Kail, a prince of Ad, sent to Mecca to pray for rain. Three clouds appeared, a white one, a red one, and a black one, and Kail was bidden to make his choice. He chose the last, but when the cloud burst, instead of rain it cast out lightning, which killed him.—Sale, Al Korân, vii. note.
Kail´yal (2 syl.), the lovely and holy daughter of Ladur´lad, persecuted relentlessly by Ar´valan; but virtue and chastity, in the person of Kailyal, always triumphed over sin and lust. When Arvalan “in the flesh” attemped to dishonor Kailyal, he was slain by Ladurlad; but he then continued his attacks “out of the flesh.” Thus, when Kailyal was taken to the Bower of Bliss by a benevolent spirit, Arvalan borrowed the dragon-car of the witch Lor´rimite (3 syl.) to drag him thence; the dragons, however, unable to mount to paradise, landed him in a region of thick-ribbed ice. Again, Kailyal, being obliged to quit the Bower, was made the bride of Jaga-naut, and when Arvalan presented himself before her again, she set fire to the pagoda, and was carried from the flames by her father, who was charmed from fire as well as water. Lastly, while waiting for her father’s return from the submerged city, whither he had gone to release Ereen´ia (3 syl.), Arvalan once more appeared, but was seized by Baly, the governor of hell, and cast into the bottomless pit. Having descended to hell, Kailyal quaffed the water of immortality, and was taken by Ereenia to his Bower of Bliss, to dwell with him forever in endless joy.—Southey, Curse of Kehama (1809).
Kaimes (Lord), one of the two judges in Peter Peebles’s lawsuit.—Sir W. Scott, Redgauntlet (time, George III.).
Kalas´rade (3 syl.), the virtuous wife of Sadak, persecuted by the Sultan Am´urath. (See Sadak).—Ridley, Tales of the Genii, xi. (1751).
Kaled, Gulnare (2 syl.), disguised as a page, in the service of Lara. After Lara is shot, she haunts the spot of his death as a crazed woman, and dies at length of a broken heart.
Kalemberg (The curé of), a recueil of facetiæ. The escapades of a young student made a chaplain in the Austrian court. He sets at defiance and torments every one he encounters, and ends in being court fool to Otho the Gay, grandson of Rudolf of Hapsburg.—German Poem (fifteenth century).
Kalyb, “the Lady of the Woods,” who stole St. George from his nurse, brought him up as her own child, and endowed him with gifts. St. George enclosed her in a rock, where she was torn to pieces by spirits. Johnson.—Seven Champions of Christendom, i. (1617).
Kâ´ma, the Hindû god of love. He rides on a sparrow, the symbol of lust; holds in his hand a bow of sugar-cane strung with bees; and has five arrows, one for each of the five senses.
Kanchen. In Overland through Asia Thomas Wallace Knox gives a thrilling story of a wolf-hunt with his host, Kanchen. Ivan, a servant, attended them, and a live pig was fastened to the back of the sledge as a bait. Instead of a single wolf a large pack was drawn by the squealing of the pig, which was cut loose and left in the road by Kanchen’s order. The race for life was interrupted by an upset that threw the servant out. Kanchen and his guest kept hold of the sledge and left him to his fate. It was the only hope of life. The master’s hair turned gray that night, and he lived ever afterward in seclusion (1870).
Karûn, son of Yeshar and Izhar, uncle of Moses, the most beautiful and wealthy of all the Israelites.
Riches of Karûn, an Arabic and Jewish proverb. The Jews say that Karûn had a large palace, the doors of which were of solid gold.—Sale, Korân, xxviii.
⁂ This Karûn is the Korah of the Pentateuch.
Kate [Plowden], niece of Colonel Howard of New York, in love with Lieutenant Barnstable, of the British navy, but promised by the colonel in marriage to Captain Boroughcliff, a vulgar, conceited Yankee. Ultimately, it is discovered that Barnstable is the colonel’s son, and the marriage is arranged amicably between Barnstable and Kate.—E. Fitzball, The Pilot.
Kate Lancaster. Charming hostess of the Brandon house, a legacy from her name-aunt. She chooses her dearest girl friend for her companion, and the two go down from Boston to spend the summer in the seaside town.—Sara Orne Jewett, Deephaven (1877).
Kath´arina, the elder daughter of Baptista, of Padua. She was of such an ungovernable spirit and fiery temper, that she was nicknamed “The Shrew.” As it was very unlikely any gentleman would select such a spitfire for his wife, Baptista made a vow that his younger daughter, Bianca, should not be allowed to marry before her sister. Petruchio married Katharina and tamed her into a most submissive wife, insomuch that when she visited her father a bet was made by Petruchio and two other bridegrooms on their three brides. First Lucentio sent a servant to Bianca to desire her to come into the room; but Bianca sent word that she was busy. Hortensio next sent the servant “to entreat” his bride to come to him; but she replied that Hortensio had better come to her if he wanted her. Petruchio said to the servant, “Tell your mistress I command her to come to me at once;” she came at once, and Petruchio won the bet.—Shakespeare, Taming of the Shrew (1594).
