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History of Central America, Volume 3, 1801-1887 / The Works of Hubert Howe Bancroft, Volume 8 cover

History of Central America, Volume 3, 1801-1887 / The Works of Hubert Howe Bancroft, Volume 8

Chapter 36: INDEX.
By Hubert Howe Bancroft
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About This Book

A chronological account traces the region's transition from late colonial administration to independence and brief incorporation into a neighboring empire, then to attempts at a united federation and subsequent fragmentation. It documents constitutional experiments, partisan rivalries, military interventions, and disputes between central and local authorities, alongside church-state relations, fiscal and administrative challenges, and social reforms such as the abolition of slavery. Combining narrative chapters and analysis, the work explains how recurring internal conflicts, legal initiatives, elections, and external pressures shaped political institutions, regional identities, and state-building throughout the nineteenth century.

INDEX.

  • A
  • Aa, P. V., works of, ii. 745-6.
  • Abibeiba, Cacique, domain of, invaded, 1512, i. 352.
  • Ábrego, F., bishop of Pan., 1569-74, ii. 474-5.
  • Acajutla, battle of, 1524, i. 670-3.
  • Acala, province, Dominicans in, 1550-5, ii. 360; invasion of, ii. 365.
  • 'Accessory Transit Company,' mention of, iii. 341-2; iii. 667-8.
  • Acla, name, i. 418; founding of, 1515, i. 418; massacre at, 1516, i. 441; town of, laid out, i. 441; abandoned, ii. 396.
  • Acosta, J., 'Compendio,' ii. 62.
  • Agriculture, in Cent. Amer., iii. 650-5.
  • Aguado, J., commissioner of inquiry, 1494, i. 176.
  • Aguilar, E., president of Salv., 1846, iii. 291-2.
  • Aguilar, Friar G. de, shipwreck, etc., of, 1512, i. 350; rescue, 1519, i. 350.
  • Aguilar, G. de, bravery of, i. 688-9.
  • Aguilar, M., revolt of, 1811, iii. 12-13; mission of, 1828, iii. 180; jefe of C. R., 1837-8, iii. 183.
  • Aguilar, V., revolt of, 1811, iii. 12-13; vice-president of C. R., 1859, iii. 373.
  • Ahuachapan, siege of, 1876, iii. 403-5.
  • Ahzumanche, Prince, death of, i. 637.
  • Aillon, L. V. de, exped. of, 1520, i. 138; 1523, i. 142-3.
  • Alarcon, H. de, exped. of, 1540, i. 153.
  • Albites, D. de, mission to Nicuesa, 1510, i. 331-3; exped. of, 1515, i. 404-5; battle with Darien Indians, 1516, i. 425; further expeditions, i. 429-30, 471; founds Nombre de Dios, i. 471; in command at Natá, i. 508; gov. of Hond., 1532, ii. 155; death, ii. 155.
  • Albuquerque, A. de, voyage of, 1503, i. 121.
  • Alcaine, M., intercession of, 1855, iii. 261.
  • Alcalde, office of, i. 297-8.
  • Alcántara, M. de, death of, ii. 41.
  • Alcazaba, S. de, exped. of, 1534, i. 150.
  • Alcedo y Herrera, D. de, gov. of Pan., ii. 584.
  • Alderete, ——, gov. of Pan., 1725-30, ii. 583.
  • Alfaro, F., revolt of, 1842, iii. 219.
  • Alfaro, J. M., jefe of C. R., 1842, iii. 224, 226; 1846, iii. 227-8.
  • Almagro, D. de, joins Pedrarias' exped., 1514, i. 391; character, etc., of, ii. 3-4; Pizarro's exped. to Peru, ii. 4-8, 19, 35-40; death, ii. 40.
  • Almagro, D. de jun., assassination of Pizarro, ii. 40-1; execution of, ii. 42.
  • Almansa, F., mention of, iii. 38.
  • Altamirano, Friar D., advice to Cortés, i. 580-1.
  • Altamirano, J. C., bishop of Guat., 1611-15, ii. 664.
  • Alvarado, D. de, exped. of, 1530, ii. 121.
  • Alvarado, G. de, battle of Tacuxcalco, 1524, i. 673; capture of Mixco, 1525, i. 687; conquest of the Mames, 1525, i. 695-702; revolt caused by, ii. 79-80.
  • Alvarado, J. de, gov. of Guat., 1527, ii. 95, 104-5; executor of P. de Alvarado, ii. 207-8.
  • Alvarado, P. de, conquest of Guat., 1522-4, i. 617-62; of Itzcuintlan, 1524, i. 663-5; invasion of Salv., i. 669-76; the Cackchiquel revolts, 1525-6, i. 681-92; ii. 74-85; conquest of the Mames, i. 695-702; exped. to Peru, ii. 38-9, 122-30; return to Mex., ii. 85-6; trial of, ii. 100-4; marriage, ii. 102; return to Guat., 1530, ii. 116-17; residencia, etc., of, ii. 131-2; exped. to Hond., 1535-6, ii. 160-5; 1539, ii. 296-9; departs for Spain, ii. 165; crown grant to, 1538, ii. 203; exped. of, 1539-41, ii. 203-7; death, ii. 207; will, ii. 207-9; character, ii. 209-11; offspring, ii. 211-12.
  • Álvarez, Gen. M., capture, etc., of Walker, 1860, iii. 364.
  • Alzayaga, J. de, exped. of, 1696, ii. 685-6.
  • Alzuru, Col, revolt, etc., of, 1831, iii. 514.
  • Amar y Borbon, A., viceroy of New Gran., 1803, iii. 491.
  • Amatique Bay, discovery of, ii. 650.
  • Amedzaga, J. H. de, gov. of Pan., 1711-16, ii. 583.
  • America, aborigines of, i. 59-68; sighted by Biarne, 986, i. 76; discovery of claimed by Arabs, 1147, i. 78; name of, i. 291-2.
  • 'American Coast Pilot', ii. 758.
  • Amézqueta, B. de, exped. of, 1696, ii. 686-7.
  • Anacaona, Queen, execution of, i. 259-60.
  • Añaquito, battle of, 1546, ii. 254.
  • Andagoya, P. de, exped. to Birú, 1522, i. 139, 502-3; joins Pedrarias, i. 391; works, etc., of, i. 503-4; ii. 247.
  • Andrés, Cacique, guide to Sharp's exped., 1680, ii. 520-3.
  • Angel, Doña M., imposture, etc., of, 1712, ii. 697-701.
  • Angulo, Father, bishop of Vera Paz, 1559, ii. 374.
  • Añino, U., gov. of Pan., 1854, iii. 518; protest of, iii. 518-19.
  • Aniñon, F. de, memorial of, ii. 398-9.
  • Anson, Capt. G., exped. of, 1739-44, ii. 592-3.
  • Antigua, founded by Enciso, 1510, i. 327-8; Balboa in command at, i. 328-30, 338-57; Nicuesa at, i. 334-5; factions in, i. 338-40; growth of, i. 341; prosperity of, i. 385; ranked as a city, 1514, i. 391; scarcity at, i. 396; Indian outbreaks near, 1522, i. 476; abandoned, 1521-4, i. 499.
  • Antonelli, Surveyor J. G., rept of, ii. 399.
  • Apaneca, battle of, 1876, iii. 403-4.
  • Apochpalon, Cacique, meeting with Cortés, etc., 1524, i. 547-50, 557.
