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Facts and Speculations on the Origin and History of Playing Cards

Chapter 15: INDEX.
By William Andrew Chatto
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About This Book

A detailed historical survey traces the development and spread of playing cards from probable eastern origins to their adoption and adaptation in Europe, comparing regional forms, suit marks, and court-card types. It assesses competing theories about names and emblematic meanings, documents chronological examples and engraved plates, and outlines changes in manufacture, design, and popular usage. The work also reviews moral and legal attitudes toward card-playing, cites prior authorities and critics, and supplies extensive illustrations and an appendix to support its descriptive and evidential claims.

No. 1.

List of the Specimens of Cards given in the 'Jeux de Cartes Tarots et de Cartes Numérales, du Quatorzième au Dix-huitième Siècle;' published by the Society of Bibliophiles Français, Paris, 1844.

1. Seventeen cards, ascribed to Gringonneur, from the originals in the Bibliothèque du Roi.

2. Ten cards, from the originals engraved on wood and coloured, in the Bibliothèque du Roi. Supposed date, 1425.

3. Cards, from the originals engraved on wood, in the possession of Mons. Hémuville. Supposed date, 1440.

4. Copies of the set of fifty old Italian engravings, usually called Tarocchi. Supposed date, 1470.

5. Ten plates, containing a set of fifty-two circular cards, with the mark T. W., and having Hares, Parroquets, Pinks, and Columbines as the marks of the suits. Supposed date, 1477.

6. Four cards of a pack engraved on copper at Venice in 1491.

7. Ten plates, containing forty cards, with Human Figures, Bears and Lions, Deer, and Birds as the marks of the suits. From the originals, ascribed to the "Master of 1466," formerly in the possession of Mr. T. Wilson, but now in the Bibliothèque du Roi.

8. Four plates, containing thirty-six cards of a German pack of fifty-two, engraved on wood, of the date 1511.

9. A plate, containing sixteen Portuguese cards, of the date 1693.

10. A plate, containing twelve French cards, engraved by Vincent Goyraud, of the time of Henry IV.

11. A plate, containing sixteen French cards, of the time of Louis XIII.

12. A plate, containing twelve cards of a Republican pack, engraved in France about 1793.

13. A plate, containing twelve cards of another Republican pack, engraved in France about the same period as the preceding.

The originals of all the specimens, with the exception of those mentioned under No. 3, are preserved in the Bibliothèque du Roi.

No. 2.

A List of the principal Works either directly relating to Cards, or incidentally treating of the Game. From the 'Jeux de Cartes Tarots et de Cartes Numérales,' with many additions.

Le Ménagier de Paris: traité de morale et d'économie domestique, composé, vers 1393, par un Bourgeois Parisien. Publié pour la première fois par la Société des Bibliophiles Français. 8vo, Paris, 1848.

Ingold, Das Güldin Spil. Folio, Augsburg, 1472.

Baptista Platina, de Honesta Voluptate. 4to, Venice, 1475.

Galeottus Martius, de Doctrina promiscua. About 1490.

R. Maphei Volaterrani Commentaria Urbana. 1506.

Logica Memorativa: Chartiludium logice, auctore Thoma Murner. 4to, Cracoviæ, 1507. Strasburg, 1509. Reprinted at Paris. 8vo, 1629.

Philesii Vosgesigenæ Grammatica figurata. 4to, 1509.

Speculum Fatuorum, auctore Joanne Geiler de Kiesersberg, concionatore Argentorense. Sect. lxxvii, Lusorum turba. 4to, Strasburg, 1511.

Chartiludium institute summarie, vel institutiones Justiniani; doctore Thoma Murner, memorante et ludente. 4to, Argentinæ, 1518.

Dialogi omnes Hadriani Barlandi. 8vo, Paris, 1542.

Ludus Chartarum, Dialogus, auctore Ludovico Vives. 1545.

Raggionamiento del divino Pietro Aretino, nel quale si parla del giuoco, con moralità piacevole. 8vo, about 1545. Reprinted in 1589 and 1651.

Le Mépris et le Contemnement de tous les Jeux de Sort, par Ol. Gouyn. 8vo, Paris, 1550.

Cento Giuochi liberali e d'ingegno, da Innocentio Ringhieri ritrovati. 4to, Bologna, 1551.

Satyra invectiva contra los Tahures: en que se declaran los daños? que al cuerpo, y al alma, y la hazienda se siguen del juego de los naypes. (Por Diego del Castillo.) 12mo, Sevilla, 1557.

Pascasius Justus, de Alea. About 1560. Reprinted in 4to, with a large Appendix on the subject of gaming, selected from various authors, by Joannes a Munster, at Neustadt, in the diocese of Spires, 1617.

Hieronymi Cardani Lib. de ludo Aleæ. About 1560.

John Northbrooke's Treatise against Dicing, Dancing, Plays, and other Idle Pastimes, 1577. Reprinted by the Shakspeare Society, 1843.

