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Brazil today and tomorrow

Chapter 34: INDEX
By L. E. Elliott Joyce
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About This Book

A wide-ranging survey of a vast South American nation examining its physical geography and varied climates, colonial origins and political evolution, patterns of immigration and settlement, and the social fabric shaped by Indigenous, European and African influences. It analyzes transportation networks—rivers, roads, railways and shipping—and major economic activities such as coffee, rubber, cattle, sugar and emerging manufacturing, while assessing urban growth, education, and public utilities. The work balances discussion of foreign investment and domestic enterprise, highlights regional disparities and the largely undeveloped interior, and offers observations on prospects for future development.

INDEX

  • A
  • A. B. C. Treaty, 120–122.
  • Acre Territory, 194, 204, 324.
  • Affonso Penna, 81;
    • colony, 71.
  • Agricultural methods, 256, 257.
  • Agua-marinhas, 260.
  • Aguas Virtuosas, 315.
  • Alagôas, 39, 151, 271, 297, 324.
  • Alagoinhas, 150.
  • Albuquerque, Jeronymo, 37.
  • Alcobaça, 155.
  • Alto da Serra, 130.
  • Alves, Rodrigues, 81, 106, 174.
  • Amazonas, State, 180–234, 297, 313, 319.
  • Amazon river, 161, 162;
    • basin, 3, 73;
    • rubber industry, 180–234;
    • Navigation company, 161.
  • Anchieta, José de, 22.
  • Apartaçao do gado, 85.
  • Aracajú, 150, 151, 324.
  • Araguary, 141.
  • Araguaya, 155.
  • Aramina fibre, 253.
  • Arantes, Dr. Altino, 70, 139;
    • also see footnote to p. 144.
  • Araxá, 315.
  • Area of States, 324.
  • Argentina, 5;
  • Atalaia, 151.
  • Automobile roads, 127, 128.
  • Auxiliaire railway, 137.
  • Avenida Paulista, 67, 127.
  • Avenida Rio Branco, 105.
  • Aviador, 198, 199.
  • B
  • Babassú, 274.
  • Bacharel, Bacharelismo, 83.
  • Baependy, Visconde de, 61.
  • Bahia, city (São Salvador), settlement, 18, 19;
    • captaincy-general, 36;
    • Dutch seizure, 38, 39, 40, 44;
    • Dom João, 50;
    • negroes, 82;
    • churches, 91;
    • tobacco, 247.
  • Bahia, State, colonies, 60, 61;
  • Banco do Brasil, 51.
  • Bandeiras, 25–33.
  • Bangú factory, 272.
  • Banks, foreign and Brazilian, 303–305;
    • British, capital, 290;
    • National City, 296.
  • Barbosa, Ruy, 99, 106.
  • Barra, 32.
  • Barra do Córdoba, 153.
  • Barreiros, 151.
  • Barretos, packing-house at, 140, 211, 212.
  • Bartholomeu Bueno da Silva, 32.
  • Belem (Pará), 153, 298.
    • See Pará.
  • Bello Horizonte, 141, 144, 261, 298.
  • Bem Fica, 147.
  • Berrogain & Cia, 207.
  • Berwind Coal Co., 165, 296, 322.
  • Betun or petum (tobacco), 245.
  • Bicho, 87, 88.
  • Bilac, Olavo, 99, 100.
  • Blumenau of Brunswick, Herr, 58;
  • Bolivia, railway links, 135.
  • Bom Successo, 70.
  • Borba Gato, 31.
  • Borda do Campo, 22.
  • Brack, 291.
  • Braganza, 153.
  • Branco river, 159, 202.
  • Braz Cubas, 22.
  • Braz, Dr. Wencesláo, 54, 156.
  • Braz (suburb of S. Paulo), 268.
  • Brazil, discovery of, 11–14;
  • Brazil Railway Co., 137, 142, 143, 297.
  • Brazil-wood, 15, 20, 41, 46.
  • British investment, 287–290.
  • Bureau in Paris, 103, 175.
  • C
  • Cabedello, 152.
  • Caboclo, 4.
  • Cabotagem, 123, 150.
  • Cabral, Captain, 14.