  • 'Appendix to Sharp's South Sea Waggoner,' MS., ii. 758.
  • Aquino, A., revolt of, 1833, iii. 168.
  • Arada, battle of, 1850, iii. 279-80.
  • Arana, Licentiate T. I. de, rept of, ii. 707.
  • Aransivia y Sasi, S. de, gov. of Nic., 1721, ii. 607.
  • Arbolancha, P. de, Balboa's envoy to Spain, 1514, i. 384-5; delay of, i. 392; reception, i. 393.
  • Arce, M. J., imprisonment of, iii. 20; defeats Padilla, iii. 58; president of Nic., 1825, iii. 80; rule, iii. 82-94; 'Memoria,' iii. 107; defeat of, 1832, iii. 113; pacification of Nic., 1825, iii. 172; invasion of Salv., 1844, iii. 190-1.
  • 'Archives of the Indies,' i. 195-6.
  • Arellano, J. R. de, bishop of Guat., 1601, ii. 663-4.
  • Argüello, F. de, aids Balboa, i. 441, 450; execution of, 1517, i. 457-9.
  • Argüello, J., vice-jefe of Nic., 1825, iii. 173; contest with Cerda, iii. 174.
  • Aguilar, V., execution of Mora, 1860, iii. 376; death of, iii. 376.
  • Arias, C., provis. president of Hond., 1872-4, iii. 457-60.
  • Arias, G., exped. of, 1529, ii. 109.
  • Aristocrats, attitude, etc., of, in Guat., 1848, iii. 274-6, 281.
  • Ariza, Don A. de, 'Comentas,' ii. 481; gov. of Pan., 1774, ii. 582.
  • Ariza y Torres, Capt. R., revolt of, 1823, iii. 72-3.
  • Aizpuru, Gen. R., revolt of, 1873, iii. 538; revolution of, 1875, iii. 541-2; 1878, iii. 543; president of Pan., iii. 542; occupation of Pan., 1885, iii. 554; arrest, etc., of, iii. 554-5.
  • Armies, of Cent. Amer., iii. 645-9.
  • Arosemena, M., works, etc., of, iii. 489.
  • Arrazola, affair at, 1827, iii. 91.
  • Arteaga, B. de, storming of Mixco, 1525, i. 691.
  • Arteaga y Avendaño, J. de, bishop of Chiap., etc., 1538, ii. 330; death, ii. 330.
  • Arzú, Brigadier M., exped. of, 1822, iii. 60-1; operations of, 1828, iii. 94.
  • Asamblea Nacional Constituyente, see Congress, Central American.
  • Aspinwall, see Colon.
  • Astaburuaga, F. S., 'Repúblicas de Centro-América,' iii. 361.
  • Atahualpa, Inca, Pizarro's invasion, ii. 19-20; capture, etc., of, ii. 21-32; ransom, ii. 32-6; execution, ii. 36-8.
  • Atiquipac, Alvarado at, 1524, i. 666.
  • Atitlan, enslavement of natives in, ii. 234-5.
  • Atlacatl, King, submission of, 1524, i. 674.
  • Audiencias, description of, i. 270-3.
  • Audiencia of the Confines, establd. 1543, ii. 241; jurisd. ii. 241; personnel, ii. 301; seat of the, ii. 301, 310, 370, 400; iii. 326; dispute with Las Casas, etc., ii. 303-7; dissensions, 1696-1702, ii. 661-3.
  • Audiencia of Los Reyes, establd. 1543, ii. 241; jurisd. ii. 241.
  • Audiencia of Panamá, establd. 1533, ii. 57; jurisd., etc., ii. 57-8, 585; abolished, 1533, ii. 241; reëstabld. ii. 464.
  • Audiencia of Santo Domingo, establd. 1526, i. 269; personnel, i. 269-70; jurisd. i. 270.
  • Aury, Commodore, capture of Trujillo, 1820, iii. 24-5.
  • Ávalos, J. de, exped. of, 1525, i. 571-2.
  • Avendaño, Father A. de, mission to the Itzas, 1695, ii. 689-90.
  • Avendaño, D. de, president of Guat., 1642-9, ii. 653.
  • Aycinena, M., jefe of Guat., 1827, iii. 150-2.
  • Aycinena, P., acting president of Guat., 1865, iii. 413.
  • Ayora, J. de., exped. of, 1514, i. 396-402; outrages of, i. 399-402; escape, i. 402.
  • Ayuntamientos, functions, etc., of, iii. 8-10; votes of on union with Mex., 1821, iii. 53-4.
  • Ayza, J. de, gov. of Nic., ii. 608.
  • Azmitia, J. A., cabinet minister, 1845, iii. 268-9, 272.
  • B
  • Bacalar, fort built at, ii. 625.
  • Bachicao, H., exped. to Pan., ii. 254-5.
  • Bachiller, definition, etc., of word, i. 297.
  • Badajoz, Capt. G. de, joins Pedrarias' exped. 1514, i. 390; exped. of, 1515, i. 412-17; defeat, i. 415-17; meeting with Espinosa, i. 420-1.
  • Badillo, J. de, exped., etc., of, 1537, ii. 54-7.
  • Balboa, V. N. de, character, i. 324, 454-5; early career, i. 324-5; gov. of Antigua, i. 329-30, 338-56; diplomacy, etc., of, i. 338-40; exped. against Careta, i. 354-6; visit to Comagre, i. 347-9; Panciaco's story, i. 347-8; exped. to Dabaiba, 1512, i. 351-2; defeats confederated tribes, i. 353; charges against, i. 356-7; crosses the Isthmus of Darien, i. 358-74; defeats Porque, i. 363-4; discovers the South Sea, etc., 1513, i. 129, 364-73; encounter with Chiapes, i. 369; canoe voyage of, i. 374-5; Tumaco's story, etc., i. 375-7; return to Antigua, i. 378-84; pacifies Teoca, i. 378; cruelty to Poncra, i. 379-80; Pocorosa's statement, i. 381; captures Tubanamá, i. 381-3; sickness at Comagre, i. 383; spoils of exped., i. 384-5; superseded by Pedrarias, 1514, i. 393-4; trial of, i. 395; exped., 1515, i. 406-7; feud with Dávila, i. 432-3, 437; capt.-gen. of Coiba and Pan., i. 435; betrothal, i. 439; reëstablishes Acla, 1516, i. 441; ship-building on the Balsas, 1517, i. 441-5; at the Pearl Islands, i. 445-52; fate of, forecast, i. 447-8; arrest of, i. 452-3; trial, i. 456-7; execution, 1517, i. 457-9.
  • Balsas, Rio de las, ship-building on the, 1517, i. 442-5.
  • Barahona, Admiral J. de, naval combat off Pan., 1680, ii. 535-7.
  • Barbacoas, Morgan at, 1671, ii. 499.
  • Barillas, M. L., president of Guat., 1886, iii. 451-2; cabinet, iii. 452.
  • Barker, A., exped. to Hond., 1576, ii. 637-8.
  • Barranco, ——, bishop of Hond., 1811-19, iii. 631.
  • Barrientos, Vicar P. de, mention of, 1576, ii. 374.
  • Barriere, P., proceedings of, iii. 45.
  • Barrionuevo, Capt. F. de, gov. of Castilla del Oro, ii. 46, 51.