Katharine, a lady in attendance on the princess of France. Dumain, a young lord in the suite of Ferdinand, king of Navarre, asks her hand in marriage, and she replies:
Katharine (Queen), the divorced wife of Henry VIII. Shakespeare, Henry VIII. (1601).
The following actresses are celebrated for their impersonations of this character:—Mrs. Pritchard (1711-1768); Margaret [Peg] Woffington (1718-1760); Mrs. Siddons (1755-1831); Mrs. Barley (1785-1850).
Katharine de Medici of China, Voochee, widow of King Tae-tsông. She was most imperious and cruel, but her energy was irresistible (684-705).
Katin´ka, a Georgian, “white and red, with great blue eyes, a lovely hand and arm, and feet so small they scarce seemed made to tread, but rather skim the earth.” She was one of the three beauties of the harem, into which Don Juan was admitted in female disguise. The other two were Lolah and Dudù.—Byron, Don Juan, vi. 40, 41 (1824).
Katmîr´, the dog of the seven sleepers. It spoke with a human voice, and said to the young men who wanted to drive it out of the cave, “I love those who love God. Go to sleep, masters, and I will keep guard.” The dog kept guard over them for 309 years, and neither slept nor ate. At death it was taken up into paradise.—Sale, Al Korân, xviii. notes.
⁂ Katmîr, in the Oriental Tales, is called “Catnier.”
He wouldn’t give a bone to Katmîr, or He wouldn’t throw a bone to the dog of the seven sleepers, an Arabic proverb, applied to a very niggardly man.
Kay (Sir), son of Sir Ector, and foster-brother of Prince Arthur, who made him his seneschal or steward. Sir Kay was ill-tempered, mean-spirited, boastful, and overbearing. He had not strength of mind enough to be a villain like Hagen, nor strength of passion enough to be a traitor like Ganelon and Mordred; but he could detract and calumniate, could be envious and spiteful, could annoy and irritate. His wit consisted in giving nicknames: Thus he called young Gareth “Big Hands”(Beaumains), “because his hands were the largest that ever anyone had seen.” He called Sir Brewnor “The Shocking Bad Coat”(La Cote Male-tailé), because his doublet fitted him so badly, and was full of sword-cuts.—Sir T. Malory, History of Prince Arthur, i. 3, 4, 120, etc. (1470). (See Key).
Kayward, the name of the hare in the beast-epic of Reynard the Fox (1498).
Kecksey, a wheezy old wittol, who pretends to like a termagant wife who can flirt with other men—ugh, ugh!—he loves high spirits—ugh, ugh!—and to see his wife—ugh, ugh! happy and scampering about—ugh, ugh!—to theatres and balls—ugh, ugh!—he likes to hear her laugh—ugh, ugh!—and enjoy herself—ugh, ugh! Oh! this troublesome cough!—ugh, ugh!—Garrick, The Irish Widow (1757).
Ke´derli, the St. George of Mohammedan mythology. Like St. George, he slew a monstrous dragon to save a damsel exposed to its fury, and, having drunk of the water of life, rode through the world to aid those who were oppressed.
Keelavine (Mr.), a painter at the Spa hotel—Sir W. Scott, St. Ronan’s Well (time, George III.).
Keenan’s Charge at Chancellorsville, May 2, 1863, where part of a cavalry regiment, barely 300 in number, held 10,000 men in check until the last cavalry man fell, deserves to rank with the Charge of the Six Hundred, and the fight at Thermopylæ.
It is the theme of a poem by George Parsons Lathrop.
Keene (Abel), a village schoolmaster, afterwards a merchant’s clerk. Being led astray, he lost his place and hanged himself.—Crabbe, Borough, xxi. (1810).
Keepers, of Piers Plowman’s visions, the Malvern Hills. Piers Plowman (W. or R. Langland, 1362) supposes himself fallen asleep on the Malvern Hills, and in his dream he sees various visions of an allegorical character pass before him. These “visions” he put into poetry, the whole containing 15,000 verses, divided into twenty parts, each part being called a passus or separate vision.
Keha´ma, the almighty rajah of earth, and all-powerful in Swerga, or heaven. After a long tyranny, he went to Pan´dalon (hell) to claim domination there also. Kehama demanded why the throne of Yamen (or Pluto) was supported by only three persons, and was told that he himself must be the fourth. He paid no heed to this prophecy, but commanded the amreeta-cup or draught of immortality to be brought to him, that he might quaff it and reign forever. Now there are two immortalities: the immortality of life for the good, and the immortality of death for the wicked. When Kehama drank the amreeta, he drank immortal death, and was forced to bend his proud neck beneath the throne of Yamen, to become the fourth supporter.—Southey, Curse of Kehama (1809).
