Mr. Edmunds. They were precisely the same.
Mr. Sumner. Very well,—so much the better; and the Senator knows that there is a phrase handed down to us from English courts by which we are reminded constantly of the “witness-box” and the “jury-box.” So closely were they together that they come under a common nomenclature. Now I insist that they shall come under a common safeguard. We have already provided that there shall be no exclusion in testimony on account of color: we must also provide that there shall be no exclusion from the jury on account of color; and until that provision is made by supreme national law, not to be set aside, justice is not fully done.
But, Sir, I had no intention to discuss the character of this bill; and I have only been led into it by the allusion of the Senator, who, holding the bill in his hand, signalizes that section as open to criticism. Let him proceed with his criticism. But then I hope for better things. I hope my friend, instead of criticism, will give us that generous support which so well becomes him. He sees full well, that, until this great question is completely settled, the results of the war are not all secured, nor is this delicate and sensitive subject banished from these Halls. Sir, my desire, the darling desire, if I may say so, of my soul, at this moment, is to close forever this great question, so that it shall never again intrude into these Chambers,—so that hereafter in all our legislation there shall be no such words as “black” or “white,” but that we shall speak only of citizens and of men. Is not that an aspiration worthy of a Senator? Is such an aspiration any ground for taunt from the Senator of Vermont? Will he not, too, join in the aspiration and the endeavor to bring about that beneficent triumph? Let this be omitted now, let any part of this bill be dropped out now, and you leave the question for another Congress, to be pursued by other petitions, to be pressed by other Senators and Representatives; for, so long as injustice remains without redress, so long will there be men to petition, and so long, I trust, will there be Senators and Representatives to demand a remedy. I ask for all now.
At length, on the representation of Mr. Frelinghuysen, of New Jersey, that, “by acquiescing with the other friends of the measure in its reference to the Committee on the Judiciary, the Senator from Massachusetts has it in his power to take from every opponent of the bill any apology, reason, or excuse for opposing it,” followed by the declaration, “I think we can give the Senator the assurance that a fortnight will not pass without the bill being reported,”—
Mr. Sumner inquiring,—“The Senator is a member of the Judiciary Committee, I believe?”
Mr. Frelinghuysen. Yes, Sir.
Mr. Sumner. I accept his assurance and consent to the reference.
Mr. Edmunds, Chairman of the Committee, demurring to the proposed agreement to report the bill within two weeks, suggested as a substitute, “its consideration with the promptness that the business of the Committee will allow,” which Mr. Frelinghuysen pronouncing “equally satisfactory,” it was tacitly so settled,—Mr. Howe, of Wisconsin, thereupon observing, “I think the assurances we have from the Senator from New Jersey and the Senator from Vermont are a sufficient guaranty that the bill will get back here in good season.”
Mr. Sumner. And in good condition. (Laughter.)
Mr. Edmunds. Much better than it is now. (Laughter.)
