Marcomanic War, a war carried on by the Marcomanni, under the leader-ship of Maroboduus, who made himself master of Bohemia, etc. Maroboduus was defeated by Arminius, and his confederation broken up (A.D. 20). In the second Christian century a new war broke out between the Marcomanni and the Romans, which lasted thirteen years. In A.D. 180 peace was purchased by the Romans, and the war for a time ceased.

Marcos de Obregon, the hero of a Spanish romance, from which Lesage has borrowed very freely in his Gil Blas.—Vicente Espinel, Vida del Escudero Marcos de Obregon (1618).

Marculf, in the comic poem of Salomon and Marculf, a fool who outwits the sage of Israel by knavery and cunning. The earliest version of the poem extant is a German one of the twelfth century.

Marcus, son of Cato of Utĭca, a warm-hearted, impulsive young man, passionately in love with Lucia, daughter of Lucius; but Lucia loved the more temperate brother, Portius. Marcus was slain by Cæsar’s soldiers when they invaded Utica.

Mardonius (Captain), in Beaumont and Fletcher’s drama called A King or No King (1619).

Mareschal of Mareschal Wells (Young), one of the Jacobite conspirators, under the leadership of Mr. Richard Vere, laird of Ellieslaw.—Sir W. Scott, The Black Dwarf (time, Anne).

Marfi´sa, an Indian queen.—Bojardo, Orlando Innamorato (1495), and Ariosto, Orlando Furioso (1516).

Marforio’s Statue. This statue lies on the ground in Rome, and was at one time used for libels, lampoons, and jests, but was never so much used as Pasquin’s.

Margar´elon (4 syl.), a Trojan hero of modern fable, who performed deeds of marvellous bravery. Lydgate, in his Boke of Troy (1513), calls him a son of Priam. According to this authority, Margarelon attacked Achillês, and fell by his hand.

Margaret, only child and heiress of Sir Giles Overreach. Her father set his heart on her marrying Lord Lovel, for the summit of his ambition was to see her a peeress. But Margaret was modest, and could see no happiness in ill-assorted marriages; so she remained faithful to Tom Allworth, the man of her choice.—Massinger, A New Way to Pay Old Debts (1628).

Margaret, wife of Vandunke (2 syl.), the drunken burgomaster of Bruges.—Beaumont and Fletcher, The Beggars’ Bush (1622).

Margaret (Ladye), “the flower of Teviot,” daughter of the Duchess Margaret and Lord Walter Scott, of Branksome Hall. The Ladye Margaret was beloved by Henry of Cranstown, whose family had a deadly feud with that of Scott. One day the elfin page of Lord Cranstown inveigled the heir of Branksome Hall (then a lad) into the woods, where the boy fell into the hands of the Southerners. The captors then marched with 3000 men against the castle of the widowed duchess, but being told by a spy that Douglass, with 10,000 men, was coming to the rescue, an arrangement was made to decide by single combat whether the boy should become King Edward’s page, or be delivered up into the hands of his mother. The English champion (Sir Richard Musgrave) fell by the hand of Sir William Deloraine, and the boy was delivered to his mother. It was then discovered that Sir William was in reality Lord Cranstown, who claimed and received the hand of the fair Margaret as his reward.—Sir W. Scott, Lay of the Last Minstrel (1805).

Margaret, the heroine of Goethe’s Faust. Faust first encounters her on her return from church, falls in love with her, and seduces her. Overcome with shame, she destroys the infant to which she gives birth, and is condemned to death. Faust attempts to save her, and, gaining admission to her cell, finds her huddled up on a bed of straw, singing, like Ophelia, wild snatches of ancient ballads, her reason faded, and her death at hand. Faust tries to persuade the mad girl to flee with him, but in vain. At last the day of execution arrives, and with it Mephistoph´elês, passionless and grim. Faust is hurried off, and Margaret is left to her fate. Margaret is often called by the pet diminutive “Gretchen,” and in the opera “Margheri´ta” (q.v.).—Goethe, Faust (1790).