Liber de Alea, ou breve Remontrance sur les Jeux de Cartes et de Dés, par Lambert Daneau. Small 8vo, Paris, 1579.

Philip Stubbes's Anatomy of Abuses. 12mo, 1583.

Reginald Scott's Discovery of Witchcraft. 4to, 1584.

Le Triomphe du Berlan, par J. Perrache. 8vo, Paris, 1585.

Del Giuoco; Discorso del R. Padre M. Tommaso Buoninsegni. 4to, Florence, 1585.

A Short and Plain Dialogue concerning the Unlawfulness of Playing at Cards or Tables. By James Balmford. First edition, 1593. Reprinted in 1607.

Les Tromperies et Piperies du Jeu, ou la Mort aux Pipeurs. 12mo, Paris, 1608.

The Four Knaves, a series of Satirical Tracts. By Samuel Rowlands, 1611-13. Reprinted by the Percy Society, 1843.

Commentarius contra Ludum Alearum, Chartarum scilicet ac Taxillorum; a Fratre Angelo Roccha, episcopo Tagastensi. 4to, Rome, 1616.

On the Nature and Use of Lots. By Thomas Gataker, B.D. 4to, London, 1619. Second edition, 1627.

Académie des Jeux. 12mo, Paris, 1659. Numerous enlarged editions of this work have been published.

And. Senftlebius, de Alea veterum, p. 137-8. 8vo, Leipsic, 1667.

The Compleat Gamester. By Charles Cotton. 12mo, London, 1674.

Der Gelehrte und Bekehrte Spieler: das ist ein annehmliches Tractätlein, darinnen zwey Jüdische Studenten scharffsinnig disputiren, Was vom Spiel zu halten sey? Ins Deutsche übersetzet von P. A. Christian. 12mo, Leipzig, 1683. The first edition of the original Hebrew appears to have been printed at Venice about 1615. A second edition was printed at Leyden about 1660.

Traité des Jeux et des Divertissemens, par M. Jean Baptiste Thiers, Docteur en Théologie. 12mo, Paris, 1686.

Parallèle entre la Jurisprudence espagnole et celle de France, relativement aux Jeux de Cartes, par Lucio Marinero Siculo, 1686.

Elenchus quorumdam eorum qui de ludis scripserunt, et de ludis orientalibus; auctore Thoma Hyde. 12mo, Oxford, 1694.

Réflexions sur ce que l'on appelle Bonheur et Malheur en matière de Loteries (Par J. Le Clerc.) 12mo, Amsterdam, 1696.

Bibliothèque instructive et curieuse, par le Père Menestrier. 12mo, Trévoux, 1704.

Essai d'Analyse sur les Jeux de Hasard (cartes, dés, tric-trac). Fig. de Seb. Leclerc. 4to, Paris, 1708.

Traité du Jeu, où l'on examine les principales Questions de Droit naturel et de Morale qui ont rapport à cette matière, par Jean Barbeyrac. 16mo, Amsterdam, 1710. Seconde edition, revue et augmentée, 1738.

An Essay upon Gaming, in a Dialogue between Callimachus and Dolomedes. By Jeremy Collier. A.M. 8vo, London, 1713.

Memoirs of the Lives, Intrigues, and Comical Adventures of the most Famous Gamesters and Celebrated Sharpers in the reigns of Charles II, James II, William III, and Queen Anne. By Theophilus Lucas, Esq. 12mo, 1714.

The Court Gamester: or full and easy instructions for playing the Games now in vogue. By Richard Seymour, Esq. 12mo, second edition, London, 1720.

Dissertation sur l'Origine du Jeu de Piquet, par le Père Daniel, extraite du Journal de Trévoux, Mai, 1720.

A View of the Antique Laws against Immorality and Profaneness. By the Rev. John Disney, A.M. Folio, London, 1729.

A Short Treatise on the Game of Whist. By Edmond Hoyle, Gent. 12mo, first published about 1737.

Istoria della Citta di Viterbo, da Feliciano Bussi. Folio, Rome, 1740. This work contains the extract from Covelluzzo, relating to the introduction of cards into Viterbo, in 1379, first pointed out by M. C. Leber.

The Humours of Whist; a Dramatic Satire: as acted every day at White's, and other Coffee-houses and Assemblies. 8vo, London, 1743.

A Letter to a Lady on Card-playing on the Lord's Day. 8vo, London, 1748.

Longuerana. Tom. i, p. 408. 12mo, Berlin, 1754.

Recherches sur les Cartes à jouer, par Bullet. 12mo, Lyon, 1757.

H. J. Clodii Bibliotheca Lusoria, sive Notitia Scriptorum de Ludis. 8vo, 1761.

Meerman, Origines Typographicæ. Vol. I. 4to, 1765.

Traité historique et pratique de la Gravure en Bois, par J. M. Papillon. Tom. i, p. 80. 8vo, Paris, 1766.

Burgh on the Dignity of Human Nature. Vol. II, p. 164-6. 8vo, 1767.

Coutumes d'Italie, par Baretti. Vol. II. London, 1768.