Mr. Morton of Indiana subsequently remarking,—
I do not myself feel that there is any great importance in referring this bill to a committee, for the reason that the question has been so long before the Senate and has been so amply discussed. But still that is the usage of the Senate; we do that with regard to all bills unless under some very strong emergency; and if the Senator had consented in the first place to the reference of the bill, we should have had it back long ago. So, I think, he has nobody to blame but himself that this bill is not now before the Senate to be acted upon. But I may be allowed to express the hope, and I have no reason to doubt that it will be gratified, that the Judiciary Committee will promptly examine this bill, and report back a Civil-Rights Bill upon which the Senate can take action before long. I think that ought to be done for very many considerations,—
Mr. Sumner replied:—
Mr. President,—I should not say another word, except for the ardor with which my friend from Indiana comes forward to throw a little blame on me. He thinks, that, if I had consented to an earlier reference of this bill, it would now be in order before the Senate; but he says that in a case of strong emergency bills are not referred to committees. Now I ask the Senator from Indiana if this is not a case of strong emergency? The bill has been pending nearly four solid years, during all which time a portion of our fellow-citizens, counted by the million, have been exposed to indignity; and because I tried to speed the result, hoping to bring the Senate to a generous conclusion of the whole measure without a reference to the Committee, the Senator from Indiana thus tardily seeks to rebuke me. If I erred at all, it was because I trusted the Senate. I felt, that, with this bill on the Calendar and within reach, it could not hesitate. I was unwilling to see the bill in a committee-room, where the Senate, in a generous moment, could not take it up any day, and, so far as the Senate was concerned, make it the law of the land. I put too much faith in this body, which I ought to know well. I did, Sir, have generous trust. I did believe that at some early day the bill would be considered and adopted. I have been disappointed. More than once I have tried to reach it, I have tried to bring it before the Senate; but you know well the impediments; you know that other important matters have occupied attention, so that I could not, with any reasonable chance of success, seek to press this important measure. That, Sir, is the occasion for delay; and I do not think—I hardly like to make any question with my friend—but I do not think he was generous in the imputation that he sought to throw upon me. Had that Senator, on the first day of the session, or when I made an effort at a later day to bring it up, come forward then to aid me in pressing it on the attention of the Senate,—had he reminded the Senate and the country how many fellow-citizens were shut out from their rights, and that a denial of rights does not allow delay,—had these words come from the Senator at that time, ah! we should have been having no such debate as has occurred to-day. The bill would have been hastened on its way, and a people long enslaved and degraded would be at last lifted to equality.
The question being now put, the bill was referred to the Committee on the Judiciary without objection.
March 11, 1874, Mr. Sumner died.
April 14th his bill was reported back by Mr. Frelinghuysen from the Committee with an amendment in the form of a substitute,—being substantially the original bill taken into a new draught, with a few differences of machinery. In this form, after long and exhaustive debate, it was passed in the Senate, May 22d, by Yeas 29, Nays 16.
In the House, all efforts to take it up were frustrated by the minority, under the rule requiring a two-thirds vote for this purpose, until the closing hours of the succeeding session, March 3, 1875, when a vote was obtained referring it to the Committee on the Judiciary, but too late for action, and the bill fell with the expiration of the Congress.
Meanwhile, however, February 3d, Mr. Butler, of Massachusetts, had reported a bill from this Committee, covering the provisions of the Senate bill, with the exception only of that relating to cemeteries, but with the addition to that on Common Schools of the proviso,—
“That if any State or the proper authorities in any State, having the control of Common Schools or other public institutions of learning aforesaid, shall establish and maintain separate schools and institutions giving equal educational advantages in all respects for different classes of persons entitled to attend such schools and institutions, such schools and institutions shall be a sufficient compliance with the provisions of this section so far as they relate to schools and institutions of learning.”
On proceeding to a vote, the next day, February 14th, the entire clause, embracing Common Schools, public institutions of learning or benevolence, and national agricultural colleges, together with this proviso, was, on motion of Mr. Kellogg, of Connecticut, struck out by Ayes 123, Noes 48,—a call for the Yeas and Nays, which would have brought out the names, being refused. A previous motion by Mr. Cessna, of Pennsylvania, to substitute the full text of the Senate bill for that of the House Committee, now recurring, was defeated by Yeas 114, Nays 148,—and the latter, amended as above stated, was then passed by Yeas 162, Nays 100,—and subsequently, February 27th, in the Senate also, by Yeas 38, Nays 26,—and March 1st received the approval of the Executive.
This bill, entitled “An Act to protect all citizens in their civil and legal rights,”[239] has since stood on the statute book as a finality,—these rights, in the terms of the statute, consisting of “the full and equal enjoyment of the accommodations, advantages, facilities, and privileges of [1st] inns, [2d] public conveyances on land or water, [3d] theatres, and other places of public amusement”; to which another section, rising to a higher plane, adds the declaration [4th] “That no citizen possessing all other qualifications which are or may be prescribed by law shall be disqualified for service as grand or petit juror in any court of the United States, or of any State, on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude,”—with such security to the colored citizens of this inestimable right as may be found in the provision that “any officer or other person, charged with any duty in the selection or summoning of jurors, who shall exclude or fail to summon any citizen for the cause aforesaid, shall, on conviction thereof, be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and be fined not more than five thousand dollars.”
