Five Stages of Greek Religion

INDEX

• Achaioi, 45, 49
• Acropolis, 71, 72
• Aeschylus, [12:4], 43
• Affection, 104, 109
• Agesilaus, 86
• Agriculture, Religion in, 5 f.
• Alexander the Great, 92, 93, 94, 115, 159
• Allegory, in Hellenistic philosophy, 165 ff.;
• in Olympian religion, 74
• ἀλληλοφαγία, [98:1]
• Alpha and Omega, God as, 148
• Anaximander, [33:1]
• Angel = Megethos, 142;
• star, 144
• Animal sacrifice, 188 f.
• Anthesteria, 16-18, 34
• Anthister, [18:2]
• Anthropomorphism, 10 ff., 140
• Antigonus Gonatas, [152:1]
• Antiochus I, 144
• Anti-semitism, 162
• Antisthenes, 87, 89 f., 96
• Apathy, [103:1], 109
• Apellôn = Apollôn, 51
• Aphiktor, 28
• Aphrodite, 57
• Apollo, 50, 72
• Apotheosis of Hellenistic kings, [152:1]
• Apparitions, primitive belief in, 27
• Apuleius, 148
• Aquinas, 3
• Archontes, 164
• Ares, 57
• Aretê, 89, 96, 99, 104 f.
• Aristarchus of Samos, 141
• Aristophanes, [20:3], [22:1], [62:1]
• Aristotle, 3, 114 f., 117, 120, 127, 136, 153, [154:3]
• Ark of Israel, 68
• Arnim, von, [129:1], 172
• Arnold, Professor E. V., [100:1]
• Asceticism in antiquity, 196
• Astrology, 143 f., [211:1]
• Astronomy, 97
• Ἀθάνα (Ἀθήνη), [53:1]
• Atheism, 181 f., 190
• Athena, [53:1], 71, 72, 74;
• = Athenaia Korê, 52;
• Pallas, 52
• Athens, effect of defeat of, 79 f.
• Atomic Theory of Democritus, 101;
• of Ionia, 105
• Attis, 185
• 'Attributes', animals as, 20
• Augustine, St., 175, 177
• Aurelius, Marcus, religion of, 175 f.
•  
• Bacchos, 161
• Bacon, Professor, 172
• 'Barbaroi' as opposed to Hellenes, 39;
• βαρβαρόφωνοι, [42:2]
• Bardesanes, [164:1]
• Barnabas, St., 161
• Beast-mask, 23-5
• Bendis, 151
• Bethe, E., [150:1]
• Bevan, E., xvi, [39:1], [100:1], [154:2], 172
• Birth-rate, its effect on early Christian sects, 194
• Blessedness, Epicurus on, 106
• Body, Fifth, 137
• βοῶπις, 24
• Bousset, W., xv, 126, [150:3], 162, 172
• Buddhism, 10
• Bull, blood of, 20;
• in pre-Hellenic ritual, 19-21
• Bury, Professor J. B., xv
•  
• Carpenter, Dr. E., 172
• Cauer, P., [49:1]
• Centaurs, 60
• Chadwick, H. M., xv, 46 n., [57:3], 59
• Chaldaeans, 144, 151
• Chance, 131, 147
• Charles, Dr., 172
• χρᾶν, 37
• χρεία, 90
• Christianity, 88, 90, 96, 109, 115, 119, 123-5, 173, 181 f., 192-5
• Christmas, Father, 15
• Christos, 163
• Chrysippus, 115, [145:1], [145:3], [145:4], 146, 166
• Chthonioi, as oracles, 37
• Cicero, [27:2]
• Circular movement, [208:1]
• Circumcelliones, 36 n.
• City of gods and men, world as, 76;
• of Refuge, in the Laws, 83;
• of Righteousness, in the Republic, 83:
• see Polis
• Cleanthes, 135, 141, 165
• Clemen, Carl, 172
• Coinage, deface of, 90
• 'Collective Desire', God defined as the, 26, 29
• Colotes, [111:1]
• Comitatus, 46
• Commagene, 144
• Conceptions, Common, 200
• Constantine, 194
• Constantius, 179
• Convention, 91
• Conybeare, F. C., 172
• Cook, A. B., [16:1], 23, [24:1], 49 f., [56:3], 66 n.