Shakespeare has drawn no such portrait as that of MargaretMargaret; no such peculiar union of passion, simplicity, homeliness, and witchery. The poverty and inferior social position of Margaret are never lost sight of—she never becomes an abstraction. It is love alone which exalts her above her station.—Lewes.

Margaret Catchpole, a Suffolk celebrity, born at Nacton, in that county, in 1773; the title and heroine of a tale by the Rev. R. Cobbold. She falls in love with a smuggler named Will Laud, and in 1797, in order to reach him, steals a horse from Mr. J. Cobbold, brewer, of Ipswich, in whose service she had lived much respected. She dresses herself in the groom’s clothes, and makes her way to London, where she is detected while selling the horse, and is put in prison. She is sentenced to death at the Suffolk assizes—a sentence afterwards commuted to one of seven years’ transportation. Owing to a difficulty in sending prisoners to New South Wales, she is confined in Ipswich jail; but from here she makes her escape, joins Laud, who is shot in her defence. Margaret is recaptured, and again sentenced to death, which is for the second time commuted to transportation, this time for life, and she arrivesarrives at Port Jackson in 1801. Here, by her good behavior, she obtains a free pardon, and ultimately marries a former lover named John Barry, who had emigrated and risen to a high position in the colony. She died, much respected, in the year 1841.

Margaret Debree. Young girl of noble and beautiful nature whose latent ambition is aroused by her marriage to the successful speculator, Rodney Henderson. She becomes a society leader and woman of fashion, and dies at the height of her popularity.—Charles Dudley Warner, A Little Journey in the World (1889).

Margaret Finch, queen of the gypsies. She was born at Sutton, in Kent (1631), and finally settled in Norway. From a constant habit of sitting on the ground, with her chin on her knees, she was unable to stand, and when dead was buried in a square box; 1740, aged 109 years.

Margaret. Bright-faced, sweet-hearted heroine of The Stillwater Tragedy, by T. B. Aldrich (1886).

Margaret Gibson, afterwards called Patten, a famous Scotch cook, who was employed in the palace of James I. She was born in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, and died June 26, 1739, either 136 or 141 years of age.

Margaret Kent (See Kent).

Margaret Lamburn, one of the servants of Mary, queen of Scots, who undertook to avenge the death of her royal mistress. For this end, she dressed in man’s clothes and carried two pistols—one to shoot Queen Elizabeth and the other herself. She had reached the garden where the queen was walking, when she accidentally dropped one of the pistols, was seizedseized, carried before the queen, and frantically told her tale. When the queen asked how she expected to be treated, MargaretMargaret replied, “A judge would condemn me to death, but it would be more royal to grant me pardon.” The queen did so, and we hear no more of this fanatic.

Margaret Simon, daughter of Martin Simon, the miller of Grenoble; a brave, beautiful, and noble girl.—E. Stirling, The Gold-Mine or Miller of Grenoble (1854.)

Margaret of Anjou, widow of king Henry VI. of England. She presents herself, disguised as a mendicant, in Strasburg Cathedral, to Philipson (i.e. the earl of Oxford).—Sir W. Scott, Anne of Geierstein (time, Edward IV.).

Margaret’s Ghost, a ballad by David Mallet (1724). William courted the fair Margaret, but jilted her; he promised love, but broke his promise; said her face was fair, her lips sweet, and her eyes bright, but left the face to pale, the eyes to weep and the maid to languish and die. Her ghost appeared to him at night to rebuke his heartlessness; and next morning William left his bed raving mad, hied him to Margaret’s grave, thrice called her by name, “and never word spake more.”

We shall have ballads made of it within two months, setting forth how a young squire became a serving-man of low degree, and it will be stuck up with Margaret’s Ghost against the walls of every cottage in the country.—I. Bickerstaff, Love in a Village (1763).