FOOTNOTES
[1] Case of Plau, French Consul-General at New York.
[2] April 30, 1864: A Bill to provide for the greater Efficiency of the Civil-Service of the United States. Congressional Globe, 38th Cong. 1st Sess., p. 1985; also, ante, Vol. XI. p. 278, seqq.
[3] Times, December 31, 1870. Executive Documents, 42d Cong. 2d Sess., H. of R., No. 1, Foreign Relations, p. 368.
[4] James, iii. 17.
[5] Speech, February 14th: Congressional Globe, 42d Cong. 2d Sess., p. 1016.
For the portion of the Speech referred to, setting forth the authorities on this subject, see Appendix (A), pp. 41-44.
[6] Law of Nations, p. 281.
[7] 7 Wheaton, R., 487.
[8] See Appendix (A), pp. 43, 44.
[9] House Reports, 40th Cong. 2d Sess., No. 64, p. 5.
[10] Merchant of Venice, Act iv. Sc. 1.
[11] Letter of Treasurer Spinner to Senator Wilson, February 16, 1872: Congressional Globe, 42d Cong. 2d Sess., p. 1072.
[12] Commentaries on American Law, Vol. I. p. 128.
[13] A Treatise of the Relative Rights and Duties of Belligerent and Neutral Powers, in Maritime Affairs, by Robert Ward, Esq., Barrister at Law, (London, 1801,) p. 166.
[14] Commentaries upon International Law, Vol. III. p. 282.
[15] Ibid., p. 427.
[16] Phases et Causes Célèbres. Tom. II. p. 407.
[17] Speech on the Report of the Foreign Enlistment Bill, April 16, 1823: Hansard’s Parliamentary Debates, N. S., Vol. VIII. col. 1056.
[18] Occasional Productions, pp. 176, 177. See the letter to William H. Trescott upon Public and Diplomatic Subjects.
[19] This dispatch, after remaining unquestioned for more than a month and for several weeks after the date of this speech, was finally contradicted by the French authorities. See Telegram from Minister Washburne to Secretary Fish, March 19, and Note from the French Chargé at Washington, M. de Bellonet, to same, March 30, 1872: Report of Committee on Sale of Ordnance Stores,—Senate Reports, 42d Cong. 2d Sess., No. 183, pp. 524, 604.
[20] Speech of February 14th: Congressional Globe, 42d Cong. 2d Sess., pp. 1008, 1013. This important letter may be found in the Report of the Select Committee on the Sales of Ordnance Stores by the United States Government during the Fiscal Year 1871-72: Senate Reports, 42d Cong. 2d Sess., No. 183.
[21] Ante, p. 12.
[22] Joint Resolution, July 20, 1868: Statutes at Large, Vol. XV. p. 259.
[23] Executive Documents, 42d Cong. 2d Sess., H. of R., No. 1, Part 2, pp. 250, 251.
[24] De l’Esprit des Lois, Liv. III. chs. iii. vi.
[25] Senate Reports, 36th Cong. 1st Sess., No. 278, pp. 140, 253.
[26] Law of Evidence, Part II. ch. xiii.
[27] Ibid., p. 250 (Rex v. Hardy, 24 Howell’s State Trials, 808).
[28] Ibid.
[29] Ante, p. 5.
[30] D’Ewes, Journals of all the Parliaments during the Reign of Queen Elizabeth, p. 629.
[31] Page 146.
[32] Gray’s Debates of the House of Commons, Vol. V. p. 145.
[33] Ibid., Vol. VI. p. 373.
[34] Manual of Parliamentary Practice, Sec. XXVI.
[35] Ibid.
[36] Ibid.
[37] Lex Parl. Amer., pp. 729-30.
[38] Ibid., p. 732.
[39] Lex Parl. Amer., p. 383.
[40] Congressional Globe, 26th Cong. 2d Sess., p. 231. Cushing, Lex Parl. Amer., App. XIV., p. 1009.
[41] Entitled, “The Struggles (Social, Financial, and Political) of Petroleum V. Nasby,”—David Ross Locke, editor of the Toledo [Ohio] Blade, where most of these Letters, one hundred and eighty-eight in number, first appeared, during the period from March 21, 1861, to May 12, 1870.