⁂ Ladurlad was the person subjected to the “curse of Kehama,” and under that name the story will be found.
Keltie (Old), innkeeper at Kinross.—Sir W. Scott, The Abbot (time, Elizabeth).
Kempfer-Hausen, Robert Pearce Gillies, one of the speakers in the “Noctês Ambrosianæ.”—Blackwood’s Magazine.
Kendah, an Arabian tribe, which used to bury alive their female children as soon as they were born. The Korân refers to them in ch. vi.
Kenge (1 syl.), of the firm of Kenge and Carboy, Lincoln’s Inn, generally called “Conversation Kenge,” loving above all things to hear “the dulcet tones of his own voice.” The firm is engaged on the side of Mr Jarndyce, in the great Chancery suit of “Jarndyce v. Jarndyce.”—C. Dickens, Bleak House (1853).
Kenelm (St.) was murdered at Clente-in-Cowbage, near Winchelcumb, in Gloucestershire; but the murder “was miraculously notified at Rome by a white dove,” which alighted on the altar of St. Peter’s, bearing in his beak a scroll with these words:
Kenilworth, a novel by Sir W. Scott (1821). For interest it comes next to Ivanhoe, and the portrait of Queen Elizabeth is life-like and correct. That of Queen Mary is given in The Abbot. The novel is full of courtly gaieties and splendor, but contains the unhappy tale of the beautiful Amy Robsart, which cannot fail to excite our sympathy and pity.
Kenna, daughter ofof King Obĕron, who fell in love with Albion, son of the island king. Obĕron drove the prince from his empire, and when Albion made war on the fairy king, he was slain. Kenna then poured the juice of mōly over him, and the dead body was converted into a snowdrop. According to this fable, “Kensington Gardens” is a corruption of Kenna’s-town-garden.—Tickell, Kensington Garden (died 1740).
Kennedy (Frank), an excise officer, who shows Mr. G. Godfrey Bertram, the laird of Ellangowan (magistrate), the smuggler’s vessel chased by a war sloop. The smugglers afterwards murder him.—Sir W. Scott, Guy Mannering (time, George II.).
Kenneth (Sir), “Knight of the Leoppard,” a disguise assumed by David, earl of Huntingdon, prince royal of Scotland.—Sir W. Scott, The Talisman (time, Richard I.).
Kenneth (Kincaid), promising architect, with his way to make in the world. He marries pretty, engaging Rosamond Holabird.—A.D.T. Whitney, The Other Girls.
Kenrick (Felix), the old foster-father of Caroline Dormer. His wife Judith was her nurse. Kenrick, an Irishman, clings to his mistress in all her misfortunes, and proves himself a most attached, disinterested, and faithful old servant.—G. Colman, The Heir-at-Law (1797).
Kensington, according to Tickell’s fables, is so called from the fairy Kenna, daughter of King Obĕron. The tale is that Prince Albion was stolen by Milkah, the fairy, and carried to Kensington. When 19 years old, he fell in love with Kenna; but Obĕron was so angry at this engagement, that he drove Albion out of the garden, and compelled Kenna to marry Azuriel, a fairy from Holland Park. Albion laid his complaint before Neptune, who sent Oriel with a fairy army against Oberon. In this battle Albion was slain, and Neptune, in revenge, utterly destroyed the whole empire. The fairies, being dispersed, betook themselves to the hills and dales, the caves and mines. Kenna poured juice of the herb mōly over the dead body of Albion, and the unhappy prince was changed thus into a snowdrop.—Tickell, Kensington Garden (died 1740).
Kent. According to fable, Kent is so called from Can´ute, one of the companions of Brute the Trojan wanderer, who, according to Geoffrey’s British History, settled in England, and founded a dynasty of kings. Canute had that part of the island assigned to him which was called Canutium, contracted into Can´tium, and again into Cant or Kent.
Kent (earl of), under the assumed name of Caius, attended upon the old King Lear, when his two elder daughters refused to entertain him with his suite. He afterwards took him to Dover Castle. When the old king was dying, he could not be made to understand how Caius and Kent could be the same person.—Shakespeare, King Lear (1605).
Kent (The Fair Maid of), Joan, only daughter of Edmund Plantaganet, earl of Kent. She married thrice: (1) William de Montacute, earl of Salisbury, from whom she was divorced; (2) Sir Thomas Holland; and (3) her second cousin, Edward, the Black Prince, by whom she became the mother of Richard II.
Kent (Margaret), a handsome, proud woman, whose husband deserts her and lives in South America with a mistress, leaving her to support herself and child. He comes back poor and not penitent, and she considers it her duty to live with and to support him, although while she was believed by most of her acquaintances to be a widow she was beloved and wooed by Dr. Walton, a man worthy of her.
