From North Pole to Equator: Studies of Wild Life and Scenes in Many Lands

INDEX.

Aard-vark or ant-eater, 194.
Abiad, Bahr-el-, White Nile, 368.
Abu tok, a small hornbill, 216.
Adony, heronry on island of, 544.
Altai, crown-estate of the, 513, 585.
Altrices and præcoces, 59, 566.
Antelope, migrations of the, 245.
Anthropoid apes, 308.
Apes and Monkeys, 282;
an Arabic legend about baboons, 282;
ancient beliefs of Egypt and India, 284;
the “monkey question” discussed, 285, 580;
their distribution and habits, 286, 582;
talents and abilities, 291;
New-World monkeys, 293;
a concert of red howlers, 295;
Old-World monkeys, 296;
two types, the Dog-like and Man-like, 296;
endowments and characteristics of the Dog-like monkey, 296, 582;
examples of their bravery, intelligence, and self-esteem, 299, 582;
Man-like or anthropoid apes, 308;
their structure, habits, and voice-power, 308;
highest specimens of this type, 311;
the chimpanzee, 311;
differences between man and the ape, 317, 583.
Archar, a giant wild sheep, 110, 397, 584.
Arctic fox, 73, 155, 567.
Asiatic steppes, the, 86.
Aspis, a venomous snake, 184, 575.
Assuan, on the Nile, 359.
Auk, life and habits of the, 57, 566.
Aul of the Kirghiz, 464, 478, 497.
Azrek, Bahr-el-, Blue Nile, 203, 368.
Baboons in Central Africa, 238.
Baobab-tree, 209.
Bards among the Kirghiz, 493.
Barnaul, town of, 518.
Bat, migration of the, 251.
Bateleur, or short-tailed African eagle, 188;
poetic legend regarding, 189;
its remarkable flight during pairing-time, 265.
Bear, habits of the, 163;
value of its skin, 165;
its teeth and claws considered potent charms, 165;
methods of its capture, 166;
stories of encounters with bears, 166.
Beaver, extermination of the, 135, 573.
Bedouins of the desert, 352.
Bee-eater, courting of the, 266.
Bird-bergs of Scandinavia, 40, 51.
Birds, love and courtship among, 259;
methods of their wooing, 262;
combats of rival lovers, 272;
unfaithfulness among, 278.
Bird voices of the primitive forest, 215.
Bison, migrations of the, 241, 579.
Brehm, Alfred E., sketch of, xxvii.
Brick tea, 573, 585.
Brooding islands of Scandinavia described, 48, 53;
visits to, 49, 53.
Buffalo, the, 97, 569.
Bulban for decoying black grouse, 142.
Buran or snow-hurricane, 94.
Camel of the Kirghiz, 466, 571.
Capuchin monkeys, 239, 296.
Cat, ancestors of the, 116, 571.
Cataracts of the Nile, 358, 583;
navigation of the, 379.
Cattle of the Kirghiz, 466.
Cembra or stone-pine of Siberia, 128.
Cerastes or horned viper, 178, 575.
Chabir or leader of a caravan, 322.
Chimpanzee, character of the, 311;
story of one, 315.
Chinese breakfast, a, 400.
Climbing plants in primitive forests, 210.
Colonists and Exiles in Siberia, 510, 586;
their conditions of life, 511;
abolition of serfdom, 512;
the crown-estate of Altai, 513;
condition of its inhabitants, 515;
their character, 518;
a peasant’s views, 519;
over-abundant harvests, 521;
early marriages, 522;
marriage customs, 523;
the criminal classes, 524;
their transport and government allowances, 524;
their considerate treatment, 530;
a prison school, 532;
orphan asylum, 533;
among the criminals, 533;
their reformation sought, 534;
convict work in the mines, 534;
attempted escapes, 536.
Convicts in Siberia, 524.
Crested crane, notes of the, 216.
Crocodile, the, 225, 227, 577.
