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Animal Figures in the Maya Codices

Chapter 41: PLATE 33
By Alfred M. Tozzer
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About This Book

The authors examine the conventionalized animal figures that recur in Maya codices, offering identifications, descriptive criteria, and comparative illustrations drawn from manuscripts, carvings, and other regional art. Combining iconographic analysis with zoological knowledge, they catalog species representations across plates and text, discuss how animals relate to calendar signs and deities, and consider variations in stylization and regional sources. The study includes a pronunciation key, a systematic list of plates and figures, and reasoned arguments for determinations while acknowledging uncertain cases and the need for further confirmation.

MAMMALIA
Yucatan Peccary (Tayassu angulatum yucatanense)
Yucatan Deer (Odocoileus yucatanensis)
1. Peccary, Nuttall 79.
2. Same, Dresden 68a.
3. Combination, a peccary’s head and forefoot, with long tail and hindfoot without hoofs, Tro-Cortesianus 66a
4. Peccary, Dresden 45b.
5. Man with peccary head, Copan, Sela D, cast (Maudslay, I, Pl. 46).
6. Combination animal, with hoofs and dorsal crest of a peccary and scales of a reptile, Dresden 75.
7. Peccary, Nuttall 9.
8. Yucatan deer, with conventionalized antler, glyph for Nahua day sign, Maçatl, Nuttall 26.
9. Same, Peresianus 5.
10. Glyph for Nahua day sign Maçatl, Aubin 10.
11. Same, Nuttall 5.
12. Deer, Copan, Stela N, East (Maudslay, I, Pl. 79).

PLATE 33

MAMMALIA
Yucatan Peccary (Tayassu angulatum yucatanense)
1. Peccary caught in a snare, Tro-Cortesianus 49c.
2. Glyph, Chichen Itza, Monjas, East (Maudslay, III, Pl. 13).
3. Head as a head-dress, Chichen Itza, Temple of the Tigers, Lower Chamber (Maudslay, III).
4. Peccary caught in a snare, Tro-Cortesianus 93a.
5. Tro-Cortesianus 30b.
6. Dresden 62.
7. Glyph representing a peccary’s head, Dresden 45b.
8. Same, Dresden 43b.
9. Peccary caught in a snare, Tro-Cortesianus 49a.

PLATE 34

MAMMALIA
Jaguar, Puma
1. Jaguar (Felis hernandezi), Nuttall 24.
2. Man seated in the open mouth of an animal, possibly a jaguar, Tro-Cortesianus 20a.
3. Nahua day sign, Oceolotl, Aubin 9.
4. Pot representing a jaguar or puma (Gann, 1897-1898, Pl. 34).
5. Probably a puma (Felis bangsi costaricensis), Chichen Itza, Temple of the Tigers, Painted Chamber (Maudslay, III, Pl. 40).
6. Chichen Itza, Temple of the Tigers, Lower Chamber (Maudslay, III, Pl. 50).
7. Probably a puma, Dresden 47.

PLATE 35

MAMMALIA
Coyote, Bear, Jaguar
1. Probably a coyote (Canis), Nuttall 6.
2. Same, Nuttall 26.
3. Possibly a bear (Ursus), Dresden 37a.
4. Same, Chichen Itza, Temple of the Tigers (Maudslay, III, 38).
5. Jaguar (Felis hernandezi), Dresden 8a.
6. Glyph, probably of a jaguar head, Copan, Stela 4 (Maudslay, I, Pl. 104).
7. Copan, Altar F (Maudslay, I, Pl. 114).
8. Jaguar, Tro-Cortesianus 28c.
9. Stone carving of jaguar head, Palenque, Palace, House C (Maudslay, IV, Pl. 24).
10. Jaguar, Tro-Cortesianus 30b.
11. Glyph, probably of a jaguar.
12. Head of jaguar in fresco, Santa Rita (Gann, 1897-1898, Pl. 31).
13. Same, Tro-Cortesianus 2a.
14. Same, Nuttall 27.

PLATE 36

MAMMALIA
Dog (Canis)
1. Dog and crab, Tro-Cortesianus 88c.
2. Tro-Cortesianus 37b.
3. Tro-Cortesianus 66b.
4. Head, Nuttall 34.
5. Nuttall 72.
6. Head, Nuttall 20.
7. Probably a dog, Nuttall 3.
8. Aubin 9.
9. Glyph for day sign Oc.
10. Same.
11. Same.
12. Tro-Cortesianus 91d.
13. Glyph for Nahua day sign Itzcuintli, Aubin 9.
14. Tro-Cortesianus 27d.