Robert Kent, the husband, is a queer compound of fascinating and repulsive traits. He takes his wife’s hard-earned money as his due, and cajoles his little girl into giving “poor papa” the contents of her savings bank.—Ellen Olney Kirke, The Story of Margaret Kent (1886.).
Kenwigs (Mr.), a turner in ivory, and “a monstrous genteel man.” He toadies Mr. Lillyvick, his wife’s uncle, from whom he has “expectations.”
Mrs. Kenwigs, wife of the above, considered “quite a lady,” as she has an uncle who collects the water-rates, and sends her daughter Morleena to a day school.
The Misses Kenwigs, pupils of Nicholas Nickleby, remarkable for wearing their hair in long braided tails down their backs, the ends being tied with bright ribbons.—C. Dickens, Nicholas Nickleby (1838).
Kera Kahn, a gallant and generous Tartar chief in a war between the Poles and the Tartans.—J. P. Kemble, Lodoiska (a melodrama).
Kerns, light-armed Irish foot-soldiers. The word (Kigheyren) means “a hell shower;” so called because they were hellrakes or the “devil’s black-guard.” (See Gallowglasses).—Stanihurst, Description of Ireland, viii. 28.
Kesche´tiouch, the shepherd who joined the six Greek slaves of Ephesus, and was one of the “seven sleepers.”
Keschetiouch’s Dog, Catnier, called by Sale, in his notes to the Korân, “Katmîr.”—Comte de Caylus, Oriental Tales (“History of Dakinos,” 1743).
Kettledrummle (Gabriel), a covenanter preacher.—Sir W. Scott, Old Mortality (time, Charles II.).
Kevin (St.), a young man who went to live on a solitary rock at Glendalough, in Wicklow. This he did to flee from Kath´leen, who loved him, and whose eyes he feared his heart would not be able to resist. Kathleen tracked him, and while he slept “bent over him;” but, starting from his sleep, the “holy man” cast the girl from the rock into the sea, which her ghost haunted amidst the sounds of sweet music.—T. Moore, Irish Melodies, iv. (“By that Lake....” 1814).
Kew (Mrs.), wife of the lighthouse keeper at Deephaven.—Sara Orne Jewett, Deephaven (1877).
Key (Sir), son of Sir Ector, the foster-father of Prince Arthur. He was Arthur’s seneschal, and is represented as rude and boastful. Sir Gaw´ain is the type of courtesy, Sir Launcelot of chivalry, Sir Mordred of treachery, Sir Galahad of chastitychastity, Sir Mark of cowardice. (See Kay.)
Keyne [Keen] or St. Keyna, daughter of Braga´nus, prince of Garthmatrin or Brecon, called “Keyna, the Virgin.” Her sister Melaria was the mother of St. David. Many nobles sought her in marriage, but she refused them all, being resolved to live and die a virgin. She retired to a spot near the Severn, which abounded with serpents, but at her prayer they were all turned into Ammonites, and “abide to this day.” Subsequently she removed to Mount St. Michael, and by her prayer a spring of healing waters burst out of the earth, and whoever drinks first of this water after marriage will become the dominant house-power. “Now,” says Southey, “a Cornishman took his bride to church, and the moment the ring was on ran up to the mount to drink of the mystic water. Down he came in full glee to tell his bride; but the bride said, ‘My good man, I brought a bottle of the water to church with me, and drank of it before you started.’”—Southey, The Well of St. Keyne (1798).
Khadijah, daughter of Khowailed; Mahomet’s first wife, and one of the four perfect women. There other three are Fatima, the prophet’s daughter; Mary, daughter of Imrân; and Asia, wife of the Pharaoh who was drowned in the Red Sea.
Khawla, one of the sorceresses in the caves of Dom-Daniel, “under the roots of the ocean.” She is called “the woman-fiend,” “fiercest of the enchanter brood.” She had heard that one of the race of Hodei´rah (3 syl.) would be their destruction, so Okba was sent forth to cut off the whole race. He succeeded in killing eight, but one named Thal´aba escaped. Abdaldar was chosen to hunt him up and kill him. He found the boy in an Arab’s tent, and raised the dagger, but ere the blow fell, the murderer himself was killed by the death-angel.—Southey, Thalaba, the Destroyer (1797).
Khid´ir or Chidder, the tutelary god of voyagers; his brother Elias is the tutelary god of travellers. The two brothers meet once a year at Mina, near Mecca.—Mouradgea d’Ohsson, History of the Ottoman Empire (1821).
Khorassan (The Veiled Prophet of), Mokanna, a prophet-chief, who wore a veil under pretence of shading the dazzling light of his countenance. The truth is, he had lost an eye, and his face was otherwise disfigured in battle. Mokanna assumed to be a god, and maintained that he had been Adam, Noah, and other representative men. When the Sultan Mahadi environed him so that escape was impossible, the prophet poisoned all his followers at a banquet, and then threw himself into a burning acid, which wholly consumed his body.—T. Moore, Lalla Rookh (“The Veiled Prophet, etc.,” 1817).
