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Arabia: The Cradle of Islam / Studies in the Geography, People and Politics of the Peninsula, with an Account of Islam and Mission-Work. cover

Arabia: The Cradle of Islam / Studies in the Geography, People and Politics of the Peninsula, with an Account of Islam and Mission-Work.

Chapter 51: Index
By Samuel Marinus Zwemer
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About This Book

The author surveys the Arabian Peninsula’s physical geography, peoples, political conditions, trade routes, and antiquities, combining ethnological and archaeological description with travel observation. He traces the religious development of Islam in the peninsula, examining influences from earlier Judaism, Sabeanism, and Christianity and summarizing Islamic beliefs and institutions. Chapters discuss contemporary mission work and argue for increased missionary engagement, presenting practical information for outreach alongside assessments of local social and political obstacles. The account is written from a missionary perspective but aims to provide a readable compilation of facts and sources for general readers interested in the region’s history and religious landscape.

Index

[See also Table of Contents]

  • Abd-ul-Wahab, 192.
  • Abdulla bin Rashid, 200.
  • Abraha, 311.
  • Abraham, God’s promises to, 401.
  • Abyssinian invasion of Arabia, 308.
  • Accessibility of Arabia (see Open doors), 375.
  • Adam, Tradition of the fall of, 17.
  • Aden, 53, 218, 335, 376.
  • as a mission centre, 338.
  • Tribes around, 230.
  • Aflaj, 145.
  • Aftan, Wady, 22, 99.
  • Allah (see God), 171.
  • Alphabet, Arabic, 242.
  • Ali, Ruins at, 105.
  • Ali’s footprint, 66.
  • Amara, 132, 289, 364.
  • American Arabian mission, 353.
  • Rifles in Arabia, 66n, 139.
  • Amulets (see charms), 283.
  • Anaeze tribe, 154.
  • Animals of Arabia, 28, 88, 149.
  • Arab architecture, 124, 272.
  • characteristics, 261, 264.
  • genealogies, 261.
  • geographers, 25.
  • Arab, The, 258.
  • Arabia, 240.
  • Area of, 18.
  • Boundaries of, 18.
  • Felix (Yemen), 53, 307.
  • Arabia in Moslem tradition, 17.
  • Arabian field, Problems of the, 374.
  • history, 158.
  • idolatry (see Idolatry), 36.
  • mission, 354.
  • hymn, 358.
  • Arabic language, 238, 254.
  • newspapers, 257.
  • Arabs, Classes of, 260.
  • Origin of, 258.
  • Architecture, Arab, 272.
  • Arts, Arabian, 75, 274.
  • Ashera, 140.
  • Asir, The Turks in, 210.
  • Athar, Science of, 91, 278.
  • Bagdad, 133, 321.
  • mission, 327.
  • Turkish rule in, 215.
  • Vilayet, 126.
  • Bahrein, 97, 110, 220, 363, 373.
  • huts, 271.
  • Barka, 84.
  • Barny, F. J., 366.
  • Bartholomew, St., Tradition as to, 307.
  • Batina Coast, 83.
  • Bayard Taylor (quoted), 121.
  • Bedaa, 111.
  • Bedouin, Attacked by, 60.
  • dress, 272.
  • life, 265.
  • tribes, 68, 132, 154.
  • tribes, Mission to, 328.
  • warfare, 203, 364.
  • Beit Allah, 34, 35.
  • Bent, Theodore, 73.
  • Bible, Arabic, 256, 316.
  • depot in Bagdad, 321.
  • distribution in Arabia, 320, 365, 377, 384, 388.
  • Black stone of Mecca, 31, 36.
  • Blood covenants, 166.
  • revenge, 155, 265.
  • Blunt, Lady Ann, 269.
  • British and Foreign Bible Society, 321.
  • British influence in Arabia, 218.
  • Bruce, Robert, 321.
  • Buchanan, Claudius, 314.
  • Bunder, Abbas, 235.
