A Smaller History of Rome / from the Earliest Times to the Establishment of the Empire

INDEX.

A.

• Accensi, 123.
• Accius, L., 275.
• Achæan League, 107;
• in alliance with Philip V., 108.
• Achæan War, 138.
• Ædiles, 117.
• Adolphus, brother of Alaric, 341.
• Ælius Saturninus, 297.
• Ælius Sejanus, 297;
• his death, 299.
• Æmilianus, 324.
• Æmilius Lepidus, M., military road made by, 114.
• Æmilius Paullus, L., ends the war in Illyria, 79;
• slain in the battle of Cannæ, 88.
• Æmilius Paullus, L. (son), defeats Perseus, 135.
• Æneas, legend of, 8.
• Æquians, 58.
• Ætolian League, 107;
• forms alliance with Rome, 108;
• but is obliged to make peace with Philip V., 108;
• chief town Ambracia taken by the Romans, 111;
• compelled to sue for peace, and the League crushed, 111.
• Afranius, L., Consul, 224.
• Afranius, L. (poet), 274.
• Africa, invaded by the Romans, 72;
• under Augustus, 287.
• Agrarian Law of Sp. Cassius, 31;
• law introduced by Ti. Gracchus, 150, 151;
• extended by C. Gracchus, 157;
• law introduced by Cæsar, 225.
• Agricola, Julius, legate to Britain, 303;
• his forced retirement, 305.
• Agrigentum besieged and taken, 70.
• Agrippa, M., Octavian's general, drives L. Antonius and Fulvia out of Rome, 263;
• defeats them at Perusia, 263;
• constructs the Julius Portus, 265;
• defeats fleet of Sextus Pompey, 266.
• Agrippa, M. Vipsanius, 286.
• Agrippa, Postumus, 293;
• assassination of, 295.
• Agrippina, 298;
• put to death by Tiberius, 299.
• Alaric ravages Greece, 339;
• besieges Rome, 340;
• sacks the city, 341.
• Alba Longa, foundation of, 8;
• destruction of, 14.
• Alban Lake, legend of the, 43.
• Alesia surrenders to Cæsar, 234.
• Alexander Severus, Emperor, 322.
• Alexandria, 288;
• trade between, and the Indies, 288.
• Allemanni threaten Rome, 324;
• defeated by Aurelian, 325.
• Allobroges, embassadors of the, 220.
• Alps, Hannibal's passage of, note on, 90.
• Ambitus, 128.
• Ancus Marcius, succeeds Tullus Hostilius, 14;
• conquers several Latin cities, and removes inhabitants to Rome, 14;
• institutes the Fetiales, 15;
• founds a colony at Ostia, 15;
• fortifies the Janiculum, 15;
• constructs the Pons Sublicius, 15;
• his reign and death, 15.
• Andriscus, 137.
• Antiochus, king of Syria, proposes to Philip V. to partition Egypt between them, 108;
• receives Hannibal as a fugitive, 110;
• is persuaded to invade Greece, 110;
• is defeated at Thermopylæ, and returns to Syria, 111;
• invades the kingdom of Pergamus, but is defeated near Magnesia, 111;
• is compelled to cede all his dominions in Asia Minor, to pay fines, and surrender Hannibal, 111;
• peace concluded, and affairs of Asia settled, 112.
• Antiochus Asiaticus deposed, 212.
• Antepilani, 122.
• Antoninus, M. Aurelius, Emperor, 314;
• death of, 316.