  • Cacao, culture and export, 254–258.
  • Cacequy, 137.
  • Cachaça, 241.
  • Cachoeiras (Itapemirim), 146.
  • Caeté, 48.
  • Cai-Uby, 23.
  • Caixa de Conversão, 172, 277, 278, 279.
  • Cajazeiras, 153.
  • Calmon, Dr. Miguel, 193, 229, 272.
  • Cametá, 48.
  • Caminho do Padre José, 125.
  • Camocim, 152.
  • Campinas, 141, 273.
  • Campos, 146, 147, 241, 290.
  • Campos Salles colony, 69.
  • Cananea, 64.
  • Cannavieiras, 64.
  • Cantareira Tramway, 139;
    • ferries, 147.
  • Cape St. Augustine, 11.
  • Capitanias, 17, 18, 19, 36.
  • Caracú cattle, 217, 218.
  • Caramarú, 18; town, 140.
  • Caravellas, 149, 159.
  • Carbonados (diamonds), 259.
  • Cardoso de Almeida, 158.
  • Careta, 85.
  • Carioca cotton mill, 290.
  • Carnauba wax, 152, 318.
  • Carvalho, Dr. Daniel de, 270.
  • Castilloa elastica, 182, 202, 203.
  • Catalão, 141.
  • Cattle, 40;
    • introduction, 208;
    • industry, 209–219.
  • Cattley, William, 309.
  • Caxambú, 315.
  • Caxias, 153, 155, 249.
  • Ceará, capitania of, 19, 86;
  • Central Railway, 141, 144, 145, 146, 261.
  • Centro Industrial, 227, 271, 272.
  • Cereals, 248–252.
  • Chaves, Alfredo, colony of, 249.
  • Cincinato Braga, 217.
  • Ciudad Real, 23, 24, 28.
  • Clarke’s shoe factories, 290.
  • Class distinctions, 79, 80.
  • Climate, contrasts, 4;
    • variety of soil and climate, 6;
    • suited to immigrants, 73;
    • effect on roads, 128, 216, 217, 248, 274.
  • Coal, used, 146;
  • Coats’ cotton mill, 290.
  • Coconut oil factory, 275.
  • Coelho, Duarte, 14, 15, 20.
  • Coffee drinking, 88.
  • Coffee industry, 167–180;
    • coffee exports, 175.
  • Colonization, Ch. 2, p. 56.
  • Columbus, 13.
  • Commerce, exterior, 316.
  • Commerciantes, 81.
  • Companhia de Viação S. Paulo-Matto Grossi, 136.
  • Companhia do Commercio do Brazil, 42.
  • Companhia Frigorifica e Pastoril, 140.
  • Comtists, 91.
  • Conde d’Eu railway, 151.
  • Conference, 228, 270.
  • Conquista, 149.
  • Conspiracy of Minas, 49.
  • Copaiva, (Copahyba), 39, 313.
  • Corcovado, 4.
  • Correia de Sá, 44.
  • Corsairs, 35.
  • Corumbá, railway to, 135, 136.
  • Cory Coal Co., 165, 290, 322.
  • Cotton, raw, export of, 226, 227;
    • weaving, 268–273;
    • industry, 219–234.
  • Court of Cartago, 121, 122.
  • Couto de Magalhães, 108.
  • Cozinha bahiana, 108.
  • Cratheus, 152.
  • Cruz, Dr. Oswaldo, 106, 195.
  • Cubatão, old road to, 126;
    • dye factory, 273.
  • Curityba, 68, 127, 133, 139, 235.
  • Curralinho, 144.
  • Currency, system, 281, 282.
  • Curvello, 144.
  • Cuyabá, 33, 46, 159, 160, 324.
  • D
  • Defesa da Borracha, 193, 206.
  • Diamantina, 33, 144.
  • Diamonds, 259, 317.
  • Dois Irmãos Mountains, 117.
  • Dom João, 50.
  • Dom Pedro I, 51.
  • Dom Pedro II, 52, 53.
  • Dona Anna Pimentel, 208.
  • Donatarios, 19, 44.
  • Dona Thereza (colony in Pará), 58.
  • Drugs, 311, 314.
