English grammar

INDEX

Absolute phrases, 237.
Absolute use of noun, 237.
Abstract nouns, 14.
Active voice, 40.
Address, term of, 39, 40.
Adjective clauses, 171.
restrictive, 193.
unrestrictive, 194.
Adjective elements, 29.
Adjective phrases, 31.
Adjective pronouns, 121.
declension of, 122.
Adjectives, appositive, 88.
classified, 110.
comparison of, 116, 117.
defined, 25.
errors in use of, 118, 119.
misused for adverbs, 70, 71.
modifying pronouns, 26.
objective complement, 94.
parsing of, 120.
review of, 120.
subjective complement, 69.
Adverbial clauses, of cause, 183.
of comparison, 188, 189.
of concession, 186.
of condition, 186.
of manner, 181.
of place, 181.
of purpose, 184.
of result, 184.
of time, 180, 181.
office of, 171.
Adverbial nouns, 91.
Adverbial noun phrases, 91.
modifying adjectives or adverbs, 92.
Adverbial noun phrases, modifying verbs, 91.
what they denote, 91.
Adverbial phrases, 31.
Adverbs, comparison of, 170.
conjunctive, 172.
defined, 28.
formation of, 31.
interrogative, 170.
introducing noun clauses, 204, 205.
meaning of, 28.
misused for adjectives, 70, 71.
modifying adjectives, 29.
modifying adverbs, 29.
modifying sentences, 175.
modifying verbs, 28.
parsing of, 174.
simple, 170.
summary of, 173.
After, 178.
Agreement, of participle and noun, 239.
of subject and verb, 165, 166.
Among, 37.
Analysis, models for, 34, 48, 191, 225, 244.
Antecedent, of personal pronoun, 98.
of relative pronoun, 197.
Anticipative subject, 201, 212, 247.
Appositive, adjective, 88.
case of, 87.
in possessive case, 86.
infinitive, 215.
noun, 85, 86.
Appositive, noun clause, 201.
position of, 86.
punctuation of, 86, 87.
Articles, definite and indefinite, 113.
uses of, 114.
As, relative pronoun, 197.
At, 37.
Auxiliary verbs, 124.
can, could, etc., 154-156.
shall and will, 151, 152.
Before, 178.
Beside, 38.
Besides, 38.
Between, 37.
But, conjunction and preposition, 46.
relative pronoun, 197.
uses of, 178.
By, 38.
Can and could, 155, 156.
Capitalization, of proper adjectives, 111.
of proper nouns, 13, 14.
Case, 83-95, 100, 108, 196.
Cause, clauses of, 183.
Clauses, adjective, 171, 193-197.
adverbial, 171, 180-191.
defined, 48.
dependent, 52, 53.
independent, 48.
noun, 200, 201.
review of, 206.
Collective nouns, 166.
Common gender, 78.
Common nouns, 13, 14.
Comparative degree, 116.
Comparison, clauses of, 188, 189.
of adjectives, 116.
of adverbs, 170.
how denoted, 116, 117.
irregular, 117.
Complement, defined, 61.
Complement, direct object, 61.
double object, 216.
objective, 94, 145.
subjective, 67, 68.
Complex sentences, 53.
Compound personal pronouns, 106.
uses of, 106.
Compound predicate, 19, 20.
Compound sentences, 50.
Compound subject, 20.
Concession, clauses of, 186.
Condition, clauses of, 186.
Conjugation, active voice, 128-130, 132, 134.
defined, 127.
emphatic, 149.
imperative mode, 134.
indicative mode, 128-130.
interrogative, 129.
passive voice, 140-142.
progressive, 148.
subjunctive mode, 132.
Conjunctions, 46.
coördinate, 174.
correlative, 175.
in compound sentences, 50.
subordinate, 176, 177.
Conjunctive adverbs, 172.
in noun clauses, 204.
Contractions, 130.
Coördinate conjunctions, 174.
Correlative conjunctions, 175.
Dangling participles, 239.
Declarative sentences, 9, 10.
Declension, of nouns, 84.
of personal pronouns, 98.
of relative pronouns, 196.
Defective verbs, 154-157.
Demonstrative adjectives, 113.
Dependent clauses, 52.
Descriptive adjectives, 110, 111.
Direct and indirect discourse, 162-165.
Direct and indirect quotations, 162-165.
Do, as principal verb, 157.
Double object, of preposition for, 220.
of verb, 216-218.
Double possessive, 81, 104.
Each other, 122.
Elliptical sentences, 249, 250.
Else, as limiting adjective, 113.
uses of, 178.
Emphatic conjugation, 149, 150.
Enough, 113.