  • Barrios, Gen. G., defence of Leon, 1844, iii. 199; at San Miguel, iii. 201; operations of, 1857, iii. 300; pronunciamiento, etc., of, iii. 301; coup d'état, iii. 302; president of Salv., iii. 302; operations, 1863, iii. 304-6; besieged at San Salv., iii. 306; capture and execution, 1865, iii. 307.
  • Barrios, J. R., revolution of, 1871, iii. 419-24; president of Guat., 1873-85, iii. 429-49; invasion of Salv., 1876, iii. 402-5; 1885, iii. 409-10; efforts for confed. of Cent. Amer., 1883-5, iii. 442-9; quarrel with Soto, 1883, iii. 467-8; character, iii. 431-2; attempted assassination of, iii. 443-4; death, 1885, iii. 410, 449.
  • Barrios y Leal, president of Guat., 1688-95, ii. 659-61; exped. of, 1695, ii. 682-4; death, ii. 685.
  • Barroeta, R., vice-president of C. R., 1872, iii. 381-2.
  • Barrundia, J. F., imprisonment, etc., of, iii. 18-19; revolutionary measures, iii. 33, 86-7; jefe of Guat., 1824, iii. 146; rule, iii. 146-8; president, 1829, iii. 102; rule, iii. 102-12; negotiations with Carrera, iii. 129-30.
  • Baskerville, Sir T., defeat of, 1595, ii. 422.
  • Bastidas, R. de, exped., etc., of, 1500-2, i. 114, 183-94; biog., i. 195.
  • Battles, Tonalá, 1524, i. 628; Xelahuh, 1524, i. 639-41; Acajutla, 1524, i. 670-3; Tacuxcalco, 1524, i. 673-4; Iztapa, 1524, ii. 216-17; Canales, 1526, ii. 83; Patinamit, 1526, ii. 84; Panamá, 1671, ii. 504-6; Villanueva, 1838, iii. 135-6; Arada, 1850, iii. 279-80; Santa Ana, 1871, iii. 395-6; Apaneca, 1876, iii. 403-4; Pasaquina, 1876, iii. 404; Naranjo, 1876, iii. 462.
  • Bay Islands, colony of, establd. 1850, iii. 319.
  • Bayano, ——, campaign of, ii. 387-8.
  • Bazan, J. de V., gov. of Pan., ii. 479; rule, ii. 479-80.
  • Beatriz, Doña, grief of, ii. 311-12; gov. of Guat., 1541, ii. 312-13; death, ii. 317.
  • Becerra, F., exped. of, destroyed, 1515, i. 403.
  • Behaim, M., map of globe, 1492, i. 93.
  • Belen River, Columbus at, 1503, i. 218-19.
  • Belen, village, Nicuesa's exped. at, 1510, i. 305-6.
  • Belgium, colonization scheme in Guat., iii. 589-90.
  • Belize, origin of name, ii. 624; woodcutters in, ii. 624-35; Figueroa's exped. to, ii. 624-8; map, ii. 627; English claims, ii. 629-31; treaties concerning, ii. 632-4; O'Neill's exped. to, 1798, ii. 635; iii. 314; rights of settlers in, iii. 313-14; commerce, etc., of, iii. 317.
  • Belly, F., works of, iii. 263.
  • Benalcazar, Capt. S. de, joins Pedrarias' exped., 1514, i. 391; conquest of Peru, ii. 15, 26, 38-9.
  • Bienvenida, Friar L. de, mission to C. R., 1540, ii. 185.
  • Benzoni, G., exped. to C. R., 1545, ii. 192-9; works, etc., of, ii. 232-3.
  • Berenger, 'Collection,' ii. 751-2.
  • Berlanga, Friar T. de, alleged miracle, etc., of, 1537, ii. 59.
  • Bermejo, J., the Contreras revolt, 1550, ii. 274-86; defeat at Pan., ii. 284-6; death, ii. 286.
  • Berrospe, G. S. de, president of Guat., 1696-1701, ii. 661-2.
  • Betanzos, D. de, convent founded by, 1529, ii. 135-6.
  • Betanzos, Father P. A. de, labors of, 1555-70, ii. 432-3.
  • Bethlehemites, in Guat., ii. 666-7.
  • Biamonte y Navarra, J. B. de, gov. of Pan., ii. 480.
  • Birú, Andagoya's exped. to, 1522, i. 502-3.
  • Birues, de, exped. of, 1515, i. 407.
  • Blanco, M., pronunciamiento of, 1868, iii. 378.
  • Blewfields, population, etc., of, 1847, iii. 249.
  • Bobadilla, Commissioner F. de, proceedings of, at Española, 1500-2, i. 180-1, 248-9; enslavement of natives, i. 266.
  • Bobadilla, Friar F. de, labors of, in Nic., ii. 184-5.
  • Bobadilla, J. F., gov. of C. R., 1780, ii. 622.
  • Bogran, Gen. L., president of Hond., 1883, iii. 468.
  • Bolivar, S., congress at Pan., 1826, iii. 511-12; at Angostura, iii. 513.
  • Bonnycastle, R. H., 'Spanish America,' iii. 248.
  • Bordone, B., map of, 1528, i. 144.
  • Borland, S., U. S. minister, interference of, iii. 255.
  • Bosch, L. van der, writings of, ii. 745.
  • Botello, L., execution of, 1517, i. 457-9.
  • Boucher, G., 'Bibliothèque Universelle,' ii. 760.
  • Bourbourg, B. de, 'Histoire des Nations Civilisées du Mexique,' i. 201.
  • Bradley, Capt., foray on the Hacha, 1670, ii. 491; captures San Lorenzo, ii. 494-6.
  • Brigantine, picture of, i. 189.
  • Briones, Capt., exped. to Hond., 1524, i. 525; treachery of, i. 526; Olid's assassination, i. 531-3; execution of, i. 534.
  • Briones, J. A. L. de, gov. of Nic., 1744, ii. 607.
  • Buccaneering, origin of, ii. 451-3.
  • Buccaneers, name, ii. 452; mode of life, ii. 454-6; excesses, etc., of, ii. 489-90.
  • Buena Esperanza, founding of, 1535, ii. 157; abandoned, 1536, ii. 161-2.
  • Buitrago, P., director of Nic., 1841-3, iii. 238-9.
  • Bure, G. F. de, 'Bibliographique Instructive,' ii. 760.
  • Burnaby, Sir W., mission to Belize, ii. 630.
  • Burney, J., works of, ii. 753.
  • Bustamante y Guerra, Gen. J., capt.-gen. of Guat., 1811, iii. 6; biog., iii. 6-7; rule, iii. 6-21.
  • C
  • Caballon, Licentiate J. de, defeats Gaitan, 1554, ii. 425; exped. of, 1560-2, ii. 425-6.
  • Caballos, Puerto de, name, i. 519; L'Olonnois' raid on, ii. 458.
  • Cabañas, T., siege of Leon, 1844, iii. 199; at San Miguel, iii. 201; defeat at Quelepa, iii. 202; president of Hond., 1852-5, iii. 321-2; character, etc., iii. 321.
  • Cabello, D., gov. of Nic., 1766, ii. 608.
  • Cabezas Islands, Drake at, ii. 407-8, 414, 416.
  • Cabezas, R., jefe of Guat., 1830, iii. 153; biog., iii. 153-4.
  • Cabot, J., voyage of, i. 98-9.