Margaret Regis. American girl of decided views and strong, sweet nature, brought up by a step-mother whom she is slow to appreciate, but in the end loves truly. Margaret outgrows an early fancy, and, when released from the letter of her engagement, bestows her hand with her heart upon General Paul Rushleigh.—A. D. T. Whitney, Sights and Insights (1875).

Margaretta, a maiden attached to Robin. Her father wanted her to marry “a stupid old man, because he was rich;” so she ran away from home and lived as a ballad-singer. Robin emigrated for three years, and made his fortune. He was wrecked on the coast of Cornwall, on his return, and met Margaretta at the house of Farmer Crop, his brother-in-law, when the acquaintance was renewed. (See No Song, etc.)—Hoare, No Song No Supper (1754-1834).

Margarit´ta (Donna), a Spanish heiress, “fair, young, and wealthy,” who resolves to marry that she may the more freely indulge her wantonness. She selects Leon for her husband, because she thinks him a milksop, whom she can twist round her thumb at pleasure; but no sooner is Leon married than he shows himself the master. By ruling with great firmness and affection, he wins the esteem of every one, and the wanton coquette becomes a modest, devoted, and obedient wife.—Beaumont and Fletcher, Rule a Wife and Have a Wife (1640).

Margery (Dame), the old nurse of Lady Eveline Berenger “the betrothed.”—Sir W. Scott, The Betrothed (time, Henry II.).

Margheri´ta, a simple, uncultured girl, of great fascination, seduced by Faust. Margherita killed the infant of her shame, and was sent to jail for so doing. In jail she lost her reason, and was condemned to death. When Faust visited her in prison, and tried to persuade her to flee with him, she refused. Faust was carried off by demons, and Margherita was borne by angels up to heaven; the intended moral being, that the repentant sinner is triumphant.—Gounod, Faust e Margherita (1859).

Margheri´ta di Valois, daughter of Catherine de Medicis and Henri II. of France. She marries Henri le Bearnais (afterwards Henri IV. of France). It was during the wedding solemnities of Margherita and Henri that Catherine de Medicis carried out the massacre of the French Huguenots. The bride was at a ball during this horrible slaughter.—Meyerbeer, Les Huguenots or Gli Ugonotti (1836).

⁂ François I. used to call her La Marguerite des Marguerites (“The Pearl of Pearls”).

Margia´na (Queen), a Mussulman, and mortal enemy of the fire-worshippers. Prince Assad became her slave, but, being stolen by the crew of Behram, was carried off. The queen gave chase to the ship; Assad was thrown overboard, and swam to shore. The queen with an army demanded back her slave, discovered that Assad was a prince, and that his half-brother was king of the city to which she had come, whereupon she married him, and carried him home to her own dominions.—Arabian Nights (“Amgiad and Assad”).

Marjorie (Pet), child of singular promise, a great pet with Sir Walter Scott. She died under the age of ten. Her story is written by Dr. John Brown, author of Rab and His Friends.

Margutte (3 syl.), a low-minded, vulgar giant, ten feet high, with enormous appetite and of the grossest sensuality. He died of laughter on seeing a monkey pulling on his boots.—Pulci, Morgantê Maggiorê (1488).

Chalchas, the Homeric soothsayer, died of laughter. (See Laughter.)

Marguerite, French exile and maid-servant lies dying, nursed by a hard, cold mistress. The son of the house steals into the room and avows his love for the alien.

Marhaus (Sir), a knight of the Round Table, a king’s son, and brother of the queen of Ireland. When Sir Mark, king of Cornwall, refused to pay truage to Anguish, king of Ireland, Sir Marhaus was sent to defy Sir Mark and all his knights to single combat. No one durst go against him; but Tristram said, if Mark would knight him, he would defend his cause. In the combat, Sir Tristram was victorious. With his sword he cut through his adversary’s helmet and brain-pan, and his sword stuck so fast in the bone that he had to pull thrice before he could extricate it. Sir Marhaus contrived to get back to Ireland, but soon died.—Sir T. Malory, History of Prince Arthur, ii. 7, 8 (1470).