Encyclopédie des Arts et Métiers (Art du Cartier), par Duhamel du Monceau. 4to, 1771-76.

Idée générale d'une Collection d'Estampes, par le Baron de Heineken. 8vo, Leipsic, 1771.

Recueil des Actes sur la Régie du Droit des Cartes. 4to, Paris, 1771.

Il Giuoco del Carte, da Saverio Bettinelli. 8vo, Cremona, 1775.

C. G. Von Murr, Journal zur Kunstgeschichte, 2ter Theil, s. 89-92; 98; 200. 12mo, Nuremberg, 1776.

Explication du Jeu des Cartes, anecdote curieuse sous le nom de Louis Bras-de-fer. 12mo, 1778. The original of the story of the soldier who used a pack of cards for his prayer-book.

Sur la Passion du Jeu, par Dusaulx. 8vo, Paris, 1779. Mons. Peignot says that this work seems to have produced but little effect; for in the following year a counsellor of parliament, M. Bergeret de Frouville, lost at one sitting 27,000 louis.

Eclaircissements sur l'Invention des Cartes à jouer, par l'Abbé Rive. 12mo, Paris, 1780.

Le Monde primitif, par Court de Gebelin, tom. viii, pp. 365-418. 4to, Paris, 1781.

Versuch den Ursprung der Spielkarten zu erforschen. Von J. G. I. Breitkopf. 4to, Leipsic, 1784.

A Dissertation on the pernicious effects of Gaming. By Richard Hey, LL.D. 8vo, Cambridge, 1784.

Archæologia, vol. viii. Dissertations on the History of Playing Cards, by Barrington, Bowle, and Gough. 4to, London, 1787. In Vol. XV of the same work there is an Account of the Italian game of Minchiate.

Whist: a Poem, in twelve cantos. By Alex. Thomson, Esq. 12mo, second edition, London, 1792.

Leçons sur l'Histoire universelle, depuis le commencement du XVIe Siècle par M. Fant, Professeur à l'Université d'Upsal, 1780-93. In this work the author speaks of the engraving of cards as having led to the invention of printing.

Decret de la Convention, dite Nationale de France, du 22 Octobre, 1793, qui enjoint aux municipalités Françaises de purger les cartes à jouer de tous les emblèmes de la royauté et de la féodalité.

Materiali per servire all' Storie dell' Origine e de' Progressi dell' Incisioue in Rame e in Legno, col. da Pietro Zani, pp. 78-81, et 149-93. 8vo, Parma, 1802.

The Monthly Repository of Theology and General Literature. Vol. I, pp. 534, 644-50. On the Propriety of Dissenting Ministers playing at Cards. 8vo, 1806.

Essai sur l'Origine de la Gravure en Bois et en Taille-douce, par Henri Jansen. 8vo, Paris, 1808.

Le Peintre-Graveur, par Adam Bartsch, tom. x, pp. 70-120, et tom. xiii, pp. 120-38. 8vo, Vienna, 1812.

Aperçu du Jeu des Tarots, ou Jeu de la Vie, &c., par Durand. 12mo, Metz, 1813.

Hindostanee Cards. In the Calcutta Magazine, vol. ii. 8vo, Calcutta, 1815.

Researches into the History of Playing Cards; with Illustrations of the Origin of Printing and Engraving on Wood. By Samuel Weller Singer. 4to, London, 1816.

Mélanges d'Origines étymologiques et de Questions grammaticales, par Eloi Johanneau. P. 35, Sur l'Origine étymologique du Nom Espagnol et Italien des Cartes à jouer. 8vo, Paris, 1818.

The Gaming Calendar, to which are added the Annals of Gaming. By Seymour Harcourt, Esq. 12mo, third edition, London, 1820.

Geschichte der Holzschneidekunst; nebst zwei Beilagen enthaltend den Ursprung der Spielkarten und ein Verzeichness der samt xylographischen Werke, von Joseph Heller. 8vo, Bamberg, 1823.

Analyse critique et raisonnée de toutes les Recherches publiées jusqu'à ce jour sur l'Origine des Cartes à jouer, par G. Peignot (à la suite de ses Recherches sur les Danses de Mort.) 8vo, Dijon, 1826.

Catalogue raisonné of the select collection of engravings of an Amateur, (Mr. T. Wilson) pp. 87-91. 4to, London, 1828.

Manuel du Cartonnier, du Cartier, et du Fabricant de Cartonnages. Par M. Lebrun, pp. 189-237. 16mo, Paris, 1830.

Memorie spettanti alla storià délia Calcografia, dal conte Leopold Cicognara. 8vo, Prata, 1831.

Origine Française de la Boussole et des Cartesà jouer, par Rey. 8vo, Paris, 1836.

Observations sur les Cartes à jouer, par M. Duchesne ainé, extraites de l'Annuaire Historique pour 1837. 12mo, Paris, 1836.

Gaming, and the Gaming Houses of London and Paris, or Les Maisons des Jeux dévoilées. By Scrutator. 8vo, London, 1836.

