INDEX
A
- Ablathanabla, 166
- Abracadabra mystery, 164
- Abraxas, mystic word, 165
- Absorbent ethiops, 351
- Abtinas, incense makers, 57
- Acetabulum, ii, 278
- Acetanilide, discovery, ii, 273
- Acetic acid, synthetic, ii, 271. See also Pyroligneous acid
- Acetum Philosophicum, ii, 279
- Achillea milfoil, virtues discovered, 16
- Achilles, medical discoveries, 16
- Acids, how first made, 323
- Acidum causticum, 325
- Acidum Pingue, 325
- (For other acids see specific names.)
- Aconite, discovery, ii, 221;
- as poison, ii, 223
- Acopa, 91; ii, 279; ii, 290
- Adders. See Vipers
- Adept, ii, 279
- Adrenaline, synthetic, ii, 269
- Adrian’s antidote, 288;
- dropsy cure, 299
- Adulteration, early methods of detecting, 210
- Adust, ii, 279
- Advertisement, early, 141
- Ægyptiacum 16; ii, 52
- Aërated cod-liver oil, ii, 167
- Æsculapius, Greek physician, 7;
- portraits, 8;
- death, 8;
- descendants, 10;
- temples, 11, 79
- Æthiops. See Ethiops
- Aetius, medical writer, 215
- Aggregatives, ii, 279
- Ague, cures, 50; ii, 133
- Agyrtoi, 93
- Alabaster, ii, 279
- Albucasis of Cordova, 110, 329
- Album Græcum, ii, 10
- Album Rhasis, ii, 279
- Alchemy, invention, 4.
- See also Chemistry
- Alcohol, constitution, 330;
- formula, ii, 270;
- etymology, 103, 326;
- early references, 328, 329;
- synthesis, 330; ii, 271
- Alcohol of Mars, 327
- Alcohol of sulphur, 327
- Aldehyde, preparation, ii, 271
- Alembic, etymology, ii, 279
- Alembroth salt, 243, 417;
- etymology, ii, 279
- Alexander of Tralles, 216;
- Hiera, ii, 141
- Alexandria library, 88, 98
- Alexandrinus, Nicolas, 219
- Alexipharmic, ii, 279
- Alexiteria, ii, 279
- Alfred the Great, letter to, 114, 131
- Alga nostoch, 375
- Algaroth’s powder, 381
- Algarotti, note on, 381
- Alhandal, ii, 279
- Alkahest, Glauber’s 264; ii, 279
- Alkali, etymology, ii, 280
- Alkalies, early knowledge of, 324;
- Black on, 324
- Alkalised ethiops, 351
- Alkaloids, discovery of, 274; ii, 243;
- synthesis, ii, 265
- Alkekengi, ii, 280
- Alkermes, Arabic derivation, 103
- Al-Koh’l, 326
- Alkool, ii, 280
- Allicola, 360
- All-flower-water, ii, 8
- Almond tree, Biblical reference, 75
- Alœdarium, ii, 280
- Aloes, as pigment, 95;
- tincture, ii, 37;
- elixir, ii, 57;
- notes on, ii, 86;
- picture of, ii, 87; ii, 88;
- books on, ii, 88;
- decoction, ii, 176
- Aloes wood, Biblical references, 63
- Alquimesci oil, 110
- Aludels, ii, 280
- Aluka, 70
- Alum, early uses, 331;
- first factories, 332;
- discovered in Yorkshire, 333;
- composition investigated, 333;
- symbol, ii, 309
- Aluminium, first made, 333
- Amalgam, ii, 280
- Amalgama Jovis, 425
- Amaranth, meaning of, 22
- Ambix, 328
- Ambrosia, identity of, 22
- Ambrosial elixir, 26
- Amen, 6
- Ammon, 6
- Ammonia, made from bones, 263;
- history, 334;
- etymology, 334;
- composition, 337
- Ammoniacum, etymology, 334
- Ammoniated Tincture of Quinine, origin of, ii, 153
- Ammonium acetate solution, 132
- Amphide salts, 326
- Amphora, ii, 280
- Amulets for preventing disease, 162.