Crocodile-bird, the, 227, 577.
Cuckoo, courting of the, 264;
its polygamy, 279.
Danube, an Ornithologist on the, 540.
Darwin, Charles, xxiv;
his Doctrine of Descent, 317, 438.
Dauw, flight of the, 256.
Desert Journeys, 318;
bargaining with a sheikh, 318;
preparations for a start, 321;
camel-riding, 325;
the Sahara or Great Desert described, 326;
its animal life, 331;
discomforts of the desert journey, 336;
the camel-driver sketched, 338;
a night in the desert, 340;
the oasis, 341;
life at a well in the desert, 345;
a festival of nomads and travellers, 347;
coming of the Simoom, 348;
the mirage, 351;
an interview with Bedouins, 352;
the Nile reached, 355.
Diving-birds in the tundra, 78.
Dog-like monkeys, 296.
Dogs, of the Ostiaks, 429;
of the Kirghiz, 467.
Domesticated animals, ancestors of our, 115, 571.
Dove, courting of the, 266.
Dromedary, the, 466.
Duleb-palm, the, 210.
Dwarf-birch of the tundra, 68.
Eagle, hunting with the, 486.
Eider-duck, the, 40;
its appearance and habits, 41;
her search for a brooding-place, 42;
the nest robbed by the Norseman, 43;
she builds a second nest, 43;
value of the down on her breast, 43, 48, 565;
her remarkable tameness, 45;
the birds steal each other’s eggs, 45;
the ducklings protected and placed in the sea by the natives, 46.
Eider-holms, 40.
Elephant, the, 233.
Elephantine, on the Nile, 359.
Elk, hunting of the, 147; 573.
Exiles. See Colonists.
Faber’s description of a brooding-place, 60.
Fall-trap, used in Siberia, 136.
Family and Social Life among the Kirghiz, 482;
alleged origin of the people, 482;
their true character, 483;
their expert horsemanship, 484;
wrestling, 485;
hunting, 486;
their love of talking, 492;
language, 493;
bards, 493;
education and religious feeling, 494;
good qualities of the people, 494;
family pride and vanity, 495;
social customs and hospitality, 496;
wedding ceremonies, 497;
a lover’s song, 502;
treatment of children, 506;
funeral ceremonies, 507.
Fata Morgana or “devil’s sea”, 351.
Fighting-ruffs, combats of, 102; 570.
Forests of Siberia, 121;
of Africa and America, 571, 572;
forest-fires, 123.
Fox, hunted for its valuable fur, 155; 487.
Fruskagora, hunting and exploring in, 557.
Funeral ceremonies among the Kirghiz, 507.
Gazelle of the desert, 332.
Gecko lizard, the, 186, 575.
Goat of the Kirghiz, 464, 571.
Goat-sucker or night-jar, 193, 266.
Gobi steppe, migrations from the, 242.
Golden plover of the tundra, 78.
Gulls, breeding-places of, 53, 60.
Hare and Hounds, game of, in Nubia, 377.
Hare of Western Siberia, 150.
Hassanie, a Soudanese tribe, 204;
their appearance and singular customs, 204;
their huts, 205;
life of a Hassanie matron, 206.
Hazel-grouse, hunting of the, 142.
Heat in the desert, 170, 574.
Hippopotamus, the, 225, 230.
Hochtiere, an order including man and the monkey, 317.
Hornbill, the, 219, 576.
Horse, among the Kirghiz, 458, 484;
horse-racing, 485.
Hulman and Bunder, monkeys worshipped, 238.
Humboldt, Alexander von, xx.
Hungary, bird-fauna of, 540.
Hyæna-dog of African steppes, 195.
Instinct versus Love, 259.
Isegrim, name for the wolf, 152, 154, 564.
Jerboa of the Asiatic steppes, 108, 570.
Journey, in the Desert, 318;
in Siberia, 390.
Kaisak, Kasak, or Cossack. See Kirghiz.
