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Fray Luis de León: A Biographical Fragment

Chapter 40: V
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About This Book

A concise biographical sketch reconstructs the life and intellectual character of Luis de León by closely analyzing surviving trial records, documentary collections, and his poetic and theological writings. The author disentangles inconsistent testimony from inquisitorial proceedings, assesses the probable chronology and merits of his Spanish poems, and portrays the subject with measured sympathy, noting both fortitude and human weakness. Practical editorial choices and a selective bibliography are offered to aid further study, and the fragmentary nature of the chapter and its limits are acknowledged throughout.

Herrera (Fernando de) 207, 229
Homer 83
Horace 83, 159, 207, 208, 217, 236 n.

I

Ibañez, see Bañez.
Ibarra (Juan de) 138 n.
Isaiah 13, 15, 34 n.

J

Jerónimo (San) 32 n., 33 n., 108 n., 234 n.
Jesús y Maria (José de) 178, 199 n.
John Chrysostom (Saint) 33 n.
John of the Cross (Saint) 230
Junta (Lucas) 28 n.
Justin (Saint) 82, 83

L

Laredo (Bernardino de) 203
Lasso de la Vega (Garci) 155, 205, 216 n., 223, 228, 236 n.
Leo (Saint) 83
Leon (Antonio de) 28 n.
Leon (Cristobal de) 8
Leon (Diego de) 43, 44, 204
Leon (Francisco de) 7
Leon (Gomez de) 6, 23 n., 25 n.
Leon (Lope de) 6, 23 n., 25 n., 27 n., 234 n., 238
León (Luis de)
his full name, 5; his Jewish descent, 5-6; his birthplace, 6; his date of birth, 7; he goes to Madrid, then to the University of Salamanca, 7; he enters a religious order, 7; renounces his share of the paternal estate, 8; professes in the Augustinian order, 8; his name appears on the list of theological students at Salamanca, 8; he lectures at Soria, 9; matriculates at Alcalá de Henares, 9; graduates at Toledo, 9; graduates as licentiate of theology at Salamanca, 9; fails to obtain the chair of Biblical exegesis at Salamanca, 10; thwarts the designs of Domingo Bañez, 10; is elected Professor of Theology at Salamanca, 10; is transferred to the chair of Scholastic Theology and Biblical Criticism, 10, 11; is chosen to be the first editor of St. Theresa's works, 12; incurs the enmity of Leon de Castro, 13, 14; lectures on the Vulgate, 14; is elected on the committee appointed to revise François Vatable's version of the Bible, 15; threatens to burn Castro's Commentaria in Essaiam Prophetam, 16; out-argues Bartolomé de Medina, 18; goes to Belmonte, 19; falls ill, 19; is mentioned as an offender before the Inquisitionary Committee, 20; hands in a written statement to the local Inquisition, 21; his arrest is recommended by that body, 22; he finds fault with Leon de Castro's knowledge of Latin and Greek and proposes to call witnesses to prove this point, 33 n.; quarrels with Medina, 36 n.; appeals to the Consejo Real at Madrid and wins his case, 36 n.; is taken to Valladolid jail by Almansa, 40; is lodged in the secret cells of the Inquisition, 40; is nervous about his health, 41; asks for books, for powders for his heart-attacks, and for a knife to cut his food, 41; is charged with translating into Spanish the Song of Solomon, and admits having done so, 42; implies that a copy may have reached Portugal, 44; proves a formidable foe, 46; petitions that his University Chair should be kept open until the end of his trial, 47; his petition is refused and Medina is appointed in his place, 48; his health suffers from imprisonment, and he asks for the companionship of a monk of his order, 49; he requests to be transferred to a Dominican Monastery, 50; petitions for leave to go to confession and to say Mass, 50; his requests are refused, 50; the increasing bias of the tribunal against him, 51; he complains of his bad memory, 51; his fearless attitude, 52; he brands all Dominicans as enemies, 52; objects to the Faculty of Theology at Alcalá de Henares, 53; inveighs against Medina and Castro, 54; prevents Montoya's election as Provincial of the Augustinians in Spain, 55; describes Montoya as notorious for lying, 56; entrusts Arboleda to collect favourable evidence, 56; brands Diego de Zúñiga as a deliberate perjurer, 57; his criticism on Zúñiga's book, 60; his counsel, Dr. Ortiz de Funes, 65; his skill in drawing up his own defence, 65; he is told to choose two patronos from four names unknown to him, 66; requests that he be given Sebastian Perez as patrono, 66; suggests that Dr. Cáncer or Hernando del Castillo may be appointed with Perez, 66; asks that Castillo's name be removed from the list of patronos, 67; threatens to appeal to the