  • Jissa, 84.
  • Burckhardt (quoted), 269.
  • Burial place of Mohammed, 47.
  • Burns, William, 320.
  • Burton (quoted), 282.
  • Busrah, 124, 129, 361.
  • mission, 365.
  • Camel, Land of the, 88.
  • Use and character, 90, 247.
  • Cantine, James, 353, 359, 360.
  • Caravan journey from Bagdad, 136.
  • Caravan routes of Oman, 94.
  • Carmathian princes, 115.
  • Castles in Hadramaut, 75.
  • Cave-dwellers, Gharah, 86.
  • Certificate, The Mecca, 40.
  • Charms used by women of Mecca, 42.
  • Child life among Arabs, 265.
  • Christian Church in Aden, 54.
  • Arabia, 306.
  • Christian coins used as amulets, 43.
  • Christian and Missionary Alliance, 328.
  • Christianity in Arabia, 159, 300.
  • Christians, Hatred of, 30, 267.
  • St. John, 285.
  • Christ’s Sonship, The Rock of, 397.
  • Church Missionary Society, 322, 327, 344.
  • Circumcision, 399.
  • Climate of Arabia, 20, 378.
  • Bahrein, 106.
  • Nejd, 147.
  • Oman, 79, 80, 93.
  • Cobb, H. N. (quoted), 369.
  • Coffee trade in Yemen, 70.
  • Coins (Carmathian), 115, 225.
  • Colportage work (see Bible distribution), 384.
  • Commerce, English, in Arabia, 225.
  • in the Nejd, 151.
  • of Busrah, 126.
  • Consulates, British, 231.
  • Controversy, 385.
  • Converts from Islam, 391.
  • Cosmogony, Sabean, 296.
  • Covenants, 166.
  • Cradle of the Human Race, 119.
  • Ctesiphon, Arch of, 133.
  • Cufic characters, 243.
  • Customhouse, Turkish, 58.
  • Customs, Arab, 166.
  • Da Costa, Isaac, 405.
  • Damar, 66.
  • Date culture, 124.
  • palm, 121.
  • Dauasir, Wady, 22, 145.
  • Dedan, 97.
  • Desert dwellers and the camel, 90.
  • Deserts of Arabia, 24, 144.
  • Difficulties of Arabian missions, 374.
  • Diseases in Arabia, 280, 378.
  • Diwaniyeh, 139.
  • Doughty (quoted), 144, 268.
  • Dress of the Arabs, 58, 70, 272.
  • Dromedary, 89.
  • Dutch Missionary Society, 394.
  • Reformed Church, 353.
  • Dwellings of Arabs, 271.
  • East India Company, 221.
  • Education in Mecca, 43.
  • of Arab Children, 266, 379.
  • Educational missions, 383.
  • Elephants in warfare, 312.
  • English possessions (see British), 27.
  • English supremacy in the Gulf, 222.
  • Euphrates, Journey down the, 136.
  • Europeans who visited Mecca, 31n.
  • Eustace, M., 361.
  • Evangelistic work in Arabia, 384.
  • Eve, Tomb of, 17.
  • Ezekiel, 54, 405.
  • Ezra, Tomb of, 132.
  • Family life in Arabia, 265.
  • Fanaticism, Moslem, 379.
  • Fao, 129.
  • Fatima, Shrine of, 50.
  • Fauna of Arabia, 28.
  • Feasts, Sabean, 298.
  • Fetishism, 168.
  • Feysul, 198.
  • Fish on the Oman Coast, 82.
  • Flora of Arabia, 28, 57, 65, 124.
  • Foods of Arabia, 86, 123, 273.
  • Forder, Mr., 329.
  • Frankincense, 86.
  • Free Church of Scotland, 320, 334.
  • French, Bishop Thomas Valpy, 330, 331, 344.
  • French coaling station, 234.
  • Games, 267.
  • Geology of Arabia, 21.
  • Geographers, Arab, 25.
  • Gharah tribe, 85.
