The Project Gutenberg eBook of Chats on Old Furniture: A Practical Guide for Collectors
Title: Chats on Old Furniture: A Practical Guide for Collectors
Author: Arthur Hayden
Release date: January 8, 2011 [eBook #34877]
Language: English
Credits: Produced by Delphine Lettau, Susan Skinner and the Online
Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
CHATS ON
OLD FURNITURE
CHATS ON OLD FURNITURE
Press Notices, First Edition.
"Mr. Hayden knows his subject intimately."—Pall Mall Gazette.
"The hints to collectors are the best and clearest we have seen; so that altogether this is a model book of its kind."—Athenæum.
"A useful and instructive volume."—Spectator.
"An abundance of illustrations completes a well-written and well-constructed history."—Daily News.
"Mr. Hayden's taste is sound and his knowledge thorough."—Scotsman.
"A book of more than usual comprehensiveness and more than usual merit."—Vanity Fair.
"Mr. Hayden has worked at his subject on systematic lines, and has made his book what it purports to be—a practical guide for the collector."—Saturday Review.
CHATS ON OLD CHINA
BY THE SAME AUTHOR.
Second Edition.
Price 5s. net.
With Coloured Frontispiece and Reproductions of 156 Marks and 89 Specimens of China.
A List of SALE PRICES and a full INDEX increase the usefulness of the Volume.
This is a handy book of reference to enable Amateur Collectors to distinguish between the productions of the various factories.
Press Notices, First Edition.
"A handsome handbook that the amateur in doubt will find useful, and the china-lover will enjoy for its illustrations, and for the author's obvious love and understanding of his subject."—St. James's Gazette.
"All lovers of china will find much entertainment in this volume."—Daily News.
"It gives in a few pithy chapters just what the beginner wants to know about the principal varieties of English ware. We can warmly commend the book to the china collector."—Pall Mall Gazette.
"One of the best points about the book is the clear way in which the characteristics of each factory are noted down separately, so that the veriest tyro ought to be able to judge for himself if he has a piece or pieces which would come under this heading, and the marks are very accurately given."—Queen.
IN PREPARATION.
CHATS ON OLD PRINTS
Price 5s. net.
Illustrated with Coloured Frontispiece and 70 Full-page Reproductions from Engravings.
With GLOSSARY of Technical Terms, BIBLIOGRAPHY, full INDEX and TABLE of more than 350 of the principal English and Continental Engravers from the XVIth to the XIXth centuries, together with copious notes as to PRICES and values of old prints.
London: T. FISHER UNWIN, Adelphi Terrace.
Chats on
Old Furniture
A Practical Guide for Collectors
By
Arthur Hayden
Author of
"Chats on English China"
LONDON: T. FISHER UNWIN
1 ADELPHI TERRACE. MCMVI
| First | Edition, | 1905. |
| Second | " | 1906. |
All rights reserved.
PREFACE
This volume has been written to enable those who have a taste for the furniture of a bygone day to arrive at some conclusion as to the essential points of the various styles made in England.
An attempt has been made to give some lucid historical account of the progress and development in the art of making domestic furniture, with especial reference to its evolution in this country.
Inasmuch as many of the finest specimens of old English woodwork and furniture have left the country of their origin and crossed the Atlantic, it is time that the public should awaken to the fact that the heritages of their forefathers are objects of envy to all lovers of art. It is a painful reflection to know that the temptation of money will shortly denude the old farmhouses and manor houses of England of their unappreciated treasures. Before the hand of the despoiler shall have snatched everything within reach, it is the hope of the writer that this little volume may not fall on stony ground, and that the possessors of fine old English furniture may realise their responsibilities.
It has been thought advisable to touch upon French furniture as exemplified in the national collections of such importance as the Jones Bequest at the Victoria and Albert Museum, and the Wallace Collection, to show the influence of foreign art upon our own designers. Similarly, Italian, Spanish, and Dutch furniture, of which many remarkable examples are in private collections in this country, has been dealt with in passing, to enable the reader to estimate the relation of English art to contemporary foreign schools of decoration and design.