• Copernicus, 97
• Corinna, 43
• Cornford, F. M., [33:1]
• Cornutus, 166
• Cosmopolîtes, 92
• Cosmos, 97-100, 208
• Crates, [95:1], 166
• Creeds, 173 f., 178, 183
• Crucifixion, [163:1]
• Cumont, F., [35:1], 126, 172
• Cynics, 3, 90-2, 93-5, 104;
• women among, [95:1]
• Cyropaedeia, 85
• Cyrus, 85
•  
• Daemon = Stoicheion, 142
• Dance, religious, 27 f.
• Davenport, F. M., [26:1]
• Davy, G., 7 n.
• Dead, worship of, 62
• Deification, E. Bevan on, [154:2]
• Deliverer, the, 108
• Delos, 51
• Delusio, 169
• Demeter, 72
• Democritus, Atomic Theory of, 101
• Demos, 82
• Demosthenes, 82
• Destiny, Hymn to, 135:
• see Fate
• Dharma, 10
• Diadochi, 155
• Diasia, 14-15
• διατριβή, 90
• Dicaearchus, 121 f.
• Didascaliae, 121
• Diels, [33:1], [129:1], 172
• Dieterich, A., [17:1], [23:1], [29:2], 126, 146, [150:3], 172
• Dio Cassius, 142
• Diocletian, 194 f.
• Diodorus, 144 f.
• Diogenes, 90-3, 95;
• his 'tub,' 92
• Diogenes of Oenoanda, [101:1], 114, 169 f.
• Dione, 56
• Dionysius, 17, 20, 72, 84, 159
• δίοπτρα, 122
• Disciples, qualifications and conduct of, 200
• Discouragement due to collapse of the Polis, 81
• Dittenberger. W., [16:1], [156:1]
• Divine Mother, 164;
• 'Divine Wisdom', personified, 165
• Dodds, E. R., [181:1]
• Doutté, E., 26 f.
• Dramaturge, 97
• Drômenon, spring, 32 f.
• Dümmler, [87:1]
• Durkheim, Professor Émile, [6:1]
•  
• Earth, divinity of, 137;
• Earth-mother, 29
• ἡδονή, 106
• Education, [113:3]
• Ekstasis, 150
• Elements, Apuleius on, 148;
• divinity of, 137;
• in the Kosmos, 142
• ἐμψυχοῦν, [200:1]
• Enthousiasmos, 150
• Eôs, 53
• Epictetus, morals of, 176
• Epicureans, 3, 110 f., 113, 119, 130, 145 f., 181
• Epicurus, 101-11, 113, 129 f., 135, 140 f., 170, [192:1]
• Epiphanês, 155
• Epiphanius, 172
• ἥρωες, 37
• Euergetês, 156
• Euhemerus, 160
• Euripides, [12:4], [54:3], passim, 143, 152
• Eusebius, [27:4], 197
• Evans, Sir A., 20, 66 n.
• Evil, existence of, 215;
• origin of, 186, 214-16
• Expurgation of mythology, 75 f.;
• Olympian, 61 f., 67 f.
• Eye of Bel, 143
•  
• Failure, Great, 82
• Farnell, Dr. L. R., [18:1], [20:1], 44
• Fate, 132, 134, 145, 146 f., 211 f.
• Federations, 80
• Ferguson, W. S., [152:1]
• First Cause, 185, 205 f.
• Fortune, 91, 131 f., 212 f.
• Fourth Century, Movements of, 3, 79-122
• Frazer, Sir J. G., [16:1], [18:1], [35:1], [154:1]
•  
• Gaertringen, Hiller von, [18:2]
• Galaxy, 204
• Games, Roman gladiatorial, 94
• Garden, 107 f., 114
• Gardner. P., [57:2], [149:1]
• Gennep, A. Van., [31:1]
• γέρων, 31
• Gerontes, 36
• Ghosts, 221
• Giants, 60
• γίγνεσθαι, forms of, 216 f.