• Antoninus, M. Commodus, Emperor, 316.
• Antoninus Pius, Emperor, 313.
• Antonius, C., 219, 220, 221.
• Antonius, M. (orator), assassinated, 185.
• Antony (Marcus Antonius), Consul with Cæsar, 249;
• offers the diadem to Cæsar, 249;
• takes possession of Cæsar's papers and treasures, 252;
• pronounces the funeral oration over the body of Cæsar, 253;
• master of Rome, 253;
• attacked by Cicero in his Philippies, 254;
• retires to Cisalpine Gaul, and besieges Mutina, 254;
• declared a public enemy, 254;
• defeats Pansa, 255;
• is defeated by Hirtius, 255;
• received in Farther Gaul by Lepidus, 255;
• forms Triumvirate with Octavian and Lepidus, 256;
• defeats Cassius at Philippi, 261;
• licentious conduct in Asia Minor, and meeting with Cleopatra, 262, 263;
• follows her to Alexandria, 263;
• Fulvia, his wife, and L. Antonius, his brother, rise against him, 263;
• his troops defeated in Syria, 264;
• meets his wife and brother at Athens, 264;
• his wife dies, 264;
• forms an alliance with Sextus Pompey, 264;
• marries Octavia, sister of Octavian, 264;
• returns to the East with Octavia, 265;
• his success in Syria, 265;
• makes another treaty with Octavian, 266;
• renews his union with Cleopatra, 267;
• is defeated in Parthia, 267;
• returns to Alexandria, 267;
• is defeated by Octavian in the battle of Actium, 268, 269;
• is again defeated at Alexandria, 269;
• stabs himself, 269.
• Apollonia, besieged by Philip V. of Macedon, 107.
• Appellatio, 121.
• Appius Claudius, 38, 40.
• Appius Claudius Cæcus, 66;
• his son, 69.
• Appuleius, 349.
• Apulia, 4.
• Aquæ Sextæ, battle at, 171.
• Aquillius, M'., Consul, suppresses the Second Servile War in Sicily, 172;
• is defeated, and made prisoner by Mithridates, 188.
• Arabia Felix invaded by Trajan, 308.
• Arabia Petræa made a Roman province, 308.
• Arcadius, son of Theodosius, 339;
• his cruelties, 341.
• Archelaus defeated at Chæronea, 188;
• and again at Orchomenos, 189.
• Archimedes, 93, 94.
• Ariobarzanes expelled from Cappadocia, 187;
• restored, 183;
• again expelled, 188;
• restored to his kingdom, 213.
• Ariovistus defeated by Cæsar, 280.
• Aristobulus surrenders to Pompey, 212, 213.
• Armenia, Pompey in, 212.
• Arminius, 291.
• Army, Roman, constitution of, 122.
• Artaxata, submission of Mithridates at, 212.
• As (weight), 19.
• Ascanius, legend of, 8.
• Asculum, revolt at, 178.
• Astures conquered by Augustus, 291.
• Atellanæ Fabulæ, 275.
• Athenio, leader of slaves in Sicily, 172;
• defeated and slain by Catulus, 172.
• Athens, 107;
• declares against Rome, 188.
• Attalus Philometor, 147.
• Attila invades Italy, 348.
• Augurs, 18, 57.
• Augusta Emerita (Merida) founded by Augustus, 291.
• Aurelian, Emperor, 325.
• Ausonius, 346.
• Autronius Pætus, P., 218.
• Avidius Cassius defeats the Parthians, 315.