  • Cabot, S., voyages of, i. 98-9, 108-9, 143.
  • Cabral, P. A., voyage of, 1500, i. 113-14.
  • Cabrera, P., surprised by Verdugo, ii. 263.
  • Cáceres, Capt., captures Lempiras's stronghold, 1537, ii. 291-2; treachery of, ii. 291-2.
  • Cackchiquel, map of, i. 629.
  • Cakchiquels, power, etc., of the, i. 621; subjugation, 1524, i. 652-7; revolt of the, 1524-5, i. 681-92; 1526, ii. 79-85; 1534, ii. 130.
  • Cacos, party, iii. 26-7; revolutionary movements, iii. 33; policy, iii. 42-3.
  • Caibil Balam, Cacique, submission of, 1525, i. 702.
  • Caicedo, J. de, mention of, i. 333.
  • Calancha, J. L., president of Pan., 1864-5, iii. 533.
  • Cáldas, S. A. A. R. de, president of Guat., 1667-70, ii. 658-9.
  • Cáldas, President, 'Copia de Carta,' ii. 761-2.
  • Calderon, A., bishop of Pan., ii. 475.
  • Calimaya, Conde S. de, president of Guat., 1654, ii. 657.
  • Calvo, B., gov. of Pan., 1856, iii. 527-8.
  • Camachire, Cacique, torture, etc., of, ii. 194-5.
  • Cámara y Raya, bishop of Pan., 1614, ii. 477-8.
  • Camargo, A. de, exped. of, 1539, i. 151.
  • Camargo, M. de, gov. of Nic., ii. 607.
  • Cambranes, F., bishop of Guat., ii. 378.
  • Campbell, Capt., the Scots' colony, ii. 578-9.
  • Campo, R., president of Salv., 1856, iii. 300-2.
  • Campoy, F. de P., bishop of Hond., 1841, iii. 631.
  • Camus, A. G., works of, ii. 760.
  • Can, M. F., embassy of, 1695, ii. 689.
  • Cana, sack of, ii. 586.
  • Canales, battle of, 1526, ii. 83.
  • Cañas, A. J., minister to U. S., 1825, iii. 81.
  • Cañas, J., ruler of Salv., 1840, iii. 143.
  • Cañas, Gen. J. M., mention of, iii. 345-6; execution of, iii. 376.
  • Cancer, Friar L., labors in Vera Paz, etc., ii. 353-5; exped. to Flor., ii. 355-6; martyrdom, 1549, ii. 356; biog., ii. 357.
  • Cancuc, revolt at, 1712, ii. 697-704.
  • Candia, P. de, conquest of Peru, ii. 11, 13.
  • Cano, Friar A., mission of, 1685, ii. 680.
  • Capac, M., inca of Peru, ii. 38; revolt of, ii. 39; defeat of, ii. 40.
  • Carabajal, D. de, naval combat off Pan., 1680, ii. 535-7.
  • Caravel, picture of, i. 187.
  • Carbajal, Friar A. de, bishop of Pan., 1605-11, i. 476-7.
  • Carbajal, R. de, mission to Pan., ii. 256-7; gov. of Pan., 1779, ii. 584.
  • Cárcamo y Rodriguez, bishop of Salv., iii. 632.
  • Cárdenas, A., president of Nic., 1883, iii. 485.
  • Cárdenas, Father T. de, bishop of Vera Paz, 1565, ii. 374-5.
  • Cardona, J. de L., founds Quezaltenango, 1524, i. 638.
  • Careta, Cacique, capture, etc., of, 1511, i. 343-6; friendship for Balboa, i. 359, 399; cruel treatment of, i. 399-400.
  • Caribs, of Hond., iii. 609-10.
  • Carrillo, B., revolt at Leon, 1812, iii. 14.
  • Carrillo, Capt. L., Pedrarias' exped., 1514, i. 390; Balboa's exped., 1515, i. 406; death, i. 407.
  • Carranza, B., provis. president of C. R., 1870, iii. 379-80.
  • Carrasco, Licentiate, bishop-elect of Nic., ii. 434-5.
  • Carrascosa, A., mention of, ii. 15.
  • Carreño, J. M., intendente of Panamá, 1822, iii. 508-9.
  • Carrera, R., insurrection of, 1837, iii. 124-8; biog., iii. 125; negotiations with, iii. 129-30; captures Guat., iii. 131-2; defeat at Villanueva, iii. 135-6; capitulation, iii. 137-8; pronunciamiento of, 1839, iii. 140; defeats Morazan, iii. 141-2; negotiations with Guzman, iii. 203; manifesto of, iii. 207-8; despotism of, iii. 264-7; president of Guat., 1844, iii. 267; plot against, iii. 268; attempted assassination of, iii. 269; revolution against, 1847-8, iii. 271-3; resignation, 1848, iii. 274; return to Guat., 1849, iii. 277-8; commander-in-chief, iii. 278; proscription, iii. 279; operations, 1850, iii. 280; president for life, 1854, iii. 282; rule, iii. 283; campaigns of, 1863, iii. 304-7; death, iii. 283-4.
  • Carrillo, B., jefe of Costa Rica, 1835, iii. 181; 1838, iii. 183; rule, iii. 182-4, 215-17.
  • Carrillo, Capt. L., defence of Granada, 1550, ii. 277.
  • Carrion, Oidor J., mention of, iii. 494.
  • Cartagena, Ojeda's defeat at, 1509, i. 298-9; Enciso at, 1510, i. 322-3; Heredia at, 1532, ii. 47-8; Drake at, 1572, ii. 407-9; captured by Drake, 1586, ii. 420; description of, ii. 579-80; captured by filibusters, 1697, ii. 580; bombarded by Vernon, 1740, ii. 591; revolt at, 1810, iii. 493; 1812, iii. 494-5.
  • Cartago, description of, ii. 445; Mansvelt's raid on, ii. 461-2; conspiracy at, 1823, iii. 66; revolt at, 1835, iii. 182; 1875, iii. 385.
  • Casa de Contratacion de las Indias, origin of, 1493, i. 168; description of, i. 282-3.
  • Casas, F. de las, exped. against Olid, 1524, i. 528-34; Olid's assassination, i. 531-3; departure for Mex., i. 533.
  • Casas, B. de las, see Las Casas, B. de.
  • Casaos, P. de, capt.-gen. of Pan., 1545, ii. 258-9.
  • Casaus y Torres, R., archbishop of Guat., iii. 29-30; biog., iii. 30.
  • Cascaras, Brigadier F., campaign of, 1827, iii. 92-3.
  • Casillas, Friar T., mention of, ii. 345.
  • Casillas, Father P., bishop of Chiap., 1550, ii. 373.
  • Casorla, J. R., president of Pan., 1878, iii. 543.
  • Castañeda, D. de, exped. of, 1548, ii. 186.
  • Castañeda, F. de, gov. of Nic., 1531, ii. 166-7; misrule, ii. 167-9; flight, etc., ii. 169.
  • Castañeda, Col V., vice-president of Guat., 1886, iii. 451.
  • Castañon, C., gov. of Chiap., iii. 38.
  • Castellanos, F. de, campaign of, 1530, ii. 111-13.
  • Castellanos, J. de, works of, ii. 60-1.
  • Castellanos, V., president of Hond., 1862, iii. 324-5.
  • Castellon, F., revolt of, 1854-5, iii. 259-61.