⁂ Sir Marhaus carried a white shield; but as he hated women, twelve damsels spat thereon, to show how they dishonored him.—Ditto, pt. i. 75.

Maria, a lady in attendance on the princess of France. Mongaville, a young lord in the suite of Ferdinand, king of Navarre, asks her to marry him, but she defers her answer for twelve months. To this Longaville replies, “I’ll stay with patience, but the time is long;” and Maria makes answer, “The liker you; few taller are so young.”—Shakespeare, Love’s Labor’s Lost (1594).

Maria, the waiting-woman of the Countess Olivia.—Shakespeare, Twelfth Night (1614).

Maria, wife of Frederick, the unnatural and licentious brother of Alphonso, king of Naples. She is a virtuous lady, and appears in strong contrast to her infamous husband.—Beaumont and Fletcher, A Wife for a Month (1624).

Maria, daughter and only child of Thorowgood, a wealthy London merchant. She is in love with George Barnwell, her father’s apprentice; but George is executed for robbery and murder.—George Lillo, George Barnwell (1732).

A dying man sent for David Ross, the actor [1728-1790], and addressed him thus: “Some forty years ago, like ‘George Barnwell’ I wronged my master to supply the unbounded extravagance of a ‘Millwood.’ I took her to see your performance, which so shocked me that I vowed to break the connection and return to the path of virtue. I kept my resolution, replaced the money I had stolen, and found a ‘Maria’ in my master’s daughter.... I have now left £1000 affixed to your name in my will and testament.”—Pelham, Chronicles of Crime.

Maria, the ward of Sir Peter Teazle. She is in love with Charles Surface, whom she ultimately marries.—Sheridan, School for Scandal (1777).

Maria, “The maid of the Oaks,” brought up as the ward of Oldworth, of Oldworth Oaks, but is in reality his daughter and heiress. Maria is engaged to Sir Harry Groveby, and Harry says, “She is the most charmingest, sweetest, delightfulest, mildest, beautifulest, modestest, genteelest young creature in the world.”—J. Burgoyne, The Maid of the Oaks.

Maria, a maiden whose banns were forbidden, “by the curate of the parish who published them;” in consequence of which, Maria lost her wits, and used to sit on the roadside near Moulines (2 syl.), playing on a pipe vesper hymns to the Virgin. She led by a ribbon a little dog named Silvio, of which she was very jealous, for at one time she had a favorite goat that forsook her.—Sterne, Sentimental Journey (1768).

Maria, a foundling, discovered by Sulpizio, a sergeant of the 11th regiment of Napoleon’s Grand Army, and adopted by the regiment as their daughter. Tonio, a Tyrolese, saved her life and fell in love with her. But just as they were about to be married the marchioness of Birkenfield claimed the foundling as her own daughter, and the sutler girl had to quit the regiment for the castle. After a time, the castle was taken by the French, and although the marchioness had promised Maria in marriage to another, she consented to her union with Tonio, who had risen to the rank of a field-officer.—Donizetti, La Figlia del Reggimento (an opera, 1840).

Maria [Delaval], daughter of colonel Delaval. Plighted to Mr. Versatile, but just previous to the marriage Mr. Versatile, by the death of his father, came into a large fortune and baronetcy. The marriage was deferred; Mr. (now Sir George) Versatile went abroad, and became a man of fashion. They met, the attachment was renewed, and the marriage consummated.

Maria [Latham.] “An elderly woman with a plain, honest face, as kindly in expression as she can be perfectly sure she feels, and no more;” aunt to Lydia Blood. When she hears that the stewardess on the Aroostook is a boy, and the cook not a woman, she is slightly confounded, but rallies under the conviction that “Lyddy’ll know how to conduct herself wherever she is.”—W. D. Howells, The Lady of the Aroostook (1879).