- See also Charms
- Anæsthetic, mysterious, ii, 254
- Anæsthetics, discovery, ii, 248
- Analeptica, ii, 280
- Anderson, Dr. P., portrait, ii, 168;
- publication, ii, 168;
- invents pills, ii, 169
- Anderson’s Scots Pills, origin of, ii, 168;
- formulæ, ii, 169
- Andreas, author, 182
- Andromachus’s theriakon, 90; ii, 20; ii, 42
- Anethon in Bible, 71
- Anglicanus’s “Compendium of Medicine,” 132
- Aniline, discovery of, ii, 263
- Animal magnetism, 199
- medicines, 89, 127; ii, 1; ii, 2
- oil, ii, 25
- Animals, mythical, 26
- Aniseed, magical plant, 18
- oil, use of, 247
- Anne, Queen, cures by touch, 301
- Anodyne necklaces, ii, 170
- Anointing oil, 38, 50, 55;
- formula, 59
- Anointment, ii, 280
- Antidotary, meaning, ii, 280
- of Nicolas Prepositus, 116
- of Nicolas Myrepsus, 219
- Antidote, meaning, ii, 281
- Antidotos ex duobus, 215, 310
- Antidotum Acharistos, 220
- Antidotum Adrianum, 288
- Andromachus, 292
- Mithridatum, 289;
- absurdities of, 290;
- Galen on, 292
- Podagrica, 310
- Pythagoras, 18
- Anthony, Francis, panacea of, 391;
- epitaph, 393
- Anthropomorphon, 20
- Antifebrin, discovery, ii, 273
- Anti-hecticum poterii, 425
- Antimony, introduction, 224, 226, 227;
- used by Paracelsus, 243;
- early use in medicine, 376;
- etymology, 377;
- alchemists, researches on, 379;
- compounds of, 227, 378, 380;
- controversy, 383;
- symbol, ii, 309
- Antimony cups, 385
- sulphide, 326, 378, 382
- Antipyrin, discovery, ii, 274
- Antiseptic vinegar, ii, 56
- Apollo, god of medicine, 6;
- portrait, 7;
- banished from Olympia, 8;
- Apollo and Daphne myth, 9, 33
- Apotheca, meaning, 117
- Apothecary, Biblical mention, 50
- Apothecary’s duty defined, 155
- Apothecary, picture of, ii, 81
- in “Romeo and Juliet,” ii, 77
- versions, ii, 78; ii, 79; ii, 80
- Apothecaries’ Jewish Guild, 51
- become physicians, 152
- charges, 149, 150
- curriculum, 122
- during the Plague, 149
- early references, 142
- oath, 122
- Shakespearian references, ii, 70; ii, 71; ii, 77
- Society, arms, 9, 31;
- motto, 10;
- incorporation, 144, 256;
- drug-inspection, ii, 17;
- weights as metaphor, ii, 71.
- See also Chemists and Pharmacists
- Apothek, derivation, 95
- Apoplexy, remedy, 133
- Apozem of Epsom Salts, 345
- Apozems, meaning, ii, 281; ii, 299
- Aqua aluminosa, 346
- ardens, 223, 328
- arthritica, ii, 8
- kali Puri, 325
- Luccana, 339
- Lulliana, 348
- mirabilis, ii, 281
- Omnium Florum, ii, 8
- Phagadænica, 414
- Aqua Sancti Luciæ, 339
- Temperata, 348
- Tufania, ii, 235
- Vitæ, early use, 223, 329;
- Rhazes on, 107;
- Shakespearian reference, ii, 75;
- symbol, ii, 309;
- Hibernorum, ii, 65.