PLATE 37

MAMMALIA
Dog (Canis)
1. Dog bearing firebrands, Dresden 40b.
2. Same, Dresden 39a.
3. Same, Dresden 36a.
4. Tro-Cortesianus 88a.
5. Dresden 21b.
6. Tro-Cortesianus 24c.
7. Dresden 13c.
8. Tro-Cortesianus 37a.
9. Dresden 30a.
10. Dresden 7a.
11. Glyph supposed to represent a dog’s ribs, Dresden 13c.
12. Dresden 29a.
13. Head, Tro-Cortesianus 91d.

PLATE 38

MAMMALIA
Leaf-nosed Bat (Vampyrus spectrum or Phyllostomus hastatus panamensis)
1. Glyph, Chichen Itza, Akat ’Cib (Maudslay, III, Pl. 19.)
2. Glyph, Copan (Maudslay, I, Pl. 8).
3. Bat god, drawn as glyph, Copan, Stela D (Maudslay, I, Pl. 48).
4. Glyph, Copan (Maudslay, I, Pl. 8).
5. Glyph, Palenque, Temple of the Inscriptions (Maudslay, IV, Pl. 60, gl. Q 1).
6. Glyph, Tikal (Maudslay III, Pl. 74, gl. 41).
7. Bat gad used as decoration on pottery, Chama (Dieseldorff, 1904).

PLATE 39

MAMMALIA
Monkey and Miscellaneous
1. Capuchin monkey (Cebus capucinus), Nuttall 1.
2. Same, Nuttall 5.
3. Head of same, Nuttall 38.
4. Nondescript animal, possibly a combination of monkey and peccary, Tro-Cortesianus 88c.
5. Glyph, possibly representing a monkey, found in connection with fig. 4.
6. Glyph of head of monkey, Nuttall 1.
7. Head of long-nosed god, Tro-Cortesianus 30a.
8. Head of monkey, glyph for Nahua day sign, Oçomatli, Aubin 9.
9. Long-nosed god, Tro-Cortesianus 30b.
10. God with head-dress, Dresden 5c.

Transcriber’s Note

The following errors and inconsistencies have been maintained.

Misspelled words and typographical errors:

Page  Error
279 “Yucatan Horned Ow” should read “Yucatan Horned Owl”
281 “Mandslay” should read “Maudslay”
284 “deRosny” should read “de Rosny”
299 “connnection” should read “connection”
299 “signifiance” should read “significance”
299 “lightening” should read “lightning”
340 “indicatd” should read “indicated”
344 “Kayae” should read “Kayab”
353 “(Dresden 44b, 45b, (Pl. 32, fig. 4)” Has an extra ( before Pl.
366 “C. hypoleucus Auct.)” should read “Auct.).”
Footnote 327-† “coasa” should read “cosas”
Footnote 349-* “for” should read “por”
371 “Españales” should read “Españoles”
371 “l’Améirque” should read “l’Amérique”
371 “Bibliothéque” should read “Bibliothèque”
372 “1895. republished” should read “1895. Republished”
372 “und Maya-Handschriften:” colon should be a semi-colon
Plate 2 “4, 6” should have a . following
Plate 13 “Pl. 82, gl. 0, 4” should read “O, 4”
Plate 15 “HERONS FRIGATE” should read “HERONS, FRIGATE”
Plate 15 “6. Heron” should have a . at the end
Plate 18 “8. Same as fig” should read “fig.”
Plate 20 “flints, Nuttall” should end with a .
Plate 26 “Dresden 26c 27c,” should have a , after 26c
Plate 28 “uexolot” should read “uexolotl”
Plate 29 “Dresden 61” was missing the . at the end
Plate 32 “Tro-Cortesianus 66a” was missing the . at the end
Plate 32 “Sela” should read “Stela”
Plate 38 “Pl. 19.)” should read “Pl. 19).”

The following words had inconsistent hyphenation:

Blow-fly / Blowfly
cross-hatched / crosshatched
pit-fall / pitfall

The following words had inconsistent spelling:

dechiffrement / déchiffrement
Fégerváry-Mayer / Fejérváry-Mayer / Fejervary-Mayer
Rélacion / Relacion
rôle / role