Inquisitor-General against the enforced choosing of unknown patronos, 67; decides to accept as patronos Fray Mancio de Corpus Christi and either Medina or Dr. Cáncer, 68; Mancio is appointed patrono and makes a report favourable to him, 69; all information of this is withheld from him, 69; he protests against his papers being entrusted to Mancio, 69; his suspicions and distrust of Mancio, 69-71; he becomes reconciled with Mancio, 72; loses judicial favour owing to his vacillations over Mancio, 73; his demeanour in court, 74; his portrait by Pacheco, 79; his want of humour, 80; his gift of sarcasm, 80; his versatility, 81; his conservatism, 81; his teachers, 81; his books, 81, 82; his knowledge of Italian, 83; his curiosity about astrology, 84, 85; he urges the Court to prosecute Castro for perjury, 86; declares that his detention is illegal and demands compensation for it, 86; his health declines and his irritability increases, 87; he is blamed by Castillo for teaching erroneous doctrine, 89; his moods of depression, 89; Menchaca, Álava, Tello Maldonado, and Albornoz recommend that he be tortured, 90; a more lenient view is adopted by Guijano de Mercado and Frechilla, 91; the Supreme Inquisition brushes aside the views of both parties, 91; he is publicly reprimanded by order of the Supreme Inquisition and acquitted, 92; his Spanish version of the Song of Solomon is confiscated, 92; he asks for an official certificate of acquittal and for arrears of salary as regards his chair, 92; his applications are granted but their fulfilment delayed, 92; his return to Salamanca, 145; he meets the Claustro of the University, 146; renounces all claim to his Chair so long as it is occupied by Castillo, 146; creation of a provisional new chair for him by the Claustro, 147; he lectures in his new chair January 29, 1577, 147; his famous alleged phrase Dicebamus hesterna die, 147-150; difficulties about his lecture-hours, 151; he presents himself as a candidate for the Chair of Moral Philosophy, 152; is strenuously opposed by Zumel, 152; defeats Zumel by a majority of seventy-nine votes, 153; takes the degree of M.A., 153; is appointed member of the committee for the reform of the calendar, 153; his contest with Domingo de Guzman for the Biblical chair at Salamanca, vacant by the death of Gregorio Gallo, 154-155; he defeats Guzman by thirty-six votes, 157; appeal lodged by Guzman against irregularity in voting, 157; judgement given in favour of Luis de Leon, 157; he reads himself into the chair at Salamanca, December 7, 1579, 158; publishes a Latin commentary on the Song of Solomon, 158; chivalrously supports Montemayor against Domingo de Guzman at a theological meeting in Salamanca, 160-161; through this action he is involved in a quarrel with Domingo Bañez, 161; the case comes before the Valladolid Inquisition, 162; he presents himself voluntarily before the Inquisitionary tribunal at Salamanca on March 8, 163; appears again before it on March 31, and offers to apologize if he has exceeded in his defence of Montemayor, 163; his lecture on predestination (1571) is brought before the tribunal by Zumel, 164; his enemies, Zumel, Guzman, and Bañez, 164; he receives a severely reproachful letter from Villavicencio, 165; is summoned to Toledo and privately reprimanded by Quiroga, 167; publishes Los Nombres de Cristo and La perfecta casada, 168; is appointed to settle the suit between the University of Salamanca and the Colegios Mayores, 168; progress of the suit and conduct of the Claustro, 168-173; he refuses the invitation of Sixtus V and Philip II to join the committee for the revision of the Vulgate, 173; is appointed by the papal nuncio to inquire into the administration of funds by the Provincial of the Augustinians in Castile, 173; begins the publication of his edition of Saint Theresa's works, 174; upholds Madre Ana de Jesus's reforms, 174; is appointed by the Pope to execute them, 175; is opposed by Doria and Philip II, 175-176; his weakening health and the continuous opposition of his enemies, 178-179; he is reported to be suffering from tumour, 180; his lingering illness, 181; he is elected Provincial of the Augustinians in Castile, August 14, 1591, 181; his death, August 23, 1591, 181; his character by Pacheco, 181-183; his prose works, 202-210; his poems, 210-221; his versification, 221-229; his character, 230-232.
Leon (Miguel de) 8, 28 n.
Leon (Pedro de) 25 n.
Leon (Pero Fernandez de) 26 n.
Loarte (Diego de) [see Oloarte and Olarte] 195 n., 211
Lopez (Diego) 117 n., 118 n.
Lopez de Sedano (Juan Josef) 188 n.
Lucas (Francisco) 241
Lucas (Saint) 124 n.