Kifri, a giant and enchanter, the impersonation of atheism and blasphemy. After some frightful blasphemies, he hurls into the air a huge rock, which falls on himself and kills him, “for self-murderers are generally infidels or atheists.”—Sir C. Morell [J. Ridley], Tales of the Genii (“The Enchanter’s Tale,” vi., 1751).
Kildare (2 syl.), famous for the fire of St. Bridget, which was never allowed to go out. St. Bridget returns every twentieth year to tend to the fire herself. Part of the chapel of St. Bridget still remains, and is called “The Fire-house.”
Apud Kildariam occurrit ignis Sanctæ Brigidæ quern inextinguebilem vocant.—Giraldus Cambrensis, Hibernia, ii. 34 (1187).
Kilderkin (Ned), keeper of an eating-house at Greenwich.—Sir W. Scott, Fortunes of Nigel (time, James I.).
Kilian (St.), an Irish missionary who suffered martyrdom at Würzburg, in 689. A cathedral was erected to his memory in the eighth century.
Kilian of Kersberg, the squire of Sir Archibald von Hagenbach.—Sir W. Scott, Anne of Geierstein (time, Edward IV.).
Killing no Murder. Carpentier de Marigny, the enemy of Mazarin, issued, in 1658, a tract entitled Tuer un Tyran n’est par un Crime.
Sexby wrote a tract entitled Killing no Murder, generally thought to have been the production of William Allan. The object of the book was to show that it would be no crime to murder Cromwell.
Kilmansegg (Miss), an heiress with great expectations, and an artificial leg of solid gold.—Thomas Hood, A Golden Legend (1828).
King, a title of sovereignty or honor. At one time, crown tenants were called kings or dukes, at the option of the sovereign; thus, Frederick Barbarossa made one of his brothers a king-vassal, and another a duke-vassal, simply by the investiture of a sword. In English history, the lord of Man was styled “king;” so was the lord of the Isle of Wight, and the lord of Connaught, as clearly appears in the grants of John and Henry III. Several examples might be quoted of earls conferring the title of “king” on their vassals.—See Selden’s Titles of Honor, iii. (1614).
King (Arthur). See Arthur.
King (Like a). When Porus, the Indian prince, was taken prisoner, Alexander asked him how he expected to be treated. “Like a king,” he replied; and Alexander made him his friend.
King (The Factory), Richard Oastler, of Bradford, the successful advocate of the “Ten Hours Bill” (1789-1861).
King (The Railway), George Hudson; so called by the Rev. Sydney Smith (1800-1871).
King (The Red), the king of Persia; so called from his red turban.
Credo ut Persam nunc propter rubea tegumenta capitis Rubeum Caput vocant, ita reges Moscoviæ, propter alba tegumenta Albos Reges appellari.—Sigismund.
King (The Snow), Gustavus Adolphus, of Sweden, killed in the “Thirty Years’ War” at the battle of Lützen, 1632.
In Vienna he was called “The Snow King” in derision. Like a snow-ball, he was kept together by the cold, but as he approached a warmer soil he melted away and disappeared.—Dr. Crichton, Scandinavia, ii. 61 (1838).
King (The White). The ancient kings of Muscovy were so called from the white robe which they used to wear. Solomon wore a white robe; hence our Lord, speaking of the lilies of the field, says that “Solomon in all his glory was not arrayed like one of these” (Luke xii. 27).
Principem Moscoviæ Album Regem nuncupant.... Credo ut Persam nunc propter rubea tegumenta capitis Rubeum Caput vocant, ita reges Moscoviæ, propter alba tegumenta Albos Reges appellari.—Sigismund.
⁂ Another explanation may be suggested; Muscovy was called “White Russia,” as Poland was called “Black Russia.”
King (Tom), “the choice spirit of the day for a quiz, a hoax, a joke, a jest, a song, a dance, a race, or a row. A jolly dog, a rare blood, a prime buck, rum soul, and funny fellow.” He drives M. Morbleu, a French barber, living in the Seven Dials, London, almost out of his senses by inquiring over and over again for Mr. Thompson.—Moncrieff, Mon. Tonson.
(There is a Mon. Tonson by Taylor, 1768).
King (surnamed the Affable), Charles VIII. of France (1470, 1483-1498).
King (surnamed the Amorous), Philippe I. of France (1052, 1060-1108).
King (surnamed Augustus), Philippe II. of France. So called because he was born in August (1165, 1180-1223).
Sigismund II. of Poland; born in the month of August (1520, 1548-1572).
King (surnamed the Avenger), Alphonso XI. of Leon and Castile (1310, 1327-1350).
King (surnamed the Bad), Charles II. of Navarre (1332, 1349-1387).
William I. of the Two Sicilies (*, 1154-1166).
