Chronicles of Pharmacy Vol. II, by A. C. Wootton

INDEX

Ablathanabla, 166
Abracadabra mystery, 164
Abraxas, mystic word, 165
Absorbent ethiops, 351
Abtinas, incense makers, 57
Acetabulum, ii, 278
Acetanilide, discovery, ii, 273
Acetic acid, synthetic, ii, 271. See also Pyroligneous acid
Acetum Philosophicum, ii, 279
Achillea milfoil, virtues discovered, 16
Achilles, medical discoveries, 16
Acids, how first made, 323
Acidum causticum, 325
Acidum Pingue, 325
(For other acids see specific names.)
Aconite, discovery, ii, 221;
as poison, ii, 223
Acopa, 91; ii, 279; ii, 290
Adders. See Vipers
Adept, ii, 279
Adrenaline, synthetic, ii, 269
Adrian’s antidote, 288;
dropsy cure, 299
Adulteration, early methods of detecting, 210
Adust, ii, 279
Advertisement, early, 141
Ægyptiacum 16; ii, 52
Aërated cod-liver oil, ii, 167
Æsculapius, Greek physician, 7;
portraits, 8;
death, 8;
descendants, 10;
temples, 11, 79
Æthiops. See Ethiops
Aetius, medical writer, 215
Aggregatives, ii, 279
Ague, cures, 50; ii, 133
Agyrtoi, 93
Alabaster, ii, 279
Albucasis of Cordova, 110, 329
Album Græcum, ii, 10
Album Rhasis, ii, 279
Alchemy, invention, 4.
See also Chemistry
Alcohol, constitution, 330;
formula, ii, 270;
etymology, 103, 326;
early references, 328, 329;
synthesis, 330; ii, 271
Alcohol of Mars, 327
Alcohol of sulphur, 327
Aldehyde, preparation, ii, 271
Alembic, etymology, ii, 279
Alembroth salt, 243, 417;
etymology, ii, 279
Alexander of Tralles, 216;
Hiera, ii, 141
Alexandria library, 88, 98
Alexandrinus, Nicolas, 219
Alexipharmic, ii, 279
Alexiteria, ii, 279
Alfred the Great, letter to, 114, 131
Alga nostoch, 375
Algaroth’s powder, 381
Algarotti, note on, 381
Alhandal, ii, 279
Alkahest, Glauber’s 264; ii, 279
Alkali, etymology, ii, 280
Alkalies, early knowledge of, 324;
Black on, 324
Alkalised ethiops, 351
Alkaloids, discovery of, 274; ii, 243;
synthesis, ii, 265
Alkekengi, ii, 280
Alkermes, Arabic derivation, 103
Al-Koh’l, 326
Alkool, ii, 280
Allicola, 360
All-flower-water, ii, 8
Almond tree, Biblical reference, 75
Alœdarium, ii, 280
Aloes, as pigment, 95;
tincture, ii, 37;
elixir, ii, 57;
notes on, ii, 86;
picture of, ii, 87; ii, 88;
books on, ii, 88;
decoction, ii, 176
Aloes wood, Biblical references, 63
Alquimesci oil, 110
Aludels, ii, 280
Aluka, 70
Alum, early uses, 331;
first factories, 332;
discovered in Yorkshire, 333;
composition investigated, 333;
symbol, ii, 309
Aluminium, first made, 333
Amalgam, ii, 280
Amalgama Jovis, 425
Amaranth, meaning of, 22
Ambix, 328
Ambrosia, identity of, 22
Ambrosial elixir, 26
Amen, 6
Ammon, 6
Ammonia, made from bones, 263;
history, 334;
etymology, 334;
composition, 337
Ammoniacum, etymology, 334
Ammoniated Tincture of Quinine, origin of, ii, 153
Ammonium acetate solution, 132
Amphide salts, 326
Amphora, ii, 280
Amulets for preventing disease, 162.