  • Castile, kingdom of, i. 10.
  • Castilla, Dr A. C. de, president of Guat., 1598-1609, ii. 649-51.
  • Castilla del Oro, (see also Panamá), name, i. 294-5; Nicuesa's exped. to, 1509-10, i. 294-308; maps of, i. 323; ii. 49.
  • Castillo, Friar B. del, adventures, etc., of, ii. 172-5.
  • Castillo, M. S. del, president of Salv., iii. 302.
  • Castillo, N. del, president of Nic., 1856, iii. 351-2.
  • Castro, J. A., mediation of, iii. 219-20; minister-gen. of C. R., 1843, iii. 224.
  • Castro, J. M., president of C. R., 1847, iii. 228-30; 1866, iii. 377; resignation, iii. 236.
  • Castro, V. de, mission to Peru, ii. 250-1.
  • Caxamalca, Pizarro at, ii. 21-38.
  • Cebaco, Cacique, dealings with Hurtado, 1516, i. 427.
  • Célis, D. G. de, mission to Alvarado, 1835-6, ii. 161-2; complaints against, ii. 163-4.
  • Cemaco, Cacique, defeated by Enciso, 1510, i. 326-7; by Pizarro, 1511, i. 344; victory of, i. 352-3.
  • Central America, enslavement, etc., of natives in, ii. 232-9; the new laws, 1543, ii. 240-4; historical review of, ii. 733-5; revolution in, 1818-21, iii. 23-41; union with Mex., 1821-2, iii. 42-59; confederation, iii. 60-78; seal of, iii. 71; constitution, iii. 75-7; treaty with Colombia, 1825, iii. 81; with U. S., iii. 81; designs of Fernando VII., iii. 105-6; Spaniards excluded from, iii. 106; republic of, dissolved, 1837-40, iii. 127-44; attempted unification of, 1883-5, iii. 442-9; physical features, etc., iii. 560-5; population, 1883-5, iii. 587-8; colonization in, iii. 588-94; castes, iii. 594-6; diseases, etc., in, iii. 619-20; education in, iii. 621-7; church and clergy, iii. 627-37; administr. of justice, iii. 638-45; military affairs, iii. 645-9; agric., iii. 650-5; mining, iii. 655-60; manufact., iii. 660-2; commerce, iii. 663-7, 675; navigation, iii. 667-8; roads, iii. 669; currency, iii. 669-70, 675-6; mails, iii. 671-2; finances, iii. 677-87; debt, iii. 677-87; railroads, iii. 700-2, 706-8; telegraphs, iii. 708-9.
  • Cenú, treasure found at, ii. 48.
  • Cerda, C. de la, capitulation, etc., of, iii. 86.
  • Cerda, M. A. de la, jefe of Nic., 1825, iii. 173; contest with Argüello, iii. 174; execution, iii. 174.
  • Cereceda, A. de, gov. of Hond., ii. 146-7, 155-64; imprisonment, etc., of, 1531, ii. 151-3; counter-revolution of, ii. 154; exped. to Naco, ii. 156-7; dispute with Cueva, ii. 158-9; appeal to Alvarado, ii. 160-1; complaints of, ii. 163.
  • Cerna, V., president of Guat., 1865-71, iii. 413-23.
  • Cerrato, A. L. de, juez de residencia, ii. 183-4, 308-9; president of the audiencia of the Confines, ii. 308-10; administr., ii. 326-7.
  • Cervera, D., president of Pan., 1880-4, iii. 544-9.
  • Cesar, F., mention of, ii. 50-1; exped., 1536, ii. 52; 1537-8, ii. 53-5; death, ii. 56.
  • Chacon, J. M., president of Guat. constituent congress, 1824, iii. 145.
  • Chacujal, Cortés at, 1525, i. 569-70.
  • Chagre River, Cueto at, 1510, i. 305.
  • Chahúl, capture of, 1530, ii. 112.
  • Chalchuapa, assault on, 1885, iii. 410.
  • Chamorro, F., suprema delegado, 1844, iii. 189, 194, 196.
  • Chamorro, F., director of Nic., 1853, iii. 256; provis. president, 1854, iii. 258; revolt against, iii. 259; death, iii. 259-60.
  • Chamorro, P. J., president of Nic., 1875-9, iii. 481-2.
  • Chamula, capture of, 1524, ii. 221-5.
  • Charles V., the rebellion in Peru, ii. 265.
  • Chatfield, Consul, F., mediation of, requested, 1839-40, iii. 186-7; the Mosquito, difficulty, iii. 251; demands on Salv., iii. 297-8; negotiations, etc., of, iii. 318-19.
  • Chaves, F. de, death of, ii. 41.
  • Chaves, H. de, battle of Xelahuh, 1524, i. 139; exped. to Zacatepec, 1527, ii. 89; capture of Copan, 1530, ii. 113-15.
  • Chaves, Capt. J. de, exped. of, 1836, ii. 164-5.
  • Chiapas, ancient inhabitants of, ii. 214; conquest of, 1524-6, ii. 215-27; settlement, etc., of, ii. 228-31; church affairs in, ii. 229-30, 328-39, 373-5, 712-13; maps of, ii. 331; iii. 39; the new laws, ii. 332-3, 338; prosperity of, ii. 669; character of population, ii. 669-70; govt, etc., of, ii. 670-1; the Tzendal revolt, 1712-13, ii. 696-705; population, 1813, iii. 36; education, iii. 37; industries, iii. 38; revolution in, iii. 38-41.
  • Chiapas, city, coat of arms, ii. 330.
  • Chiapas de los Indios, founding of, 1526, iii. 227.
  • Chiapas, stronghold, capture of, 1524, ii. 217-20; 1526, ii. 226-7.
  • Chiapes, Cacique, encounter with Balboa, 1513, i. 369.
  • Chepo, Cacique, execution of, 1515, i. 404.
  • Cherino, D. de A., gov. of C. R., etc., 1573, ii. 430; exped. of, 1575, ii. 430-1.
  • Chignautecs, defeat of the, 1525, i. 688-9; submission, i. 690.
  • Chilapan, Cortés at, 1524, i. 542.
  • Chilun, captured by Tzendales, 1712, ii. 698.
  • Chinameca, treaty of, 1845, iii. 203-4.
  • Chinandega, pacto de, iii. 187-90; convention of, iii. 187-8; capture, etc., of, 1845, iii. 241-2.
  • Chiracona, Cacique, torture, etc., of, 1516, i. 429-30.
  • Chiriquí, revolt in, 1526, i. 509; province of, organized, 1849, iii. 516-17.
  • Chiriquita, captured by freebooters, 1686, ii. 556.
  • Chirú, Cacique, capture of, i. 423.
  • Choles, attempted conversion of, 1675-88, ii. 679-80.
  • Choluteca, affair at, 1844, iii. 194.
  • Chroniclers, early, credibility of, discussed, i. 317-20.
  • Church, tithes, ii. 139-40; affairs of in Hond., ii. 299-301, 641-2, 712-13; in Chiap. ii. 328-39, 373, 712-13; in Guat., ii. 341-8, 663-9, 710-12, 728-33; in Vera Paz, ii. 353-4, 374-5; in Soconusco, ii. 372; in Nic., ii. 612-17; religious orders suppressed, 1870-4, iii. 425-7; history of the, iii. 627-37.
  • Cihuatlan, Cortés in, 1524, i. 542-3.