A Treatise on Wood Engraving. (By Wm. A. Chatto.) P. 52-9. Royal 8vo. Published by Charles Knight and Co., London, 1839.—Copies of this work without the Third Preface are incomplete.

Catalogue des livres, dessins, cartes, etc., de M. C. Leber. 8vo, Paris, 1839. The list of works on cards, and of old cards collected by Mons. Leber, is in tom. i, p. 240 et seq.

Etudes historiques sur les Cartes à jouer, principalement sur les Cartes Françaises. Par M. C. Leber. Extrait du tome xvi des Mémoires de la Société Royale des Antiquaires de France. 8vo, Paris, 1842.

Notice Bibliographique sur les Cartes à jouer. 8vo, Paris, 1842.—A Translation from the 'Lehrbuch einer Literargeschichte der berühmtesten Volker des Mittelalters.' Von J. G. T. Grasse, Dresden, 1842, with additions, by Brunet, the younger.

Dictionnaire historique des Mœurs des Français, par La Chesnaye des Bois. Tom. i, p. 374.

Whist. By B. E. Pote. In the Foreign Quarterly Review, No. 48.

On the Costume of Coat Cards. By John Adey Repton. In the 'Gentleman's Magazine' for November, 1843.

Sur d'anciennes Cartes à jouer, par M. le Baron de Reiffenberg. Dans le Bulletin de l'Académie Royale des Sciences et des Beaux-arts de Bruxelles. No. 10, 1847.

Bibliotheca Antiquaria Fabricii.

Vindiciæ typographicæ, auctore Schœpflin.

Dissertation sur l'Origine et le Progrès de la Gravure en Bois, par Fournier.

Mémoire sur l'Origine de l'Imprimerie, par De Vigny.

Essais sur Paris, par Saint-Foix.

Traité de la Police, par De la Marre.

INDEX.