Errors, in adjectives, 70, 71, 118, 119.
in adverbs, 70, 71.
in infinitives, 221, 222.
in interrogative pronouns, 109, 110.
in participles, 239.
in personal pronouns, 101, 103.
in verbs, 130, 137-142.
Exclamatory nouns, 40.
Exclamatory sentences, 44, 45.
Feminine gender, 78.
Floating participle, 239.
For, 179.
Gender, 77, 78.
how denoted, 78.
Gerund, 211.
Going, in verb phrase, 156.
Have, as principal verb, 157.
Hence, 179.
Idiomatic expressions, 104, 201, 220, 235, 247.
Imperative mode, 134.
conjugation of, 134.
Imperative sentences, 41.
subject omitted, 42.
Impersonal verbs, 157.
In, 37, 38.
Independent elements, 39, 40.
Indicative mode, 127.
Indirect discourse, 162-165.
Indirect object, 89, 90.
becoming subject of passive verb, 141.
position of, 90.
Infinitive phrases, 211.
Infinitives, defined, 209.
errors in use of, 221, 222.
in apposition, 215.
in -ing, 210.
modified by possessive, 211.
modifier of adjective, 220, 221.
modifier of noun, 215.
modifier of verb, 218.
object of preposition, 220.
object of verb, 213.
part of double object, 216-218.
subjective complement, 213.
summary of, 224, 225.
used independently, 221.
with to, 209, 210.
Interjections, 43.
Interrogative adjectives, 113.
Interrogative adverbs, 170.
Interrogative conjugation, 129.
Interrogative pronouns, 108.
errors in use of, 109, 110.
in noun clause, 204.
uses of, 108.
Interrogative sentences, 23, 24.
order of, 24.
Into, 38.
Intransitive verbs, of action, 64.
of being, 64, 66, 67.
Irregular verbs, defined, 135, 136.
errors in use of, 137-140.
principal parts of, 137.
It, as anticipative subject, 201, 212, 247.
Lay and lie, 137.
Like, 181.
Limiting adjectives, 110, 113, 114.
Manner, clauses of, 181.
Masculine gender, 77.
May and might, 155, 156.
Mode, defined, 127.
imperative, 134.
indicative, 127.
subjunctive, 131, 132.
Modifier, 26.
Must, 155, 156.
Natural order, 22.
Neuter gender, 78.
Nominative case, 83, 84, 100.
Noun clauses, 200.
introductory word of, 203, 204.
uses of, 200, 201.
Nouns, abstract, 14.
adverbial, 91, 92.
as adjectives, 27.
as interjections, 43.
case of, 83, 84.
collective, 166.
common, 13, 14.
compound, 81.
declension of, 84.
defined, 11, 12.
direct object, 61.
gender of, 77, 78.
in apposition, 85-87.
in exclamation, 40.
in -ing, 240.
indirect object, 89.
number of, 74-76.
object of preposition, 35.
objective complement, 94.
parsing of, 96.
possessive, 79-82.
proper, 13, 14.
term of address, 39, 40.
used absolutely, 237.
Number, defined, 74.
singular and plural, 74, 75.
Numeral adjectives, 113.
O, 43.
Object, double, 216.
indirect, 89, 90, 141.
of preposition, 35, 36.
of verb, 61.
retained, 146.
Objective complement, 94.
becoming subjective complement of passive verb, 145.
Off, 38.
One, declined, 122.
One another, 122.
Only, 179.
Other, declined, 122.
Own, with possessives, 100.
Parsing, of adjectives, 120.
of adverbs, 174.
of nouns, 96.
of prepositions, 179.
of pronouns, 100, 208.
of verbs, 150, 168.
Participial phrases, 229.
Participles, agreement of, 239.
dangling, or floating, 239.
defined, 228, 229.
differing from adjectives, 231.
errors in use of, 239.
forms of, 228.
summary of, 243, 244.
uses of, 140, 144, 145, 148, 228, 229, 231, 235, 237.
Parts of speech, summary of, 57.
Passive voice, 140-142.
Past participle, 135, 228.
as subjective complement, 144, 145.
in passive conjugation, 140.
Person, of nouns, 98.
of pronouns, 98.
of verbs, 127.
Personal pronouns, 98.
compound, 106.
declension of, 98.
errors in use of, 101-103.
uses of, 100, 103-105.
Phrases, 31, 33.
absolute, 237.
adjective, 31.
adverbial, 31.
as subjective complement, 69.
defined, 33.
denoting possession, 81.
in a series, 32.
infinitive, 211.
participial, 229.
position of, 32.
prepositional, 35, 36.
Place, clauses of, 181.