  • Duarte Coelho, 14, 15, 20.
  • Duder, 290.
  • Dumont coffee estates, 168.
  • Dutch, seizure of coast, 35;
    • West India Co., 38;
    • establishment in Pernambuco, 38–41;
    • result of occupation, 42.
  • Dutra, Dr. Firma, 136.
  • Dyes, 272, 273.
  • E
  • Education, 115–118.
  • Electric power, Paulo Affonso falls, 155;
    • used for manufacturing, 265, 270;
    • falls available, 273.
  • Elpidio de Salles, 157.
  • Emancipated colonies, 71.
  • Emboabas, Guerra dos, 47.
  • Empire established, 52;
    • abolished, 53.
  • Engenho Novo, 60.
  • Entradas, 24, 25.
  • Erechim, 72.
  • Esperanza, Porto, 136.
  • Espirito Santo State, mines, 30;
  • Estação da Luz, 131.
  • Estacio de Sá, 44.
  • Estrella, 62, 63.
  • Euclydes da Cunha, 193.
  • Export taxes of States, 302, 303.
  • External debts of States and Cities, 291, 292.
  • F
  • Fabrica da Pedra, 155.
  • Fabric-weaving mills in all Brazil, 268–269.
  • Factories in São Paulo, 265, 267, 268, 269.
  • Falls in exchange, 283, 284.
  • Farquhar, interests, 142–144, 162, 173.
  • Federal debts, 299, 300, 301.
  • Federal District, 270, 271, 291, 298.
  • Federal revenues, 302.
  • Feijó, Father Diogo, 52, 129.
  • Feira dos bizerros, 85.
  • Fernando Noronha, 15.
  • Fernão Dias, 29, 30, 31.
  • Festas, 92, 93.
  • Fibres, 252, 253, 254.
  • Fibres used by natives, 110.
  • Finance, 276.
  • Finger of God, 4.
  • Florianopolis, 6, 324.
  • Folklore, 92, 108.
  • Formosa, 145.
  • Fortaleza, 6, 152, 324.
  • France Antarctique, 43.
  • French investment, 286, 292, 293;
    • early settlements, 17, 37, 38.
  • French trade, 321.
  • Frey Tiburcio, 101.
  • Frontin, 145, 159.
  • Fruits, 258.
  • Funilense Railway, 139.
  • Future colonization, 73, 74, 75.
  • G
  • Garanhuns, 151.
  • Gardner, Dr. George, 308, 309.
  • Gavião Peixoto, 69.
  • “General Mines,” 124.
  • German investment, 293.
  • Germans, colonization, 57–62;
    • influence and language, 117, 118.
  • Goeldi, Dr. Emil, 229.
  • Gold mines, discovery, 30, 32, 33, 45, 46.
  • Gold mines in operation, 259.
  • Gonçalves, Dias, 100.
  • Good manners, Brazilian, 76, 77.
  • Goodyear Tire Co., 206.
  • Gordon, John, 262.
  • Goyana tribes, 29.
  • Goyaz, 2, 26, 27, 32, 44, 73, 141, 160, 161, 324.
  • Goytacazes, Capitania, 48.
  • Graciosa road, 127.
  • Granja, 152.
  • Grão Pará, 44.
  • Grass lands, 214, 215, 216.
  • Great Western of Brazil railway, 130, 149, 151, 152.
  • Green, Dr. Edward, 222, 228.
  • “Green Sea of Darkness,” 12.
  • Guanabara, Alcindo, 193;
  • Guaraná, 313.
  • Guarany nucleo, 72.
  • Guayará, 24.
  • Guayra falls, 273.
  • Gymnasio Anglo-Brazileiro, 117.
  • H
  • Hamburg, “Colonizing Union of,” 59.
  • Hammocks, 253.
  • Hansa, 138.
  • Henry, the Navigator, 12.
  • Herkmann, Elias, 39.
  • Herva matte outlet, 133;
    • industry, 234–238.
  • Hevea brasiliensis, 181;
    • seeds taken by Wickham, 188;
    • varieties, 194.
  • Hide exports, 218, 219.
  • Highroads, 124–129.
  • Horsemanship, skill in, 86.
  • Huber, Dr. Jacques, 229.