The authorities of the Victoria and Albert Museum have willingly extended their assistance in regard to photographs, and by the special permission of the Board of Education the frontispiece and other representative examples in the national collection appear as illustrations to this volume.
I have to acknowledge generous assistance and courteous permission from owners of fine specimens in allowing me facilities for reproducing illustrations of them in this volume.
I am especially indebted to the Right Honourable Sir Spencer Ponsonby-Fane, G.C.B., I.S.O., and to the Rev. Canon Haig Brown, Master of the Charterhouse, for the inclusion of illustrations of furniture of exceptional interest.
The proprietors of the Connoisseur have generously furnished me with lists of prices obtained at auction from their useful monthly publication, Auction Sale Prices, and have allowed the reproduction of illustrations which have appeared in the pages of the Connoisseur.
My thanks are due to Messrs. Hampton, of Pall Mall, for their kind permission to include as illustrations several fine pieces from their collection of antique furniture. I am under a similar obligation to Messrs. Waring, who have kindly allowed me to select some of their typical examples.
To my other friends, without whose kind advice and valuable aid this volume could never have appeared, I tender a grateful and appreciative acknowledgment of my indebtedness.
ARTHUR HAYDEN.
CONTENTS
| PAGE | ||
| PREFACE | 7 | |
| LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS | 13 | |
| BIBLIOGRAPHY | 19 | |
| GLOSSARY OF TERMS USED | 23 | |
| CHAPTER | ||
| I. | THE RENAISSANCE ON THE CONTINENT | 31 |
| II. | THE ENGLISH RENAISSANCE | 57 |
| III. | STUART OR JACOBEAN (SEVENTEENTH CENTURY) | 79 |
| IV. | STUART OR JACOBEAN (LATE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY) | 109 |
| V. | QUEEN ANNE STYLE | 133 |
| VI. | FRENCH FURNITURE. THE PERIOD OF LOUIS XIV. | 155 |
| VII. | FRENCH FURNITURE. THE PERIOD OF LOUIS XV. | 169 |
| VIII. | FRENCH FURNITURE. THE PERIOD OF LOUIS XVI. | 189 |
| IX. | FRENCH FURNITURE. THE FIRST EMPIRE STYLE | 201 |
| X. | CHIPPENDALE AND HIS STYLE | 211 |
| XI. | SHERATON, ADAM, AND HEPPELWHITE STYLES | 239 |
| XII. | HINTS TO COLLECTORS | 257 |
| INDEX | 275 | |
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
| Jacobean Oak Cabinet; decorated with mother-of-pearl, ebony, and ivory. Dated 1653. (By permission of the Board of Education) | Frontispiece |
| Carved Wood Frame; decorated with gold stucco. Sixteenth Century. Italian | Title page |
| Page | |
| Chapter I.—The Renaissance on the Continent. | |
| Portion of Carved Cornice, Italian, Sixteenth Century | 33 |
| Frame of Wood, with female terminal figures, Italian, Sixteenth Century | 35 |
| Front of Coffer, Italian, late Fifteenth Century | 38 |
| Bridal Chest, Gothic design, middle of Fifteenth Century | 39 |
| Front of Oak Chest, French, Fifteenth Century | 44 |
| Walnut Sideboard, French, middle of Sixteenth Century | 45 |
| Cabinet, French (Lyons), second half of Sixteenth Century | 48 |
| Ebony and Ivory Marquetry Cabinet, French, middle of Sixteenth Century | 50 |
| Spanish Cabinet and Stand, carved chestnut, first half of Sixteenth Century | 51 |