Plurals, foreign, 75.
formation of, 74, 75.
compound nouns, 75.
letters and figures, 75.
titles, 75.
regular and irregular, 74.
same as singular, 74.
Positive degree, 116.
Possessive case, 83.
of compound nouns, 81.
Possessive nouns, 80, 83.
form of, 80, 81.
in double possessives, 81.
what they denote, 81.
Possessive pronouns, 103.
how used, 104.
in double possessives, 104.
Predicate, compound, 19, 20.
defined, 9, 10.
simple, 16.
transposed, 22.
Prepositions, 34, 35.
correct use of, 37-39.
parsing of, 179.
Present participle, in progressive conjugation, 148, 228.
Principal parts, 135.
Principal parts, of irregular verbs, 137.
Progressive conjugation, 148.
Pronouns, adjective, 121.
compound personal, 106.
defined, 18.
in clauses of comparison, 190, 191.
indefinite, 204.
interrogative, 108.
parsing of, 100, 208.
personal, 98, 100, 103.
Pronouns, relative, 196, 197.
review of, 207.
Proper adjectives, 111.
Proper nouns, 13, 14.
Punctuation, of a series, 20, 25, 26, 32.
of appositives, 86-88.
of compound sentences, 50.
of compound subject and predicate, 20.
of declarative sentences, 10.
of exclamatory sentences, 44.
of interrogative sentences, 24.
of phrases, 32.
Purpose, clauses of, 184.
Raise and rise, 138.
Reflexive use of pronouns, 106.
Regular verbs, 135, 136.
Relative pronouns, 196, 197.
what, 204.
Result, clauses of, 184.
Retained object, 146.
Review, general, 257-264.
of adjectives, 120.
of adverbs, 173.
of analysis, 252.
of clauses, 206.
of infinitives, 224, 225.
of nouns, 96, 97.
of participles, 243.
of parts of speech, 57.
of prepositions, 179.
Review, general, of pronouns, 207.
of sentences, 55.
of verbs, 72, 168.
Sentences, complex, 53.
compound, 50.
declarative, 9, 10.
defined, 9, 10.
elliptical, 249, 250,
exclamatory, 44, 45.
imperative, 41.
interrogative, 23, 24.
review of, 55.
simple, 48.
Sequence of tenses, 125, 163.
Series, of adjectives, 25.
of phrases, 32.
of predicates, 20.
Set and sit, 138.
Shall and will, 151.
in indirect discourse, 163.
in interrogative sentences, 152.
rules for use of, 152.
Should and would, 160-162.
in subjunctive mode, 155.
Simple adverbs, 170.
Simple predicate, 16.
Simple sentences, 48.
Simple subject, 11.
Since, 179.
Singular number, 74.
So, 179.
Subject, compound, 20.
defined, 9, 10.
how found, 16.
simple, 11.
transposed, 22.
Subjective complement, 67, 68.
adjective, 69.
infinitive, 213.
noun, 67, 69.
participle, 144, 145.
prepositional phrase, 69.
Subjunctive mode, 131.
conjugation of, 132.
Subjunctive mode, tenses of, 132.
Subordinate conjunctions, 176, 177.
Summary, of adverbs, 173.
of case relations, 97.
of infinitives, 224, 225.
of participles, 243, 244.
Superlative degree, 116.
Tense, 123.
errors in, 125, 126.
in noun clauses, 201.
primary, 124.
secondary, 124.
sequence of, 125, 163.
Term of address, 39.
The, an adverb, 170.
There, 247, 248.
Till, 179.
Time, clauses of, 180, 181.
To, omitted in infinitives, 217.
To, use of, 37.
Transitive verbs, 60, 61.
followed by indirect object, 90.
followed by objective complement, 94.
what they denote, 62.
Transposed order, 22.
Until, 179.
Used, in verb phrases, 156.
Verb phrases, 155, 156.
Verbals, 210, 211.
Verbs, defective, 154-157.
defined, 16.
errors in use of, 130, 137-142.
intransitive, 64, 66, 67.
mode of, 127, 131, 134.
parsing of, 150, 168.
principal parts of, 135, 137.
regular and irregular, 135, 136.
review of, 72, 168.
tense of, 123-126.
transitive, 60, 61.
used as interjections, 43.
used transitively or intransitively, 64, 66.
voice of, 140-142.
Voice, active and passive, 140.
conjugation of passive, 140-142.
test for passive, 145.
With, 38.
Words in -ing, 240.
Words used, as adjective or adverb, 59.
as adverb or preposition, 60.
as noun or adjective, 58.
as noun or verb, 58.
as preposition, conjunction, or adverb, 179.
Would, as principal verb, 155.
Yet, 179.

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INDEX