[42] Fourth Annual Report of the Commissioners of Fairmount Park, pp. 15-16.
[43] Ibid., p. 17.
[44] Works, ed. Sparks, Vol. IX. p. 476.
[45] Duties of Massachusetts at the Present Crisis: Formation of the Republican Party. Ante, Vol. IV. p. 267.
[46] For the text of this passage see ante, Vol. VI. pp. 336-7.
[47] The Federalist, No. XLVII.
[48] Letter to Richard Henry Lee, November 15, 1775: Works, Vol. IV. p. 186.
[49] Defence of the Constitutions of Government of the United States,—Preface: Ibid., p. 296.
[50] Statutes at Large, ed. Hening, Vol. IX. p. 114.
[51] Constitution of Massachusetts, Part I.: Declaration of Rights, Art. XXX.
[52] History of Civilization in England, (London, 1868,) Vol. I. pp. 199, 200.
[53] Ibid., p. 200.
[54] Ibid., p. 201.
[55] Ibid.
[56] Sir H. L. Bulwer, Historical Characters, (4th edit.,) Vol. II. p. 331.
[57] Speech at Great Falls, N. H., February 24, 1872, pp. 6, 7.
[58] June 6th, Mr. Sumner reiterated in debate, with much emphasis, his statement of Mr. Stanton’s expressed opinion of the President, and added the testimony of a letter of Horace White, editor of the Chicago Tribune.—See Congressional Globe, 42d Cong. 2d Sess., p. 4283.
[59] Letter to Benjamin Adams, April 22, 1799: Works, Vol. VIII. p. 636.
[60] Letter to George Jefferson, March 27, 1801: Writings, Vol. IV. p. 388.
[61] Nipotismo di Roma, Parte I. p. 34.
[62] Ibid., pp. 41, 60.
[63] Nipotismo di Roma, Parte I. p. 60.
[64] Dictionnaire Universel d’Histoire et de Géographie.
[65] Appleton’s New American Cyclopædia.
[66] Nipotismo di Roma, Parte I. p. 68.
[67] Ibid., p. 89.
[68] Nipotismo di Roma, Parte I., p. 80.
[69] Ibid., pp. 82, 83; Parte II. p. 17.
[70] Nipotismo di Roma, Parte I. pp. 99-100.
[71] Ibid., p. 94.
[72] Ibid., Parte II. p. 132.
[73] Nipotismo di Roma, Parte I. p. 114.
[74] Ibid., Parte II. p. 162.
[75] Ibid., pp. 167-68.
[76] Ibid., Parte I. p. 103.
[77] Ibid., pp. 94, 95.
[78] Ibid., p. 94.
[79] Nipotismo di Roma, Parte I. pp. 179-80.
[80] Ibid., pp. 92-93.
[81] Ibid., Parte II. p. 132.
[82] Ibid., p. 75.
[83] Ibid., p. 142.
[84] Nipotismo di Roma, Parte II. p. 145.
[85] Ibid., p. 152.
[86] Ibid., p. 11.
[87] Ibid., p. 18.
[88] Irving’s Life of Washington, Vol. V. p. 22. See also the writings of Washington, ed. Sparks, Vol. IX. p. 479, note.
[89] Letter to Benjamin Harrison, March 9, 1789: Writings, ed. Sparks, Vol. IX. p. 476.
[90] Washington to Adams, February 20, 1797: Works of John Adams, Vol. VIII. p. 530.
[91] Letter to Madison, March 23, 1813.
[92] Letter to George Jefferson, March 27, 1801: Writings, Vol. IV. p. 388.
[93] Letter to J. Garland Jefferson, January 25, 1810: Writings, Vol. V. p. 498.
[94] Works of John Adams, Vol. IX. p. 63.
[95] Ante, p. 103.
[96] Works of John Adams, Vol. VIII. pp. 529-30, note.
[97] Historic Americans, p. 211.
[98] Letter to John Jebb, August 21, 1785: Works, Vol. IX. p. 535.