  • Cimarrones, depredations, etc., of, ii. 366-9; Drake's exped., ii. 407-17; Oxenham's exped., ii. 418.
  • Ciudad Real, founding, etc., of, 1528, ii. 229-30; a cathedral city, 1538, ii. 329; revolt, etc., at, 1712-13, ii. 705; flood at, 1785, ii. 706; revolution at, iii. 39-40.
  • Clayton-Bulwer Treaty, 1850, iii. 252.
  • Clergy, expatriation of, 1829, iii. 103-4; immorality of, iii. 472-3; privileges, etc., of, iii. 627-9, 636-7.
  • Climate of Cent. Amer., iii. 561-2.
  • Coatepeque, Carrera's repulse at, 1863, iii. 304.
  • Coats of arms, Chiap., ii. 330; Guat., iii. 147; C. R., iii. 229.
  • Coco, affair at, 1885, iii. 410.
  • Cocori, Cacique, seizure, etc., of, ii. 194-5, 197.
  • Code, organic, iii. 8-10.
  • Codro, M., forecasts Balboa's fate, i. 447-8.
  • Coiba, reported wealth of, i. 343-5.
  • Cole, B., mention of, iii. 328.
  • 'Coleccion de Documentos Inéditos,' i. 200.
  • Colindres, M., mention of, iii. 339.
  • 'Collection of Voyages and Travels,' ii. 746.
  • Colmenares, R. E. de, exped. to Veragua, 1510, i. 331; relieves Nicuesa, i. 331-2; exped. to Dabaiba, 1512, i. 351-2; mission to Spain, 1514, i. 388.
  • Colombia, insurrection in, 1820, iii. 24-5; treaty with, 1825, iii. 81; C. R. boundary question, iii. 233-5; Pan. annexed to, 1821, iii. 506-8; republic of, organized, 1819, iii. 513; severed, iii. 519.
  • Colon, disturbances at, 1885, iii. 551-3; destruction of, iii. 553.
  • Colon, D. de, mention of, i. 174-5; gov. of Española, 1509, i. 268; rule, etc., i. 268-9, 273; death, 1526, i. 274.
  • Colon, L., suit, etc., of, 1538-40, ii. 64.
  • Columbus, B., adelantado, 1494, i. 173; character, i. 175-6.
  • Columbus, C., voyages of, i. 86-97, 109-11, 119-20; theory of, i. 92-3; biog., etc., i. 155-7; character, i. 156-7, 171-2, 181, 232-8; agreement with the crown, i. 157-8; exped. of, 1492-3, i. 158-64; 1493-5, i. 168-76; 1498-1500, i. 177-82; 1502-4, i. 202-31; charges against, i. 176; arrest, etc., of, i. 181-2; enslavement of natives, i. 253-5, 262, 265-6; death, 1506, i. 231.
  • Columbus, F., biog., i. 203-4; 'La Historia,' i. 204.
  • Colunje, J., president of Pan., 1865-6, iii. 533-4.
  • Comagre, Cacique, Balboa's visit to, 1512, i. 347-9.
  • Comayagua, founding of, 1539, ii. 293-4; capture of, 1827, iii. 162; description of, iii. 570-1.
  • Commerce, of Guat., ii. 383-4; of Pan., ii. 390-3, 587, 594; Asiatic, ii. 391-2; of Nic., ii. 438; contraband, ii. 473-4; of Cent. Amer., iii. 663-7.
  • Compañon, F., mention of, ii. 442-5; at the Pearl Islands, 1517, i. 452, 467; gov. of Natá, i. 508-9; dispute with Córdoba, i. 586.
  • 'Compendium of Authentic and Entertaining Voyages,' ii. 750.
  • Concepcion, founding, etc., of, ii. 67, 70.
  • Concepcion, convent, founded at Granada, 1528, ii. 184.
  • Concepcion, R. de la, conspiracy of, iii. 18.
  • 'Confederacion Centro Americana,' established 1844, iii. 188-9.
  • Congress, Central American, installed, 1823, iii. 67-8; measures, iii. 68-78; parties, iii. 69-70.
  • Congress, federal, measures, iii. 79-85, 118-19; dissolved, iii. 88; reassembled, iii. 102; last session, 1838, iii. 134.
  • Contreras, H. de, revolt of, 1550, ii. 274-88; death of, ii. 287-8.
  • Contreras, Brigadier J. T. de, defection of, 1821, iii. 46; revolution against, iii. 46.
  • Contreras, P. de, revolt of, 1550, ii. 274-88.
  • Contreras, R. de, gov. of Nic., ii. 169-71; exped. to El Desaguadero, ii. 170-1, 175-6; arrest, etc., of, ii. 177; residencia of, ii. 178-9, 183-4; charges against, ii. 180-2; dispute, etc., with Gutierrez, ii. 190.
  • Copan, capture of, ii. 113-15.
  • Córdoba, F. H. de, voyage of, 1517, i. 132; exped. to Nic., 1524, i. 512-14.
  • Córdoba, G. F. de, bishop of Nic., 1535, ii. 435; of Guat., 1574, ii. 378-80.
  • Córdoba, H. de, defection of, i. 578-80, 584; Pedrarias' exped. against, i. 587-9; execution of, 1526, 589.
  • Cornejo, J. M., intrigues of, iii. 115-16; rebellion, 1832, iii. 116; defeat of, iii. 117-18; jefe of Salv., 1829-32, iii. 167.
  • Coronado, A. de, gov. of Pan., 1604, ii. 464.
  • Coronado, F. V. de, exped. of, 1540, i. 152.
  • Coronado, J. V., exped. of, ii. 427-30; gov. of C. R., 1565, ii. 430.
  • Corpus, affair at, 1844, iii. 310.
  • Corral, D. del, mission to Nicuesa, 1510, i. 331-3; intrigues, etc., of, i. 341; gov. of Antigua, 1522, i. 476.
  • Corral, Gen., negotiations of, 1855, iii. 260; capitulation with Walker, 1855, iii. 335; execution of, iii. 337-8.
  • Corregidor, jurisd., etc., of, i. 297.
  • Corregimientos, suppression of, 1660-1790, ii. 715-16.
  • Correoso, B., president of Pan., 1868-72, iii. 537-8; 1878, iii. 543; works of, iii. 559.
  • Cortereal, G., voyage of, 1500, i. 114; 1501, i. 117.
  • Córtes, decree of, iii. 5; memorial to, iii. 7; proceedings, iii. 30-1.
  • Cortés, H., exped. of, 1519, i. 133-4; popularity, etc., of, i. 522-3; Olid's exped., i. 524-8; exped. to Hond., 1524-6, i. 537-81; rumored death of, i. 544; machinations against, i. 572-5, 580-1; return to Mex., i. 582; Alvarado's exped., 1523-4, i. 627; Pizarro's, ii. 12, 14, 40.
  • Cortés, Archbishop, administr. of, 1778-9, ii. 726.
  • Cortés y Larraz, Dr P., archbishop of Guat., 1768, ii. 730-2.
  • Corzo, Pilot, explorations of, ii. 246.
  • Cosa, J. de la, map of, i. 115-16; friendship for Ojeda, i. 294; death of, 1509, i. 299.
  • Cosigüina, volcano, eruption of, 1835, iii. 176-7.
  • Cosío y Campa, T. J. de, president of Guat., 1712-16, ii. 703-6; the Tzendal campaign, 1712-13, ii. 704-5.