| Spanish Chest, carved walnut, Sixteenth Century | 52 |
| Chapter II.—The English Renaissance. | |
| Carved Oak Chest, English, Sixteenth Century | 59 |
| Bench of Oak, French, about 1500 | 60 |
| Portion of Carved Walnut Virginal, Flemish, Sixteenth Century | 61 |
| Carved Oak Coffer, French, showing interlaced ribbon-work | 61 |
| Fireplace and Oak Panelling, "Old Palace," Bromley-by-Bow. Built in 1606 | 64 |
| Elizabethan Bedstead, dated 1593 | 66 |
| Panel of Carved Oak, English, early Sixteenth Century | 68 |
| Mirror, in oak frame, English, dated 1603 | 71 |
| Court Cupboard, carved oak, English, dated 1603 | 73 |
| " " carved oak, early Seventeenth Century | 74 |
| " " about 1580 | 75 |
| Elizabethan Oak Table | 78 |
| Chapter III.—Stuart or Jacobean. Seventeenth Century. | |
| Gate-leg Table | 81 |
| Oak Chair, made from Sir Francis Drake's ship, the Golden Hind | 83 |
| Oak Table, dated 1616, bearing arms of Thomas Sutton | 85 |
| Chair used by James I. | 87 |
| Jacobean Chair, at Knole | 89 |
| Jacobean Stool, at Knole | 90 |
| Carved Walnut Door (upper half), French, showing ribbon-work | 91 |
| Oak Chair, with arms of first Earl of Strafford | 93 |
| Italian Chair, about 1620 | 94 |
| High-back Oak Chair, Early Jacobean, formerly in possession of Charles I. | 95 |
| Jacobean Chairs, various types | 97 |
| Ebony Cabinet, formerly the property of Oliver Cromwell | 99 |
| Jacobean Carved Oak Chairs, Yorkshire and Derbyshire types | 101 |
| Jacobean Oak Cupboard, about 1620 | 101 |
| Jacobean Oak Chairs | 105 |
| Carved Oak Cradle, time of Charles I., dated 1641 | 107 |
| Chapter IV.—Stuart or Jacobean. Late Seventeenth Century. | |
| Interior of Dutch House, latter half of Seventeenth Century | 111 |
| Cabinet of time of Charles II., showing exterior | 112 |
| " " " showing interior | 113 |
| Portuguese High-back Chair | 115 |
| Oak Chest of Drawers, late Jacobean | 117 |
| " " panelled front, late Jacobean | 119 |
| Charles II. Oak Chair | 120 |
| Charles II. Open High-back Oak Chair | 121 |
| Charles II. Chair, cane back and seat | 122 |
| James II. Chair, cane back and seat | 123 |
| William and Mary Chair | 125 |
| Portuguese Chair-back (upper portion), cut leather work | 128 |
| Chapter V.—Queen Anne Style. | |
| Queen Anne Oak Settle | 135 |
| Queen Anne Mirror Frame, carved walnut, gilded | 137 |
| Oak Desk, dated 1696 | 139 |
| Oak Cupboard | 140 |
| Queen Anne Cabinet, burr-walnut panel | 141 |
| Queen Anne Chairs, various types | 143 |
| Dutch Marquetry Cabinet | 147 |
| Queen Anne Clock | 148 |
| Queen Anne Settle, oak, dated 1705 | 149 |
| Old Lac Cabinet | 150 |
| Lac Cabinet, middle of Eighteenth Century | 151 |
| " " showing doors closed | 152 |
| " " chased brass escutcheon | 154 |
| Chapter VI.—French Furniture. The Period of Louis XIV. | |
| Cassette, French, Seventeenth Century | 157 |
| Chair of Period of Louis XIII. | 159 |
| Pedestals, showing boule and counter-boule work | 163 |
| Boule Cabinet, or Armoire | 165 |
| Chapter VII.—French Furniture. Louis XV. | |
| Commode, by Cressent | 171 |
| Commode, formerly in the Hamilton Collection | 173 |
| Commode, by Caffieri | 175 |
