 90.
drūfe = dar ūfe.
drumb(e), av. to that end, therefore.
drunder = dar under.
dū, du, pr. thou;
gen. dīn; dat. dir; acc. dich;
pl. nom. ir; gen. iuwer; dat. iu; acc. iuch, 65.
dulden, wv. endure.
dūme, wm. thumb.
dunken, dünken (pret. dūhte, pret. subj. diuhte), seem, appear, 5, 10 note 2, 11, 29, 91;
sich ze nihte dunken, to imagine oneself undone.
dünne, aj. thin, 5, 10, 11, 55.
durch (dur), prep. through, on account of, for, for the sake of, 34;
dur daȥ, on this account, for that reason, therefore;
durch plates stimme, for drawing sounds or notes from the leaf; for making a whistling sound on the leaf;
durch sīnen muot, through his (childish) mind.
durfen, dürfen (pres. sing. darf, pret. dorfte, pret. subj. dörfte), pret. pres. need, 16, 93.
durftige, wm. beggar, one in want of help.
dūȥ = du ëȥ.
ē, ēr, av. formerly, rather, sooner, before, 39, 61.
ëbene, av. evenly, smoothly, well-fitting, 60.
ecke, swf., sn. corner, 31.3.
edel(e), aj. and av. noble, 60.
edelinc, sm. son of a nobleman, 8.
edeln, wv. ennoble.
egen, wv. harrow.
egeslīch (eislīch), aj. fearful, terrible, 37.
ëht (ē̆t, ō̆t), av. only; even, at any rate, 34.
ei (pl. eijer, eiger, eier), sn. egg, 35, 47.
ei, interj. ah.
eiden, wv. take an oath, pledge.
eigen, aj. own, 55.
eigen, sn. property;
ze eigen gëben, present.
eilfte, aj. eleventh, 62.
ein, num. and indef. art. one; a, an, 9.3, 62, 63;
indef, pr. one, some one, 71.
einander, pr. one another.
eine, av. alone.
eines, av. once.
einic (-ec), aj. only, single.
einlif, einlef (eilif), num. eleven, 62.
ei(n)lifte (eilfte), num. eleventh, 62.
eischen, sv. VII, ask, demand.
eislīch, see egeslīch.
eit (-des), sm. oath.
element, sn. element.
ēlīch, aj. legal, conjugal.
ellen, sn.courage, valour; manliness.
ellenboge, wm. elbow.
ellenden, wv. go abroad.
ellich, aj. universal, constant.
elter, aj. older.
eltlīch, aj. elderly, old.
emphëlhen, sv. III, recommend, 81.
emzekeit, sf. activity, diligence, industry.
en, neg. particle, generally used before the verb with or without niht after the verb, not.
en in subordinate sentences with the subjunctive, unless, if not, except that, when that, that not, &c.
en = in;
shortened form of dën.
enbërn, sv. IV, be without a thing, do without.
enbieten, sv. II, bid, announce, summon.
enblanden, sv. VII, let be painful or irksome to.
enblecken, wv. make visible, expose.
ende, sn. end.
endelīchen, av. throughout, entirely.
enden, wv. end, finish.
enein = in ein.
enge, aj. narrow, 55.
enge, sf. narrow place, strait, difficulty.
Engellant, pn. England, 54.
engëlten, sv. III, pay, requite.
enges(t)līch, aj. anxious, timid, dangerous.
enke, wm. man who tends the cattle.
enmitten, av. in the midst;
enmitten dō, during, whilst.
enpfāhen, enpfān, sv. VII, accept, receive.
enpfallen, sv. VII, pass away, perish.
enpfinden, sv. III, perceive, become conscious of.
enpflëgen, sv. V, care for, cherish.
enphëlhen, sv. III, order, recommend, 81.
entrinnen, sv. III, escape.
entsagen, wv. free, remove, withdraw.
entseben (-seven), sv. VI, perceive, 86.
entsetzen, wv. bereave, rob.
entslāfen, sv. VII, fall asleep.
en(t)springen, sv. III, spring up, shoot up, shoot forth.
entstān, sv. VI, understand.
entwër, entwërch, av. athwart; perversely.
entwësen, sv. V, be without, do without.
entwīchen, sv. I, yield, go away.
enwëc, av. away.
enzīt, av. by times, soon.
enzünden, wv. light, kindle.
enzwischen, prep. between.
ër, si (sī, siu, sie), ëȥ, pr. he, she, it;
gen. sīn (ës), ir, ës; dat. im(e), ir, im(e); acc. in, sie (si, sī), ëȥ (iȥ);
pl. nom. acc. si, sī, sie, neut. also siu; gen. ir(e); dat. in, 65.
ērbære, aj. honourable, decent, modest.
erbarmen, wv. move to pity.
erbe, sn. inherited property, inheritance.
erbeit = arbeit.
erbeiten, wv. work, have trouble;
c. gen. wait for.
erbëlgen, sv. III, become angry, grow angry.
erben, wv. be hereditary, descend from generation to generation.
erbieten, sv. II, show, manifest.
erbīten, sv. I, wait.
erbleichen, wv. become pale.
erbolgen, pp. angered, angry with.
erbürn, wv. raise, lift up.