- See also Alcohol
- vini, 329
- Aquetta di Napoli, ii, 235
- Aquila Alba, 419; ii, 281
- Arab pharmacy, 97
- Arabic names in pharmacy, 103
- Arcanum Corallinum, 249
- duplicatum, 355, 371; ii, 281
- meaning of, 249; ii, 281
- Tartari, ii, 281
- Vitrioli, 398
- Arcœus invents elemi ointment, ii, 133
- Areometer, invention, 281
- Arfwedson discovers lithium, 353
- Argentum vivum, 408
- Argile, 333
- Archidoxa Medicinæ of Paracelsus, 390
- Archigenes’s Hiera, ii, 139
- Aristes, medical discoveries, 16
- Arithmetic, invention, 4
- Armoniac, 334
- Arnold of Villa Nova, 329
- Arquebusade water, ii, 56
- Arrow-poisoning, antiquity of, ii, 222
- Arsenic, early use, 108;
- eaten in Styria, ii, 238;
- Marsh’s test, ii, 241;
- symbol, ii, 309
- Assassin, origin of word, ii, 226
- Asclepiades, 79
- Asparagin, isolation of, 275
- Asphalt used in embalming, 359
- Astronomy. See Starcraft
- Athanasia, identity of, 22
- Athanor, ii, 281
- Atropa, sister of the Fates, 24
- Atropine, discovery, ii, 248;
- synthetic, ii, 266
- Attalus cultivates medicinal plants, 288
- Aurum fulminans, 396
- musivum, 424
- Potabile, Anthony’s formula, 392;
- Glauber’s formula, 389, 390, 393;
- other recipes, 394, 395, 396;
- Shakespearian reference, ii, 74
- vitæ, 414
- Avenzoar of Seville, 110
- Averrhoes of Cordova, 110
- Avicenna’s doctrines, 102;
- formulas, 103;
- biography, 108;
- writings, 109;
- portrait, 108;
- influence of, 117;
- introduces silvering pills, 423
B
- Baaras, identity of, 21
- Bacchus, ancient god, 5
- Bacon, Roger, writings, 132;
- on aurum potabile, 390
- Bagdad, foundation of, 100
- Bain-Marie, ii, 282
- Baktischwah, Persian physician, 104
- Balanites Egyptiaca gum, 53
- Balanoi, ii, 299
- Balard, discovers bromine, 273, 339
- Balm, etymology, ii, 281
- Balm of Gilead, 49, 53;
- Galen on, 213;
- in mithridatum, 293; ii, 281
- Balneum Mariæ, ii, 282
- Balsam Arcœi, ii, 133
- Balsam of bats, 257
- etymology, ii, 281
- of sulphur, 360; ii, 58
- Barbadoes tar, 360
- Barbarossa’s mercurial pills, 411
- Barley water, Hippocrates recommends, 87
- Barytes, discovery, 269
- Basilic powder, 420
- Basilicon ointment, origin, ii, 282
- Basilides, note on, 165
- Bateman’s pectoral drops, ii, 163
- Baths, varieties, ii, 282
- Baume du Chevalier de Saint Victor, ii, 136
- du Commandeur de Permes, ii, 136
- de Fioraventi, ii, 173
- Tranquille, ii, 175
- de Vie, ii, 176
- Baumé, French chemist, 281
- Bayen, French pharmacist, 276
- Bdellium, identity of, 62
- Bears’ grease, use of, ii, 12
- Beer, medicinal, ii, 283
- Bell’s “Historical Sketch of the Progress of Pharmacy,” 150, 156
- Belladonna, etymology, 24;
- old names, 25;
- uses, 25
- Belloste’s mercurial pills, 412
- Benjamin, etymology, ii, 269
- Benzoic acid, synthetic, ii, 268
- Benzoyl, discovery, ii, 257
- Berkeley, Bishop, portrait, 315;
- devises tar water, 316;
- publications, 316
- Bernard, Claude, 285
- of Gordon, 135
- Berthelot’s “History of Alchemy,” 114
- Berthollet, French Chemist, 281
- Besen, meaning of, ii, 281
- Bestucheff’s Tincture, 321;
- secret purchased, 322;
- formula, 404
- Betton’s British Oils, 359; ii, 164
- Bezoar Germanosum, ii, 15
- stones, first mention, 111;
- use in medicine, ii, 15;
- source, ii, 15;
- price, ii, 16; ii, 18;
- as charms, ii, 16;
- fallacy of, ii, 18;
- as antidote, ii, 221
- Bezoardic powder, ii, 19
- Bezoards, ii, 282
- Bible, pharmacy in, 46
- drugs mentioned in, 53
- poisons in, ii, 222
- Biblical references, 27, 29, 33, 46, 53; ii, 222
- Biliousness remedies, 161, 167
- Bindo, A., Earl of Rochester’s pseudonym, ii, 204
- Birthwort as remedy, 184
- Bismuth, first mention, 386;
- regarded as poisonous, 387;
- liquor, 388;
- lozenges, 388;
