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Beginners' zoology

Chapter 32: INDEX
By Walter Moore Coleman
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Science - Biology

About This Book

The text introduces fundamental biological concepts and the distinction between living and nonliving matter, explains energy flow via photosynthesis and animal respiration, and illustrates simple classroom experiments. It provides a systematic survey of animal groups from protozoans through sponges, polyps, echinoderms, worms, crustaceans, insects, molluscs, fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals, describing characteristic structures, functions, and life processes. Emphasis falls on observable anatomy, development, and ecological roles, accompanied by clear explanations and practical suggestions for beginner-level study and microscope work.

INDEX

  • Aboral surface, 35.
  • Acephala, 107.
  • Adaptation to environment, 148, 185, 201, 205, 207.
  • Ambulacral, 36.
  • Amœba, 10.
  • Anodon, 98.
  • Antelope, 215.
  • Antennæ, 68, 87.
  • Ant-eater, giant, 199;
  • Ant lion, 91.
  • Ape, 220.
  • Aptera, 82.
  • Apteryx, 174.
  • Aquarium, 17.
  • Argonaut, paper, 107.
  • Armadillo, 200.
  • Arthropoda, 9, 125.
  • Bat, 202.
  • Batrachia, 126.
  • Beaver, 204.
  • Bedbug, 92, 93.
  • Bee, bumble, 89;
    • honey, 88.
  • Beetle, 90, 91.
  • Big-headed turtle, 149.
  • Bilateral, 34, 49, 98.
  • Bill of bird, 151.
  • Biology defined, 1.
  • Birds, 150.
  • Blood, of insects, 78.
  • Boll weevil, 95, 96.
  • Boll worm, 95, 96.
  • Brain, of fish, 118.
  • Breathing, of bird, 161;
    • of insect, 76.
  • Bureau of entomology, 95.
  • Butterfly, 83.
  • Cabbage butterfly, 84, 86, 87.
  • Camel, 214.
  • Candle, 5.
  • Carbon dioxide, 24.
  • Carp, 112, 117, 123.
  • Cat, 184.
  • Caterpillar, tent, 84.
  • Cell, 6, 7.
  • Celom, 46.
  • Cephalopod, 106.
  • Chelonia, 143.
  • Chimpanzee, 219, 221.
  • Chirping, 66.
  • Chitin, 77.
  • Cilia, 14, 20, 101, 103.
  • Ciliated chamber, 17.
  • Circulation, in amœba, 12;
    • in insect, 77;
    • in fish, 117.
  • Clam, hardshell, 104;
    • softshell, 104.
  • Class, 9.
  • Classification, of animals, 8, 125;
    • of birds, 177;
    • insects, 82;
    • mammals, 193.
  • Click beetle, 91.
  • Clitellum, 43, 47.
  • Cloaca, 18.
  • Clothes moth, 84, 92, 93.
  • Cockroach, 71.
  • Cocoon, 84.
  • Codling moth, 84, 86, 87, 95.
  • Cœlenterata, 28.
  • Coleoptera, 82.
  • Collecting insects, 72.
  • Colorado beetle, 90, 91.
  • Coloration, warning, 84, 146;
  • Colours of flowers, 85.
  • Comparative study, 85, 108, 122, 223;
    • moth and butterfly, 85.
  • Copper head, 145.
  • Coral, 31.
  • Coralline, 31.
  • Coral snake, 145, 146.
  • Cricket, 71.
  • Cross-fertilization, 25.
  • Cuckoo, 179.
  • Cuttlefish, 107.
  • Cypræa, 104.
  • Cysts, 13.
  • Darwin, 48, 148.
  • Devil’s horse, 71.
  • De Vries, 148, 224.
  • Digits, 222.
  • Diptera, 82.
  • Division of labour, 27, 29.
  • Dog, 224.
  • Dolphin, 209.
  • Doodle bug, 91.
  • Dorsal, 43.
  • Dove, 179.