Maria [Wilding], daughter of Sir Jasper Wilding. She is in love with Beaufort; and, being promised in marriage against her will to George Philpot, disgusts him purposely by her silliness. George refuses to marry her, and she gives her hand to Beaufort.—Murphy, The Citizen (1757).

Maria Theresa Panza, wife of Sancho Panza. She is sometimes called Maria, and sometimes Theresa.—Cervantes, Don Quixote (1605).

Mariage Forcé (Le). Sganarelle, a rich man of 64, promises marriage to Dorimène (3 syl.), a girl under 20, but, having scruples about the matter, consults his friend, two philosophers, and the gypsies, from none of whom can he obtain any practical advice. At length, he overhears Dorimène telling a young lover that she only marries the old man for his money, and that he cannot live above a few months; so the old man goes to the father and declines the alliance. On this, the father sends his son to Sganarelle. The young man takes with him two swords, and with the utmost politeness and sang-froid requests Mons. to choose one. When the old man declines to do so, the young man gives him a thorough drubbing, and again with the utmost politeness requests the old man to make his choice. On his again declining to do so, he is again beaten, and at last consents to ratify the marriage.—Molière, Le Mariage Forcé (1664).

Mariamne, (4 syl.), a Jewish princess, daughter of Alexander and wife of Herod, “the Great.” Mariamnê was the mother of Alexander and Aristobu´lus, both of whom Herod put to death in a fit of jealousy, and then fell into a state of morbid madness, in which he fancied he saw Mariamnê and heard her asking for her sons.

⁂ This has been made the subject of several tragedies: e.g. A. Harley, Mariamne (1622); Pierre Tristan l’Ermite, Mariamne (1640); Voltaire, Mariamne (1724).

Marian, “the Muses’ only darling,” is Margaret, countess of Cumberland, sister of Anne, countess of Warwick.

Marian, “the parson’s maid,” in love with Colin Clout, who loves Cicely. Marian sings a ditty of dole, in which she laments for Colin, and says how he gave her once a knife, but “Woe is me! for knives, they tell me, always sever love.”—Gay, Pastorals, ii. (1714).

Marian, “the daughter” of Robert, a wrecker, and betrothed to Edward, a young sailor. She was fair in person, loving, and holy. During the absence of Edward at sea, a storm arose, and Robert went to the coast to look for plunder. Marian followed him, and in the dusk saw some one stab another. She thought it was her father, but it was Black Norris. Her father being taken up, Marian gave evidence against him, and the old man was condemned to death. Norris now told Marian he would save her father if she would become his wife. She made the promise, but was saved the misery of the marriage by the arrest of Norris for murder.—S. Knowles, The Daughter (1836).

Marian´a, a lovely and loveable lady, betrothed to Angelo, who, during the absence of Vincentio, the duke of Vienna, acted as his lord deputy. Her pleadings to the duke for Angelo are wholly unrivalled.—Shakespeare, Measure for Measure (1603).

Timid and shrinking before, she does not now wait to be encouraged in her suit. She is instant and importunate. She does not reason with the duke; she begs; she implores.—R. G. White.

Mariana, sister of Lodovi´co Sforza, duke of Milan, and wife of Francesco, his chief minister of state.—Massinger, The Duke of Milan (1622).

Mariana, daughter of Lord Charney; taken prisoner by the English, and in love with Arnold (friend of the Black Prince). Just before the battle of Poitiers, thinking the English cause hopeless, Mariana induces Arnold to desert; but Lord Charney will not receive him. Arnold returns to the English camp, and dies in battle. Lord Charney is also slain, and Mariana dies distracted.—Shirley, Edward, the Black Prince (1640).

Mariana, the young lady that Lovegold, the miser, wished to marry. As Mariana was in love with the miser’s son, Frederick, she pretended to be extravagant and deeply in debt, which so affected the old hunks, that he gave her £2000 to be let off the bargain. Of course she assented and married Frederick.—H. Fielding, The Miser.