• γλαυκῶπις, 24
• Gnostics, 3, 123, 128, 137 f., 148, 162
• God, as the 'collective desire', 26, 29;
• conception of, in savage tribes, 9;
• does not rejoice, nor is angered, 218;
• essence of, 158;
• home of, 148;
• of the Jews, 163;
• rejections of, 222 f.;
• unchangeable, 187;
• Union with, 147
• God-Man, as King, 152 f.
• Gods, communion with, 188;
• Cosmic and Hypercosmic, 206 f.;
• men as, 136;
• nature of, 200 f.;
• Twelve, 207;
• unchangeable, 217;
• why worshipped, 218
• Good, the, 88 f., 110, 185 f., 206;
• happiness of, 224 f.;
• Idea of, as Sun of the spiritual universe, 94
• γραῦς, 31
• Gruppe, Dr., [18:1], [50:3], [52:1], [56:3], 172
•  
• Hagia Triada, sarcophagus of, 20
• Halliday, W. R., [32:2]
• Happiness, Natural, 104
• Harnack, A., 193
• Harrison, Miss J. E., xiv, 13-30, passim, [148:1]
• Hartland, E. S., 9
• Haverfield, Professor F. J., 127
• Heath, Sir T., [141:1]
• Heaven, Third, 149
• Hebrews, 125
• Hecataeus, 143
• Heimarmenê, 134, 145, 211
• Helen, Korê as, 138
• Hellenes, conquered tribes took name of, 42;
• no tribe of, existing in ancient times, 41;
• same as Achaioi, 40
• Hellenism, as standard of culture, 41
• Hellenistic Age, 3 f., 114, 117, 125, 131, 144, 161, 167;
• culture, 125;
• philosophy, 165;
• revival, 40 f.;
• spirit, 152
• Hera, 56
• Heraclitus of Ephesus, 167
• Herakles, 56, 89
• Hermes, 55, 151
• Hermetica, 148, 151
• Hermetic communities, 146
• Hermias, [116:1]
• Herodotus, [27:3], 39, 41, [42:1], 44;
• religion of, 175
• Heroes, philosophers as, 153
• Heroic Age, 48 f., 57
• Heroism, religious, of antiquity, 192
• Hesiod, 44, 64 f.
• Hipparchia, [95:1]
• Hippolytus, 172
• Hoffmann, Dr. O., [43:1], [52:1]
• Hogarth, D. G., [24:1]
• Holocaust, 14
• Homer, 9, 44 f., 48 f., [54:3], passim, 64 f.
• Hosiôtêr, bull as, 20 f.
• Hubert and Mauss, MM., [189:1]
•  
• Idealists, 82
• Idols, defence of, [77:1]
• Illusion, 112, 119
• Impalement, [163:1]
• Infanticide, 177
• Initiations, Hellenistic, 148-52
• Instinct, 100
• Interpreters, Planets as, 144
• Ionia, 59 f.
• Ionian tradition, 101, 104
• Ionians, 51
• Iphigenia, [61:1]
• Iranes, 32
• Irenaeus, 172
• Iris, 55
• Isis, 151, 166
• Isocrates, 81
•  
• Jacoby, [160:1]
• Jaldabaoth = Saturn, 147
• Javan, sons of, 42
• Jews, 125, 151, 188;
• God of, 163
• Judaism, 193
• Julian, xvi, 4, 179 ff., 184 f., 197
• Justin, [64:1]
•  
• Kaibel, [61:1]
• Kant, 136
• Keraunos, 155
• Kêres, 34
• Kern, O., [21:2]
• King, I., [29:1]
• Kings, as gods, 191;
• divine, titles of, 155 ff.;
• predictions concerning, by Planets, 144;
• worship of, 156
• Koios, 166
• Korê, 63 f.;
• as fallen Virgin, 138;
• Earth, 30;
• Earth Maiden and Mother, 137
• Kosmokratores, 146, 148, 164
• Kosmos, 147, [200:1];
• Moon as origin of, 169;
• planets as Elements in, 142
• Kourê, Zeus, 150
• Kourêtes, 150;
• Spring-song of, 30
• Kouroi, 30;
• dance of, 28
• Kouros, 63 f., 71;
• Megistos, 28;
• Sun as, 30;
• Year-Daemon, 32
• Kourotrophos, Earth, 30
• κράτος and βία, 25, [157:1]
• Kronos, 45
• κτίσαντα, 23
• κτίσιν, 23
• Kynosarges, 89
•  
• Lampsacus, 107
• Lang, Andrew, xiii, [16:2], [23:2]
• Λάθε βιώσας, 110
• Leaf, W., [40:1], [49:1]
• Leagues, 80
• Leontion, 108
• Life, inward, 119 f.