- oxychloride, 387
- Bitter flavours, Jewish objection to, 48, 64
- Bitter Purging Salts, 345
- Bitumen of Judæa, in embalming, 359
- Black, Joseph, on alkalies, 324;
- portrait, 357;
- on alkaline earths, 356
- Black draught, origin of, ii, 121
- drop, invention of, ii, 145
- precipitate, 418
- wash, introduction, 146, 257
- Bladder wort as remedy, 184
- Blanc de fard, 386
- Blatta Byzantina, 57
- Blaud, Dr., French physician, ii, 122
- Blaud’s pills, original formula, ii, 122
- Bleeding, old cure for, 172
- Blindness, cures, 81, 82, 298
- Blisters, introduced, ii, 282
- Blood root as remedy, 184
- Blue vitriol, 373
- Bodega, derivation, 95
- Boils, Biblical remedy, 46, 73;
- cure for, 170
- Bole armeniæ, medical uses, 216
- Bologna sun-stone, 361
- Bolus, meaning of, ii, 282
- Bombast See Paracelsus
- Borax, early use, 108
- Borith, 324
- Botanologoi, 95
- Boulduc, French apothecary, 281
- Boules de Mars, 402
- de Nancy, 402
- Boutique, derivation, 95
- Bovins’s remedy, 374
- Boyle investigates phosphorus, 365
- Boyle’s “Hell,” 417
- Boyveau-Laffecteur’s rob, 415
- Brandt discovers phosphorus, 363
- Brass, 426
- Brass-alum, 427
- “Breviarium Bartholomei,” 135
- Brinvilliers, poisoner, ii, 232
- British oils, 359; ii, 164
- British Pharmacopœia, animal substances in, ii, 4;
- editions, ii, 69
- Brockenden’s compressed drugs, ii, 167
- Bromine, discoverer, 273;
- isolation, 339
- Brongniart, French pharmacist, 276
- Broom, Biblical plant, 65
- Brugnatelli’s Poudre Vermifuge, 426
- Bucklersbury, drug trade centre, 140
- Burchell’s necklaces, ii, 171
- Burghley’s gout preventive, 172
- Bulleyn’s electuarium de Gemmis, ii, 35
- Burnt sponge for scrofula, 353
- Burt’s “Heartburn Tablets,” 388
- Butter of antimony, 380
- Byfield’s sal oleosum volatile, ii, 162
C
- Caffeine, discovery, ii, 247;
- synthesis, ii, 268
- Caius, Dr., ii, 71
- Calamus draconis fruit, 31
- Calatippe, ii, 17
- Calomel, introduction, 146, 257, 418;
- etymology, 419
- Calx Jovis, 425; ii, 283
- Lunæ, ii, 283
- meaning of, ii, 283
- Mercurii, ii, 283
- Saturnii, ii, 283
- Camphor, use in medicine, 109;
- synthetic, ii, 269
- Canterbury bells as remedy, 184
- Cantharides as gout remedy, 216
- Capers, use in East, 74
- Caput mortuum, ii, 283
- Carbonic acid gas, discovered, 259
- Cardinal’s powder, ii, 97
- Carduus Benedictus, Shakespearian reference, ii, 73
- Carminative, etymology, ii, 283
- Spirit of Sylvius, 337
- Cassia, introduction of, 105
- Castor oil, used by Dioscorides, 210;
- notes on, ii, 89;
- picture of plant, ii, 90;
- early uses, ii, 90;
- treatise on, ii, 92;
- etymology, ii, 93.
- See also Ricinus.
- Castorum, early use, 217
- Cat, medicinal use, ii, 13
- Cataplasm, etymology, ii, 283
- Catholica, meaning of, ii, 283
- Caustic potash formulæ, 325
- Caventou discovers quinine, 274.
- See also Pelletier
- Celsus, on Egyptian medicine, 35;
- writings, 90
- Centaurs, fable, 15
- Centaury, etymology, 14;
- figure of, 25
- Ceratum, ii, 127
- de Lapide calaminari, ii, 158
- lithargyri, 400
- Cerates, meaning of, ii, 283
- Cereirsiæ, ii, 283
- Ceruse, ii, 284. See also White lead.
- of antimony, ii, 284
- Chamberlain’s restorative pills, 421
- Chamberlen’s necklaces, ii, 170
- Chamomile, use in medicine, 125
- Chambre ardente enquiry, ii, 236
- Chaptal, French chemist, 281
- Charas, French chemist, 279
- Charms, dragon’s blood as, 32;
- use of, 157, 171.
- See also Talismans
- Charles II, prescription for, ii, 6; ii, 182
- Chaucer on physicians, 133
- Chelbanah, 56
- Chelsea Pensioner, origin, ii, 123;
- formula, ii, 124
- Chemistry, Patin on, 243;
- Boerhaave’s definition, 323;
- debt of pharmacy to, 323
- Chemists and Druggists origin, 154.