  • Costa Rica, Gutierrez exped. to, 1540-5, ii. 187-99; maps of, ii. 188; iii. 184, 234; Franciscans in, 1555-90, ii. 432-3; secession, 1821, iii. 49; union with Mex., iii. 66; assembly, iii. 178-9, 217-18, 224-5, 228, 374, 378-86; Nicoya incorporated with, 1825, iii. 179; location of capital, iii. 181; a state, iii. 183-4; secession, 1848, iii. 208-9; Morazan's invasion, 1842, iii. 216-17; Alfaro's revolt, iii. 219-22; constitution, iii. 225, 228, 374, 378, 381; arms of, iii. 229; a republic, iii. 230; treaties, iii. 230; boundary question, iii. 231-6; Walker's exped., 1855, iii. 342-5; 1856-7, iii. 354-61; war with Nic., 1857, iii. 362; Mora's invasion of, iii. 387; independence of, threatened, 1885, iii. 389-90; difficulty with Nic., 1873-5, iii. 478-82; extent, iii. 565-6; polit. divisions, etc., iii. 566; cities, iii. 566-7; population, iii. 587-8; colonization schemes, iii. 593; character of population, iii. 596-7; dwellings, iii. 597; food, etc., iii. 597-8; markets, iii. 598; dress, iii. 598-9; amusements, iii. 599; education, iii. 622; church affairs, iii. 634-5; administr. of justice, iii. 643-4; army, iii. 646; agric., iii. 653-4; mining, iii. 658; revenue, etc., iii. 683-4; debt, iii. 684-5; railroads, iii. 708.
  • Council of the Indies, description of the, i. 280-2; decree of the, 1519, ii. 237.
  • Coxon, Capt., commander-in-chief of pirates, 1680, ii. 527; defection of, ii. 537-8.
  • Creoles, condition, etc., of the, iii. 595-6.
  • Crowe, F., 'The Gospel in Cent. Amer.,' iii. 709.
  • Cruces, pillage of, 1550, ii. 281; captured by Drake, 1572, ii. 413-14; Morgan at, 1671, ii. 500.
  • Cruz, Gen. S., rebellion of, 1867-70, iii. 414-18.
  • Cruz, Brigadier V., vice-president of Guat., 1845, iii. 269; revolt of, 1848, iii. 276-7; death, 277.
  • Cruz, Col V. M., revolt of, 1872, iii. 428-9.
  • Cuba, Columbus at, 1492, i. 162-3; character of inhabitants, i. 165-6.
  • Cueva, C. de la, exped. to Hond., 1535, ii. 157-8; dispute with Cereceda, ii. 158-9.
  • Cueva, F. de la, lieut.-gov. of Guat., 1541, ii. 312-13; gov., 1542, 319.
  • 'Curious Collection of Travels,' ii. 750.
  • 'Curious and Entertaining Voyages,' ii. 755.
  • Cuzcatlan, Alvarado's occupation of, 1524, i. 675-6.
  • D
  • Dabaiba, name, i. 351; fabled temple of, i. 351, 406-7; ii. 51; Balboa's exped. to, 1512, i. 351-2; other expeds., 1515, i. 406-7; cacique, ii. 51; sierra of, ii. 52.
  • Dalrymple, A., works of, ii. 754.
  • Dampier, Capt. W., defection of, ii. 541; march across the Isthmus of Pan., 1681, ii. 544-8; raid on Realejo, 1684, ii. 548; off coast of South Amer., 1684-5, ii. 549-50; 'A New Voyage round the World,' ii. 568-9.
  • Dardon, J. P., campaign of, 1529, ii. 107-8.
  • Darien, discovered by Bastidas, 1501, i. 190-2; maps of, i. 362, 400, 405; mining in, iii. 659-60.
  • Darien River, see Atrato River.
  • Dávila, G. G., see Gonzalez, G.
  • Dávila, P., see Pedrarias.
  • Davis, C. H., 'Report,' iii. 709.
  • Davis, Capt. J., raid on Realejo, 1684, ii. 548; off coast of South Amer., 1684-5, ii. 549-50; out-manœuvred off Pan., ii. 551-3; capture of Leon, ii. 554.
  • De Brosse, 'Histoire des Navigations,' ii. 754.
  • De Bry, T., works of, ii. 741-2.
  • Debt of Cent. Amer. states, iii. 677-87.
  • De Costa, B. F., 'The Pre-Columbian Discovery,' i. 70.
  • Delaporte, M. l'Abbé, works of, ii. 754.
  • De Lesseps, F. de, the Panamá canal, iii. 704-6.
  • Delgado, J. M., revolt of, 1811, iii. 12-13; party leader, iii. 27; president of congress, iii. 67.
  • 'Derrotero de las islas Antillas,' ii. 759.
  • Despard, Col, exped. to Mosquitia, 1782, ii. 605-6.
  • Diaz, B., joins Pedrarias' exped., 1514, i. 390; Cortés' exped. to Hond., 1525-6, i. 540, 549; ii. 78; Marin's exped. to Chiap., 1524, ii. 215-19, 224.
  • Diaz, J. J., president of Pan., 1868, iii. 535-6.
  • Diaz, M., imposture, etc., of, 1712, ii. 701.
  • Diaz, President P., correspondence with Barrios, 1885, iii. 448-9.
  • Diaz, Father P., quarrel with Córdoba, ii. 379-80.
  • Diego, Father D., martyrdom of, 1623, ii. 675.
  • Diriangen, Cacique, meeting with Gonzalez, 1522, i. 490-1; battle with, i. 491-2.
  • 'Documentos para la Historia de México,' i. 201.
  • Domas y Valle, J., president of Guat., 1794-1801, ii. 728.
  • Dominguez, V., defeat, etc., of, 1832, iii. 114.
  • Dominicans, in Española, i. 275; in Cuba, i. 276; in Guat., ii. 135-7, 344-5, 666; in Nic., ii. 168-71, 436-7, 180-2; in Chiap., ii. 339; rivalry with Franciscans, ii. 347-8; provincia establd. by, etc., 1551, ii. 376-7; missionary labors, ii. 672, 680.
  • Dovalle, G., exped. to Lacandon, 1559, ii. 363.
  • Drake, E. C., works of, ii. 751.
  • Drake, Admiral Sir F., early career of, ii. 404-5; attack on Nombre de Dios, 1572, ii. 405-6; on Cartagena, 407-9; captures Cruces, ii. 413-14; captures treasure-train, ii. 415; return to England, ii. 417-18; voyage round the world, 1577-80, ii. 418-19; exped. of, 1585-6, ii. 419-21; 1595, ii. 422; death, 1596, 423.
  • Dueñas, F., president of Salv., 1852, iii. 299, 308; 1868-71, iii. 393-6; biog., iii. 392-3; surrender of, iii. 396; exile, iii. 397.
  • Dunlop, R. G., 'Travels in Cent. Amer.,' iii. 223.
  • Dururua, Cacique, defeats Gutierrez, etc., ii. 68-9.
  • E
  • Eads' ship railway, iii. 694.
  • Earthquakes in Guat., 1575-87, ii. 384-5; 1607-89, ii. 656; 1751, 1757, ii. 719; 1773, ii. 720-3; at Santiago, 1830, ii. 707-8; iii. 154; in Nic., 1835, iii. 175-6; in Salv., 1854, iii. 300; 1873, iii. 399-400; in Cent. Amer. 1575-1885, iii. 563-5.