B.

• Babylon captured by Trajan, 308.
• Balearic Slingers, 124.
• Barcochab, 312.
• Belgic War, 230.
• Bibulus, M., 216, 225.
• Boadicea, 302.
• Boii finally conquered and slaughtered, 114.
• Bononia (Bologna), colony at, 114.
• Bosporus, Cimmerian, 211.
• Brennus, 45, 46, 47.
• Brigantium taken by Cæsar, 224.
• Bruttii, 4.
• Britain, first invasion by Cæsar, 231;
• second invasion, 232.
• Brutus, D., put to death at Aquileia, 256.
• Brutus, L. Junius, 23-25;
• his death, 26.
• Brutus, M. Junius, Prætor, conspires with Cassius and others to assassinate Cæsar, 249;
• retires to Macedonia, 253;
• goes to Athens, and collects an army, 257, 255;
• plunders Lycia, 258;
• crosses over into Thrace, 258;
• defeated by Octavian at Philippi, 261;
• slays himself, 261.

C.

• Cæcilius, Q., 274.
• Cæsar Augusta (Saragossa) founded by Augustus, 291.
• Cæsar, Augustus, his conduct of the empire, 286;
• extent of his empire, 289;
• his government, 289;
• decree against celibacy, 289;
• his protection, the Prætorian Guard, 290;
• army, navy, and revenues, 290;
• plots against his life, 290;
• his military enterprises, 291;
• domestic misfortunes, 291-293;
• his death, 293;
• personal appearance, 294.
• Cæsar, Caius Caligula, 293;
• succeeds Tiberius, 299;
• death of, 300.
• Cæsar, Caius Julius, early life, 214, 215;
• Quæstor, 215;
• Ædile, 216;
• restores statues and trophies of Marius, 216;
• Proprætor in Spain, 224;
• his conquests there, 224;
• Consul, 225;
• forms cabal with Pompey and Crasus (1st Triumvirate), 225;
• carries Agrarian Law, 225;
• supports Pompey, and gives him his only daughter Julia in marriage, 225;
• divorces his wife, 226;
• obtains command in Gaul, 226;
• 1st campaign in Gaul, 229;
• 2nd, 230;
• 3rd, 230;
• 4th, 231;
• 5th, 232;
• 6th, 232;
• 7th, 233;
• 8th, 234;
• rivalry of Pompey, 237-8-9;
• returns to Italy, 240;
• quarters at Ravenna, 240;
• ordered to disband his army, 240;
• refuses, and crosses the Rubicon, 241;
• enters Rome, 242;
• conquers his opponents in Spain, 242;
• short Dictatorship, 243;
• crosses to Greece to encounter Pompey, 243-4;
• total defeat of Pompey in the battle of Pharsalia, 245;
• Dictator, 246;
• pursues Pompey into Egypt, 246;
• supports Cleopatra, 246;
• conquers Pharnaces in Syria, 240;
• returns to Rome, 246;
• defeats Pompeian army in Africa, 247;
• death of Cato at Utica, 247;
• master of the Roman world, and Dictator for ten years, 247;
• his Triumph, 247;
• his clemency and reforms, 247-8-9;
• Imperator and Dictator for life, 249;
• appoints Octavius his heir, 249;
• conspiracy against him, 249-50;
• assassination, 250;
• character, 250-1;
• his character as a writer, 283.
• Cæsar, L.. Julius, Consul, 179;
• in Social War, 179;
• proposes Lex Julia, 179.
• Cæsar, Lucius, 293.
• Cæsar, Tiberius Claudius, succeeds Caligula, 300;
• enters Britain, 301.
• Cæsar, Vespasianus, 301;
• emperor, 302;
• death, 303.
• Cæsar, A. Vitellius, Emperor, 302.
• Calabria, 4.
• Calphurnius, 346.
• Calpurnian Law, 157.
• Camillus, M. Furius, 43, 44, 47, 48, 52.
• Campagna, 3.
• Campania, 4.
• Cannæ, immense Roman army defeated at, by Hannibal, 88.
• Cantabri, conquered by Augustus, 291.
• Cantabrians, 114, 144-5.
• Canuleia Lex, 41.
• Capito, C. Ateius, 350.
• Capitolium, 23.
• Capua, opens its gates to Hannibal, 89;
• retaken by the Romans, 96.
• Caracalla, Emperor, 321;
• assassinated, 322.
• Caractacus, 301.
• Carbo, Cn. Papirius, Consul, joins Cinnæ, 190.
• Carinus, 326.
• Carthage, 68;
• capture and destruction of, 142;
• rebuilt by the Romans, 142;
• capital of the Vandal kingdom, 142;
• finally destroyed by the Arabs, 142.
• Carthaginians, their navy, 70;
• defeated by the Roman navy, 71, 72.
• Carus, Emperor, 326.
• Catilina, L. Sergius, early life, 218;
• crimes, 218;
• conspiracy, 219;
• accused by Cicero, 219;
• leaves Rome, 220;
• collects troops, 221;
• defeated and slain, 221.
• Cassius Longinus, C., fights under Crassus in Mesopotamia, 237;
• conducts the retreat to Syria, 237;
• originates the conspiracy against Cæsar, 249;
• retires into Syria, 253;
• defeats Dolabella in Syria, 258;
• plunders Rhodes, 258;
• marches with Brutus into Thrace, 258;
• defeated by Antony at Philippi, 261;
• his death, 261.