  • Huguenots, 43, 44.
  • I
  • Icelanders, 62.
  • Iguape, 63, 64;
    • footnote on 140.
  • Iguassú falls, 273.
  • Iguatú, 152.
  • Ilha de Johannes, 48.
  • Ilhéos, 6, 43, 48, 149.
  • Imbatuba, 138.
  • Immigration table, 72;
    • See colonization;
    • effect on Brazilian society, 78, 79.
  • Imperial road to Petropolis, 126.
  • Imports, 322, 323.
  • Imposto do Consumo, 266.
  • Independence, 52.
  • Indians, 109–113.
  • Inglotina, 272.
  • Inheritance of French ideas, 77.
  • Investment, 285.
  • Ipecacuanha, 39, 312.
  • Iquitos, 162.
  • Iron deposits, 261.
  • Isabel, Princess, 53, 80.
  • Itabira (iron), 261.
  • Itacoatiara, 162.
  • Itajahy, 63.
  • Italian immigrants, 66, 67.
  • Itamaracá, 41, 48.
  • Itanhaen, footnote on, 140.
  • Itapemirim, 146.
  • Itapura, 135, 137, 162.
  • Itatiaya, mountain, 3.
  • Itú, College at, 49.
  • Ivahy, 71.
  • J
  • Jaborandi, 39, 313.
  • “Jacaré Assu”, 62.
  • Japanese colony in São Paulo, 70, 71.
  • Jaraguá, 151.
  • Jardim Botanico, 229.
  • Jatobá, 155.
  • Jesuino Marcondes colony, 71.
  • Jesuits, 22–25, 28, 33, 34, 48, 111;
  • João Alfredo, 81.
  • João Pinheiro, 72.
  • Joazeiro, railway to, 130;
    • steamboats touching at, 144.
  • Joinville (Dona Francesca) 58, 59, 138.
  • Jornal do Commercio, 9, 101, 102, 103.
  • Jorge Tibiriça colony, 69.
  • José do Patrocinio, 108.
  • Juiz da Fora, 125.
  • Jupiá, 137.
  • Juquiá, 64.
  • K
  • Kapok (paina), 252, 253.
  • L
  • Labour, origin and locality, 82.
  • Lace-making, 254, 274.
  • Lagôa dos Patos, 117, 137, 163.
  • Laguna Mirim, 238.
  • Lambary, 315.
  • Land for immigrants, 73.
  • Langgard, Dr. T. J. H., 313.
  • Lauro Muller colony, 138.
  • Leopoldina Railway, 130, 146, 147.
  • Light and Power companies, 273, 296.
  • Literature, 97, 98, 99.
  • Lloyd Brasileiro, 162, 163, 164.
  • Loddiges, 309.
  • Lotteries, public, 87.
  • Lundgren, 231.
  • M
  • Macahé, 146.
  • Macáu, 274.
  • Macedo, J. M. de, 79, 98, 99.
  • Maceió, 6, 151.
  • Mackenzie College, 116.
  • Madeira-Mamoré, 136, 142, 154, 292, 293.
  • Maize (milho), 251, 252.
  • Malho, journal, 83.
  • Mamelucos, 18, 25.
  • Manáos, 3, 6, 105, 159, 162, 185, 186, 187, 192, 197, 201–2, 298.
  • Mandioca, 84, 252.
  • Mangabeira, 182, 185.
  • Manganese, 261, 262, 317, 318.
  • Mangrove, dye from, 272.
  • Maniçoba rubber, 152, 182.
  • Mantiqueira mountains, 3.
  • Manufactures, 264–275.
  • Mappin, 289, 290.
  • Maranhão, 33, 37, 42, 44, 48, 49, 60, 86;
    • railways, 153;
    • coffee, 178;
    • factories, 270;
    • babassú nuts, 274.
  • Marcgrav, 39, 307, 313.
  • Maribondo falls, 273.
  • Martim Affonso, 18, 21.
  • Martinho Prado colony, 70.
  • Martius, 3, 307.
  • Matarazzo, 248.
  • Match industry, 264.
  • Matte (Herva), 68, 234–238, 318.