  • Act of Parliament, of 1463, prohibiting the importation of cards, 96.—Acts to protect gamesters who play on credit, 147; the reason of their partial repeal, 148.
  • Advice to professional card-players, 270.
  • Alea, a general term for play; supposed to include cards, 61.
  • Almanac, Cotta's card, 259; the Perpetual, or Gentleman-Soldier's Prayer Book, 321.
  • Amadeus VIII, Duke of Savoy, forbids gaming in 1430, 80.
  • Ames, William, 129; preaches against cards and dice at Cambridge in 1610, 281.
  • Amman, Jost, his designs in a book of trades, 84; cards of his designing, 238.
  • Anderson's History of Commerce, 96.
  • —— Christopher, Annals of the English Bible, 109, 112.
  • —— R., Ballads in the Cumberland dialect, 185.
  • Anson, Lord, the circumnavigator, caricatured as a gamester, 181.
  • Anstis's History of the Garter, 18.
  • Arabian Nights, cards not mentioned in, 46.
  • Aretine, Pietro, his Carte Parlanti, 194, 207.
  • Assembly-rooms devoted to dancing and cards, 185.
  • Astragali, 11.
  • Avatars of Vichnou, 38.
  • Bacon, Lord, his inquisitive spirit excited when a boy by a juggling trick with cards, 118.
  • Baker's chronicle, 108.
  • Baker and Co.'s eclectic cards, 261.
  • Bale, John, uses the word Jack-a-Naipes, 233.
  • Balmford's, James, tract concerning the unlawfulness of games of hazard, 129, 279.
  • Barbeyrac's Traité du Jeu, extracts from, 282-94, 310.
  • Barrington's, the Hon. D., Observations on the Antiquity of Card-playing in England, 18, 46, 65, 107, 132, 145, 160.
  • Barrois, J., on the proper meaning of the name Gringonneur, 76.
  • Bartsch's Peintre-Graveur, 200, 223.
  • Basset, prohibited by Louis XIV, 147.
  • Battle of the Reed Swire, 113.
  • Bells, an ornament of dress, 240.—Leber's researches on the subject, 240-5.
  • Bernardin, St., his address to the citizens of Bologna, 90.
  • Bibliophiles Français, specimens of cards published by, 190, 201, 236, 250-3.
  • Blacksmith's coat of arms, 6.
  • Bonds, voluntary, to abstain from gaming, 79.
  • Bras-de-fer, his moral exposition of a pack of cards, 320, 324.
  • Brietkopf's Inquiry into the Origin of Playing Cards, 7, 26, 225, 227, 239.
  • Briefe, the German name for cards, 26.
  • Briefmaler, 84.
  • Brunet, the younger, his note prefixed to a 'Notice Bibliographique sur les Cartes à jouer,' 100, 326.
  • Bullet's Recherches Historiques sur les Cartes à jouer, 27-8.
  • Buoninsegni's, Father Thomas, Discorso del Giuoco, 90.
  • Bussi's History of Viterbo, 23, 73.
  • Cabinet du Roi de France, cited, 111.
  • Capability of cards as a subject of disquisition, 2.
  • Capistran, John, his discourse against gaming at Nuremberg in 1452, 91.
  • Card-playing at Bologna in 1423, 90.
  • —— in Germany in the fifteenth century, 92.
  • Card-playing common in England as a Christmas game about 1484, 97.
  • —— in Scotland, 98, 110, 113.
  • —— at Rhodes in 1498, 99-100.
  • —— in Ireland and Spain, about 1590, 114-15.
  • —— in the reign of James I, 125.
  • —— in the reign of Charles II, 146-9.
  • —— in the reign of Queen Anne, 165.
  • —— in the reign of George II, 170-80.
  • —— in the reign of George III, 186.
  • Cards.—Hindostanee, 32-50.
  • —— Chinese, 55-9.
  • —— old stencilled, in the British Museum, 88.
  • —— Heraldic, 150. Historical, 153. Mathematical, 155. For carving, 156. Satirical, 157-9.
  • —— old painted, ascribed to Gringonneur, 195-8.
  • —— Dr. Stukeley's, 205.
  • —— old French, 211, 214.
  • —— old German, engraved on copper, 220-6.
  • —— engraved on copper, ascribed to Israel van Mecken, 226.
  • —— German, engraved on wood, 1511, 236.
  • —— French, of the time of Henry IV, 250.
  • —— Portuguese, of the date 1693, 251.
  • —— French Republican, 253-6.
  • —— American, 256.
  • Caricatures in the reign of George II, 181.
  • Cartas (Epistolæ) from Carthage, 26.
  • Cartes, chartæ, cards, probable etymology of, 20, 22.
  • Carving, cards teaching the art, 156.
  • Castillo's, Diego del, Satyra contra los Tahures, 115.
  • Catharine of Arragon, wife of Henry VIII, a card-player, 107.
  • Cervantes' Comical History of Rinconete and Cortadillo, 115.
  • Charta, paper, probable etymology of, 24.
  • Chaturanga, the Hindostanee name for chess, 16.
  • Cheating at cards, trial on the subject, 296.
  • Chess, said to have been invented by an Indian, 13.
  • Chesterfield, the Earl of, a card-player, 173.
  • Chinese cards, 55-9.
  • Christie, James, his inquiry into an ancient Greek game, 13.
  • Clubs for gaming, 170.
  • Cole's, Dr. loss of his commission, 327.
  • Collier, Jeremy, on gaming, 312.
  • Colours of the ground of the Hindostanee cards, 17, 35, 36, 37.
  • Comedy devised on the game of cards, 122.
  • Controversy on the lawfulness of playing at cards and other games of chance, 128, 279.
  • Cook's, Aurelian, Titus Britannicus, 145.
  • Cotta's Card Almanacs, 259.
  • Cotton's Complete Gamester, 159.