  • Glenny, Edward (quoted), 397.
  • God, The Moslem’s idea of, 171.
  • God’s promises for Arabia, 395.
  • Government of Bahrein, 108.
  • Hassa, 117.
  • Nejd, 150.
  • Governments in Arabia, 26.
  • Graves, Anthony N., 320.
  • Hadramaut, 18, 72.
  • Hagar, 397, 405.
  • Haig, F. T., 322, 334, 359, 378.
  • Hail, 151.
  • Haj Nasir, Khan of, 140.
  • Hajarein, Hadramaut, 74.
  • Halévy, Joseph, 73.
  • Hanifs, 168.
  • Harem system, 161.
  • Harpur, Dr. and Mrs., 322, 325.
  • Harrat (volcanic tracts), 23.
  • Hassa, 115, 117.
  • Hassa, The Turks in, 217.
  • Haswa, Khan El, 137.
  • Haura, 75.
  • Hegira, 183.
  • Hejaz, Turkish rule in, 207.
  • Hillah, 137.
  • Himyarite dynasty, 158, 307.
  • Himyarites, 259.
  • Himyaritic inscriptions, 74, 244.
  • History of Arabia, 158, 409.
  • Hodeidah, 53, 70, 347.
  • Bishop French at, 347.
  • Hodgson, 327.
  • Hofhoof, 113.
  • Honey, 86, 247, 282.
  • Horses, Arabian, 88, 149.
  • Hospital at Hofhoof, 116.
  • Hospitality of Rashid, 200.
  • the Amir of Nejd, 150.
  • Hostility to Christianity, 386.
  • Hurgronje Snouck (quoted), 270.
  • Ibb, Experience at, 65.
  • Ichthiophagoi, 82.
  • Idolatry in Arabia, 36, 52, 166, 284, 307.
  • Idols of Arabia, 166.
  • Ignorance of Arabia, 145.
  • Meccans, 42.
  • Ignorance, Time of, 158.
  • Illiteracy, 42, 379.
  • Immorality in Arabia, 40, 41.
  • of the Koran, 186.
  • India’s influence on Arabia, 109.
  • Infanticide, 161.
  • “Infidels”, 30, 31.
  • Inscriptions in Yemen, 313.
  • Himyaritic, 74.
  • Interior of Arabia, 143, 377.
  • Irak-Arabi, 120.
  • Irrigation in Oman, 93.
  • Ishmael, 35, 401.
  • Promises to, 398.
  • Ishmaelite Arabs, 260.
  • Islam, 169.
  • Analysis of, 177.
  • Borrowed elements of, 178.
  • God of, 171.
  • sects, 140, 192.
  • Jauf, 275.
  • Jiddah, 17, 31, 32.
  • Jebel Shammar, 154.
  • Jesus Christ, 49, 297.
  • Jews in Arabia, 63, 66, 159, 308.
  • “John the Baptist Christians,”297.
  • Joktan, 404.
  • Journey in Oman, 94.
  • to Hofhoof, 111.
  • Sana, 56.
  • up the Tigris, 131.
  • Kaaba, 34, 35, 263.
  • Tradition of the, 17.
  • Kaat-Culture, 63, 414.
  • Kamaran Island, 33. 22O.
  • Kamil, 360, 361, 423.
  • Katar Peninsula, 110.
  • Katif, 118.
  • Kedar, Promises concerning, 398.
  • Keith Falconer, Ion, 250, 331.
  • Mission, 343, 381.
  • Kenaneh, 310.
  • Kerak, 327.
  • Kerbela, 138, 195.
  • Khadijah, 181.
  • Khans, 137.
  • Koran, 186, 239, 242, 251, 282.
  • Koreish, 311, 312.
  • Kuria-Muria Islands, 86, 219.
  • Kurna, 142.
  • Kuweit, 128, 222.
  • Lahaj, 338.
  • Lane-Poole, Stanley (quoted), 253.
  • Language of the Arabs, 238, 249.