• Λόγος, 135
• Lucian, Icaro-Menippos, [15:1]
• Lucretius, 38, 105, [106:1], 114
• Lysander, 155
• Lysias, 81
•  
• McDougall, W., 125 n.
• Macedon, 81, 127
• Macedonians, 93, 116, 122
• Mackail, Professor J. W., 42
• Man, First, 164;
• Righteous, of Plato, 163;
• Second, 163 f.;
• Son of Man, 163
• Man-God, worship of, 156 ff.
• Mana, 19, 21, 24, 34, [157:1]
• Marett, R. R., [124:1]
• Margoliouth, Professor, [167:1]
• Markos the Gnostic, 150
• Marriage, Sacred, 17 f.
• Maximus of Tyre, [77:1]
• Mayer, M., 46 n.
• Meade, G. R. S., 172
• Mediator between God and worshipper, 189;
• Mithras as, 151;
• Saviour as, 162
• Medicine-king, as θεός, 25, 152;
• powers of, 25
• Megethos, 142
• Meilichios, in the Diasia, 14-15, 19
• Meister, R., [53:1]
• Meyer, Ed., [154:3]
• Mind, nature of, 209
• Mithraic communities, 146
• Mithraism, 148
• Mithras, 123, 139, 152;
• as Mediator, 151;
• Liturgy, 146, 148;
• religion of, 21
• Mommsen, August, [14:1], [17:1], [18:1]
• Monotheism, 69 f.
• Moon, as Kourotrophos, 30;
• as origin of Kosmos, 169;
• divinity of, 136 ff.
• Morals, minor, 177;
• of antiquity, 177 f.;
• of Christians, 178
• Moret, [23:2]
• Mother, Divine, 164;
• Great, 185
• Mülder, D., [53:1], [57:1]
• Mullach, 172
• Müller, H. D., [57:1]
• Music of the Spheres, 142
• Myres, J. L., 40
• Mysteries, 93
• Mystic letters, 219
• Mysticism, 169
• Mythology, Olympian, 75
• Myths, Sallustius' treatment of, 221 f.;
• why divine, 201;
• five species, 202;
• explanation of examples, 203-5
•  
• Naassenes, 146, 162
• Nature, the return to, as salvation for man, 91
• Nausiphanes, 101
• Neo-Platonism, 181
• Nerve, failure of, chap. iv.
• Nikator, 155
• Nilsson, M. P., [18:2], [21:2], [31:1], [32:1]
• Nilus, St., 21
• Norden, [159:1]
•  
• Octavius, 164, 182, [190:1]
• Odin, 59
• Ogdoas, 147
• Oimôgê, 79, 116
• Olympian expurgation, 61 f., 67 ff.;
• family, 11;
• reformation, 58, 61 ff.;
• stage, 2;
• theology, 4
• Olympian Gods, brought by Northern invaders, 45;
• character of, 46-58;
• coming of, 43;
• why so called, 44 f.
• Olympian religion, achievements of, 72 ff.;
• beauty of, 73;
• conception of, 131;
• failure of, 67-72
• Olympians, origin of, 39 ff.
• Olympus, Mount, 46
• Optimism, 193
• Oracles, 37-8
• Oreibasius, 27
• Oreibates, 27
• Organization, social, 214
• Origins, Religious, 1
• Orphic Hymns, [30:1];
• literature, [64:1]
• Orphism, 148
• Orthia, 32
• Osiris, 166
• Othin, [50:1]
• οὐσία, [200:1]
• Ovid, [52:2]
• Ozymandia, 144
•  
• Pagan prayer, a, 197 f.;
• reaction, 173 f.