  • Dragon fly, 93.
  • Duckbill, 196.
  • Ear, of bird, 151;
  • Earthworm, 42.
  • Echinoderms, 9, 34, 125.
  • Economic importance of birds, 167;
    • insects, 93;
    • molluscs, 105;
    • rodents, 206.
  • Ectoderm, 26, 87.
  • Ectoplasm, 11, 14.
  • Egg, of insect, 81.
  • Endoderm, 26, 27, 37.
  • Endoplasm, 11, 14.
  • Energy, in amœba, 12;
    • organic, 2, 3;
    • plant, 2, 3, 5.
  • Environment, 148.
  • Epidermis, of mussel, 98.
  • Excretion, 12.
  • Eye, of bird, 150;
    • of frog, 30;
    • of grasshopper, 67, 79;
    • of fish, 111.
  • Family, 8.
  • Fangs, venomous, 145.
  • Farmers’ bulletins, 95.
  • Feather, 155.
  • Fertilization, cross, 85.
  • Field study, 10, 22, 42, 71, 72, 97, 127, 165, 166, 167, 184.
  • Fins, 110, 113.
  • Flagellum, 21, 27.
  • Flatworm, 49.
  • Flea, 92, 93.
  • Flight, of bird, 157, 175;
    • of moth, 84.
  • Fly, horse, 81;
  • Food, of birds, 177.
  • Food tube, of bird, 163;
    • of fish, 116;
    • of insect, 76;
    • of mussel, 102.
  • Foraminifera, 15, 18.
  • Frog, 128.
  • Function, 1.
  • Ganglion, 45.
  • Gasteropod, 108.
  • Gastrula, 7.
  • Genus, 8.
  • Geographical barriers, 148.
  • Gila monster, 147.
  • Gills, of mussel, 100;
    • of fish, 115.
  • Gnawing mammals, 203.
  • Gopher, pouched, 204.
  • Gorilla, 221.
  • Grantia, 18.
  • Grasshopper, 70.
  • Gypsy moth, 95.
  • Hands, defined, 220.
  • Heart, insect, 77.
  • Hemiptera, 82.
  • Heredity, 147, 153.
  • Hessian fly, 95.
  • Horned toad, 140.
  • House fly, 92, 93.
  • Human species, 220.
  • Hydra, 22.
  • Hydranth, 29.
  • Hydroid, 28, 29, 30.
  • Hymenoptera, 82.
  • Hypostome, 23.
  • Ichneumon fly, 89.
  • Imago, 81.
  • Infusoria, 16.
  • Inorganic, 1.
  • Insecticides, 95.
  • Insects, 73, 75;
    • biting, 82;
    • classified, 82;
    • sucking, 82.
  • Instinct, 80, 121.
  • Jacana, Mexican, 178.
  • Jay, blue, 181.
  • Jelly fish, 29, 30.
  • Kangaroo, 198.
  • Kidneys, of fish, 117;
    • of insects, 76;
    • of mussel, 102;
    • of worm, 45.
  • Labial palpi, 68, 74, 101.
  • Labium, 68, 74.
  • Labrum, 68, 74.
  • Lady bug, 91.
  • Lamellibranch, 107.
  • Lark, meadow, 182;
  • Larva, 81.
  • Lasso cell, 34.
  • Leg, of bird, 152;
    • of horse, 210;
    • of insect, 74.
  • Lemur, 220.
  • Lepidoptera, 82, 87.
  • Louse, 92, 93.
  • Lungs, of bird, 165.
  • Madreporite, 35.
  • Mammal, 184;
    • classified, 193;
    • defined, 189.
  • Manatee, 209.
  • Mandibles, 68, 74.
  • Mantis, praying, 3.
  • Mantle, 99.
  • Maxillæ, 68, 74.
  • Maxillary palpi, 68, 74.
  • May beetle, 90, 91.
  • May fly, 83.
  • Measuring worm, 81, 84.
  • Medusa, 31.
  • Mesoglea, 26.
  • Metamorphosis of insect, 80, 81, 82.
  • Metazoan, 1.
  • Migration of birds, 171, 173.
  • Mimicry, 146.
  • Moccasin, 145.
  • Mole, 201.
  • Mollusc, 9, 97, 125.
  • Moulting, 69, 174.
  • Monkey, 220.
  • Morula, 7.
  • Mosquito, 92, 93, 96.
  • Moth, 83.
  • Mother-of-pearl, 99.
  • Mussel, 96, 103.
  • Nautilus, chambered, 107.
  • Nectar, 8.
  • Nephridium, 45.
  • Nervous system, of bee, 78;
    • of mussel, 102.