King (surnamed the Bald), Charles I., la Chauve of France (823, 875-877).
King (surnamed Barbarossa or Red Beard), Frederick II. of Germany (1121, 1152-1190).
King (surnamed the Battler), Alphonso I. of Aragon (*, 1104-1135).
King (surnamed the Bearded), Baldwin IV., earl of Flanders, The Handsome Beard (1160-1186).
Constantine IV. Pogonātus, emperor of Rome (648, 668-685).
King (surnamed Beauclerk), Henry I. of England (1068, 1100-1135).
King (surnamed the Bellicose), Henri II. le Belliqueux (1519, 1547-1559).
King (surnamed the Black), Heinrich III. of Germany (1017, 1046-1056).
King (surnamed the Bold), Boleslaus II. of Poland (1042, 1058-1090).
King (surnamed Bomba), Ferdinand II. of the Two Sicilies (1751, 1759-1825).
Francis II., Bombalīno (1860).
King (surnamed the Brave), Alphonso VI. of Leon and Castile (1030, 1065-1109).
Alphonso IV. of Portugal (1290, 1324-1357).
King (surnamed the Catholic), Alphonso I. of Asturias (693, 739-757).
Ferdinand II. of Aragon (1452, 1474-1516).
Isabella, queen of Castile (1450, 1474-1504).
King (surnamed the Ceremonious), Peter IV. of Aragon (1317, 1336-1387).
King (surnamed the Chaste), Alphonso II. of Leon, etc. (758, 791-842).
King (surnamed the Confessor), Edward the Confessor, of England (1004, 1042-1066).
King (surnamed the Conqueror), Alexander the Great, Conqueror of the World (B.C. 356, 336-323).
Alphonso of Portugal (1094, 1137-1185).
Aurungzebe the Great, Alemgir, the Great Mogul (1618, 1659-1707).
Francisco Pizarro, Conquistador, of Peru (1475-1541).
James I. of Aragon (1206, 1213-1276).
Othman or Osman I. of Turkey (1259, 1299-1326).
William I. of England (1027, 1066-1087).
King (surnamed the Cruel), Pedro of Castile (1334, 1359-1360).
Pedro of Portugal (1320, 1357-1367).
King (surnamed the Desired), Louis XVIII. of France (1755, 1814-1824).
King (surnamed the Fair), Charles IV. (1294, 1322-1326).
Philippe IV. le Bel, of France (1268, 1285-1314).
King (surnamed the Fat), Alphonso II. of Portugal (1185, 1212-1223).
Charles III. of France (832, 884-888).
Louis VI., le Gros, of France (1078, 1108-1137).
Olaus II. of Norway (992, 1000-1030).
King (surnamed the Father of Letters), François I. of France (1494, 1515-1547).
King (surnamed the Father of His People), Louis XII. of France (1462, 1498-1515).
Christian III. of Denmark (1502, 1534-1559).
King (surnamed the Fearless), John, duke of Burgundy, Sanspeur (1371-1419). Richard I., Sanspeur, duke of Normandy (932, 942-996).
King (surnamed the Fierce), Alexander I. of Scotland (*, 1107-1124).
King (surnamed the Gallant), an Italian, Re Galantuomo, Victor Emmanuel of Italy (1820, 1849-1878).
King (surnamed the Good), Alphonso VIII. of Leon and Castile (1155, 1158-1214).
John II. of France, le Bon (1319, 1350-1364).
John III., duke of Brittany (1286, 1312-1341).
John V. duke of Brittany (1388, 1399-1442).
Philippe III., le Bon, duke of Burgundy (1396, 1419, 1467).
Réné, titular king of Naples (1409-1452).
Richard II., duke of Normandy (*, 996-1026.)
William II. of the Two Sicilies (*, 1166-1189).
King (surnamed the great), Abbas I. of Persia (1557, 1585-1628).
Alexander of Macedon (B.C. 356, 340-323).
Alfred of England (849, 871-901).
Alphonso III. of Asturias, etc. (848, 866-912).
Alphonso V., count of Savoy (1249, 1285-1323).
Boleslaus I. of Poland (*, 992-1025).
Canute of England (995, 1014-1035).
Casimir III. of Poland (1309, 1333-1370).
Charlemagne (742, 768-814).
Charles III., duke of Lorraine (1543, 1547-1608).
Charles Emmanuel I., duke of Savoy (1562, 1580-1630).
Constantine I., emperor of Rome (272, 306-337).
Cosmo de’ Medici, grand duke of Tuscany (1519, 1537-1574).
Ferdinand I. of Castile, etc., (*, 1034-1065).
Frederick II. of Prussia (1712, 1740-1786).
Frederick William, the Great Elector (1620, 1640-1688).
Gregory I., pope (544, 590-604).
Henri IV. of France (1553, 1589-1610).
Herod I. of the Jews (b.c. 73, 47-4).