  • Sabean, 288.
  • Lansing, Dr., 321.
  • J. G., 354.
  • Law among Arabs (see Government), 265.
  • Legend as to creation of camel, 88.
  • of Nebi Salih, 302.
  • St. Bartholomew, 307.
  • Legends, 165.
  • Lethaby, William, 327.
  • Literature of the Arabs, 242, 251.
  • Locust, 266, 273.
  • Love among Arabs, 265.
  • Lull, Raymond, 239, 314.
  • Mahmal, 194.
  • Māadites, 259.
  • Mackay’s, Alexander, Appeal, 329.
  • Makalla, 73, 376.
  • Mandæans, 285.
  • Manufactures of Hassa, 115.
  • Marriages in Arabia, 162, 268, 270.
  • of Mohammed, 181, 182.
  • Temporary, 41.
  • Martyn, Henry, 314, 316.
  • Martyn’s, Henry, Journal, 318.
  • Mattra, 82.
  • Mecca, 17, 30, 34.
  • Capture of, 194.
  • Certificate, 40.
  • Turkish Government of, 208.
  • Meccan songs, 278.
  • Medical knowledge of Arabs, 280.
  • mission in Aden, Need of a, 336.
  • Medical mission in Yemen, 325.
  • missions, 361, 377.
  • Medicine, Arab, 281.
  • Medina, 31, 45.
  • Menakha, 69.
  • Menamah, 99.
  • Mesopotamia, 119, 216.
  • Star-worshippers of, 285.
  • Methods of mission work for Arabia, 383.
  • Mildmay Mission to the Jews, 363.
  • Mina, 39.
  • Miracles, Moslem, 313.
  • Mishkash, 42.
  • Mission at Aden, 342.
  • Muscat, 82, 349.
  • Missionaries needed, The kind of, 388.
  • Missionary force in Arabia, 380.
  • problems of Arabia, 374.
  • Missions in Arabia, 314.
  • Mahrah tribe, 85.
  • Makāmat, 253.
  • Mohammed, 169, 170, 179, 298.
  • Ali, 196.
  • Arabia, before, 158.
  • Mohammed’s burial place, 47.
  • Mohammedan intolerance, 30.
  • problem, 374.
  • Moharram, 140.
  • Moses, 302.
  • Moslem attitude toward Christianity, 386.
  • Moslem world, Condition of the, 397.
  • Moule, A. E. (quoted), 351.
  • Mounds at Ali, 106.
  • in the River Country, 121.
  • Mountains and table-lands, 19, 20, 22.
  • Mufallis, 58.
  • Muscat, 78, 363.
  • Attack on, 364.
  • Muscat, Bishop French at, 348.
  • Capture of, 203.
  • Henry Martyn at, 319.
  • Importance of, 329.
  • Music, Arab, 274.
  • Nasariya, 141.
  • Nebaioth, Promises regarding, 398.
  • Needs of Arabia, 381.
  • Nefud (Sandy Desert), 20.
  • Neibuhr, M., 17.
  • Nejd, 20, 27, 146.
  • Nejf, 138.
  • Nejran, 145.
  • New Brunswick Seminary Band, 353.
  • Newspapers, Arabic, 241.
  • Nomad population, 380.
  • Nomads, Arab, 157, 264.
  • North Africa Mission, 328.
  • Oaths, 57, 252, 264.
  • Ojeir, 111.
  • Oman, 78, 221, 234.
  • Interior of, 92.
  • Rulers of, 202.
  • Open doors in Arabia, 324, 375.
  • Opposition to missions, 362.
  • Ottoman (see Turkish), 127.
  • Outlook for missions, 391.
  • Palgrave (quoted), 19, 110, 153, 172, 198.
  • Palmyrene Kingdom, 304.
  • Paradise, Rivers of, 22n.
  • Paul in Arabia, 300.
  • Pearl fishing, 100.
  • Pearl Islands of the Gulf, 97.
  • Pearl oyster, 100.