| Escritoire à Toilette, formerly in possession of Marie Antoinette | 179 |
| Secrétaire, by Riesener | 181 |
| "Bureau du Roi," the masterpiece of Riesener | 183 |
| Chapter VIII.—French Furniture. Louis XVI. | |
| Jewel Cabinet, "J. H. Riesener," Mounts by Gouthière | 193 |
| Commode, by Riesener | 197 |
| Chapter IX.—French Furniture. The First Empire Style. | |
| Portrait of Madame Récamier, after David | 203 |
| Detail of Tripod Table found at Pompeii | 205 |
| Servante, French, late Eighteenth Century | 206 |
| Jewel Cabinet of the Empress Marie Louise | 207 |
| Armchair, rosewood, showing Empire influence | 210 |
| Chapter X.—Chippendale and his Style. | |
| Table made by Chippendale | 213 |
| Oliver Goldsmith's Chair | 215 |
| Chippendale Settee, walnut, about 1740 | 217 |
| " " oak, about 1740 | 219 |
| Chippendale Chair-back, ribbon pattern | 222 |
| Ribbon-backed Chippendale Chair, formerly at Blenheim | 223 |
| Chippendale Corner Chair, about 1780 | 224 |
| Gothic Chippendale Chair-back | 225 |
| Mahogany Chippendale Chair, about 1740 | 226 |
| " " " about 1770 | 227 |
| Chippendale Mirror | 229 |
| Chippendale Bureau Bookcase | 231 |
| Mahogany Chair, Chippendale Style | 232 |
| Cottage Chairs, beechwood, Chippendale style | 233 |
| Interior of Room of about 1782, after Stothard | 235 |
| Chapter XI.—Sheraton, Adam, and Heppelwhite Styles. | |
| Heppelwhite Settee, mahogany | 241 |
| Sheraton, Adam, and Heppelwhite Chairs | 243 |
| Old English Secrétaire | 250 |
| Shield-back Chair, late Eighteenth Century | 251 |
| Chapter XII.—Hints to Collectors. | |
| Design for Spurious Marquetry Work | 259 |
| "Made-up" Buffet | 261 |
| Cabinet of Old Oak, "made-up" | 267 |
| Design for Spurious Marquetry Work | 273 |
| Piece of Spanish Chestnut, showing ravages of worms | 274 |
BIBLIOGRAPHY
GENERAL.
Ancient Furniture, Specimens of. H. Shaw. Quaritch. 1836. £10 10s., now worth £3 3s.
Ancient and Modern Furniture. B. J. Talbert. Batsford. 1876. 32s.
Antique Furniture, Sketches of. W. S. Ogden. Batsford. 1889. 12s. 6d.
Carved Furniture and Woodwork. M. Marshall. W. H. Allen. 1888. £3.
Carved Oak in Woodwork and Furniture from Ancient Houses. W. B. Sanders. 1883. 31s. 6d.
Decorative Furniture, English and French, of the Sixteenth, Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries. W. H. Hackett. 7s. 6d.
Ecclesiastical Woodwork, Remains of. T. T. Bury. Lockwood. 1847. 21s.
French and English Furniture. E. Singleton. Hodder. 1904.
Furniture, Ancient and Modern. J. W. Small. Batsford. 1883. 21s.
Furniture and Decoration. J. A. Heaton. 1890-92.
Furniture and Woodwork, Ancient and Modern. J. H. Pollen. Chapman. 1874-5. 21s. and 2s. 6d.
Furniture and Woodwork. J. H. Pollen. Stanford. 1876. 3s. 6d.
Furniture of the Olden Time. F. C. Morse. Macmillan. 12s. 6d.
Gothic Furniture, Connoisseur. May, 1903.
History of Furniture Illustrated. F. Litchfield. Truslove. 25s.
Marquetry, Parquetry, Boulle and other Inlay Work. W. Bemrose. 1872 and 1882.
Old Furniture, English and Foreign. A. E. Chancellor. Batsford. £1 5s.
Old Furniture from Twelfth to Eighteenth Century. Wyman. 1883. 10s. 6d.
Style in Furniture and Woodwork. R. Brook. Privately printed. 1889. 21s.
PARTICULAR.