• Cato, M. Porcius, in Spain, 114;
• Quæstor, Prætor, Consul, 129;
• Censor, 132;
• his reforms, 132;
• his prejudices, 132, 133;
• his severity and avarice, 133.
• Cato, M. Porcius, advocates the death of the Catilinarian conspirators, 221;
• his death at Utica, 247;
• his character as a writer, 283.
• Catullus, Valerius, 276.
• Catulus, Q. Lutatius, combined with Marius in the overthrow of the Cimbri, 171;
• his death by order of Marius, 185.
• Catulus, Q. Lutatius (son), hails Cicero as "Father of his Country," 221.
• Caudine Forks, battle at, 57, 58.
• Celsus, A. Cornelius, 350.
• Celtiberians, tribes of, 114;
• war with, 145.
• Censors, 118.
• Census, 118.
• Centuriones, 122.
• Cethegus, C. Cornelius, 219, 220.
• Chosroes, king of the Parthians, 310.
• Cicero, M, Tullius, early life, studies, and success as an orator, 216;
• Quæstor, 217;
• prosecutes Verres, 217;
• his speech for Sex. Roscius of Ameria, 216;
• studies at Athens and in Asia Minor, 216;
• Quæstor in Sicily, under Sex. Peducæus, at Lilybæum, 217;
• Ædile, Prætor, 217;
• Consul, 219;
• opposes agrarian law of Rullus, 219;
• denounces Catiline, 219;
• arrests conspirators, 220;
• third oration, 220;
• his popularity, 221;
• hostility of Clodius, 227;
• his banishment, 227;
• his return to Rome, 228;
• joins the party of Cæsar's assassins, 252;
• his Philippics against Antony, 254;
• stimulates the Senate against Antony and Octavian, 255;
• is included in the list of proscriptions, 257;
• his death, 257;
• his character as a writer, 282.
• Cimbri, 169;
• they enter and ravage Spain, 170;
• enter Italy, destroyed by Marius and Catulus, 171.
• Cincinnatus and the Æquians, 34.
• Cincius Alimentus, L., 282.
• Cinna, L., Consul, 184;
• conflict with Octavius, 185;
• associated with Marius, 185;
• their massacres in Rome, 185;
• murdered by his army, 190.
• Cinna, grandson of Pompey, 290.
• Circus Maximus, 17.
• Cisalpine Gaul, a Roman province, 114.
• Cives Romani, 66.
• Claudianus, Claudius, 345.
• Claudius, M. Aurelius, Emperor, 325.
• Cleopatra, Queen of Egypt, meets M. Antony at Tarsus, 262-3;
• attracts him to Alexandria, 263;
• is deserted for Octavia, 265;
• again attracts Antony, who returns with her to Alexandria, 267;
• war declared against her by the Senate, 268;
• defeated with Antony at Actium, 268;
• deceives Antony, but fails to deceive Octavian, 269;
• kills herself, 269.
• Clients, 12.
• Clodius Albinus, 319.
• Clodius Pulcher, P., profligate conduct of, 226;
• tribune, 227;
• procures the banishment of Cicero, 227;
• killed by Milo, 238.
• Clusium besieged, 45.
• Cocceius Nerva, 293, 299;
• emperor, 306.
• Cohorts, 123.
• Collatia, Collatinus, 16.
• Colonies, Roman, 43.
• Colosseum, the, 303.
• Columella, 350.
• Comitia Centuriata, 20, 120.
• Comitia Curiata, 12, 20, 120.
• Comitia Tributa, 18, 20, 121.
• Constantine proclaimed Augustus, 330;
• emperor, 331;
• removes the capital to Constantinople, 332;
• his character, 335.
• Constantius, 328;
• emperor, 329.
• Consuls, duties of, 118.
• Corfinium, new republic at, 178.
• Corinth captured, and burnt, 138.
• Coriolanus, C. Marcius, 32;
• banished from Rome, 32;
• invades Rome at the head of a Volscian army, 32;
• spares the city, 33;
• his death, 33.
• Cornelia, mother of the Gracchi, 149, 160.
• Cornelia, daughter of Cinna, married to Cæsar, 214;
• her death, 215.
• Corneliæ Leges, 186.
• Cornelii, slaves so called, 195.
• Cornelius Fronto, 314.
• Corsica and Sardinia formed into a Roman province, 77.
• Corsica, revolt in, 115.
• Cotta, C. Aurelius, lawyer, 216.
• Cotta, L. Aurelius, 218.
• Cotta, M. Aurelius, defeated by Mithridates, 206.
• Crassus, P. Licinius, 147.
• Crassus, M. Licinius, Prætor, appointed to command the army against the Gladiators, 202;
• defeats and slays Spartacus, 203;
• Consul with Pompey, 203;
• forms 1st Triumvirate with Cæsar and Pompey, 225;
• meets Cæsar and Pompey at Luca, 236;
• second Consulship with Pompey, 236;
• his command in Syria, 236;
• crosses the Euphrates, 237;
• defeated and killed, 237.
• Cremona besieged, 113.
• Cretan Archers (Sagittarii), 124.
• Ctesiphon captured by Trajan, 308.
• Curiæ, 12.
• Curiatii, 18.
• Curius, M'., defeats Pyrrhus, 65.
• Curtius, M., legend of, 53.
• Curules Magistratus, 117.