Kalüm, price of a Kirghiz bride, 499.
Kazan, town of, 393.
Kirghiz, the, 397;
a sample of their poetry, 398.
See Nomad Herdsmen, and Family and Social Life.
Kittiwake, brooding-places of the, 60.
Korti, the Nubians defeated at, 370.
Koumiss, 469, 498.
Kulan, ancestor of the domestic horse, 115, 404, 571;
migrations of the, 245.
Lark of the Asiatic steppes, 105, 115.
Lemming of the tundra, 74;
migrations of, 254, 568, 580.
Lizards in Africa, 185.
Locusts, 230.
Lofodens and their bird-life, 48.
Love and Courtship among Birds, 259;
intelligence and emotional life in animals, 260;
all birds seek to pair, 261;
various methods of bird-wooing, 262;
their songs are love-songs, 263;
their love-flights, 265;
love-dances, 266;
coyness of the female birds, 271, 581;
combats among the rival males, 272;
devotion of birds to their chosen mates, 275;
occasional unfaithfulness, 277;
polygamous birds, 279, 581;
bird widows and widowers, 280, 581.
Love versus Instinct, 259.
Love-dances of birds, 266.
Love-flights of kites, harriers, &c., 265.
Love-song of birds, 263.
Lynx in Siberia, 155.
Mammals, migrations of, 234.
Man-like apes, 308.
Maral stag, hunting of the, 144;
value of his antlers for preparing a Chinese quack specific, 144, 573.
Marmoset, lowest of the monkey order, 291.
Marriage ceremonies among the Kirghiz, 498.
Marsh-harrier, a bird of prey, 102.
Melik el Nimmr, the “panther king”, 371.
Metallic starling, the, 214, 215.
Migrations of Mammals, 234;
causes of periodic migrations, 234;
wanderings of the brown rat, souslik, and mice, 235;
expeditions to obtain better food, 238;
fundamental cause of all true migration, 239;
scarcity of water a cause of migrations, 242;
migration of sea animals, 248;
mad flight of zebras and other animals in South Africa, 256.
Mines of Siberia, convicts in, 534.
Mohammed Aali subjugates the Nubians, 370.
Monkeys. See Apes and Monkeys.
Monkeys, long-tailed, 222, 581.
Mosquito, a terrible pest in the tundra, 81, 568.
Mud-fish of Africa, 183, 575.
Naturalist-travellers, list of works by, xxix.
Nests of birds, 217;
of the bee-eaters, 217;
of the golden weaver-birds, 218;
of the cow weaver-birds, 219;
of finches, 219;
of the hornbills, 219;
of the umber-bird, 220;
of the dwarf peregrine falcon and guinea-dove, 221;
of the African swift, 221;
of the crocodile-bird, 229.
New-World or broad-nosed monkeys, 293.
Nomad Herdsmen and Herds of the Steppes, 451;
domain and tribes of the Kirghiz, 452;
their racial affinities, 452;
physical features, 453;
dress, 453;
dwellings, 454;
wealth reckoned by their herds, 458;
importance of the horse, 458;
their sheep and goats, 464;
cattle, 465;
camels, 466;
dog, 467;
food of the people, 468;
their constant roamings, 470;
the winter camping-ground, 473;
manner of travelling, 474;
milking the animals, 477;
a charming picture of pastoral life, 480.
Northern Lights, the, 38, 86, 443.
Norway, harvest of the sea, 38.
Nubia and the Nile Rapids, 356;
the region of the rapids, 357;
its prehistoric ruins, 359;
vegetation and fauna, 363;
fertility of middle Nubia, 366;
the Nubian and Egyptian contrasted, 368;
Nubia subjugated by the Egyptians, 370;
sketch of the Nubian people, 373;
navigation of the rapids, 379;
a night on one of the rocks, 382;
the voyage down-stream, 383, 388;
a warning unheeded, 388.
Nyke, visit to the, 53;
its immense number of birds, 55.
Oases of the desert, 341.