See also Charms
Anæsthetic, mysterious, ii, 254
Anæsthetics, discovery, ii, 248
Analeptica, ii, 280
Anderson, Dr. P., portrait, ii, 168;
publication, ii, 168;
invents pills, ii, 169
Anderson’s Scots Pills, origin of, ii, 168;
formulæ, ii, 169
Andreas, author, 182
Andromachus’s theriakon, 90; ii, 20; ii, 42
Anethon in Bible, 71
Anglicanus’s “Compendium of Medicine,” 132
Aniline, discovery of, ii, 263
Animal magnetism, 199
medicines, 89, 127; ii, 1; ii, 2
oil, ii, 25
Animals, mythical, 26
Aniseed, magical plant, 18
oil, use of, 247
Anne, Queen, cures by touch, 301
Anodyne necklaces, ii, 170
Anointing oil, 38, 50, 55;
formula, 59
Anointment, ii, 280
Antidotary, meaning, ii, 280
of Nicolas Prepositus, 116
of Nicolas Myrepsus, 219
Antidote, meaning, ii, 281
Antidotos ex duobus, 215, 310
Antidotum Acharistos, 220
Antidotum Adrianum, 288
Andromachus, 292
Mithridatum, 289;
absurdities of, 290;
Galen on, 292
Podagrica, 310
Pythagoras, 18
Anthony, Francis, panacea of, 391;
epitaph, 393
Anthropomorphon, 20
Antifebrin, discovery, ii, 273
Anti-hecticum poterii, 425
Antimony, introduction, 224, 226, 227;
used by Paracelsus, 243;
early use in medicine, 376;
etymology, 377;
alchemists, researches on, 379;
compounds of, 227, 378, 380;
controversy, 383;
symbol, ii, 309
Antimony cups, 385
sulphide, 326, 378, 382
Antipyrin, discovery, ii, 274
Antiseptic vinegar, ii, 56
Apollo, god of medicine, 6;
portrait, 7;
banished from Olympia, 8;
Apollo and Daphne myth, 9, 33
Apotheca, meaning, 117
Apothecary, Biblical mention, 50
Apothecary’s duty defined, 155
Apothecary, picture of, ii, 81
in “Romeo and Juliet,” ii, 77
versions, ii, 78; ii, 79; ii, 80
Apothecaries’ Jewish Guild, 51
become physicians, 152
charges, 149, 150
curriculum, 122
during the Plague, 149
early references, 142
oath, 122
Shakespearian references, ii, 70; ii, 71; ii, 77
Society, arms, 9, 31;
motto, 10;
incorporation, 144, 256;
drug-inspection, ii, 17;
weights as metaphor, ii, 71.
See also Chemists and Pharmacists
Apothek, derivation, 95
Apoplexy, remedy, 133
Apozem of Epsom Salts, 345
Apozems, meaning, ii, 281; ii, 299
Aqua aluminosa, 346
ardens, 223, 328
arthritica, ii, 8
kali Puri, 325
Luccana, 339
Lulliana, 348
mirabilis, ii, 281
Omnium Florum, ii, 8
Phagadænica, 414
Aqua Sancti Luciæ, 339
Temperata, 348
Tufania, ii, 235
Vitæ, early use, 223, 329;
Rhazes on, 107;
Shakespearian reference, ii, 75;
symbol, ii, 309;
Hibernorum, ii, 65.