Mariana, the daughter of a Swiss burgher, “the most beautiful of women.” “Her gentleness a smile without a smile, a sweetness of look, speech, act.” Leonardo being crushed by an avalanche, she nursed him through his illness, and they fell in love with each other. He started for Mantua, but was detained for two years captive by a gang of thieves; and Mariana followed him, being unable to support life where he was not. In Mantua, Count Florio fell in love with her, and obtained her guardian’s consent to their union; but Mariana refused, was summoned before the duke (Ferrado), and judgment was given against her. Leonardo, being present at the trial, now threw off his disguise, and was acknowledged to be the real duke. He assumed his rank, married Mariana; but being called to the camp, left Ferrado regent. Ferrado, being a villain, laid a cunning scheme to prove Mariana guilty of adultery with Julian St. Pierre, a countryman; but Leonardo refused to believe the charge. Julian, who turned out to be Mariana’s brother, exposed the whole plot of Ferrado, and amply cleared his sister of the slightest taint or thought of a revolt.—S. Knowles, The Wife (1833).

Mariana, daughter of the king of Thessaly. She was beloved by Sir Alexander, one of the three sons of St. George, the patron saint of England. Sir Alexander married her, and became king of Thessaly.—R. Johnson, The Seven Champions of Christendom, iii. 2, 3, 11 (1617).

Mariana in the Moated Grange, a young damsel who sits in the moated grange, looking out for her lover, who never comes; and the burden of her life-song is, My life is dreary, for he cometh not; I am aweary, and would that I were dead.

The sequel is called Mariana in the South, in which the love-lorn maiden looks forward to her death, when she will cease to be alone, to live forgotten, and to love forlorn.—Tennyson, Mariana (in two parts).

⁂ Mariana, the lady betrothed to Angelo, passed her sorrowful hours “at the Moated Grange.” Thus the duke says to Isabella:

Haste you speedily to Angelo ... I will presently to St. Luke’s. There, at the moated grange, resides the dejected Mariana.—Shakespeare. Measure for Measure, act iii. sc. 1 (1603).

Marianne (3 syl.), a statuette to which the red republicans of France pay homage. It symbolizes the republic, and is arrayed in a red Phrygian cap. This statuette is sold at earthenware shops, and in republican clubs, enthroned in glory, and sometimes it is carried in procession to the tune of the Marseillaise. (See Mary Anne.)

The reason seems to be this: Ravaillac, the assassin of Henri IV. (the Harmodius or Aristogīton of France), was honored by the red republicans as “patriot, deliverer, and martyr.” This regicide was incited to his deed of blood by reading the celebrated treatise De Rege et Regio Institutione, by Mariana the Jesuit, published 1599 (about ten years previously). As Mariana inspired Ravaillac “to deliver France from her tyrant” (Henri IV.), the name was attached to the statuette of liberty, and the republican party generally.

The association of the name with the guillotine favors this suggestion.

Marianne (3 syl.), the heroine of a French novel so called by Marivaux (1688-1763).

(This novel terminates abruptly, with a conclusion like that of Zadig, “where nothing is concluded.”)

Marianne [Franval], sister of Franval the advocate. She is a beautiful, loving, gentle creature, full of the deeds of kindness, and brimming over with charity. Marianne loves Captain St. Alme, a merchant’s son, and though her mother opposes the match as beneath the rank of the family, the advocate pleads for his sister, and the lovers are duly betrothed to each other.—T. Holcroft, The Deaf and Dumb (1785).

Marie Antoinette. Beautiful Austrian Queen of Louis XVI. of France. Dethroned and guillotined in the French Revolution of 1793.

Marie (Countess), the mother of Ul´rica (a love-daughter), the father of Ulrica being Ernest de Fridberg, “the prisoner of State.” Marie married Count D’Osborn, on condition of his obtaining the acquittal of her lover, Ernest de Fridberg; but the count broke his promise, and even attempted to get the prisoner smothered in his dungeon. His villainy being made known, the king ordered him to be executed, and Ernest, being set at liberty, duly married the Countess Marie.—E. Stirling, The Prisoner of State (1847).