  • Counting and guessing, 11.
  • Covelluzzo's account of the introduction of cards into Viterbo, 23, 73.
  • Cuffe, secretary to the Earl of Essex, his fortunes told by cards, 119.
  • Curse of Scotland, 266-8.
  • Cyprian, St., his treatise, de Aleatoribus, 61, 290.
  • Daniel's, Père, Origine du Jeu de Piquet, 4, 209, 265.
  • Dictionary of the Spanish Academy; its sanction of a conundrum as an etymology of Naipes, 23.
  • Dominotiers, an old name for engravers and colourers of woodcuts, 87.
  • Ducange's glossaries, 63, 99.
  • Duchesne's, Observations sur les Cartes à jouer, and Précis Historique, 65, 99, 189, 204, 206, 210, 225.
  • Dunbar's, Wm., poems, 110; Valet of cards, 234.
  • Dutch names of the suits of cards, 230.
  • Elizabeth, Queen, a card-player, 120.
  • Engravings, a series of, improperly called Tarocchi cards, 199-204.
  • Epitaph on Beau Nash, 173; on a noble gambler, 297.
  • Equity, natural, how to be enforced in games of hazard, 287.
  • Evelyn's Memoirs, 146.
  • Exchequer, derivation of the word, 16, 21.
  • Fante, the Italian name for the Knave of cards, 229.
  • Fierge, the Pherz of Persian chess, 14.
  • Fleur-de-lis, on coat cards, and in the compass, 7.
  • Foreign Quarterly Review, article on Whist, 36.
  • Formschneider, a wood-engraver, as distinguished from a card-painter, 83.
  • Forret, Thomas, his objections to the manner in which many of the Scottish clergy, about 1539, spent their tithes, 111-12.
  • Fortune, the gambler's goddess, 11.
  • Fortune-telling by cards, 116-19.
  • Four Kings, a name given to cards, 19.
  • Franklin, Dr., his definition of man, 1.
  • Freret on the origin of chess, 14.
  • Furny card, explained, 109.
  • Game, the first played at, 9.
  • Games at cards in 1709, 159. Before the time of Charles II, 160.
  • Games, various, enumerated by Taylor, the water-poet, 163.
  • Games, three different species of, 294.
  • Gaming, excessive, of the French clergy, about 1580, 111.
  • Gammer Gurton's Needle, cards mentioned in, 109.
  • Gataker, Thos. B. D., on Lots, 129, 279.
  • Gebelin, Court de, finds in cards an abstract of Egyptian learning, 5; his explanation of the word Tarocchi, 189.
  • Geiler, John, his remarks on card-playing about 1508, 100.
  • Geographical cards, 150.
  • German cards, names of the suits, 228.
  • Gittern, guitar, derivation of the word, 25.
  • Goethe's Götz von Berlichingen, 61.
  • Gough's Observations on the Invention of Cards, 22.
  • Goyraud, Vincent, a French card-manufacturer, of the time of Henry IV, 249.
  • Grace's card, 266.
  • Gregory, Dr., reply of, respecting cards, 77.
  • Gringonneur, Jac., paints cards in 1393, 76.
  • Guevara's epistles translated into French by Gutery, 66.
  • Guilleville's, William de, Pelerinaige de l'Homme, 69.
  • Güldin Spil, 74.
  • Gungefu, the name for cards among the Moslems, in Hindostan, 41.
  • Heineken's Idée générale d'une Collection d'Estampes, 15, 27, 82, 228.
  • Helgen, a name given to woodcuts in Suabia, 87.
  • Heller's History of Wood-engraving cited, 91, 93.
  • Henry VII, a card-player, 98.
  • Henry VIII, Act of Parliament against card-playing, 108.
  • Henry, Prince of Wales, son of James I, a card-player, 125.
  • Heraldic cards, 150-2.
  • Herrera relates that Montezuma took pleasure in seeing the Spanish soldiers play at cards, 106.
  • Hieroglyphics, 6.
  • Hindostanee cards, 33-52.
  • Historical cards, relating to the Popish plot, and the death of Sir E. Godfrey, 153-5.
  • Homer, his notice of the games of Petteia and Astragali, 12.
  • Houbigant's Cartes Royales, 257.
  • Hoyle, Edmond, his treatise on Whist, 162, 170.
  • Hume, David, apostrophised as a whist-player, 160.
  • Hycke-Scorner, cards mentioned in, 108.
  • Hyde, Dr. T., De ludis orientalibus, 16, 265.
  • Ingilby, Sir Wm., his examination on the trial, Lord De Ros versus Cumming, 295.
  • Ingold, a Dominican friar, author of the Güldin Spil, 74.
  • Injunctions to the clergy, 1559, against card-playing, 121.
  • Interpolations of the word Cartes, in old MSS., 67-71.
  • Isis, the horned, the original of the Virgin with the crescent on her head, 5.
  • Italian names of the suits of French cards, 207.
  • Jackanapes, the probable etymology of the word, 231-5.
  • Jack at Warts—Jack o'Hearts, 235.
  • James IV of Scotland a card-player, 98.
  • James I of England a card-player, 126.
  • Jansen's Essai sur l'Origine de la Gravure, 67.
  • Jeux de Cartes, Barrington's opinion of the signification of the term, 78.
  • Johanneau, Eloi, on the etymology of Naipes, and the invention of cards, 27-30.
  • Johnson, Dr. Samuel, his opinion of card-playing, 302.
  • Jones, Sir Wm., on Chess, 15-17.
  • Jonson, Ben, his device for Abel Drugger's sign, 6.
  • Juggling tricks with cards, 118.
  • Junius, F., his explanation of the word Quartes, 22.
  • Justus, Pascasius, his work on gaming, 115, 174, 271.