  • Matto Grosso, 2;
  • Medicinal plants, 311–314.
  • Mem de Sá, 23, 43.
  • Mercantile Marine, 166.
  • Mestizos, 82.
  • Métayer system, 61.
  • Milho, (maize), 251, 252.
  • Mills, flour, 251;
    • sugar, 241;
    • fabric-weaving, founded in Pará and Maranhão, 224;
    • in Minas, 225;
    • Petropolis, 264;
    • S. Paulo, 265–8;
    • all Brazil, 268–272;
    • cotton mill near Pernambuco, 231–233.
  • Minas Geraes, products, 6;
  • Mucury, 59.
  • N
  • Nabuco, Joaquim, 106.
  • Nassau, Prince John Maurice of, 39.
  • Natal, 152, 324.
  • Native races, 109–114.
  • Navigação Bahiana, 150, 162.
  • Nazareth, 150, 162.
  • Negroes, first introduced, 37, 82;
    • slavery abolished, 53;
    • eminent men, 108, 109.
  • Negro river, 159, 185, 202.
  • Newspapers, 101–105.
  • Nictheroy, 147, 324.
  • Nine principal export articles, 318, 319.
  • Nossa Senhora d’O, 60.
  • Nova Europa, 69.
  • Nova Friburgo, 57, 147.
  • Nova Lusitania, 20.
  • Nova Odessa, 68.
  • Nova Veneza, 69.
  • Novels, 98, 99.
  • Nucleos, 58–72.
  • O
  • Obidos, 162.
  • Ojeda, Alonzo de, 13.
  • Olinda, 38, 91, 231, 244.
  • Oliveira, Alberto de, 100.
  • Oranges of Bahia, 258.
  • Orchids, 309, 310.
  • Orgão mountains, 4.
  • Orellana, 16.
  • Osasco, packing plant, 143, 211, 212.
  • Ouro Preto, 46, 124, 259.
  • P
  • Packing-houses, 210–212.
  • Pagés, 111, 112.
  • Paina (kapok fibre), 252–3.
  • Paper money in circulation, 281, 282.
  • Pará City (Belem); foundation, 19;
  • Parahyba, 41, 241, 271.
  • Paranaguá, 133.
  • Paranápanema river, 140.
  • Paraná river, 23, 27, 124, 126, 136, 162.
  • Paraná State, immigrants, 62, 68, 71;
  • Pará State, 4;
    • Portuguese colonies, 60;
    • imports, 196;
    • nut export, 274;
    • debt, 298;
    • exports, 319.
  • Paraty, 138.
  • Parceria system, 61.
  • Parnahyba river, 155.
  • Pastures, 215, 216, 218.
  • Patronato Agricola, 67, 169.
  • Paulista, Railway, 140.
  • Paulo Affonso falls, 124;
    • railway line, 155.
  • Pauta, (export tax rate), 203.
  • Peçanha, 60.
  • Pedra Preta, 152.
  • Pelotas, 298.
  • Pernambuco, 17, 19, 20, 128, 129, 137, 241, 319;
    • Dutch control, 38–41;
    • land, 73;
    • labour, 82;
    • tropeiros, 86;
    • churches, 91;
    • industries, 265, 271;
    • cotton cloth factory, 230–232;
    • sugar, 244.
  • Petropolis, 58, 126, 127, 147, 264, 270, 273, 290.
  • Piassava, fibre, 254.
  • Piauhy, 153, 155, 241, 271, 324.
  • Pineapples, 258, 311.
  • Pinto, Dr. Costa, 273.
  • Pinzon, 11.
  • Piquery River, 23.
  • Piracicaba, school, 63, 64;
    • sugar mill, 217, 242;
    • agricultural college, 257.
  • Piranhas, 155.
  • Pirapora, 144, 145.
  • Piso, 39, 307, 312, 313.
  • Pita, fibre, 253.
  • Plantation rubber, first experiments, 189, 190, 191;
  • Plants sent to Europe from Brazil, 306–314.
  • Poets, Brazilian, 99, 100.
  • Pombal, Marquis of, 45, 47, 48, 224.
  • Ponta da Areia, 149.
  • Ponta Grossa, 138, 139.