  • Penmanship, Arabic, 245.
  • Pentecost, Arabs at, 300.
  • Perim, Island of, 220.
  • Persecution of Christians, 311, 379.
  • Persia, 318.
  • Persian converts, 392.
  • persecution of Christian Arabs, 305.
  • Physicians, Arab, 42, 280.
  • Pilgrimages, Early, 165.
  • to Mecca, 37, 184.
  • Pilgrims, Duties of, 38.
  • Nationality of, 33.
  • Pillars, The three, 39.
  • Pirate coast of Oman, 82.
  • Poem, “Hagar,”405.
  • Poems on women, 270.
  • Poetry, Arab, 163, 164, 254, 274.
  • Poets, Arabian, 46.
  • Political divisions of Arabia, 26.
  • history of Bahrein, 107.
  • Politics in Arabia, Present, 233.
  • Polyandry, 162.
  • Polygamy, 162, 268, 298.
  • Population of Arabia, 29.
  • Bagdad, 134.
  • Irak-Arabi, 126.
  • Portuguese at Muscat, 81, 202.
  • castle, Katif, 118.
  • Postal systems of Arabia, 224.
  • Post, Geo. E. (quoted), 186.
  • Poverty of the Arabs, 157.
  • Prayer, Call to, 326.
  • for Moslems, 315.
  • Prayer-meeting of Star-worshippers, 289.
  • Prayers of pilgrims, 38.
  • offered at Medina, 50.
  • Preaching in Yerim, 66, 324.
  • to Moslems, 384.
  • Priesthood, Mandæan, 298.
  • Problems of the Arabian field, 374.
  • Prophet’s tomb at Medina, 47.
  • Provinces of Arabia, 25.
  • Ptolemy’s map of Arabia, 18.
  • Railway, Anglo-Egyptian, 226.
  • Rashid, Mohammed bin, 200.
  • Rastak, 79.
  • Red Sea coast, 19.
  • Reformation, Wahabi, 192.
  • Reformed Church in America, 353.
  • Religion of heathen Arabs, 164.
  • the Mahrah tribe, 85.
  • Sabeans, 288.
  • Renan, Ernest (quoted), 239.
  • Report of Keith Falconer, 335.
  • Results of missions to Moslems, 392.
  • Rhenish missionary society, 394.
  • Riad, 152, 201.
  • Riggs, C. E., 361.
  • River country, 119, 382.
  • Rivers of Arabia, 21.
  • Roba’-el-Khali, 143.
  • Robbers, Bedouin, 155.
  • Robbery among Arabs, 264.
  • Robbery, Turkish, 69.
  • Roda, 68.
  • Roman empire and the Arabs, 304.
  • Ruins at Ali, 105.
  • in Hadramaut, 74.
  • Ruma, Wady, 22.
  • Russian influence, 235.
  • interests in Arabia, 223.
  • Sabeans, 285.
  • Sabat, 317.
  • Sacred mosque of Mecca, 35.
  • Sacrifice, Sabean, 294.
  • Sacrifices in Arabia, 39, 166.
  • Said, Seyid, 202.
  • Sana, 56, 67, 212.
  • Early Christianity in, 310.
  • Importance of, 324, 360.
  • Sana inscription, 313.
  • Saud, 194.
  • School for African slave-boys, 366.
  • Schools at Medina, 51.
  • in Hassa, 117.
  • of Mecca, 43.
  • Sciences, Arabian, 274.
  • Seba, 404.
  • Semitic languages, 240, 241.
  • Semites, 240.
  • Shatt-el-Arab, 120.
  • Sheba, 403, 404.
  • Shehr and its ruler, 76.
  • Sheikh Othman, 56, 335, 336.
  • mission, 342.
  • Shibam, 75.
  • Shiran, Wady, 22.
  • Shrines of Arabia, 165.
  • Sib, 84.
  • Sidra Rabba, 294.
  • Sin, Koran doctrine of, 190.
  • Sinaitic Peninsula, 302, 375.