  • Kartenmacher at Augsburg in 1418, 81; at Ulm, 82.
  • Knave, the original meaning of the word, 231.
  • Lassale, Antoine de, author of the Chronicle of Jehan de Saintré, 68.
  • Latrunculi, 12.
  • Leber's, M. C., Etudes Historiques sur les Cartes à Jouer, 8, 23, 73, 85, 103, 132, 155, 211-13, 217, 220, 240-9.
  • Le Normand, Mlle., the Parisian fortune-teller, 324.
  • Leo X, a trick of his at cards, 174.
  • List of specimens of cards published by the Society of Bibliophiles Français, Appendix, No. 1, 331.
  • List of works relating to cards, Appendix, No. 2, 334.
  • Locke, John, his opinion of card-playing, 302.
  • Lookup, the gamester, 173-6.
  • Loyola, St. Ignatius, wins, miraculously, at billiards, 292.
  • Lusty Juventus, cards mentioned in, 108.
  • Lyly, John, represents Cupid and Campaspe playing at cards, 123.
  • Lyndsay, Sir David, satirises the card-playing of the clergy in Scotland, about 1535, 110.
  • Machiavelli on Fortune, 10.
  • Madden's, Sir F., Privy-purse Expenses of the Princess Mary, daughter of Henry VIII, 109.
  • Magasin Pittoresque, article on cards in, 71.
  • Manners in the time of Charles II, 143; George II, 176.
  • Manufacture of cards, extensive in Germany about 1450, 82; at Venice, 1441,194; in England, 131, 166, 272.
  • Mappa, its ancient meaning, 29.
  • Margaret, daughter of Henry VII, found playing at cards by her affianced husband, James IV of Scotland, 98.
  • Marks of the suits of cards, 206.
  • Martius, Galeottus, speculates on the meaning of the marks of the suits, 93.
  • Mary, the Princess, daughter of Henry VIII, afterwards queen, a card-player, 109.
  • Mary, daughter of James II, afterwards queen, a card-player, 146.
  • Mazarine, Cardinal, played at cards when dying, 310.
  • Mecken, Israel van, cards supposed to be engraved by, 226.
  • Meerman's reference to the chronicle of Petit-Jehan de Saintré, 68.
  • Menestrier's, Père, Bibliothèque curieuse et instructive, 3, 76, 80, 151, 191.
  • Meré, the Chevalier de, submits certain questions to Pascal respecting chances at play, 157. [See the treatise on Probability, by Lubbock and Drinkwater, published by the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge, p. 12; 41-50.]
  • Merrels, the game of, 13.
  • Meursius, de Ludis Græcorum, 5.
  • Millin's description of the Marquis Girolamo's cards, 229.
  • Morelli's chronicle, 73.
  • Moxon's cards for carving, 156; astronomical cards, 157.
  • Murner's Chartiludium, or logical card-play, 101-5.
  • Murr's, C. G. von, Journal, 75, 81, 85, 133, 226.
  • "Murry neet," in Cumberland, 185.
  • Nabob, the meaning of the word, 22.
  • Naibi, and Naipes, speculations on the name as applied to cards, 22-9.
  • Names of the suits of Hindostanee cards, 41-2; of German, Spanish, Italian, and French cards, 228.
  • —— given to coat cards, 208, 211, 215.
  • —— of particular cards, 265-9.
  • Nash, Beau, his reign at Bath, 171.
  • Nine of Diamonds,—the Curse of Scotland, 266-8.
  • Noctes Ambrosianæ., extract from, relative to card-playing, 303.
  • Ombre, Barrington's conjecture as to the time of its introduction into England, 145.
  • —— Pope's description of, frequently praised, 167.
  • One-and-thirty, a popular game at cards in Ireland and Spain, 115.
  • Pair of Cards, the old name for a pack, 269.
  • Pam, the Knave of Clubs, 269.
  • Pamphlets with titles borrowed from the game of cards, 138.
  • Paris, Mons. Paulin, his collation of MSS. of Wm. de Guilleville's poem of the Pilgrimage of Man, 70; his conjectures respecting the name Valery on a Knave of cards, 218.
  • Parson, the, that loved gaming better than his eyes, 321.
  • Paston, Margery, mentions cards as a Christmas game, about 1484, 97.
  • Peignot's Analyse de Recherches sur les Cartes à jouer, 20, 69, 81, 253-6, 259, 265.
  • Pepin, Nicolas, said to be the inventor of cards, 23.
  • Pepys's Diary, 146.
  • Perlimpimpim, the by-name of an Italian juggler in 1622, 117.
  • Phaer's Book of Precedents, 121.
  • Picture cards in Cotta's Card Almanac, 259.
  • Piozzi, Mrs., refers to the game of the Four Kings, 20.
  • Piquet, the meaning of the game explained by Père Daniel, 209.
  • Platina, B., cards mentioned by, 93.
  • Pollux, Julius, his account of the game of Petteia, 13.
  • Pomegranate, a mark on cards, 226.
  • Poupart, C., pays Gringonneur for cards in 1393, 74.
  • Prayer-book, the soldier's, in a pack of cards, 321.
  • Prayers, playing for, 311.
  • Price of a pack of cards in the time of Roger Ascham, 133; in the reign of Queen Anne, 167.
  • Process of card-making at De La Rue and Co.'s, 272.
  • Prodigal, picture of a, 163.
  • Protestants of Ireland, in the reign of Queen Mary, how saved from persecution, 327.
  • Pulci's Morgante Maggiore—Re di Naibi, 234.
  • Quartes, 22.
  • Quatuor Reges, a game so called, mentioned in the wardrobe accounts of Edward I, 18, 64.
  • Queen, none in the earliest European cards, 15.