D.

• Dacia made a Roman province, 308.
• Dacians cross the Danube, 305.
• Decebalus, 305;
• demands tribute, 307;
• his defeat, 308.
• Decemvirate, 36;
• Decemviri appointed, 37;
• their tyranny, 37;
• the Twelve Tables, 38;
• Decemviri continue in office, 38;
• they assassinate Licinius Dentatus, 38;
• Virginia slain by her father to save her from the Decemvir Appius Claudius, 39;
• resignation of the Decemvirs, 39;
• and election of 10 Tribunes, 40.
• Decius Mus, P., self-sacrifice, 55;
• and of his son, 59.
• Decuriones, 123.
• Deiotarus, tetrarch of Galatia, 213.
• Delatores, 297, 303.
• Demetrius of Pharos, 79.
• Dictator, 28 (note), 51.
• Dictatorship, 118;
• revived by Sulla, 194
• Didius Julianus, Emperor, 319.
• Diocletian, Emperor, 327;
• selects Maximian for his colleague, 328;
• defeats the Persians, 329.
• Dolabella, Cn., accused of extortion, 215;
• puts an end to his life, 258.
• Domitian, reign of, 305.
• Drama, Roman, 272.
• Drusus. M. Livius, 158, 159.
• Drusus, 291;
• sent to Germany, 295;
• receives the tribunitian power, 297;
• poisoned by his wife, 208.
• Drusus, M. Livius, son of the opponent of C. Gracchus, elected a Tribune, endeavours to obtain the Roman franchise for the Allies, 176;
• assassinated, 176.

E.

• Eburones, revolt of the, 232.
• Egypt, condition of, 107;
• under Augustus, 288.
• Elagabalus, Emperor, 322.
• Enna (Servile War), 146-7
• Ennius, Q., 273.
• Equestrian Order, 158.
• Etruria, 2.
• Etruscans, their name, language, origin, and portions of Italy occupied by them, 5, 6;
• wars with the, 43;
• defeated, 58;
• in league with the Umbrians, 59;
• defeated at Lake Vadimo, 60.
• Eumenes, king of Pergamus, obtains Mysia, Lydia, and part of Curia, 112.
• Eunus (Servile War), 146, 147.
• Eutropius, 343.

F.

• Fabia Gens and the Veientines, 33.
• Fabius, lieutenant, defeated by Mithridates, 208.
• Fabius Maximus, Q., appointed Dictator, and to the command-in-chief against Hannibal, 87;
• styled the Cunctator, or "Lingerer," 87;
• obtains Tarentum, 96.
• Fabius Pictor, Q., 282.
• Fabius Sanga, Q., 220.
• Falerii surrenders to the Romans, 44.
• Faustina, wife of Antoninus Pius, 315.
• Fescennine songs, 276.
• Fetiales, 15.
• Fidenæ taken and destroyed, 43.
• Fimbria defeated, slays himself, 183.
• Flaccus, Aldus Persius, 315.
• Flamens, 13.
• Flamininus, L., act of cruelty of, 127.
• Flamininus, T. Quinctius, appointed to the command against Philip V., whose army is defeated in the battle of Cynoscephalæ, 103;
• proclaims the independence of Greece, 109;
• withdraws the Roman garrisons from all the towns of Greece, and returns to Italy, 109.
• Flaminius, C., defeats the Insubres, 79;
• is defeated by Hannibal near Lake Trasimenus, and slain, 86.
• Florian, Emperor, 326.
• Florus, L. Annæus, 347.
• Fossa Mariana, 170.
• Frentani, 3.
• Fulvia (mistress of Q. Curius), 219.
• Fulvia, wife of M. Antony, conspires against him, 263;
• is driven out of Home, and defeated at Perusia, 263;
• dies at Sicyon, 264.
• Fulvius Nobilior, M., besieges and captures the town of Ambracia, 111.

G.

