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Exercises upon the Different Parts of Italian Speech, with References to Veneroni's Grammar / to which is added an abridgement of the Roman history, intended at once to make the learner acquainted with history, and the idiom of the Italian language cover

Exercises upon the Different Parts of Italian Speech, with References to Veneroni's Grammar / to which is added an abridgement of the Roman history, intended at once to make the learner acquainted with history, and the idiom of the Italian language

Chapter 10: Personal Verbs governing a Genitive Case.
By Ferdinando Bottarelli
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About This Book

The work presents systematic exercises in Italian grammar organized around Veneroni’s syntax, with conjugation drills, paradigms, and graded examples arranged in three progressive types: brief rule illustrations, longer practice sentences that recycle earlier material, and comprehensive passages combining multiple rules. Radical words are interlined and accents are marked to aid pronunciation and reduce dictionary consultation. Editorial notes correct references and obsolete phrases. An appended abridgment of Roman history provides reading material designed to reinforce idiomatic usage and to acquaint learners with relevant cultural context.

[1] Gram. p. 206, on if before that tense.

[2] See Gram. p. 206, on the particle if before the imperfect indicative.

On the Future, or time to come.

    1. When
    2. quando
    1. will you go into
    2. andáre
    1. the country?
    2. campágna?
    1. I believe
    2. crédere
    1. I shall go there
    2. andáre
    1. to-morrow.
    2. dománi.
    1. Will you stay
    2. restáre
    1. long there?
    2. un pezzo?
    1. No, sir,
    1. I shall stay but
    1. two or three weeks.
    2. due o tre settimána.
    1. How
    1. will you spend your time
    2. passáre tempo
    1. when you are there?
    2. quando[1] éssere

    1. I’ll go and see
    2. andáre vedére
    1. my friends,
    2. amíco
    1. and I will divert myself
    2. divertíre
    1. with those who
    1. receive me
    2. [2]ricévere
    1. kindly.
    2. corteseménte.
    1. Will you not carry
    2. portáre
    1. some books
    1. with you?
    2. libro
    1. No,
    1. for I am sure
    2. perchè sicúro
    1. while I am there,
    2. mentre[3]
    1. I shall have
    2. avére
    1. no time
    2. tempo
    1. to read.
    2. léggere.
    1. You will forget
    2. scordársi
    1. all your Italian.
    2. tutto Italiano.
    1. I am certain
    2. certo
    1. I shall not,
    2. di no
    1. for I will not stay long there.
    2. restáre molto
    1. When once you are there,
    2. una volta[4] éssere
    1. your friends
    2. amíco
    1. will not permit you
    2. permettere
    1. to leave them
    2. lasciáre
    1. so soon.
    2. così presto.
    1. You shall see that
    2. vedére
    1. I’ll be here
    2. éssere quì
    1. next Sunday,
    2. próssimo Doménica
    1. and that
    1. my friends
    2. amíco
    1. will not have so much power
    2. avére tanto potére
    1. over me as
    1. you think.
    2. pensáre.
    1. What
    1. will you bring me
    2. portáre
    1. from
    1. the country?
    2. campágna?
    1. I’ll bring you
    2. portáre
    1. some partridges,
    2. perníce
    1. a hare,
    2. lepre
    1. and some pheasants.
    2. fagiáno.
    1. I shall be obliged
    2. éssere obbligáto
    1. to you for them.

[1] When you are there, render, when you shall be there.

[2] Ricevere, must be in the future, third person plural.

[3] Render, while I shall be there, mentre starò là.

[4] Render, when once you shall be there, quando una volta ci saréte.

On the Imperative, or Mood that commands.

    1. Go from me
    2. andáre
    1. to my lady;
    2. signóra
    1. present my respects to
    2. presentáre rispétto
    1. her: give her this letter,
    2. dare questo léttera
    1. and bring me an answer;
    2. portáre rispósta
    1. should she not be
    2. éssere
    1. at home,
    2. casa
    1. stay till
    2. restáre
    1. she comes back.
    2. ritornáre.
    1. Speak Italian
    2. parláre Italiáno
    1. with me,
    2. meco
    1. pronounce well,
    2. pronunziáre
    1. begin again,
    2. ricominciáre
    1. read softly,
    2. leggere adágio
    1. repeat your lesson,
    2. ripétere lezióne
    1. go.
    2. coraggio.

On the Construction of Verbs.