Marie de Brabant, daughter of Henri III, duc de Brabant. She married Philippe le Hardi, king of France, and was accused by Labrosse of having poisoned Philippe’s son by his former wife. Jean de Brabant defended the queen’s innocence by combat, and being the victor, Labrosse was hung (1260-1321).

Ancelot has made this the subject of an historical poem called Marie de Brabant, in six chants (1825).

Marie Kirikitoun, a witch who promised to do a certain task for a lassie, in order that she might win a husband, provided the lassie either remembered the witch’s name for a year and a day, or submitted to any punishment she might choose to inflict. The lassie was married, and forgot the witch’s name; but the fay was heard singing, “Houpa, houpa, Marie Kirikitoun! Nobody will remember my name,” The lassie, being able to tell the witch’s name, was no more troubled.—Basque Legend.

Grimm has a similar tale, but the name is Rumpel-stilzchen, and the song was:

Marie Rogret (The Mystery of). The mysterious murder of a grisette in New York City supplied material for The Mystery of Marie Roget, in which Poe, with marvellous skill, “works up a case” which subsequent events proved to have been the correct theory of the murder in all its details.—Edgar Allan Poe, The Mystery of Marie Roget (1842).

Mariette.

Mari´na, daughter of Per´iclês, prince of Tyre, born at sea, where her mother, Thais´a, as it was supposed, died in giving her birth. Prince Periclês entrusted the infant to Cleon (governor of Tarsus) and his wife, Dionys´ia, who brought her up excellently well, and she became most highly accomplished; but when grown to budding womanhood, Dionysia, out of jealousy, employed Le´onine (3 syl.) to murder her. Leonine took Marina to the coast with this intent, but the outcast was seized by pirates, and sold at Metali´nê as a slave. Here Periclês landed on his voyage from Tarsus to Tyre, and Marina was introduced to him to chase away his melancholy. She told him the story of her life, and he perceived at once that she was his daughter. Marina was now betrothed to Lysimachus, governor of Metalinê; but, before the espousals, went to visit the shrine of Diana of Ephesus, to return thanks to the goddess, and the priestess was discovered to be Thaisa, the mother of Marina.—Shakespeare, Pericles, Prince of Tyre (1608).

Marina, wife of Jacopo Fos´cari, the doge’s son.—Byron, The Two Foscari (1820).

Marinda or Maridah, the fair concubine of Haroun-al-Raschid.

Marine (The Female), Hannah Snell, of Worcester. She was present at the attack of Pondicherry. Ultimately she left the service, and opened a public-house in Wapping (London), but still retained her male attire (born 1723).

Mari´nel, the beloved of Florimel, “the Fair.” Marinel was the son of black-browed Cym´oent (daughter of Nereus and Dumarin), and allowed no one to pass by the rocky cave where he lived without doing battle with him. When Marinel forbade Britomart to pass, she replied, “I mean not thee entreat to pass;” and with her spear knocked him “grovelling on the ground.” His mother, with the sea-nymphs, came to him; and the “lily-handed Liagore,” who knew leechcraft, feeling his pulse, said life was not extinct. So he was carried to his mother’s bower, “deep in the bottom of the sea,” where Tryphon (the sea-gods’ physician), soon restored him to perfect health. One day, Proteus asked Marinel and his mother to a banquet, and while the young man was sauntering about, he heard a female voice lamenting her hard lot, and saying her hardships were brought about for her love to Marinel. The young man discovered that the person was Florimel, who had been shut up in a dungeon by Proteus for rejecting his suit; so he got a warrant of release from Neptune, and married her.—Spenser, Faëry Queen, iii. 8; iv. 11, 12 (1590, 1596).