See also Alcohol
vini, 329
Aquetta di Napoli, ii, 235
Aquila Alba, 419; ii, 281
Arab pharmacy, 97
Arabic names in pharmacy, 103
Arcanum Corallinum, 249
duplicatum, 355, 371; ii, 281
meaning of, 249; ii, 281
Tartari, ii, 281
Vitrioli, 398
Arcœus invents elemi ointment, ii, 133
Areometer, invention, 281
Arfwedson discovers lithium, 353
Argentum vivum, 408
Argile, 333
Archidoxa Medicinæ of Paracelsus, 390
Archigenes’s Hiera, ii, 139
Aristes, medical discoveries, 16
Arithmetic, invention, 4
Armoniac, 334
Arnold of Villa Nova, 329
Arquebusade water, ii, 56
Arrow-poisoning, antiquity of, ii, 222
Arsenic, early use, 108;
eaten in Styria, ii, 238;
Marsh’s test, ii, 241;
symbol, ii, 309
Assassin, origin of word, ii, 226
Asclepiades, 79
Asparagin, isolation of, 275
Asphalt used in embalming, 359
Astronomy. See Starcraft
Athanasia, identity of, 22
Athanor, ii, 281
Atropa, sister of the Fates, 24
Atropine, discovery, ii, 248;
synthetic, ii, 266
Attalus cultivates medicinal plants, 288
Aurum fulminans, 396
musivum, 424
Potabile, Anthony’s formula, 392;
Glauber’s formula, 389, 390, 393;
other recipes, 394, 395, 396;
Shakespearian reference, ii, 74
vitæ, 414
Avenzoar of Seville, 110
Averrhoes of Cordova, 110
Avicenna’s doctrines, 102;
formulas, 103;
biography, 108;
writings, 109;
portrait, 108;
influence of, 117;
introduces silvering pills, 423

Baaras, identity of, 21
Bacchus, ancient god, 5
Bacon, Roger, writings, 132;
on aurum potabile, 390
Bagdad, foundation of, 100
Bain-Marie, ii, 282
Baktischwah, Persian physician, 104
Balanites Egyptiaca gum, 53
Balanoi, ii, 299
Balard, discovers bromine, 273, 339
Balm, etymology, ii, 281
Balm of Gilead, 49, 53;
Galen on, 213;
in mithridatum, 293; ii, 281
Balneum Mariæ, ii, 282
Balsam Arcœi, ii, 133
Balsam of bats, 257
etymology, ii, 281
of sulphur, 360; ii, 58
Barbadoes tar, 360
Barbarossa’s mercurial pills, 411
Barley water, Hippocrates recommends, 87
Barytes, discovery, 269
Basilic powder, 420
Basilicon ointment, origin, ii, 282
Basilides, note on, 165
Bateman’s pectoral drops, ii, 163
Baths, varieties, ii, 282
Baume du Chevalier de Saint Victor, ii, 136
du Commandeur de Permes, ii, 136
de Fioraventi, ii, 173
Tranquille, ii, 175
de Vie, ii, 176
Baumé, French chemist, 281
Bayen, French pharmacist, 276
Bdellium, identity of, 62
Bears’ grease, use of, ii, 12
Beer, medicinal, ii, 283
Bell’s “Historical Sketch of the Progress of Pharmacy,” 150, 156
Belladonna, etymology, 24;
old names, 25;
uses, 25
Belloste’s mercurial pills, 412
Benjamin, etymology, ii, 269
Benzoic acid, synthetic, ii, 268
Benzoyl, discovery, ii, 257
Berkeley, Bishop, portrait, 315;
devises tar water, 316;
publications, 316
Bernard, Claude, 285
of Gordon, 135
Berthelot’s “History of Alchemy,” 114
Berthollet, French Chemist, 281
Besen, meaning of, ii, 281
Bestucheff’s Tincture, 321;
secret purchased, 322;
formula, 404
Betton’s British Oils, 359; ii, 164
Bezoar Germanosum, ii, 15
stones, first mention, 111;
use in medicine, ii, 15;
source, ii, 15;
price, ii, 16; ii, 18;
as charms, ii, 16;
fallacy of, ii, 18;
as antidote, ii, 221
Bezoardic powder, ii, 19
Bezoards, ii, 282
Bible, pharmacy in, 46
drugs mentioned in, 53
poisons in, ii, 222
Biblical references, 27, 29, 33, 46, 53; ii, 222
Biliousness remedies, 161, 167
Bindo, A., Earl of Rochester’s pseudonym, ii, 204
Birthwort as remedy, 184
Bismuth, first mention, 386;
regarded as poisonous, 387;
liquor, 388;
lozenges, 388;