The Auxiliary Verb avére, requires an accusative Case.

    1. You have a son
    2. avére figlio
    1. who has
    1. the finest qualities
    2. bello qualità
    1. in the world;
    2. mondo
    1. he has
    2. avére
    1. a sweet countenance,
    2. piacévole fisonomia
    1. a great deal of civility,
    2. molto civiltà
    1. and very obliging manners;
    2. cortése maniera
    1. in short, he has
    1. the love of every body,
    2. affetto tutto
    1. and you are happy
    2. éssere fortunato
    1. in having such a son.
    1. A man is very happy
    2. uómo molto felíce
    1. who has
    1. the fear of God
    2. timóre Dio
    1. and the love of his neighbours,
    2. amóre prossimo
    1. though
    2. [1]benchè
    1. he should not have
    1. the riches of fortune.
    2. richézza fortúna.
    1. Those who
    1. have wealth,
    2. avére [2]richézza
    1. and have no
    1. charity for the poor,
    2. carità povero
    1. shall not share
    2. partecipáre
    1. God’s mercy.
    2. Dio misericordia.
    1. A man
    2. uómo
    1. that has
    1. wit,
    2. spírito
    1. and no behaviour,
    2. condótta
    1. is despicable.
    2. sprezzábile.
    1. I have
    1. scholars
    2. scoláro
    1. who have
    1. sense,
    2. giudizio
    1. and are diligent;
    2. éssere diligénte
    1. but I have
    1. others who are
    2. altro che
    1. dull,
    2. ottusi
    1. and very idle.
    2. pigro.

    1. If you have
    2. avére
    1. good manners,
    2. buóno maniera
    1. civility
    2. civiltà
    1. and complaisance,
    2. compiacénza
    1. you will be
    2. éssere
    1. loved by every body.
    2. amáto tutto.

[1] Benchè governs the subjunctive mood.

[2] See Gram. p. 211, on the articles del, dello, della, &c.

Sometimes the Verb avére is used instead of éssere, especially when we speak of cold, heat, hunger, thirst, or of the age of any one.

    1. I was very cold
    2. avére freddo
    1. when
    1. I came,
    2. veníre
    1. but
    1. am very warm
    2. avére caldo
    1. now.
    2. adesso.
    1. You eat
    2. mangiáre
    1. as if
    2. come se
    1. you were not hungry.
    2. avére fame.
    1. I beg your pardon,
    2. domandáre perdóno
    1. I eat heartily;
    2. mangiáre di buón gusto
    1. for I was very hungry.
    2. avére molto appetito.
    1. Are you not thirsty
    2. avére sete
    1. yet?
    2. ancóra?
    1. Yes, sir,
    2. si, signóre
    1. I am very thirsty,
    2. avére gran sete
    1. but I won’t drink yet;
    2. ma volére bere ancóra
    1. for if I drink
    2. se bevére
    1. when I am hungry,
    2. quando avére fame
    1. it prevents me from
    2. impedíre
    1. eating.
    2. mangiáre.
    1. How old is
    2. quanto anno avére
    1. your uncle?
    2. zio?
    1. He is not yet
    2. avére ancóra
    1. seventy years old.
    2. settánta anno.
    1. You surprise me,
    2. sorpréndere
    1. I thought
    2. crédere
    1. he was eighty.
    2. avére ottánta.
    1. And you, sir,
    2. e signóre
    1. how old are you?
    2. anno avére?
    1. I am not twenty
    2. avére venti
    1. yet.
    2. ancóra.

On the Verb Substantive éssere. The Verb Substantive éssere requires the following noun in the Nominative Case.