  • Population, 55;
    • separate states, 324.
  • Porto Alegre, 6, 298, 324.
  • Porto Seguro, 14, 48;
    • Visconde de (Varnhagen, historian), 47, 106.
  • Ports opened to world commerce, 50;
    • modern port works, 54.
  • Pottery, Marajó, 109, 110.
  • Prado, Conselheiro Antonio, 140.
  • Praia Formosa, 147.
  • Press, 100–105;
    • first established, 50.
  • Putz, Theodore, 207.
  • Q
  • Quedas, Sete, 273.
  • Queimados, 130.
  • Queiros, Luis de, 19.
  • R
  • Railroads, construction, 129;
    • Great Western, 130, 151, 152;
    • S. Paulo Railway, 131–133;
    • Paranaguá, 133;
    • links with other republics, 135, 136;
    • Northwestern, 135, 136;
    • Rio Grande, 137;
    • Santa Catharina, 139;
    • in S. Paulo, 139–141;
    • Minas, 144;
    • from Rio, 146, 147;
    • Espirito Santo, 148, 149;
    • Bahia, 149, 150;
    • Sergipe, 150;
    • Pernambuco, 151, 152;
    • other northern States, 152, 153;
    • Pará, 153;
    • Madeira-Mamoré, 154;
    • lines passing falls, 154, 155;
    • operation systems, 156, 157;
    • Federal and private control, 157, 158;
    • railways projected, 159–161.
  • Raiz da Serra, 130.
  • Ramalho, João, 18, 21.
  • Rapadura, 241.
  • Raposo, Antonio, 27–29.
  • Recife, 105, 151, 298.
  • Religion, 89–92.
  • República de Piritinim, 58.
  • Republic inaugurated, 53.
  • Ribeiro, João, 27, 28.
  • Riberão Preto, 141.
  • Rio Branco, Barão de, 119;
  • Rio de Janeiro city, 4, 5, 6, 43, 44, 50, 51, 54, 76, 85, 97, 104, 127, 137, 260.
  • Rio de Janeiro State, 60;
    • sugar growing, 244;
    • factories, 265.
  • Rio Grande do Norte, 41, 86, 241, 271, 298.
  • Rio Grande do Sul, Spanish in, 25, 47;
  • Rio Negro, colony in Paraná, 58, 138, 139;
  • Rio Pardo colony, 62.
  • Rocha Pombo, 26.
  • Romero, Sylvio, 107, 108.
  • Roncador, 141.
  • Rondon, Colonel Candido, 48, 106, 112, 129, 273.
  • Rodrigues, José Carlos, 106.
  • Rua do Ouvidor, 105.
  • Rubber, 180–208;
    • table of prices, 188;
    • world’s crop, 205;
    • factories, 206, 207.
  • Russian settlers, 68, 72;
    • carters of Paraná, 129.
  • S
  • Sabará mines, 31.
  • Sabaúna, 70.
  • Salt industry, 274.
  • Salto Grande, line to, 136.
  • Salutaris, 315.
  • Sampaio, historian, 26.
  • Santa Anna do Livramento, 141.
  • Santa Barbara, 64, 65.
  • Santa Catharina, land, 73;
  • Santa Isabel, colony, 58.
  • Santarem, 64, 159, 162.
  • Santo André, 22, 23.
  • Santos, 133.
  • São Bernardo, 22, 70.
  • São Felix, 150, 247.
  • São Francisco, river, gold-miners’ route, 46, 124;
    • projected railway, 129;
    • railway passing falls, 155.
  • São João del Rey mine, 259.
  • São Leopoldo, colony, 57.
  • São Lourenço, 315.
  • São Luis, 153.
  • São Luiz, 324.
  • São Paulo, City, 6;
  • São Paulo State, 5, 6;
    • early history, 18, 19, 21–35, 44, 46;
    • colonization system, 68–71;
    • education, 115–117;
    • coffee industry, 168–180;
    • sugar, 244;
    • manufacturing taxes, 267;
    • industries, 269–273;
    • debts, 291, 298;
    • exports, 319.
  • São Pedro de Alcantara, 57.
  • São Salvador (Bahia), 149.
  • São Sebastião (Rio de Janeiro), 44, 149.