  • Slave School at Muscat, 366.
  • trade, 85, 224.
  • Smith, Eli, 256, 316.
  • Social character of Arabs, 263.
  • Socotra, 19, 219.
  • Sohar, 84.
  • Soldiers, Turkish, 216.
  • Songs, Arabian, 275.
  • Springs of fresh water in the Gulf, 99.
  • Star-worshippers of Mesopotamia, 285.
  • Steamship service to Bagdad, 131.
  • Stern, Rev. A., 327.
  • Stone, Geo. E., 351, 366, 371, 388.
  • Suk-el-Shiukh, 141.
  • Sultan of Turkey, 206.
  • Sultans of Muscat, 79.
  • Sumatra missions, 393.
  • Superstitions, Arab, 165, 187, 283.
  • Sur, 84.
  • Sutton, Henry M., 327.
  • Sword conquest of Islam, 184.
  • Taif, 45.
  • Taiz, 60, 62.
  • Taxation, Turkish, 69, 142, 215.
  • Tenoof, 96.
  • Tents, Bedouin, 155, 271.
  • Telegraph system, 28, 223.
  • Thoms, S. J., 366.
  • Theophilus, 307.
  • Tigris-Euphrates basin, 120.
  • Torbat manufacture, 138.
  • Totemism in Arabia, 166.
  • Toweelah coin, 115.
  • Trade (see Commerce), of Bagdad, 135.
  • Trade of Bahrein, 105.
  • Muscat, 82.
  • Tradition of fall of Adam and Eve, 17.
  • Traditions, Henry Martyn’s, 319.
  • Treaties, British, with Arabs, 228.
  • Tribal marks, 166, 279, 281.
  • Travellers in Yemen, 53.
  • Turkish Arabia, 376.
  • rule, 26, 27, 58, 71, 127, 216.
  • Turkish taxation, 113, 142.
  • Turks in Arabia, 206.
  • Unexplored Arabia, 18.
  • Unoccupied territory, 382.
  • Van Dyck, C. V. A., 256, 316.
  • Van Tassel, Samuel, 328.
  • Veil, Use of the, 161.
  • Wadys, 21.
  • Wahabis, 83, 191.
  • Wahat, 57.
  • Warfare, Arab, 203.
  • Wasms, 166, 242, 281.
  • Water courses of Oman, 93.
  • Weapons, Arab, 267.
  • Wellhausen (quoted), 167.
  • Wellsted’s travels in Arabia, 92, 93.
  • Wilson, John, 320.
  • Woman’s dress in Arabia, 272.
  • work for 365, 383.
  • Women, Arab, 268.
  • Bedouin, 156.
  • Women in the “Time of Ignorance”, 160.
  • Women, Mohammed and, 183.
  • of Mecca, 40.
  • Yemen, 58, 70.
  • Sabean, 287.
  • Wood carving in Hadramaut, 75.
  • Worrall, H. R. L., 364.
  • Wrede, Adolph von, 72.
  • Writing as a fine art, 246.
  • Early Semitic, 242.
  • use of, 163.
  • Mandâitic, 287.
  • Wyckoff, James T., 363.
  • Yakoob, 361.
  • Yambo, 51, 196.
  • Yemen, 53, 57, 62, 234.
  • as a mission field, 323.
  • Turks in, 211.
  • Yemenites, 259.
  • Yerim, 65.
  • Young, J. C., 343.
  • Zemzem, Well of, 34, 36.
  • Zenobia, 304.
  • Zobeir, 128.
  • Zwemer, Peter J., 94, 362, 367.
  • Zwemer’s, P. J., journey in Oman, 94.
  • Zwemer, S. M., 354, 359.
  • Zwemer’s, S. M., journey down the Euphrates, 136.
  • Zwemer’s, S. M., journey to Hofhoof, 111.
  • Zwemer’s, S. M., journey to Sana, 56.
  • Zwemer’s, S. M., journey up the Tigris, 131.