[99] Letter to Edward Cole, August 29, 1834: Letters and other Writings, Vol. IV. p. 357.
[100] Memoirs, by Thomas Bartlett, (London, 1839,) p. 200.
[101] Deuteronomy, xvi. 19.
[102] Plutarch’s Lives,—Cleomenes, ed. Clough: Vol. IV. p. 479.
[103] “Timeo Danaos et dona ferentes.”—Virgil, Æneid. Lib. II. 49.
[104] Life and Times of Henry Lord Brougham, London, 1870, Vol. II. pp. 29-32.
[105] Letter of Benjamin Harrison, January 6, 1785: Washington’s Writings, ed. Sparks, Vol. IX. p. 83.
[106] Life of Washington, Vol. IV. p. 448.
[107] Letter to Harrison, January 22, 1785: Writings, ed. Sparks, Vol. IX. p. 85.
[108] September 26, 1785: Ibid., p. 133.
[109] Forney’s Anecdotes of Public Men, p. 240.
[110] Guizot, Histoire de France, Tom. I. p. 519.
[111] See Memoirs, Vol. III. p. 528.
[112] King Henry VI., Third Part, Act V. Sc. 1.
[113] Timon of Athens, Act I. Sc. 1.
[114] Writings, ed. Sparks, Vol. XII. p. 1.
[115] Writings, Vol. VIII. p. 1.
[116] Congressional Globe, 41st Cong. 1st Sess., p. 1.
[117] Sir H. L. Bulwer, Historic Characters, Vol. II. p. 324.
[118] Boswell’s Life of Johnson, ed. Croker, April, 1781.
[119] Act of September 2, 1789, Section 8: Statutes at Large, Vol. I. p. 67.
[120] Congressional Globe, 41st Cong. 1st Sess., p. 22.
[121] Congressional Globe, 41st Cong. 1st Sess., p. 22.
[122] Ibid., p. 34.
[123] Daily Morning Chronicle, March 16, 1869.
[124] Writings, Vol. VIII. p. 4.
[125] Act of July 23, 1866: Statutes at Large, Vol. XIV. pp. 206-7.
[126] Statutes at Large, Vol. XV. p. 96.
[127] Statutes at Large, Vol. XII. p. 736.
[128] Ibid., Vol. XIV. p. 174.
[129] Ibid., p. 336.
[130] Ibid., Vol. XVI. p. 320.
[131] Statutes at Large, Vol. V. p. 260.
[132] Ibid., Vol. XV. p. 58.
[133] Ibid., Vol. XVI. p. 319.
[134] General Orders, No. 10.
[135] General Orders, No. 11.
[136] Ibid., No. 12.
[137] Ibid., No. 28.
[138] Congressional Globe, 40th Cong. 3d Sess., p. 754, Feb. 1, 1869.
[139] General Orders, No. 49.
[140] Statutes at Large, Vol. IV. p. 736.
[141] Ante, p. 135.
[142] Executive Documents, 41st Cong. 3d Sess., H. of R., No. 1, Part 2, p. 37.
[143] Executive Documents, 41st Cong. 3d Sess., H. of R., No. 1, Part 2, p. 4.
[144] Inaugural Address, March 4, 1869: Congressional Globe, 41st Cong. 1st Sess., p. 1.
[145] Daily Morning Chronicle, March 17, 1869.
[146] New York Custom-House Investigation,—Testimony of Gen. G. W. Palmer: Senate Reports, 42d Cong. 2d Sess., No. 227, Vol. III. p. 581.
[147] Testimony of William Atkinson: Ibid., p. 626.
[148] Private letter to Mr. Sumner, quoted in Speech of March 27, 1871: Ante, Vol. XIX. p. 32.
[149] Executive Documents, 41st Cong. 3d Sess., Senate, No. 17, p. 79; No. 45, p. 3. Senate Reports, 41st Cong. 2d Sess., No. 234, pp. 38, 39.
[150] Senate Reports, 41st Cong. 2d Sess., No. 234, p. 188.
[151] Executive Documents, 41st Cong. 3d Sess., Senate, No. 17., pp. 80-82.