oxychloride, 387
Bitter flavours, Jewish objection to, 48, 64
Bitter Purging Salts, 345
Bitumen of Judæa, in embalming, 359
Black, Joseph, on alkalies, 324;
portrait, 357;
on alkaline earths, 356
Black draught, origin of, ii, 121
drop, invention of, ii, 145
precipitate, 418
wash, introduction, 146, 257
Bladder wort as remedy, 184
Blanc de fard, 386
Blatta Byzantina, 57
Blaud, Dr., French physician, ii, 122
Blaud’s pills, original formula, ii, 122
Bleeding, old cure for, 172
Blindness, cures, 81, 82, 298
Blisters, introduced, ii, 282
Blood root as remedy, 184
Blue vitriol, 373
Bodega, derivation, 95
Boils, Biblical remedy, 46, 73;
cure for, 170
Bole armeniæ, medical uses, 216
Bologna sun-stone, 361
Bolus, meaning of, ii, 282
Bombast See Paracelsus
Borax, early use, 108
Borith, 324
Botanologoi, 95
Boulduc, French apothecary, 281
Boules de Mars, 402
de Nancy, 402
Boutique, derivation, 95
Bovins’s remedy, 374
Boyle investigates phosphorus, 365
Boyle’s “Hell,” 417
Boyveau-Laffecteur’s rob, 415
Brandt discovers phosphorus, 363
Brass, 426
Brass-alum, 427
“Breviarium Bartholomei,” 135
Brinvilliers, poisoner, ii, 232
British oils, 359; ii, 164
British Pharmacopœia, animal substances in, ii, 4;
editions, ii, 69
Brockenden’s compressed drugs, ii, 167
Bromine, discoverer, 273;
isolation, 339
Brongniart, French pharmacist, 276
Broom, Biblical plant, 65
Brugnatelli’s Poudre Vermifuge, 426
Bucklersbury, drug trade centre, 140
Burchell’s necklaces, ii, 171
Burghley’s gout preventive, 172
Bulleyn’s electuarium de Gemmis, ii, 35
Burnt sponge for scrofula, 353
Burt’s “Heartburn Tablets,” 388
Butter of antimony, 380
Byfield’s sal oleosum volatile, ii, 162

Caffeine, discovery, ii, 247;
synthesis, ii, 268
Caius, Dr., ii, 71
Calamus draconis fruit, 31
Calatippe, ii, 17
Calomel, introduction, 146, 257, 418;
etymology, 419
Calx Jovis, 425; ii, 283
Lunæ, ii, 283
meaning of, ii, 283
Mercurii, ii, 283
Saturnii, ii, 283
Camphor, use in medicine, 109;
synthetic, ii, 269
Canterbury bells as remedy, 184
Cantharides as gout remedy, 216
Capers, use in East, 74
Caput mortuum, ii, 283
Carbonic acid gas, discovered, 259
Cardinal’s powder, ii, 97
Carduus Benedictus, Shakespearian reference, ii, 73
Carminative, etymology, ii, 283
Spirit of Sylvius, 337
Cassia, introduction of, 105
Castor oil, used by Dioscorides, 210;
notes on, ii, 89;
picture of plant, ii, 90;
early uses, ii, 90;
treatise on, ii, 92;
etymology, ii, 93.
See also Ricinus.
Castorum, early use, 217
Cat, medicinal use, ii, 13
Cataplasm, etymology, ii, 283
Catholica, meaning of, ii, 283
Caustic potash formulæ, 325
Caventou discovers quinine, 274.
See also Pelletier
Celsus, on Egyptian medicine, 35;
writings, 90
Centaurs, fable, 15
Centaury, etymology, 14;
figure of, 25
Ceratum, ii, 127
de Lapide calaminari, ii, 158
lithargyri, 400
Cerates, meaning of, ii, 283
Cereirsiæ, ii, 283
Ceruse, ii, 284. See also White lead.
of antimony, ii, 284
Chamberlain’s restorative pills, 421
Chamberlen’s necklaces, ii, 170
Chamomile, use in medicine, 125
Chambre ardente enquiry, ii, 236
Chaptal, French chemist, 281
Charas, French chemist, 279
Charms, dragon’s blood as, 32;
use of, 157, 171.
See also Talismans
Charles II, prescription for, ii, 6; ii, 182
Chaucer on physicians, 133
Chelbanah, 56
Chelsea Pensioner, origin, ii, 123;
formula, ii, 124
Chemistry, Patin on, 243;
Boerhaave’s definition, 323;
debt of pharmacy to, 323
Chemists and Druggists origin, 154.