Herod Agrippa I., the tetrarch (*, *-44).
Hiao-wen-tee of China (B.C. 206, 179-157).
John II. of Portugal (1455, 1481-1495).
Justinian I., emperor of the East (483, 527-565).
Khosrou or Chosroës I. of Persia (*, 531-579).
Leo I., pope (390, 440-461).
Louis XIV. of France (1638, 1643-1715).
Ludwig of Hungary (1326, 1342-1381).
Mahomet II. of Turkey (1430, 1451-1481).
Matteo Visconti, lord of Milan (1250, 1295-1322).
Maximilian, duke of Bavaria (1573-1651).
Napoleon I. of France (1769, 1804-1814, died 1821).
Nicholas I., pope (*, 858-867).
Otto I. of Germany (912, 936-973).
Pedro III. of Aragon (1239, 1276-1285).
Peter I. of Russia (1672, 1689-1725).
Sapor II. of Persia (310, 308-380).
Sigismund I. of Poland (1466, 1506-1548).
Theoderic of the Ostrogoths (454, 475-526).
Theodosius I., emperor (346, 378-395).
Vladimir, grand-duke of Russia (*, 973-1014).
Waldemar I. of Denmark (1131, 1157-1181).
King (surnamed the Illustrious), Albert V., emperor of Austria (1398, 1404-1439).
Jam-schid of Persia (B.C. 840-800).
Kien-lông of China (1736-1796).
Nicomedês II., Epiphanes, of Bithynia (*, 149-191).
Ptolemy V., Epiphanes, of Egypt (B.C. 210, 205-181).
King (surnamed the Infant), Ludwig IV. of Germany (893, 900-911).
Otto III. of Germany (980, 983-1002).
King (surnamed Ironside), Edmund II. of England (989, 1016-1017).
Frederick II., elector of Brandenburg was called “Iron Tooth” (1657, 1688-1713).
Nicholas of Russia was called “The Iron Emperor” (1796, 1826-1852).
King (surnamed the Just), Baharam of Persia (276-296).
Casimir II. of Poland (1117, 1177-1194).
Ferdinand I. of Aragon (1373, 1412-1416).
Haroun-al-Raschid (765, 786-808).
James II. of Aragon (1261, 1285-1327).
Khosrou or Chosroës I. of Persia (*, 531-579).
Louis XIII. of France (1601, 1610-1643).
Pedro I. of Portugal (1320, 1357-1367).
King (surnamed the Lame), Agesilaös of Sparta (B.C. 444, 398-360398-360).
Albert II. of Austria (1289, 1330-1358), duke of Austria.
Charles II. of Naples (1248, 1289-1309).
Heinrich II. of Germany (972, 1002-1024).
King (surnamed the Lion), Alep Arslan (the Valiant Lion), son of Togrul Beg, the Perso-Turkish monarch (*, 1063-1072).
Arioch, called “The Lion King of Assyria”Assyria” (B.C. 1927-1897).
Damelowiez, prince of Haliez, who founded Lemburg (“the lion city” in 1259.)
Gustavus Adolphus, called “The Lion of the North” (1594, 1611-1632).
Heinrich, duke of Bavaria and Saxony (1129-1195).
Louis VIII. of France (1187, 1223-1226).
Richard I. of England, Cœur de Lion (1157, 1189-1199).
William of Scotland; so called because he chose for his cognizance a red lion rampant (*, 1165-1214).
King (surnamed the Little), Charles III. of Naples (1345, 1381-1386).
King, (surnamed the Long-legged), Edward I., Longshanks, of England (1239, 1272-1307).
Philippe V., le Long, of France (1294, 1317-1322).
King (surnamed the Magnanimous), Alphonso V. of Aragon and Naples (1385, 1416-1458).
Khosrou or Chosroës of Persia, Noushirwan (*, 531-579).
King (surnamed the Magnificent), Soliman I., sultan (1493, 1520-1566).
King (surnamed the Martyr), Charles I. of England (1600, 1625-1649).
Edward the Martyr, of England (961, 975-979).
Louis XVI. of France (1754, 1774-1793).
Martin I., pope (*, 649-655).
King (surnamed the Minion), Henri III. of France (1551, 1574-1589).
King (surnamed the Noble), Alphonso VIII., of Leon and Castile (1155, 1158-1214).
Charles III. of Navarre (*, 1387-1425).
Soliman, called Tchelibi, Turkish prince at Adrianople (died 1410).
King (surnamed the Pacific), Amadeus VIII., count of Savoy (1383, 1391-1449).
Frederick III. of Germany (1415, 1440-1493).
Olaus III. of Norway (*, 1030-1093).
King (surnamed the Patient), Albert IV., duke of Austria (1377, 1395-1404).
King (surnamed the Philosopher), Frederick the Great, called “The Philosopher of Sans Souci” (1712, 1740-1786).