• Gabii, 25
• Gabinius, A., Tribune, 210.
• Gaius, 350.
• Galatia, 106.
• Galatians attacked by Cn. Manlius Vulso, defeated in two battles, and compelled to sue for peace, 112.
• Galba, Ser. Sulpicius, his treachery, 144;
• succeeds Nero, 302.
• Galerius, 328:
• emperor, 329.
• Gallia Cisalpina, 2.
• Gallæcians, 114.
• Gallienus, Emperor, 325.
• Gallus, Emperor, 324.
• Gaul, Cæsar's wars in, 229-234;
• under Augustus, 287;
• insurrection in, 297.
• Gauls in Italy, 6:
• (Insubres) conquered, 79.
• Gellius, Aulus, 350.
• Gentes, Roman, 12.
• Germanicus, adopted by Tiberius, 293;
• quells a mutiny on the Rhine, 296;
• his German campaigns, 296;
• his death, 296.
• Geta, son of Septimius, killed by Caracalla, 321.
• Glabrio, M. Acilius, 209.
• Glaucia, fellow-demagogue of Saturninus, pelted to death with tiles by the mob, 175.
• Gordian, Emperor, 324.
• Goths (Senones) besiege Clusium, 45;
• march against Rome, 46;
• battle of the Allia, 46;
• Rome destroyed, 46;
• the Capitol besieged, 46;
• Capitol saved, 47;
• Goths repulsed and destroyed, 47;
• invade the Empire, 324
• Gracchi, 148-160.
• Gracchus, Caius Sempronius (the Tribune), returns from Sardinia, 157;
• elected Tribune, 157;
• his legal reforms, 157, 158;
• opposed by M. Livius Drusus, 159;
• murdered, 160.
• Gracchus, Tib. Sempronius (father of the Tribunes), subdues Spain, 115.
• Gracchus, Tib. Sempronius (the Tribune), Quæstor in Spain, 145;
• at the siege of Carthage, 149;
• elected Tribune, 150;
• introduces Agrarian Law, 150, 151;
• his murder, 152.
• Græcia, Magna, 6, 60.
• Greece under Augustus, 288.
• Greek colonies in Italy, 6.

H.

• Hadrian, Emperor, 309;
• journey through his provinces, 310;
• his Edictum Perpetuum, 311;
• builds a villa at Tibur, 312.
• Hamilcar, a Carthaginian officer, excites Gauls and Ligurians against Romans, 113.
• Hamilcar Barca, 75;
• relieves Lilybæum and Drepanum, 76;
• conquests in Spain, 80;
• death, 80.
• Hannibal elected to succeed Hasdrubal, 80;
• first campaigns in Spain, 80;
• besieges and takes Saguntum, 80, 81;
• crosses the Iberus and the Pyrenees with a large army, 83;
• reaches the Rhone, 83;
• crosses the Alps, 83;
• encamps in the plains of the Po, among the Insubres, 84;
• reduces the Taurinians, 84;
• defeats the army of Scipio near the Ticinus, 84;
• defeats combined army of Scipio and Longus near the Trebia, 84;
• marches through Liguria to the Arno, 86;
• defeats C. Flaminius at Lake Trasimenus, 86;
• eludes Q. Fabius and defeats Minucius, 87;
• annihilates an immense Roman army at Cannæ, 88;
• marches into Samnium and Campania, and obtains Capua, 89;
• his rapid marches, 92;
• campaigns of B.C. 215-213, 92, 93;
• obtains Tarentum, 93;
• marches up to the walls of Rome, but is unable to take the city, 95;
• loses Capua, 96;
• loses Salapia, 96;
• destroys the army of Cn. Fulvius at Herdonea, 96;
• loses Tarentum, 96;
• is recalled from Italy, 104;
• defeated by Scipio near Zama, 104;
• is protected by Antiochus, after whose defeat at Magnesia he escapes, and is received by Prusias, king of Bithynia, 111;
• is demanded by Rome, takes poison, and dies, 131, 132.
• Hanno, in command of Carthaginian fleet, defeated by Lutatius Catulus, 76.
• Hasdrubal succeeds Hamilcar, 80;
• founds New Carthage, 80;
• assassinated, 80.
• Hasdrubal, brother of Hannibal, marches from Spain into Italy, 97;
• is defeated on the Metaurus, and slain, 98.
• Hastati, 122, 123.
• Helvetii defeated by Cæsar, 229.
• Hernicans, 59.
• Herodes Atticus, 314.
• Hiero, king of Syracuse, 69;
• besieges Messana, 70;
• is defeated by the Romans, and makes peace, 70;
• his death, 93.
• Hirtius, A., Consul, defeats Antony at Mutina, but is slain, 255.
• Hispania Citerior and Ulterior, 114.
• Honorius, son of Theodosius, 339.
• Horatii, 13.
• Horatius Flaccus, Q. (poet), 278.
• Hortensia, Lex, 51.
• Hortensius, Q. (orator), 210, 211, 216, 217.
• Hostilianus, Emperor, 324.
• Hostilius Mancinus, C., defeated by the Celtiberians, 145.
• Huns appear on the Danube, 338;
• cross the river, 342.
• Hyrcanus favored by Pompey, 212, 213.