M

Madrigal 195 n.
Mancio de Corpus Christi 35 n., 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 81, 91, 122 n., 123 n., 124 n.

Manrique (Angel) 30 n.
Manrique (Jorge) 203
Mármol (Dr. Bernabé del) 174, 175
Martínez de Cantalapiedra (Martin) 13, 20, 21, 22, 31 n., 33 n., 37 n., 42
Medina (Bartolomé de) 18, 19, 20, 21, 33 n., 35 n., 36 n., 37 n., 38 n., 42, 48, 54, 62, 68, 70, 77, 80, 100 n., 105 n., 110 n., 123 n., 129 n., 146, 151, 154, 155, 187 n.
Menchaca (Francisco de) 90, 139 n.
Méndez (F. de) 5, 26, 200 n.
Mendoza (Bernardino de) 35 n.
Mendoza (Diego Hurtado de) 212
Menéndez y Pelayo (Marcelino) 236 n., 237 n.
Merino (Antolin) 191 n.
Mondéjar (Marqués de) 35 n.
Montemayor (Prudencio de) 159, 160, 161, 163
Montoya (Gabriel) 55, 56, 120 n.
Moreno de Bohorquez (Luis) 182, 240
Muiños Sáenz (Conrado) 114 n., 115 n., 119 n., 188 n., 200 n., 201 n., 237 n.
Muñiz 33 n.
Muñon 33 n.

N

Napoleon 1
Niño (Hernando) 138 n.

O

Olarte (Diego de) 233 n.
Olivares (Conde-duque de) 209
Olivares (Pedro de) 23 n.
Oloarte (see Loarte and Olarte) 210, 225
Onís (Federico de) 230, 235 n.

Orozco (Alonso de) 206, 235 n.
Ortiz de Funes (Doctor) 65, 66, 67, 68, 104 n.
Osorio (Isabel) 42, 43, 234 n.

P

Pacheco (Francisco) 78, 79, 80, 160, 181, 182, 184, 200 n., 201 n. [and Appendix]
Palacios (Francisco de) 162
Paul (Saint) 12
Peralto (Hernando de) 195 n.
Perez (Antonio) 230, 231
Perez (Sebastian) 66, 67
Pérez Pastor (Cristóbal) 199 n.
Philip II 168, 170, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 181, 183, 184, 243
Picatoste y Rodríguez (Felipe) 112 n.
Pindar 83
Pineda 115 n.
Pinelo (Gabriel) 95 n.
Pinto (Hector) 53, 108 n., 162
Plantin 82
Plato 205
Plutarch 205
Ponce de Leon (Basilio) 24 n., 149, 150
Portocarrero (Alonso) 212
Portocarrero (Pedro) 208, 211, 212, 215, 235 n.
Portonariis (Gaspar de) 104 n.
Possevino (Antonio) 242
Poza (Licenciado) 85, 132 n.
Pozas (Marqués de) 57