  • Nest building, 166, 182.
  • Neuroptera, 82.
  • Nostril, of bird, 151;
    • of fish, 112.
  • Nucleolus, 6.
  • Nucleus, 6, 11, 14.
  • Octopus, 106.
  • Okapi, 214.
  • Omnivorous, 47.
  • One-celled animals, 7.
  • Opossum, 197.
  • Oral surface, 35.
  • Orang, 227.
  • Order, 9.
  • Organ, 1.
  • Organism, 1.
  • Orthoptera, 82.
  • Osculum, 18.
  • Ovary, 25, 37, 117.
  • Oviduct, 46.
  • Oxidation, 3, 4, 5.
  • Oxygen, 4, 5.
  • Oyster, 104.
  • Paramecium, 13.
  • Parasites, 49, 93.
  • Partridge, 178.
  • Pearls, 105.
  • Peccary, 217.
  • Perch, 109, 110, 123.
  • Pests, insect, 93.
  • Pheasant, 174.
  • Plastron, 141.
  • Pollen, 85.
  • Pollen basket, 88.
  • Polyp, 9, 22, 125.
  • Portuguese man-o’-war, 28.
  • Potato bug, 90.
  • Primates, 220.
  • Proboscis, of butterfly, 83, 87;
    • elephant, 207.
  • Prolegs, 84, 87.
  • Protection of birds, 171.
  • Protective resemblance, 34, 146.
  • Protoplasm, 6, 11.
  • Protozoa, 7, 9, 11, 125.
  • Pseudoneuroptera, 82.
  • Pseudopod, 11.
  • Quill, 156.
  • Rabbit, 205, 223.
  • Radial symmetry, 34, 125.
  • Rattlesnake, 145.
  • Rectum, 134.
  • Regeneration of lost parts, 37.
  • Reproduction, 12, 15, 20, 25, 37, 46, 120.
  • Reptiles, 139.
  • Rhizopoda, 16.
  • Road runner, 169.
  • Robin, 183.
  • Rotifer, 49.
  • Round worm, 49.
  • Ruminant, 213.
  • Salamander, 134, 138, 139.
  • Sandworm, 49.
  • San José scale, 95.
  • Scab in sheep, 95.
  • Scales, of bird, 161;
  • Scallops, 104.
  • Scarab, 90, 91.
  • Sea anemone, 33.
  • Sea fan, 32.
  • Sea horse, 124.
  • Sea urchin, 38.
  • Senses of insects, 76.
  • Setæ, 43, 48.
  • Sexual selection, 174.
  • Shark, 121.
  • Silkworm, 84, 86, 95.
  • Silver scale, 83.
  • Siphon, 101.
  • Siphonoptera, 82.
  • Skeleton, of bird, 152;
  • Skull, mammalian, 194.
  • Slipper animalcule, 13.
  • Sloth, 199.
  • Slug, 105.
  • Snail, 105.
  • Soil, 48.
  • Sparrow, 182;
    • English, 170.
  • Specialization, 20, 27, 66, 210.
  • Species, 8.
  • Spermary, 25, 27.
  • Spicule, 18.
  • Spider, 94.
  • Spiracle, 77, 87.
  • Sponges, 17, 125;
    • glass, 19;
    • horny, 19;
    • limy, 19.
  • Sports, 148, 224.
  • Squash bug, 93, 95.
  • Squid, 106.
  • Stickleback, 119.
  • Struggle to live, 147.
  • Study, comparative, 82, 149, 223.
  • Sun energy, 2.
  • Sunlight, 2.
  • Survival of fittest, 147.
  • Tadpole, 126, 134.
  • Tapeworm, 49.
  • Tarantula, 94.
  • Teeth, of frog, 130.
  • Terrapin, 143, 144.
  • Toad, 137.
  • Tortoise, 140, 143, 144.
  • Trap-door spider, 94.
  • Tube feet, 35.
  • Tumble bug, 90, 91.
  • Turtle, 140, 143, 144.
  • Umbo, 98.
  • Ungulate, 212.
  • Vacuole, 11, 12, 14.
  • Vampire, 203.
  • Variation, 147.
  • Variety, 8.
  • Venomous snakes, 143.
  • Vent, 42.
  • Ventral, 43.
  • Vermes, 9, 125.
  • Vertebrates, 9, 125.
  • Vertebrate skeletons, 218.
  • Viscera, of bird, 163.
  • Warning sound, 147.
  • Wasps, digging, 89.
  • Weevil, 90, 91, 96.
  • Whale, 208.
  • Wings, of grasshopper, 67;
  • Woodpecker, 180.
  • Worms, 42.
  • Zoology defined, 1.
  • Zoophytes, 33.