| INTRODUCTION. |
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PAGE |
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| Rise and progress of railroads |
1 |
| Influence of railroads |
3 |
| Safety of railroad travelling |
5 |
| Preliminary operations |
5 |
| Mechanical principles of locomotion |
6 |
| Determination of character of road |
7 |
| Gauge |
8 |
| General establishment of route |
10 |
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| CHAPTER I. |
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| RECONNOISSANCE. |
| General topography |
12 |
| Barometrical levelling |
18 |
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| CHAPTER II. |
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| SURVEY. |
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| Topographical sketching |
24 |
| General establishment of grades |
32 |
| Equating for grades |
34 |
| Comparison of surveyed lines |
39 |
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| CHAPTER III. |
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| LOCATION. |
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| Alignment |
41 |
| Final adjustment of grades |
46 |
| Comparison of located lines |
47 |
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| CHAPTER IV. |
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| PRELIMINARY OPERATIONS. |
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| Specification |
55 |
| Contract |
81 |
| Solicit |
84 |
| Bid |
85 |
| Comparison of bids |
87 |
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| CHAPTER V. |
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| LAYING OUT WORK. |
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| Slopes |
89 |
| Culverts |
90 |
| Masonry |
91 |
| Tunnels |
95 |
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| CHAPTER VI. |
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| EARTHWORK. |
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| Form of railroad sections |
97 |
| Excavation and embankment |
104 |
| Transport of material |
106 |
| Average haul |
106 |
| Drainage |
109 |
| Method of conducting construction operations |
111 |
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| CHAPTER VII. |
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| ROCKWORK. |
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| Rock excavation |
115 |
| Blasting and quarrying |
115–117 |
| Tunnelling |
118 |
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| CHAPTER VIII. |
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| WOODEN BRIDGING. |
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| Of the forces at work in bridges |
122 |
| Extension |
123 |
| Compression |
123 |
| Cross strain |
124 |
| Detrusion |
126 |
| Strength of materials |
126 |
| Rules for practice |
131 |
| Of the truss |
139 |
| Of the arch |
169 |
| Of the road-way |
174 |
| Lateral bracing |
175 |
| Pile bridging |
178 |
| Trestling |
180 |
| Draw bridges |
181 |
| Centres |
182 |
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| CHAPTER IX. |
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| IRON BRIDGES. |
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| Nature and strength of iron |
192 |
| Classification of iron bridges |
194 |
| Iron truss frames |
195 |
| Suspension bridges |
203 |
| Boiler plate bridges |
223 |
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| CHAPTER X. |
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| STONE BRIDGING. |
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| Of the water-way |
233 |
| Form of the arch |
236 |
| Thickness of voussoirs |
238 |
| Form and thickness of abutments |
239 |
| Form and dimensions of piers |
245 |
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| CHAPTER XI. |
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| MASONRY. |
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| Stone |
248 |
| Cements, mortars, and concretes |
249 |
| Construction of arches, wings, and parapet |
253 |
| Culverts and drains |
255 |
| Retaining walls |
256 |
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| CHAPTER XII. |
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| FOUNDATIONS. |
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| Pile driving, common system |
262 |
| Mitchell’s screw pile |
266 |
| Potts’s atmospheric system |
266 |
| Coffer-dam |
267 |
| Caisson |
269 |
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| CHAPTER XIII. |
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| SUPERSTRUCTURE. |
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| Timber work |
273 |
| Rail section |
276 |
| Chairs and joints |
282 |
| Frogs |
290 |
| Switches |
294 |
| Sidings and crossings |
298 |
| Elevation of exterior rail |
298 |
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| CHAPTER XIV. |
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| EQUIPMENT. |
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| PART I. LOCOMOTIVES. |
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| Introduction |
302 |
| Birth and growth of the locomotive |
302 |
| The English locomotive of 1850 |
304 |
| The American locomotive of 1855 |
305 |
| General description |
306 |
| Mechanical and physical principles |
312 |
| Resistance to the motion of trains |
312 |
| Traction and adhesion |
316 |
| Fuel |
317 |
| Generation of steam |
330 |
| Application of steam |
336 |
| Boiler proportions and dimensions |
340 |
| Rules and tables for practice |
354 |
| Adaptation of locomotives to the movement of trains |
360 |
| Classification of engines |
371 |
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| PART SECOND. |
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| CARS. |
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| Wheels and axles |
396 |
| Classification of cars |
400 |
| Retarding of trains |
401 |
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| CHAPTER XV. |
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| STATIONS. |
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| Classification of buildings |
403 |
| Location of buildings |
403 |
| Terminal passenger house |
403 |
| Terminal freight house |
405 |
| Engine house and appurtenances |
405 |
| Way passenger and freight house |
407 |
| Wood shed and tank |
407 |
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| CHAPTER XVI. |
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| MANAGEMENT. |
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| Organization of employees |
413 |
| Duties of employees |
415 |
| Number of trains to be used |
418 |
| Amount of service of engines |
418 |
| Expenses, receipts, profits |
420 |
| Express trains |
428 |
| Comparative cost of working heavy and light trains |
434 |
| Branch roads |
436 |
| Reproduction of road and of stock |
437 |
| Working railroads by contract |
439 |
| Classification of freight |
439 |
| Time tables |
443 |
| Locomotive registers |
444 |
| Electric telegraph |
454 |
| New York and Erie Railroad |
456 |
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| APPENDIX. |
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| A.—Decimal Arithmetic |
459 |
| B.—Algebraic formulæ |
461 |
| C.—Weights and measures |
464 |
| D.—Value of the Birmingham gauges |
465 |
| E.—Locomotive boilers |
466 |
| F.—Effect of grades on the cost of working |
468 |
| G.—Form for a locomotive specification |
471 |
| H.—Relative cost of transport by railroad and by stage |
476 |
| I.—Form for experimental trips with locomotives |
478 |
| K.—Proper weight for locomotives |
479 |