[152] Same, No. 34, p. 9.
[153] Congressional Globe, 41st Cong. 3d Sess., pp. 6, 7.
[154] Message, April 5, 1871: Cong. Globe, 42d Congr. 1st Sess., pp. 469-70.
[155] See Letter to Hon. Andrew D. White, post, p. 205.
[156] Titus Andronicus, Act I. Sc. 2.
[157] Cymbeline, Act III. Sc. 4.
[158] “Le roi de France ne venge pas les injures du duc d’Orléans.” Louis XII.—Fournier, L’Esprit dans l’Histoire, (Paris, 1860,) p. 121.
[159] Raoul de Caën, Faits et Gestes du Prince Tancrède: Guizot, Mémoires relatifs à l’Histoire de France, Tom. XXIII. p. 6.
[160] Third Satire of Juvenal, 454-55, 468-69: Dryden’s Works, ed. Scott, Vol. XIII. p. 146.
[161] Gifford, (2d edit., London, 1806,) 407-10.
Godefroy de Paris, Chronique Métrique, 8047-50.
[163] “Selon le droit de nature chacun doit naître franc.”—Ord. 3 Juillet, 1315: Ordonances des Roys de France de la troisième Race, Tom. I. p. 583. Sismondi, Histoire des Français, Tom. IX. pp. 321-22.
[164] Annual Message, 21st Cong. 2d Sess., December 7, 1830.
[165] Speech at the Dayton Convention, September 10, 1840: Niles’s Register, Vol. LIX. p. 70.
[166] Speech at Taylorsville, Hanover County, Va., June 27, 1840: Works, Vol. VI. p. 421.
[167] Speech in the Senate, February 20, 1866: Congressional Globe, 39th Cong. 1st Sess., p. 932.
[168] New York Custom-House Investigation,—Testimony of Gen. G. W. Palmer: Senate Reports, 42d Cong. 2d Sess., No. 227, Vol. III., pp. 581, 582.
[169] Hansard, Parliamentary History, Vol. XXI. col. 247, 267,—April 6, 1780.
[170] Hansard, Parliamentary History, Vol. XXI., col. 247.
[171] Daily Morning Chronicle, May 10, 1872.
[172] Josiah Quincy, Speech in the House of Representatives, January 30, 1811: Annals of Congress, 11th Cong. 3d Sess., col. 851.
[173] Livy, XXXVIII. 51.
[174] General Henry Lee, Oration before the Two Houses of Congress on the Death of Washington, December 26, 1799: Annals of Congress, 6th Cong., App., col. 1310.
[175] Daily Morning Chronicle, May 10, 1872.
[176] Speech at the Republican State Convention in Worcester, September 14, 1865. Ante, Vol. XII. p. 339.
[177] See Speech entitled “Republicanism vs. Grantism,”—ante, pp. 83-171.
[178] Vol. IV. p. 121.
[179] Proverbs, xxix. 4.
[180] Documents relative to the Colonial History of New York, ed. O’Callaghan, Vol. IV. p. 1040.
[181] Self-Help, (Boston, 1860,) pp. 391-92.
[182] Pearce, Memoirs and Correspondence, (London, 1846,) Vol. III. pp. 424-25.
[183] Annual Message, 21st Cong. 2d Sess., December 7, 1830.
[184] Speech at the Dayton Convention, September 10, 1840: Niles’s Register, Vol. LIX. p. 70.
[185] Speech at Taylorsville, Hanover County, Va., June 27, 1840: Works, Vol. VI. p. 421.
[186] Speech in the Senate, February 20, 1866: Congressional Globe, 39th Cong. 1st Sess., p. 932.
[187] June 3, 1869.
[188] July 14, 1869.
[189] Democracy in America, ed. Bowen, (Cambridge, 1863,) Ch. VIII. Vol. I. pp. 172-73.
[190] Letter to Madison, March 15, 1789: Writings, Vol. III. p. 5.
[191] New York Custom-House Investigation: Senate Reports, 42d Cong. 2d Sess. No. 227, Vol. III. pp. 582, 626.