ENGLISH.—Adam R. & J., The Architecture, Decoration and Furniture of R. & J. Adam, selected from works published 1778-1822. London. 1880.
Adam, The Brothers. Connoisseur. May, June and August, 1904.
Ancient Wood and Iron Work in Cambridge. W. B. Redfern. Spalding. 1887. 31s. 6d.
Chippendale, T. Cabinet Makers' Directory. Published in 1754, 1755 and 1762. (The best edition is the last as it contains 200 plates as against 161 in the earlier editions. Its value is about £12.)
Chippendale and His Work. Connoisseur, January, July, August, September, October, November, December, 1903, January, 1904.
Chippendale, Sheraton and Heppelwhite, The Designs of. Arranged by J. M. Bell. 1900. Worth £2 2s.
Chippendale's Contemporaries. Connoisseur, March, 1904.
Chippendale and Sheraton. Connoisseur, May, 1902.
Coffers and Cupboards, Ancient. Fred Roe. Methuen & Co. 1903. £3 3s.
English Furniture, History of. Percy Macquoid. Published by Lawrence & Bullen in 7s. 6d. parts, the first of which appeared in November, 1904.
English Furniture and Woodwork during the Eighteenth Century. T. A. Strange. 12s. 6d.
Furniture of our Forefathers. E. Singleton. Batsford. £3 15s.
Hatfield House, History of. Q. F. Robinson. 1883.
Hardwicke Hall, History of. Q. F. Robinson. 1835.
Heppelwhite, A., Cabinet Maker. Published 1788, 1789, and 1794, and contains about 130 plates. Value £8 to £12. Reprint issued in 1897. Worth £2 10s.
Ince and Mayhew. Household Furniture. N.d. (1770). Worth £20.
Jacobean Furniture. Connoisseur, September, 1902.
Knole House, Its State Rooms, &c. (Elizabethan and other Furniture.) S. J. Mackie. 1858.
Manwaring, R., Cabinet and Chairmaker's Real Friend. London. 1765.
Mansions of England in the Olden Time. J. Nash. 1839-49.
Old English Houses and Furniture. M. B. Adam. Batsford. 1889. 25s.
Old English Oak Furniture. J. W. Hurrell. Batsford. £2 2s.
Old English Furniture. Frederick Fenn and B. Wyllie. Newnes. 7s. 6d. net.
Old Oak, The Art of Collecting. Connoisseur, September, 1901.
Sheraton, T. Cabinet Maker's Drawing Book. 1791-3 edition contains 111 plates. Value £13. 1794 edition contains 119 plates. Value £10.
Sheraton T. Cabinet Directory. 1803.
Staircases and Handrails of the Age of Elizabeth. J. Weale. 1860.
Upholsterer's Repository. Ackermann. N.d. Worth £5.
FRENCH.—Dictionnaire de l'Ameublement. H. Havard. Paris. N.d. Worth £5.
Dictionnaire Raisonné. M. Viollet-le-Duc. 1858-75. 6 vols. Worth £10.
French Furniture. Lady Dilke. Bell. 1901.
French Eighteenth Century Furniture, Handbook to the. Jones Collection Catalogue. 1881.
French Eighteenth Century Furniture, Handbook to the. Wallace Collection Catalogue. 1904.
History of Furniture. A. Jacquemart. Chapman. 1878. 31s. 6d. Issued in Paris in 1876, under the title Histoire du Mobilier.
Le Meuble en France au XVI Siècle. E. Bonnaffe. Paris. 1887. Worth 10s.
JAPANESE.—Lacquer Industry of Japan. Report of Her Majesty's Acting-Consul at Hakodate. J. J. Quin. Parliamentary Paper. 8vo. London. 1882.
SCOTTISH.—Scottish Woodwork of Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries. J. W. Small. Waterston. 1878. £4 4s.
SPANISH.—Spanish and Portuguese. Catalogue of Special Loan Exhibition of Spanish and Portuguese Ornamental Art. 1881.