    1. Our master
    2. nostro maestro
    1. is diligent;
    2. éssere diligénte
    1. but I have been hitherto
    2. éssere stato sinóra
    1. very idle;
    2. pigro
    1. I have done as
    2. avére fatto come
    1. the drones.
    2. cacchióne.
    1. I have lost
    2. avére pérdere
    1. my parents’ love,
    2. genitóre affetto
    1. who always provided
    2. che mi hanno sempre forníre
    1. all things necessary for me:
    2. tutto necessário
    1. I have been unworthy
    2. éssere stato indégno
    1. of their care;
    2. cura
    1. but I will deserve
    2. ma volére meritáre
    1. to be called
    2. éssere chiamáre
    1. the most diligent
    2. diligénte
    1. of all our scholars
    2. tutto scoláro
    1. for the time to come.
    2. all’avveníre.
    1. The lion
    2. leóne
    1. is accounted
    2. passáre per
    1. the most generous of animals,
    2. generóso animale
    1. because
    2. perchè
    1. he is more placable
    2. placábile
    1. than the others.
    2. altro.
    1. The sanguinary minds
    2. sanguinário animo
    1. of some men
    2. uómo
    1. are more barbarous
    2. éssere barbaro
    1. than wild beasts.
    2. fíera
    1. Man is a creature
    2. Uómo creatúra
    1. of upright body:
    2. dritto corpo
    1. when he is old,
    2. quando vécchio
    1. his body bends
    2. corpo inchinársi
    1. towards the earth;
    2. verso terra
    1. and his soul ascends
    2. ánima ascéndere
    1. to heaven,
    2. ciélo
    1. which is his habitation
    1. for ever.
    2. dimóra.
    1. How are you
    2. come stare
    1. this morning?
    2. mattína?
    1. I am very well,
    2. stare beníssimo
    1. thank you.
    2. grazie.
    1. How do your
    2. [1]stare
    1. father
    2. padre
    1. and mother
    2. madre
    1. do?
    1. I hope
    2. speráre
    1. my father is well.
    2. padre stare bene
    1. He was well
    1. the last time
    2. último volta
    1. I saw him,
    2. vedére
    1. but my mother
    2. ma madre
    1. has not been well
    2. éssere stato bene
    1. these two or three days.
    2. [2]due tre giórno
    1. And how are you, sir?
    2. stare signóre?
    1. I should be well enough,
    2. stare ene abbastanza
    1. if I had money.
    2. [3]se avére danáro.
    1. I hope
    2. speráre
    1. your lady is well.
    2. signóra stare bene.
    1. She is perfectly well,
    2. stare perfettaménte bene
    1. at your service.
    2. servízio.
    1. I am very glad
    2. rallegrársi
    1. to hear
    2. sentíre
    1. she is so well.
    2. stare così bene.
    1. What weather is it
    2. [4] tempo fare
    1. to-day,
    2. oggi
    1. I wish to know?
    2. [5]volére sapére?
    1. It is
    1. the finest
    2. bello
    1. weather in
    1. the world.
    2. mondo.
    1. Is it hotter
    2. fare caldo
    1. in Spain
    2. Spagna
    1. than in Italy?
    2. Itália?
    1. It is hotter
    2. fare
    1. there
    1. in summer,
    2. estáte
    1. but it is very cold
    2. ma fare freddo
    1. in winter.
    2. inverno.
    1. If
    1. it is fine weather
    2. fare bello tempo
    1. to-morrow,
    2. dománi
    1. we will go
    2. andáre
    1. in the country.
    2. campágna.
    1. I believe
    2. crédere
    1. it will not be fine weather,
    2. fare bello tempo
    1. for
    2. perchè
    1. it is very
    1. dark
    2. oscúro
    1. to-night.
    2. questa séra.

[1] When we inquire after any one’s health, we make use of the verb stare, instead of fare.

[2] These two or three days, i. e. da due o tre giorni in quà.

[3] If I had money, Se avessi danari, and not avevo.

[4] When we speak of the weather, we use the third person singular of the verb fare, instead of the verb éssere.

[5] Use the optative mood, and say, vorrei.

Personal Verbs governing a Genitive Case.

The Verb aver pietà governs the Genitive.

    1. I have no pity
    2. avére pietà
    1. on the misery
    2. della miséria
    1. of those, who
    1. being young and strong,
    2. éssere gióvine forte
    1. love better
    2. amáre
    1. to beg
    2. accattáre
    1. from door to
    2. porta
    1. door,
    1. than to work
    2. in che lavoráre
    1. for their bread;
    2. per guadagnarsi pane
    1. but I pity much
    2. ma avére pietà
    1. the blind,
    2. ciéco
    1. and old people,
    2. i vecchi
    1. who are incapable
    2. éssere incapáce
    1. of doing any thing for
    2. fare alcuna cosa
    1. their living.
    2. vitto.
    1. I pity my brother,
    2. avére pietà fratéllo
    1. I pity
    1. his folly,
    2. pazzia
    1. for he has wasted
    2. perchè dilapidáre
    1. all the fortune
    2. tutto patrimonio
    1. my father left him.
    2. padre lasciáre.