Obdorsk, annual fair at, 440.
Ohrt, the Ostiak god, 421, 443, 448.
Old-World monkeys, 296.
Omsk, town of, 396.
Ornithologist (an) on the Danube, 540;
a tempting invitation, 541;
scenery on the Danube, 541;
a famous heronry, 544;
bird-life in the marshes, 546;
sea-eagle hunting, 548;
fighting and pairing of the birds, 549;
care for their young, 552;
protection of animal life in Hungary, 554;
a grand river picture, 556;
a wonderful district, 557;
vulture-shooting, 561;
a sail through a forest-wilderness, 563.
Ostiaks, the Heathen, 416;
condition of the people, 416;
probable number of the tribe, 417, 584;
contrasted with Ostiaks of the Greek Church, 418;
their physical features, 421;
language and dress, 422;
dwellings, 423;
employments, 425;
their reindeer and dogs, 426;
constant migrations, 431;
a “bloody meal”, 434;
at night in a tshum, 436;
at a fishing-station, 437;
hunting for game, 439;
the fair of Obdorsk, 440;
evils of brandy-drinking, 440;
marriage customs, 441;
domestic life, 445;
performances and prophecies of a shaman, 445;
religion of the people, 448;
their burial customs, 450.
Ostrich, legend regarding the, 190;
habits and omnivorous appetite of, 191, 576;
breeding of, 192.
Ox of the Kirghiz, 465.
Oyster-catcher, the, 49.
Pairing-cry of birds, 273.
Pallas’s sand-grouse or steppe-grouse, 115, 404.
Palm-tree of the desert, 342.
Pangolin of North Africa, 194.
Phalarope in the tundra, 80, 568.
Philæ, island of, 361, 584.
Pichta fir of Siberia, 128, 394.
Pine-marten, 158;
hunting of the, 161.
Polygamy of some birds, 279.
Primeval Forests of Central Africa, 201;
their magnificence in spring-time, 203;
sailing up the Blue Nile, 204;
a remarkable tribe, 204;
the forest reached, 207;
difficulty of penetrating it, 208;
the baobab-tree and duleb-palm, 209;
bird-fauna of the forest, 213;
varieties of nests, 217;
mammals of the forest, 222;
animal life on the river-banks and islands, 225;
rain-lakes and water-pools of the forest, 229;
visits of the locust, 230;
night in the primeval forest, 231.
Ptarmigan of the tundra, 77
Quagga, flight of the, 256; 569.
Ramwood of the Asiatic steppes, 112.
Rat, invasion of the, 235; 578.
Razor-bill or auk, 57, 61.
Reindeer, 76, 150, 240, 578;
ravages of disease among, 412, 426, 584.
Roe-deer, hunting of the, 146.
Rouble and kopek, 573.
Sable, rarity of the, 157;
hunting the, 161.
Sahara, the, 326.
Salt-steppes, 90, 98.
Salt’s antelope, 223.
Samoyedes, 417, 440.
Sand-grouse of the desert, 334, 570.
Scandinavia, ancient legend concerning, 33;
general aspect of the land, 34;
its fjords, 35;
islands and skerries, 37;
fisheries, 38;
bird-bergs, 40, 51.
Schlangenberg or Snakemount, 107, 129, 157, 408.
Schohazen or Catholic Servians, 555.
Sea-birds, habits of, 39;
value of their eggs and flesh as food, 48.
Sea-eagle hunting in Hungary, 548.
Seal, migrations of the, 250, 580.
Secretary-bird, 184, 187.
Serfdom, abolition of, 512.
Shaman or Ostiak priest, 445, 585.
Sheep of the Kirghiz, 464.
Shendy, massacre at, 371;
Nubians defeated at, 373.
Shrikes, different notes of male and female, 216.