Q

Quevedo (see Gomez de Quevedo y Villegas)
Quijano (Juan) 186 n., 200 n.
Quiroga (Gaspar de) 167

R

Ramos (Nicolás) 77, 138 n.
Rejon (Alonso) 36 n.
Reusch (Heinrich) 197 n.
Riego (El Inquisidore) 132 n.
Rodriguez (Benito) 90
Rodriguez (Diego), see Zúñiga 58, 63, 113 n., 114 n., 117 n., 118 n.
Rodriguez (Diego) 151
Rodríguez Marín (Francisco) 114 n., 191 n.
Rojas (Pedro de) 57, 112 n., 114 n., 118 n., 195 n.
Ruiz 195 n.
Ruiz de Alarcon y Mendoza (Juan) 3

S

Sahagun (Doctor Diego de) 168
Sainz de Baranda (Pedro) passim
Salinas (Francisco de) 7, 80, 84, 154, 190 n., 211, 233 n.
Salvá (Miguel) passim
Samson 217
Sanchez (Bartolomé) 189 n.
Sanchez (Francisco), el Brocense 32 n., 202, 216, 236 n.
Sanchez (Miguel) 222, 224
Sánchez de Olivares (Díez) 23 n.
Sánchez de Olivares (Leonor) 6, 23 n.
Sancho (Francisco, bishop of Segoibe) 152
Sancho (Francisco) 33 n., 100 n., 104 n., 105 n.
Sancho (el maestro Francisco) 93 n.
Santa Cruz (Joan de) 162, 163, 193 n., 195 n.
Santa Maria (Francisco de) 176, 177, 178, 199 n.
Sarmiento de Mendoza (Manuel) 209, 215
Sebastian I 214
Shakespeare 221
Siluente (Alonso) 49, 94, 101 n.

Simonides 205
Sixtus V 173, 174
Sobrino (Doctor) 180
Solana (Andrés de) 165
Solís (Antonio de) 168
Sophocles 83, 205
Suarez (Pedro) 158, 193n.

T

Tapia (Mencía de) 28 n.
Tasso (Bernardo) 223
Tellez Giron (Rodrigo) 23 n.
Tello Maldonado (Luis) 90, 139 n.
Theresa (Saint) 12, 174, 175, 178, 180, 181, 199 n., 203, 242
Tiberius 1
'Tirso de Molina' 3
Torre (Francisco de la) 228

U

Uceda (Gaspar de) 110 n.
Uceda (Pedro de) 100 n., 189 n.
'Urganda la Desconocida' 155, 191 n.

V

Vadillo (Doctor) 70
Valbás (Doctor) 32 n.
Valera (Bernardino de) 234 n.
Valera (Francisco de) 234 n.
Valera (Inés de) 233 n., 234 n.
Valera (Juan de) 233 n.
Valladolid (Diego de) 39
Vañez (see Bañez)
Varela Osorio (Maria) 204
Vatable (François) 15, 16, 17, 33 n., 82, 104 n., 105 n.

Vega Carpio (Felix Lope de) 3, 244
Velazquez 79
Vicente de la Fuente 31 n., 32 n., 199 n.
Villanueva (Leonor de) 6, 23 n.
Villavicencio (Lorenzo de) 165
Vio (Cardinal Thomas de), surnamed Cajetanus 133 n.
Vique (Juan) 33 n.
Virgil 83, 207

W

Wordsworth 229

Z

Zumel (Francisco) 152, 153, 159, 164, 172, 193 n.
Zúñiga (Diego de), see Arias and Rodriguez 57, 58, 60, 61, 62, 63, 77, 83, 113 n., 114 n., 115 n., 117 n., 118 n., 119 n.