See also Apothecaries and Pharmacists
Chenopodium Botrys, old name, 22
Chloral hydrate, preparation, ii, 272
Chloric ether, ii, 252
Chlorine, discovery, 269
Chloroform anæsthesia, discovery of, ii, 251; ii, 272
Cholera, Heraclides’s remedy, 89
Chinchon, Countess of, ii, 94; ii, 102
Ching’s Worm Lozenges, ii, 166
Chin-Nong herbal, 287
Chiron, knowledge of simples, 14
Christ, meaning of, 60
Chromium, discovery, 271
Churchill, Dr., introduces hypophosphites, 307
Cibus Celestus, ii, 31
Cinchona, discovery of, ii, 93;
how its virtues were discovered, ii, 94;
first used in Europe, ii, 95;
opposition to using, ii, 95;
Talbor employs, ii, 97;
tincture of, ii, 100;
derivation of word, ii, 102;
introduction, ii, 104
Cinchonidine, discovery, ii, 247
Cinchonine, discovery, ii, 247
Cinnabar as panacea, 421;
confused with minium, 408
Circe, invention of poisons, ii, 221
Circulatores, 93
Circumforanei, 93
Citrine ointment, origin, ii, 125
Clement of Alexandria, writings, 37
“Closed ring” theory, ii, 261
Clyster, ii, 290
Cobwebs, for bleeding, ii, 73
Cocaine, synthetic, ii, 266
Cochineal insects, patent, ii, 162
Cochleare, meaning of, ii, 284
Codeine, discovery, 276; ii, 248
Coffee, introduction, 284
Cohal, 327
Cohobation, meaning of, ii, 284
Colcothar, ii, 284
Colchicum, virtues discovered, 17;
introduction, ii, 182; ii, 221
wine, ii, 67
Cold cream, ii, 65; ii, 127
Collier de Morand, ii, 171
Collodion, discovery, 340
Collutories, ii, 284
Collyrium, ii, 284
Colical antidote of Nicostratus, 215
Colocynth, Biblical reference, 69
Comfrey, used by Saxons, 126
Commander’s Balsam, ii, 135
Compound liquorice powder, origin, ii, 148
soap pills, origin of, ii, 153
Confectio Anti-Epileptica, 248
piperis, origin of, ii, 210; ii, 214
Raleighana, 312, 313, 314
Confection of Alkermes, ii, 51
of Mithridates, 290
of opium, origin of, ii, 40
Confectionarii, 117
Coniine, synthetic, ii, 266
Conserves, ii, 285
Copper, Valentine’s method of preparing, 228;
symbol, ii, 307; ii, 310
Copper sulphate, early use, 108
Coral, use in medicine, 247; ii, 32
Cordova, 98;
view of, 99
Cornachino’s powder, 420
Corrosive sublimate, introduction, 105;
for itch, 108;
concession, 148;
as syphilis remedy, 414;
medical use, 421
Cos, temple of, 11
Cosmas, patron saint of pharmacy, 19
“Cotta contra Antonium,” 391
Cough, old remedies, 90, 128
“Council of Ten” as poisoners, ii, 228
Coursus de Gangeland, 142
Courtois discovers iodine, 351
Cow-dung as a medicine, ii, 8
Crabs’-claws’ powder, ii, 19
Crabs’ eyes, 356
Cramp rings, 172, 294;
antiquity of, 305;
origin, 306;
consecration, 306
Cream of tartar, investigated, 268, 371
Cress, use in medicine, 125
Crocomagma, ii, 285
Crocus Martis, 350, 398, ii, 284, ii, 285
meaning of, ii, 285
metallorum, ii, 285
veneris, ii, 285
Crollius, medical writer, 183, 185
Crucible, meaning, ii, 285
Cubebs, history, ii, 108;
medicinal uses, ii, 108;
ingredient in Mithridate, ii, 108;
re-introduced, ii, 108
Cucupha, ii, 285
Cucurbit, ii, 285
Culpepper, Nicholas, 251;
criticises P.L., 251;
portrait, 252;
house, 253;
career, 253
Cusinier’s syrup, ii, 155
Cyathus, meaning, ii, 285