Siberia, false ideas concerning, 120;
its vast forests, 121;
forest-fires, 123;
limited variety of trees, 127;
difficulty of traversing the primeval forests, 130;
their desolateness, 131;
uncertainty of finding game, 132;
Siberian methods of hunting, 135;
the trade in furs and birds’ skins, 135, 573;
game animals of the forests, 136;
hunting of game birds, 140, and of big and smaller game, 144.
Siberia, Journey in, 390;
travelling in winter, 391;
from Europe into Asia, 394;
Western Siberia reached, 395;
Russian hospitality, 395;
a great hunting expedition, 397;
entertained by a Chinese mandarin, 399;
a horrible massacre, 401;
at the Irtish river, 404;
in the Altai Mountains, 404;
camp-life with a Russian general, 405;
summer scene in the Altai, 406;
a voyage on the great river Obi, 408;
an unfortunate exploring expedition, 411;
ravages of disease, 412, 414;
the return home, 415.
Simoom, the, 171, 348.
Skua in the tundra, 79.
Sky-goat, 103, 570.
Souslik, the, 108, 237, 407.
Spiders and scorpions in a night-camp, 178.
Splenic fever, ravages of, 412, 584.
Springbok, flight of the, 257; 580.
Spring-gun of the Ostiaks and Samoyedes, 139.
Squirrels, migrations of, 253.
Steppe, origin and usage of the term, 87, 174.
Steppe-fires, 397.
Steppes, characteristics of the Asiatic, 87;
their scenery, 89;
vegetation, 91, 568;
beauty of the flowers in spring, 95;
animal life in the steppes, 97, 109, 115;
insects and reptiles, 107;
the giant wild sheep, 110;
the kulan or wild horse, 115;
a kulan hunt and capture of a foal, 119.
Steppes of Inner Africa, 168;
sketch of their seasons, 169;
miseries of the winter, 170;
spring heralded by terrible storm and rain, 171;
definition of the African steppe, 174;
inhospitable character of the region, 175;
its vegetation, 176;
difficulties of travelling, 177;
a night’s experience in camp, 177;
fauna of the country, 182;
the bird-fauna, 187;
mammals, 193;
stampede and destruction of animal life caused by the steppe-fire, 198.
Stone-seas in the Nile, 367.
Storks, stories regarding, 276, 277, 278, 281.
Swallow, courting of the, 266.
Swärtholm brooding-place, 60, 62.
Syene, or Sun, on the Nile, 359, 584.
Taiga region in Siberia, 129, 572.
Tarpan of the Dnieper steppes, 115, 571.
Tchukutchak stormed by the Dungani tribe, 401.
Termite or white ant in Africa, 181, 574.
Tiger, hunting of the, 157.
Titmouse, the penduline, 563, 586.
Tiumen, town of, 395.
Tragopan, wooing of the, 267.
Tshum or hut of the Ostiaks, 410, 423.
Tundra of the Polar region, described, 63, 566;
its lakes, 67;
vegetation, 68;
prehistoric animals embedded in its ice-crust, 72, 567;
fauna of the tundra, 72;
characteristic birds, 77;
the mosquito, 81;
autumn and winter in the tundra, 85;
an unhappy expedition to one, 411.
Umber-bird, the, 220, 576.
Ustkamenegorsk, school in, 494.
Vodki in Siberia, 524.
Voles, migrations of the, 253.
Vulture, the crested black, 559.
Wady Halfa, on the Nile, 357, 362, 387, 390.
Wallace, Alfred Russel, xxiv.
Whale, systematic migrations of the, 248.
Wild sheep hunting on the Arkat Mountains, 488.
Willows (sallows) of the tundra, 69.
Wolf, 93, 151, 152, 486, 488, 564.
Wood-ibis, song of the, 216.
Yamaul, messenger of the gods, 446, 447.
Yurt or Kirghiz house, 454, 570.
Zaizan, town of, 403, 494.
Zebra, flight of the, 256.
Zoology, history of, xv.

From North Pole to Equator: Studies of Wild Life and Scenes in Many Lands

About This Book

INDEX.