Mari´ni (J.B.), called Le cavalier Marin, born at Naples. He was a poet, and is known by his poem called Adonis or L’Adone, in twenty cantos (1623). The poem is noted for its description of the “Garden of Venus.”

If the reader will ... read over Ariosto’s picture of the garden of paradise, Tasso’s garden of Armi´da, and Marini’s garden of Venus, he will be persuaded that Milton imitates their manner, but ... excels the originals.—Thyer.

Mari´no Falie´ro, the forty-ninth doge of Venice, elected 1354. A patrician named Michel Steno, having behaved indecently to some of the ladies at a great civic banquet given by the doge, was turned out of the house by order of the duke. In revenge, the young man wrote a scurrilous libel against the dogaressa, which he fastened to the doge’s chair of state. The insult being referred to “the Forty,” Steno was condemned to imprisonment for a month. This punishment was thought by the doge to be so inadequate to the offence that he joined a conspiracy to overthrow the republic. The conspiracy was betrayed by Bertram, one of the members, and the doge was beheaded on the “Giant’s Staircase.”—Byron, Marino Faliero (1819).

⁂ Casimir Delavigne, in 1829, brought out a tragedy on the same subject, and with the same title.

Marion de Lorme, in whose house the conspirators met. She betrayed all their movements and designs to Richelieu.—Lord Lytton, Richelieu (1839).

Marion Halcomb, courageous half-sister of Laura Fairly, admired by Count Fosco, and hated by her brother-in-law, Percival Glyde. Through Marion’s acuteness and devotion Laura is rescued from an insane asylum, her persecutors exposed, and herself cared for tenderly until her recovery to health and marriage to Walter Hartright.—Wilkie Collins, The Woman in White.

Maritor´nes (4 syl.), an Asturian chamber-maid at the Crescent Moon tavern, to which Don Quixote was taken by his squire after their drubbing by the goat-herds. The crazy knight insisted that the tavern was a castle, and that Maritornes, “the lord’s daughter,” was in love with him.

She was broad-faced, flat-nosed, blind of one eye, and had a most delightful squint with the other; the peculiar gentility of her shape, however, compensated for every defect, she being about three feet in height, and remarkably hunchbacked.—Cervantes, Don Quixote, I. iii. 2 (1605).

Marius (Caïus), the Roman general, tribune of the people, B.C. 119; the rival of Sylla.

Antony Vincent Arnault wrote a tragedy in French entitled Marius à Minturnes (1791). Thomas Lodge, M.D., in 1594, wrote a drama called Wounds of Civil War, lively set forth in the True Tragedies of Marius and Sylla.

Mar´ivaux (Pierre de Chamblain de), a French writer of comedies and romances (1678-1763).

S. Richardson is called “The English Marivaux” (1689-1761).

Marjory of Douglas, daughter of Archibald, earl of Douglas, and duchess of Rothsay.—Sir W. Scott, Fair Maid of Perth (time, Henry IV.).

Mark (Sir), king of Cornwall, who held his court at Tintag´il. He was a wily, treacherous coward, hated and despised by all true knights. One day, Sir Dinadan, in jest, told him that Sir Launcelot might be recognized by “his shield, which was silver with a black rim.” This was, in fact, the cognizance of Sir Mordred; but, to carry out the joke, Sir Mordred lent it to Dagonet, King Arthur’s fool. Then, mounting the jester on a large horse, and placing a huge spear in his hand, the knights sent him to offer battle to King Mark. When Dagonet beheld the coward king, he cried aloud, “Keep thee, sir knight, for I will slay thee!” King Mark, thinking it to be Sir Launcelot, spurred his horse to flight. The fool gave chase, rating King Mark “as a wood man [madman].” All the knights who beheld it roared at the jest, told King Arthur, and the forest rang with their laughter. The wife of King Mark was Isond (Ysolde) the Fair of Ireland, whose love for Sir Tristram was a public scandal.—Sir T. Malory, History of Prince Arthur, ii. 96, 97 (1470).