The verb burlarsi governs the Genitive.

    1. Men are
    2. uómo éssere
    1. often inclined
    2. spesso inclináto
    1. to laugh at
    2. burlársi
    1. others’ misfortunes,
    2. di altri disgrázia
    1. instead of
    2. in vece di
    1. having pity on them.
    2. avére pietà.
    1. Those who
    2. quello che
    1. call themselves Christians,
    2. chiamársi Cristiáno
    1. and do not live
    2. non vívere
    1. according to their religion,
    2. secóndo religióne
    1. mock God
    2. burlársi Iddío
    1. and his doctrine.
    2. dottrína.
    1. Do not jeer at
    2. burlársi
    1. others’ poverty,
    2. altro povertà
    1. for you do not know
    2. non sapére
    1. how long
    2. quanto tempo
    1. fortune will be favourable
    2. fortúna éssere favorévole
    1. to you;
    1. and if
    2. e se
    1. you should become poor,
    2. diventáre póvero
    1. every one
    2. ognúno
    1. would laugh at you.
    2. rídersi di.
    1. It is
    2. éssere
    1. a great mark of folly
    2. grande segno pazzía
    1. to laugh
    2. ridére
    1. at every thing.
    2. di tutto.

The verb pentirsi governs the Genitive.

    1. If you repent sincerely
    2. se pentírsi sinceraménte
    1. for the fault
    2. colpa
    1. you have committed,
    2. avére commésso
    1. God will forgive you;
    2. Iddío perdonáre
    1. for he does not
    2. perchè
    1. love
    2. amáre
    1. the death of a sinner,
    2. morte peccátore
    1. but he will have him
    2. volére
    1. to repent of his sins.
    2. pentírsi peccáto.
    1. It is not enough
    2. non bastáre
    1. to say,
    2. dire
    1. I repent of my ill conduct,
    2. pentírsi cattívo condótta
    1. and of my bad life,
    2. mala vita
    1. if you do not shew
    2. se mostráre
    1. the effects
    2. effétto
    1. of your repentance
    2. pentiménto
    1. by a new
    2. nuóvo
    1. and better life.
    2. migliór vita.

The verb rallegrarsi governs the Genitive.

    1. A good Christian
    2. buóno Cristiáno
    1. ought never
    2. dovére mai
    1. to rejoice at
    2. rallegrársi
    1. others’ misfortunes.
    2. altro disgrázia.
    1. I rejoice at
    2. rallegrársi
    1. the good success
    2. buóno riuscíta
    1. you had
    2. avére
    1. in your business.
    2. affare.
    1. Come and rejoice
    2. veníre
    1. with me
    2. meco
    1. at the good news
    2. buóno nuóva
    1. I received
    2. ricévere
    1. to-day.
    2. oggi.
    1. How will you have me
    2. come volére
    1. rejoice at
    2. rallegrársi
    1. a thing
    2. cosa
    1. I do not know?
    2. non sapére?
    1. Tell me
    2. dire
    1. first of all
    2. avanti ogni cosa
    1. what news
    2. nuóva
    1. I must rejoice at.
    2. dovére rallegrársi.

The verb ricordársi governs the Genitive.

    1. Do you remember
    2. ricordársi
    1. the promise
    2. proméssa
    1. you made me
    2. fare
    1. yesterday?
    2. jéri?
    1. I do not remember it
    2. non ricordársi
    1. at all.
    2. affatto
    1. Do you not remember
    1. the sum of money
    2. somma danáro
    1. you said
    2. dire
    1. you would lend me?
    2. prestáre?
    1. I assure you
    2. assicuráre
    1. I had forgotten it,
    2. avére scordáto
    1. I remember it
    2. ricordársi
    1. very well
    2. beníssimo
    1. now.
    2. adésso.

The verb languíre requires a Genitive case.

    1. He who languishes
    2. quello languíre
    1. with thirst,
    2. di sete
    1. gives greater thanks
    2. réndere grande grázia
    1. to the man who
    1. offers him water,
    2. offeríre acqua
    1. than if a prince
    2. che se príncipe
    1. gave him a crown.
    2. dare coróna.
    1. The man who
    2. uómo
    1. languishes
    2. languíre
    1. for love
    2. amóre
    1. ought to be pitied.
    2. dovére compiánto.

The verbs obbedíre and disobbedíre require a Dative.