• Paganism, final development of, 192 f.;
• struggle with Christianity, 195 f.
• Palimpsest, manuscript of man's creed as, 199
• Palladion, 52
• Pallas, Athena as, 52, 71
• Panaetius, 145
• Paribeni, R., [20:2]
• Parker, Mrs. Langloh, 12
• Parmenides, 12, [113:2]
• πάτρια, τὰ, 37
• Paul. St., 2 f., 7, 23, 33, 60, 124, 137, 149, 158 n., 161, 164
• Pauly-Wissowa, [14:1]
• Pausanias, [27:3], [54:2], passim
• Payne, E. J., [29:1], [30:1]
• Pelasgians, 42, 44
• πέμπτον σῶμα, 137
• Periclean Age, 87, 89
• Peripatetic School, 114 f., 116;
• spirit, 122
• Peripatos, 114
• Persecution of the Christians, 181
• Persephone, 74 f.
• φαρμακός, 34
• Pheidias, 50
• φιλανθρωπία, 156, 158
• φιλία, 104, 109
• Philo, 172, 177
• Phusis, 99, 134, [200:1]
• Pindar, [31:3], 43, [52:2]
• Pisistratus, 43, 53
• πίστις, 7
• Planets, seven, history and worship of, 140 ff.
• Plato, 3, 13 n., 82-4, 109, 126, 129, 163
• Pleasure, pursuit of, 110
• Plotinus, 2, 4, [10:2], 135;
• his union with God, 149
• Plutarch, [27:3] [32:1], [34:2], [54:2], passim
• Poimandres, 162
• Πολιάς, ἡ, or Πολιεύς, ὁ, 71
• Poliouchoi, 67
• Polis, collapse of, 80, 127 f.;
• projection of, 71;
• religion of, 71, 75 f.;
• replaces Tribe, 66 f.
• Polybius, 80
• Porch, 114
• Porphyry, [149:2], [188:2]
• Poseidon, 54
• Posidonius, 146, 159
• Predestination, 145
• Preuss, Dr., 2
• Proclus, [209:2]
• Proletariates, 194
• Pronoia or Providence, Stoic belief in, 90, 135
• Providence, 210 f.
• ψυχή, [200:1]
• Ptah, 151
• Ptolemaios Epiphanês, 156 f.
• Punishment, eternal, 9;
• why not immediate, 223
• Purpose of Dramaturge, 97-100
• Pythagoras, 167
• Pythias, 116
•  
• Rack, martyrs happy on the, 192
• Reason, as combatant of passion, 91
• Redeemer, of the Gnostics, 162 f.;
• Son of the Korê, 138
• Redemption, mystery of, 163
• Reformation, Olympian, 61 ff.
• Refuge, City of, in the Laws, 83
• Refugees, sufferings of, 102
• Reinach, A. J., [25:1]
• Reinach, S., [25:1], [68:1], 172
• Reisch, E., [11:1]
• Reitzenstein, xv, 126, [150:3], 172
• Religion, description of, 5-9;
• eternal punishment for error in, 9;
• falseness of, 7 ff.;
• Greek, extensive study of, xiii;
• traditional, 127;
• significance of, 1
• Religious Origins, 1
• Republic, 94
• Retribution, 33
• Reuterskiold, [21:3]
• Revelations, divine, 171;
• series of, to worshippers, 151
• Revival, Hellenistic, 40 ff.
• Ridgeway, Professor, [40:1], [54:1]
• Righteousness, City of, in the Republic, 83
• Rivers, Dr., [31:2]
• Robertson Smith, Dr., 21 f.
• Rome, a Polis, 127
• Ruah, 138
•  
• Sacraments, 148
• Sacrifice, human, 35, [61:1];
• condemned by Theophrastus, [188:2];
• Porphyry on, [188:2];
• reason for, 219 f.