Leo VI., emperor of the East (866, 886-911).
Marcus Aurelius Antonīnus of Rome (121, 161-180).
King (surnamed the Pious), Edward VI. of England (1537, 1547-1553).
Eric IX. of Sweden (*, 1155-1161).
Ernst I., founder of the house of Gotha (1601-1674).
Robert, le Pieux, of France (971, 996-1031).
King, (surnamed the Prodigal), Albert VI. of Austria (1418, 1439-1463).
King, (surnamed(surnamed the Rash), Charles, le Temeraire, of Burgundy (1433, 1467-1477), duke.
King (surnamed the Red), Amadeus VII., count of Savoy (1360, 1383-1391).
Otto II. of Germany (955, 973-983).
William II., Rufus, of England (1057, 1087-1100).
King (surnamed Red Beard), Frederick I., kaiser of Germany, called Barbarossa (1121, 1152-1190).
Horush or Horuc, sultan of Algiers (1474, 1516-1518).
Khair Eddin, sultan of Algiers (*, 1518-1546).
King (surnamed the Saint), Boniface I., pope (*, 418-422418-422).
Boniface IV., pope (*, 607-615).
Celestine I., pope (*, 422-432).
Celestine V., pope (1215, 1294-1296).
Charles the Good, count of Flanders (*, 1119-1127).
David of Scotland (*, 1124-1153).
Eric IX. of Sweden (*, 1155-1160).
Ethelred I. of Wessex (*, 866-871).
Eugenius I., pope (*, 654-657).
Felix I., pope (*, 269-274).
Ferdinand III. of Castile and Leon (1200, 1217-1252).
Heinrich II. of Germany (972, 1002-1024).
Julius I., pope (*, 337-352).
Kâng-he of China (*, 1661-1722).
Ladislaus I. of Hungary (1041, 1077-1095).
Leo IX., pope (1002, 1049-1054).
Louis IX., of France (1215, 1226-1270).
Martin I., pope (*, 649-655).
Olaus II. of Norway (992, 1000-1030).
Stephen I. of Hungary (979, 997-1038).
King (surnamed the Salic), Conrad II. of Germany (*, 1024-1039).
King (surnamed the Severe), Peter I. of Portugal (1320, 1357-1367).
King (surnamed the Silent), Anastasius I., emperor of the East (430, 491-518).
William I., Stadtholder (1533, 1544-1584).
King (surnamed the Simple), Charles III. of France (879, 893-929).
King (surnamed the Stammerer), Louis II., le Bégue, of France (846, 877-879).
Michael II., emperor of the East (*, 820-829).
King (surnamed the Terrible), Ivan II. of Russia (1529, 1533-1584).
King (surnamed the Thunderbolt). Ptolemy, king of Macedon, eldest son of Ptolemy Sotêr I., was so called from his great impetuosity (B.C.*, 285-279).
King (surnamed the Thunderer), Stephen II. of Hungary (1100, 1114-1131).
King (surnamed the Unready), Ethelred II. of England (*, 978-1016). Unready, in this case, does not mean unprepared, but unwise, lacking rede (“wisdom or counsel”).
King (surnamed the Valiant), John IV., duke of Brittany (1338, 1364-1399).
King (surnamed the Victorious), Charles VII. of France (1403, 1422-1461).
King (surnamed the Well-beloved), Charles VI. of France (1368, 1380-1422).
Louis XV. of France (1710, 1715-1774).
King (surnamed the Wise), Albert II., duke of Austria (1289, 1330-1358).
Alphonso X. of Leon and Castile (1203, 1252-1284).
Charles V. of France, le Sage (1337, 1364-1380).
Che-tsou of China (*, 1278-1295).
Frederick, elector of Saxony (1463, 1544-1554).
James I., Solomon, of England (1566, 1603-1625).
John V., duke of Brittany (1389, 1399-1442).
King (surnamed the Wonder of the World), Frederick II. of Germany (1194, 1215-1250).1215-1250).
Otto III. of Germany (980, 983-1002).
King (surnamed the Young), Dagobert II. of France (652, 656-679).
Leo II., pope (470, 474-474).
Louis VII., le Jeune, of France (1120, 1137-11801137-1180).
Ludwig II. of Germany (822, 855-875).
Romanus II., emperor of the East (939, 959-963).
King Franco´ni, Joachim Murat; so called because his dress was so exceedingly showy that he reminded one of the fine dresses of Franconi, the mountebank (1767-1815).
King Log, a roi fainéant, an allusion to Æsop’s fable of the Frogs asking for a King. Jupiter threw a log into the pond for their first king, and a stork for their second. The one was too passive, the other was a “devourer of his people.”
King Maker (The), Richard Neville, earl of Warwick, who fell in the battle of Barnet (1420-1471). So called, because when he espoused the Yorkists, Edward IV. was set up king; and when he espoused the Lancastrian side, Henry VI. was restored.