  • São Vicente, settlement, 18, 22;
  • Sapucaia nuts, 274.
  • Schmidt, Francisco, 168.
  • Schools and Colleges, 116, 117.
  • Semi-precious stones, 260.
  • Sergipe, 150, 241, 269, 271, 324.
  • Seringueiro, cost of outfit, 197.
  • Serra Doirada, 32.
  • Serra do Mar, 125, 126, 128, 130–133.
  • Serrinha, 139.
  • Serro Frio, 30.
  • Sertanejo, 84, 85.
  • Sertanistas, 28.
  • Sertão, 25.
  • Sete Lagôas, 144.
  • Sete Quedas, 273.
  • Shipping, 161–166.
  • Silk industry, 264.
  • Silva, 60.
  • Sinimbú, 60, 63.
  • Skins, export, 318, 319.
  • Sloper, 291.
  • Solis, 16.
  • Sorocabana, railway, 136, 139.
  • Souza, Eloy de, 192, 195, 199;
    • Affonso de, 18, 21.
  • Spanish rule, 35, 36.
  • Stage, 100.
  • State Debts, 297, 298.
  • States, shares in export trade, 319, 320;
    • area and population, 324.
  • Steamship lines, 164, 165;
    • British, 290.
  • Stevenson, 290.
  • St. John’s Day observances, 92.
  • Sugar, 238–245;
  • Sumidouro mines, 29, 30.
  • Swiss settlers, 56.
  • T
  • Tamoyo Indians, 21, 43.
  • Tapajoz river, 64, 159, 162, 188.
  • Taunay, Visconde de, 98.
  • Taxes upon industries, 267.
  • Terms, Brazilian, 325–327.
  • “Terra dos Papagaios”, 15.
  • Thereza Christina railway, 144.
  • Therezina, 324.
  • Theodore Wille & Co., 172.
  • Theophilo Ottoni, 61;
  • Thevet, André, 245.
  • Thomé de Souza, 34, 43.
  • Tibagy, 29.
  • Tibiriça, 18, 23, 136, 162.
  • Tieté river, 124.
  • Tijuca, 4.
  • Tiradentes, 50.
  • Tobacco, 245–248;
  • Tocantins, 155, 162.
  • Toledo, Pedro de, 230.
  • Tombu, 29, 30.
  • Trade, ten-year periods, 317;
    • balance, 323.
  • Transportation, 123–166.
  • Travellers in Brazil, 3.
  • Treasury Bills, 279, 280.
  • Treaty of Tordesillas, 12.
  • Tres Barras lumber mills, 138.
  • Tres Forquilhas, 57.
  • Triangle of Minas, 128, 218, 273.
  • Tropeiro, 86, 87.
  • Tupan, 111.
  • Tupi-Guarani tribes, 109.
  • U
  • Uberaba, 141, 218.
  • United States Immigrants, 63, 64.
  • United States interests, 294–297.
  • U. S. purchases from Brazil, 320.
  • U. S. Steel Corporation, 261.
  • Uricury nuts, 201.
  • Urubupunga falls, 273.
  • Urucú dye, 272.
  • Uruguay link with Brazil, 135.
  • V
  • Valorization of Coffee, 171–174.
  • Vergueiro family, 61.
  • Vespucci, 13, 14.
  • Viação Bahiana, 158.
  • Viçosa, 151.
  • Victoria, 147, 148.
  • Villa Americana, 63.
  • Villa Rica, 46.
  • Villegaignon, 43.
  • W
  • Wars, 119.
  • Waterfalls, power used or available, 265, 273.
  • Weaving industry, 268–271.
  • Wheat production, 249.
  • Wickham, 180, 188, 189.
  • Wileman, 121;
    • Review, 9.
  • Willekens, Admiral, 38.
  • Willis, Dr. John, 229.
  • Wilson Coal Co., 165, 290, 322.
  • Wine, national, 88, 89, 274.
  • Women, position and education of, 94, 97.
  • Writers, 98–100.
  • X
  • Xarque, 209.
  • Y
  • Ypiranga, 52, 268.
  • Z
  • Zé Povo, 84.
  • Zebu cattle, 217.