- See also Apothecaries and Pharmacists
- Chenopodium Botrys, old name, 22
- Chloral hydrate, preparation, ii, 272
- Chloric ether, ii, 252
- Chlorine, discovery, 269
- Chloroform anæsthesia, discovery of, ii, 251; ii, 272
- Cholera, Heraclides’s remedy, 89
- Chinchon, Countess of, ii, 94; ii, 102
- Ching’s Worm Lozenges, ii, 166
- Chin-Nong herbal, 287
- Chiron, knowledge of simples, 14
- Christ, meaning of, 60
- Chromium, discovery, 271
- Churchill, Dr., introduces hypophosphites, 307
- Cibus Celestus, ii, 31
- Cinchona, discovery of, ii, 93;
- how its virtues were discovered, ii, 94;
- first used in Europe, ii, 95;
- opposition to using, ii, 95;
- Talbor employs, ii, 97;
- tincture of, ii, 100;
- derivation of word, ii, 102;
- introduction, ii, 104
- Cinchonidine, discovery, ii, 247
- Cinchonine, discovery, ii, 247
- Cinnabar as panacea, 421;
- confused with minium, 408
- Circe, invention of poisons, ii, 221
- Circulatores, 93
- Circumforanei, 93
- Citrine ointment, origin, ii, 125
- Clement of Alexandria, writings, 37
- “Closed ring” theory, ii, 261
- Clyster, ii, 290
- Cobwebs, for bleeding, ii, 73
- Cocaine, synthetic, ii, 266
- Cochineal insects, patent, ii, 162
- Cochleare, meaning of, ii, 284
- Codeine, discovery, 276; ii, 248
- Coffee, introduction, 284
- Cohal, 327
- Cohobation, meaning of, ii, 284
- Colcothar, ii, 284
- Colchicum, virtues discovered, 17;
- introduction, ii, 182; ii, 221
- wine, ii, 67
- Cold cream, ii, 65; ii, 127
- Collier de Morand, ii, 171
- Collodion, discovery, 340
- Collutories, ii, 284
- Collyrium, ii, 284
- Colical antidote of Nicostratus, 215
- Colocynth, Biblical reference, 69
- Comfrey, used by Saxons, 126
- Commander’s Balsam, ii, 135
- Compound liquorice powder, origin, ii, 148
- soap pills, origin of, ii, 153
- Confectio Anti-Epileptica, 248
- piperis, origin of, ii, 210; ii, 214
- Raleighana, 312, 313, 314
- Confection of Alkermes, ii, 51
- of Mithridates, 290
- of opium, origin of, ii, 40
- Confectionarii, 117
- Coniine, synthetic, ii, 266
- Conserves, ii, 285
- Copper, Valentine’s method of preparing, 228;
- symbol, ii, 307; ii, 310
- Copper sulphate, early use, 108
- Coral, use in medicine, 247; ii, 32
- Cordova, 98;
- view of, 99
- Cornachino’s powder, 420
- Corrosive sublimate, introduction, 105;
- for itch, 108;
- concession, 148;
- as syphilis remedy, 414;
- medical use, 421
- Cos, temple of, 11
- Cosmas, patron saint of pharmacy, 19
- “Cotta contra Antonium,” 391
- Cough, old remedies, 90, 128
- “Council of Ten” as poisoners, ii, 228
- Coursus de Gangeland, 142
- Courtois discovers iodine, 351
- Cow-dung as a medicine, ii, 8
- Crabs’-claws’ powder, ii, 19
- Crabs’ eyes, 356
- Cramp rings, 172, 294;
- antiquity of, 305;
- origin, 306;
- consecration, 306
- Cream of tartar, investigated, 268, 371
- Cress, use in medicine, 125
- Crocomagma, ii, 285
- Crocus Martis, 350, 398, ii, 284, ii, 285
- meaning of, ii, 285
- metallorum, ii, 285
- veneris, ii, 285
- Crollius, medical writer, 183, 185
- Crucible, meaning, ii, 285
- Cubebs, history, ii, 108;
- medicinal uses, ii, 108;
- ingredient in Mithridate, ii, 108;
- re-introduced, ii, 108
- Cucupha, ii, 285
- Cucurbit, ii, 285
- Culpepper, Nicholas, 251;
- criticises P.L., 251;
- portrait, 252;
- house, 253;
- career, 253
- Cusinier’s syrup, ii, 155
- Cyathus, meaning, ii, 285