  • Quire, derivation of the word, 25.
  • Rabelais, translated by Urquhart, 19.
  • Rabbinical treatise against gaming, 316-20.
  • Reiffenberg, the Baron de, his account of a woodcut discovered at Malines, with the supposed date 1418, 86; mistakes the Spanish sota for a female, 229.
  • Rennell, Dr. Thomas, his sermon against gaining, 187.
  • Republican cards, 253-6.
  • Rey, M., on cards, 7.
  • Ringhieri's Cento Giuochi liberali, 53.
  • Rive's, the Abbé, Eclaircissements Historiques sur les Cartes à jouer, 20, 66.
  • Roccha, Angelus, Commentarius contra Ludum Alearum, 61.
  • Rogers represents the followers of Columbus playing at cards, 105.
  • Rowlands, Sam., his Knave of Hearts, and More Knaves yet, 134-7.
  • Roy's, William, satire on Cardinal Wolsey, 109.
  • Russia, great consumption of cards in, 272.
  • Sadler's, Sir Ralph, State Papers, 112.
  • Saint Foix's historical essays on Paris, 123.
  • Saintré, Petit-Jehan de, 68.
  • Sales, St. Francis de, a card-player when young, 309.
  • Sandro di Pipozzi, cards mentioned in a MS. work of his, 65.
  • Sarisberiensis, Joannes, 62.
  • Satirical cards, French, about 1819, 264.
  • Schön, Erhard, cards of his designing, 238.
  • Sciential and grammatical cards, 139-41.
  • Sex of the East India Company, 32.
  • Seymour's Court Gamester, 168.
  • Sheppard, W., his England's Balm, 141.
  • Sheridan's character of the East India Company, 32.
  • Shufflers, diplomatic, 181.
  • Singer's Researches into the History of Playing Cards, 7, 201, 223, 238.
  • Skelton's Bowghe of Court,—Card of Ten, 234.
  • Solis, Virgil, cards of his designing, 238.
  • Solme, Thomas, 'the Bushoppes poure thresshere,' uses the term Yack an napes, 233.
  • Sota, the Spanish name for the Knave of cards, 229.
  • South-sea bubble, cards ridiculing the speculators, 169.
  • Spata, a weapon figured in Baker and Co.'s eclectic cards, 261.
  • St. Christopher, woodcut of, with the date 1423, in Earl Spencer's collection, 86.
  • Stencilling, early cards executed by means of, 83.
  • Stephens, Henry, relates an anecdote of a losing gamester's swearing, 312.
  • Strutt's Sports and Pastimes, 107.
  • Stubbes, Philip, his opinion of playing at cards and other games, 124; on ruffs, 165.
  • Stukeley, Dr., old cards formerly belonging to, 205.
  • Suits of cards, names of, 228, 230.
  • Sunday, card-playing on, 146.
  • Sûr Mera, the title of a Rabbinical treatise against gaming, 317.
  • Swabbers, 161.
  • Swearing, a vice to which gamesters are prone, 311.
  • Tahures, a Spanish name for gamesters, etymology of the word, according to Diego del Castillo, 115, 116.
  • Taj, or Tas, a name for cards in Hindostan, 41.
  • Tali, 11.
  • Tarocchi, or Tarots, 190-5.
  • Tarotiers, French card-makers called by this name in 1594, 272.
  • Tax on cards, when first levied in England, 131.
  • Taylor, the water-poet, his picture of a prodigal, 163.
  • Taylor, Dr. Jeremy, on card-playing, 297-300.
  • Teniers, in a picture represents two soldiers playing at cards in the hall of the high priest, 123.
  • Terms used at the game of cards in Hindostan, 43.
  • Thiers, Dr. J. B., his Traité des Jeux, 80, 293, 309, 311.
  • Thimble-rig superseded by railway speculation, 101.
  • Toplady, the Rev. Augustus, on card-playing, 300.
  • Townshend, Lord George, caricatures ascribed to, 184.
  • Transformation of cards, 260.
  • Turner, Sharon, his derivation of the word jackanapes, 231.
  • T. W., the initials of the engraver of a pack of cards of the 15th century, 222.
  • Urquhart, Sir Thomas, his translation of Rabelais, 19.
  • Valery, a name on an old Knave of Hearts, 217.
  • Valet, the original meaning of the word, 231.
  • Vega, Garcilasso de la, his account of the Spanish soldiers manufacturing cards, 106.
  • Vichnou, incarnations of, in a pack of Hindostanee cards, 36-40.
  • Vierge, Fierge, Pherz, the queen at Chess, 15-21.
  • Visconti, Philip, Duke of Milan, cards painted for him, 230.
  • Volay, Jean, a French card manufacturer, 132.
  • Volpato, Mons., cards formerly belonging to, 221.
  • Ward, Samuel, preacher, of Ipswich, his Woe to Drunkards, 130.
  • Wesley, John, sometimes sought an answer by lot, 129: fond of whist when a young man, 301.
  • Whist, its relation to chess, 17.
  • ——, a game of English origin, 160-5.
  • White's coffee-house, 161-2; club at, 178.
  • Wilson, Mr. T., old cards engraved on copper, formerly belonging to, 224.
  • Wilson, Professor, on card-playing, in the 'Noctes Ambrosianæ,' 303-7.
  • Wood-engraving, the earliest with an authentic date, 85.
  • Worcester, council of, prohibitions in its canons, 62.
  • Wuruq, a leaf, the name for a card with the Moslems in Hindostan, 25.
  • Xavier, St. Francis, card-playing in the East in his time, 53; his lenity towards gamesters, 307.
  • Yack an napes, Jackanapes, Jack-a-Naipes, the Knave of cards, 233.
  • Zani, P. on the Pipozzi MS., 65.