• Sallustius, xvi, 165, 179-81, 183-5, 193
• Saturn, 147
• Saviour, as Son of God and Mediator, 161 f.;
• dying, 35 f.;
• Third One, 33
• Sceptics, jeux d'esprit of, 87
• Schultz, W., 172
• Schurtz, Ed., [31:1]
• Schwartz, [159:1]
• Scott, W., 172
• Seeck, O., [53:1], 172
• Sky, phenomena of, as origin of man's idea, 136
• Snake, supernatural, 19
• Social structure of worshippers, 151
• Solon, 43
• σῶμα, [200:1]
• Sophocles, 123
• Sophrosynê, 73, 83, 114, 152, 197
• Sors: see Fortune.
• Sôtêr, 155
• Soul, divinity of, 153-65;
• human, as origin of man's idea, 136;
• immortal, 186;
• nature of, 209 f.;
• salvation of, 164
• Sparta, Athens defeated by, 80;
• constitution of, 87;
• power of, 81
• Spirit, Holy, 137;
• personified, 165
• Stars, divinity of, 136 ff., [153:1]
• Steiner, von H., Mutaziliten, [10:2]
• Stoicism, 117, 146
• Stoics, 3, 76, 95-7, 104, 109 f., 119, 128, 130, 145, 160, 165
• Συμπάθεια τῶν ὅλων, 145
• Sun, 187;
• as Kouros, 30;
• = both orb and ray, [203:1];
• divinity of, 137 ff.;
• worship of, 139
• Sunoikismos, 63
• Superstition, 130
• Sweetness, Epicurus on, 106
• Swine, sacred, 19
•  
• Tabu, 34 ff.
• Tarn, W. W., [80:1], [152:2]
• Teletai, 32
• Thales, 2
• θαρρεῖν, 95, 103 f.
• Themis, 36, 37
• Theodoret, 181
• Theoi Adelphoi, 154
• Theophrastus, 143, [188:2]
• θεός = θεσός, 24;
• use of the word by poets, 12
• Thera, [18:2]
• θεσμοί, derivation of, [16:1]
• Thesmophoria, 16
• Thespis, 43
• Third One or Saviour, 33
• Thomson, J. A. K., 46 n.
• Thoth, 151
• Thought, subjective, 128
• Thracians, 150 f.
• Thucydides, 41;
• religion of, 175
• Thumb, A., [43:1], [45:2]
• Transmigration of souls, 224
• Trigonometry, 122
• Trinity, 164
• Tritos Sôtêr, 163
• Τύχη: see Fortune
• 'Tyrants, Thirty', 84
•  
• Uncharted region of experience, 5 ff., 171, 198
• Urdummheit, 2, 44, 72
• Usener, [101:1], [113:2], [129:1], 172
• Uzzah, 68
•  
• Vandal, [40:2]
• Vegetarianism, [8:1]
• Vegetation-spirit, 32
• Verrall, A. W., [16:1]
• Vice, definition of, 213 f.
• Virgin, fallen, Korê as, 138
• Virtue, definition of, 213 f.
• Vision, 104
•  
• Warde Fowler, W., [17:1]
• Webster, H., [31:1]
• Week of seven days, established, 142 f.
• Wendland, P., xvi, 126, 156, 172
• Wilamowitz-Moellendorff, U. von, [43:1], 59
• Wisdom, Divine, personified, 165;
• Wisdom-Teachers, 2
• Woodward, A. M., [32:1]
• Word, the, personified, 165
• World, ancient and modern, 120;
• blessedness of, 168;
• end of, by fire, Christian belief in, 190;
• eternal and indestructible, 186 f., 189, 208-9, 220-2
•  
• Xenophanes, 12
• Xenophon, 79, 85, 86
• Ξύνεσις, 73
•  
• Year-Daemon, 32 f.
•  
• Zeller, E., 128
• Zeno, 96 f., 98, 109, 128
• Zeus, Aphiktor, 28;
• in Magnesia bull-ritual, 21;
• Kourês, 150;
• Meilichios, 14-15;
• origin and character of, 49 f.;
• watchdog of, 93
• Zodiac, 144