[192] See Report on Affairs in Louisiana: House Reports, 42d Cong. 2d Sess. No. 92.
[193] House Reports, 40th Cong. 1st Sess., No. 7, p. 41.
[194] Ibid., as there condensed from the original: Two Treatises on Government, Book II. § 222.
[195] American Annual Cyclopædia, 1872, p. 778.
[196] Speech of Mr. Sawyer, of South Carolina, on the Supplementary Civil Rights Bill as an Amendment to the Amnesty Bill: Congressional Globe, 42d Cong. 2d Sess., p. 490.
[197] Dante, De Monarchia, Lib. I. cap. 4.
[198] Ovid, Metamorphoses, ed. Garth, Book VII.: The Dragon’s Teeth transformed to Men, vv. 31-34.
[199] Ante, Vol. VII. p. 268.
[200] Ante, Vol. VII. p. 351.
[201] Congressional Globe, 37th Cong. 2d Sess., p. 1982.
[202] Ante, Vol. VIII. p. 361. Congressional Globe, ut supra, p. 2010.
[203] Congressional Globe, ut supra, p. 2083.
[204] Ante, Vol. IX. pp. 70, 73, 74, and note. Congressional Globe, ut supra, pp. 2195, 2196.
[205] Ante, Vol. IX. p. 146. Congressional Globe, ut supra, p. 2965.
[206] Ibid., p. 208.
[207] Ante, Vol. XI. p. 320. Congressional Globe, 38th Cong. 1st Sess., p. 2800.
[208] Ante, Vol. XII. p. 76. Congressional Globe, 38th Cong. 2d Sess., p. 381.
[209] Ibid., p. 331. Congressional Globe, ut supra, p. 1091.
[210] Ante, Vol. XII. p. 203. Congressional Globe, ut supra, p. 1126.
[211] Ibid.
[212] Ante, Vol. XII. pp. 291, 292.
[213] Ibid., p. 471.
[214] Ibid., p. 492.
[215] Ante, Vol. XIV. p. 204.
[216] Ante, Vol. XII. pp. 406-7.
[217] Ante, Vol. XIII. pp. 228-29. Congressional Globe, 39th Cong. 1st Sess., p. 686.
[218] Ante, Vol. XIV. p. 185.
[219] Ante, Vol. XIV. pp. 185-6.
[220] Ibid., pp. 146, 158-59, 163. Congressional Globe, 40th Cong. 1st Sess., pp. 165, 167, 170.
[221] Ante, Vol. XV. p. 208. Congressional Globe, ut supra, p. 625.
[222] Ante, Vol. XVI. p. 64.
[223] Ante, Vol. XVII. pp. 115-16.
[224] American Annual Cyclopædia, 1872, p. 778.
[225] Ibid., p. 782.
[226] “Nec Deus intersit, nisi dignus vindice nodus inciderit.”—Horat., De Arte Poetica, 191-92.
[227] Anecdotes of the late Samuel Johnson, LL.D., during the last Twenty Years of his Life, by Hesther Lynch Piozzi, (London, Cadell, 1786,) p. 83.
[228] “Cari sunt parentes, cari liberi, propinqui, familiares; sed omnes omnium caritates patria una complexa est.”—Cicero, De Officiis, Lib. I. cap. 17.
[229] Dr. William Drennan’s Hymn,
[230] For this bill, see, ante, Vol. XIX. pp. 213, 214.
[231] Bradford’s History of Plymouth Plantation, ed. Deane, p. 90.
[232] Winslow’s Brief Narration: Young, Chronicles of the Pilgrim Fathers, (2d ed.) p. 397.
[233] Prince, Chronological History of New England, (ed. 1826,) p. 160. Bradford, pp. 57, 72.
[234] Prince, p. 237. “With much adooe (and spent a good deal of it in expences)”: Bradford, p. 204.
[235] Bradford, p. 211. Prince, p. 242.
[236] Neal, History of the Puritans, (London, 1733,) Vol. II. p. 20.
[237] Galatians, v. 9.
[238] Milton, Sonnet XII.
[239] Statutes at Large, Vol. XVIII. Part 3, pp. 335-36.