  • Echever y Suvisa, P. A. de, president of Guat., 1724, ii. 709.
  • Education, in Pan., iii. 583-4; in C. R., iii. 622; in Nic., 622-4; in Salv., 624; in Hond., 624-5; in Guat., 625-7.
  • El Desaguadero, exped. to, ii. 170-1, 175-6.
  • El Espinal, affair at, iii. 58.
  • El Infierno de Masaya, adventure at, 1537, ii. 172-5; eruption of, 1670, ii. 444.
  • El Sauce, affair at, 1855, iii. 330.
  • Encinas, D. de, compilations of, i. 286-7.
  • Encinasola, P. de, exped. to Veragua, 1535-6, ii. 65-71.
  • Enciso, Bachiller M. F. de, Ojeda's exped., i. 297-8; at Cartagena, i. 322-3; defeats Cemaco, i. 326-7; founds Antigua, 1510, i. 327-8; deposed, i. 329-30, 339; works of, i. 339-40; denounces Balboa, i. 357, 386-7; alguacil mayor of Antigua, 1514, i. 390.
  • Encomendero, system, description of, i. 262-6.
  • England, the Scots' colony, 1695-1700, ii. 570-9; trading factories of, ii. 587; reprisals, ii. 587-8; war with, 1739-44, ii. 588-93; treaties with Spain, 1670-1721, ii. 598-600; 1783, ii. 606; war with Spain, 1769-80, ii. 608-11; claims of, in Belize, ii. 629-31; mediation of, sought, 1839-40, iii. 186-7; claims on Nic., iii. 239-40; protectorate over Mosquitia, iii. 244-51; hostilities with Nic., 1848, iii. 251-2; Clayton-Bulwer treaty, 1850, iii. 252; Zeledon-Wyke treaty, 1860, iii. 252-3; difficulty with Salv., iii. 297-8; relations with Hond., iii. 317; claims on Hond., iii. 317-19; usurpation in Hond., iii. 319-20; treaty with Hond., 1859, iii. 320; difficulty with Guat., 1874, iii. 433-4; MacGregor's exped. to Panamá, 1818-20, iii. 498-501; difficulty with New Gran., 1836, iii. 518.
  • Epidemics in Guat., 1558, ii. 360; 1565, ii. 369-70; 1601, 1686, ii. 656.
  • Escobar, J. B., president of Guat., 1848, iii. 276-7.
  • Espino, Missionary F. de, labors of, 1667-8, ii. 644.
  • Española, Columbus at, 1492-3, i. 164-5; 1493-5, i. 169-77; 1498, i. 179; 1502, i. 203-6; character of inhabitants, i. 165-6; natives of, destroyed, i. 276.
  • Esparza, sack of, 1680, ii. 541.
  • Espínola, Capt., capitulation, etc., of, iii. 86.
  • Espinosa, Licentiate G. de, alcalde mayor of Antigua, 1514, i. 390; exped. to the South Sea, 1516-17, i. 418-31; atrocities of, i. 422-3, 429-30; spoils, i. 431; trial of Balboa, 1517, i. 457; promotion of, i. 461; jealousy of Pedrarias, i. 464-5; other expeds., i. 468-9, 472, 504-5; founds Natá, i. 505-6.
  • Espíritu Santo, name, i. 642.
  • Esquivel, A., president of C. R., 1875, iii. 384-5.
  • Esquivel, J. de, cruelty of, i. 260.
  • Estachería, Brigadier J., gov. of Nic., 1783-89, ii. 608.
  • Estete, M., expeds. of, i. 667-8, 611; ii. 113.
  • Estrada, J. M., provis. president of Nic., 1855, iii. 260; negotiations, etc., of, iii. 260-1; appeal to Carrera, iii. 339; death, 1856, iii. 351.
  • Estrada, T. D. de, gov. of Nic., 1728, ii. 607.
  • Europe, condition of, 1475-1525, i. 1-5.
  • Exquemelin, A. O., works of, ii. 567-8.
  • F
  • Fábrega, F., gov. of Pan., 1855, iii. 526-7.
  • Fábrega, J. de, comandante of Pan., 1821, iii. 504, 508-9.
  • Fería, P. de, bishop of Chiap., 1575, ii. 373.
  • Fernandez, J., exped. to Peru, ii. 126-7.
  • Fernandez, Gen. P., president of C. R., 1882-5, iii. 388-90; biog., iii. 388-9; death, iii. 390.
  • Fernando VII., manifestoes, etc., of, iii. 20-22; designs on Cent. Amer., iii. 105-6.
  • Ferrera, F., president of Hond., 1841, iii. 309; biog., iii. 309.
  • Figueredo y Victoria, Dr F. J. de, archbishop of Guat., 1753-65, ii. 728-30; death, ii. 730.
  • Figueroa, P. P. de, bishop of Guat., 1736, ii. 711-12; consecration, ii. 711; biog., ii. 711; archbishop, 1745, ii. 712; death, 1751, ii. 712.
  • Figueroa y Silva, A. de, exped. to Belize, ii. 624-8.
  • Figueroa, Gen. F., acting president of Salv., 1876, iii. 411.
  • Filisola, Brigadier V., exped. of, 1822, iii. 56-7; operations against San Salv., iii. 62-4.
  • Findlay, A. G., works of, ii. 759.
  • Fine, O., map of, 1531, i. 149.
  • Fitoria, B. G., gov. of Nic., 1730, ii. 607.
  • Flores, C., vice-jefe of Guat., 1824, iii. 146; jefe, iii. 148; administr., iii. 148-9.
  • Flores, H. C., bishop of Hond., 1854, iii. 631.
  • Flores, J., gov. of C. R., ii. 622.
  • Florida, missionary exped. to, 1549, ii. 355-6.
  • Fonseca, C., defence of Leon, 1844, iii. 199.
  • Fonseca, J. R. de, patriarch of the Indies, i. 168.
  • Forster, J. R., works of, ii. 752-3.
  • Franciscans, in Española, i. 275; in Guat., 1535, ii. 345-8; rivalry with Dominicans, ii. 347-8; in C. R., 1555-70, ii. 432-3; in Itza, ii. 673-6.
  • Francos y Monroy, C., archbishop of Guat., 1779, ii. 726, 732.
  • Frederick, G., biog., etc., iii. 245-7.
  • Frederick, R. C., mention of, iii. 248.
  • Fröbel, J., 'Aus Amerika,' iii. 709.
  • Fuensalida, Friar B., mission to Itza, 1618, ii. 673-5.
  • Fuentes y Guzman, F. A. de, works, etc., of, ii. 86, 736-7.
  • G
  • Gainza, Brigadier G., command, etc., of, iii. 25-6; measures, iii. 32-6; capt.-gen., 1821, iii. 44; manifesto of, iii. 54-5; edict, iii. 55.
  • Gaitan, J., revolt of, 1554, ii. 424-5; execution, ii. 425.
  • Galarza, D., revolt of, 1812, iii. 14.
  • Galdo, A., bishop of Hond., 1613-45, ii. 641-2.
  • Galeaza, picture of, i. 188.
  • Galindo, V. O., president of Pan., iii. 534-5.
  • Gallegos, J. R., jefe of C. R., 1833, iii. 181; 1845, iii. 227.
  • Galleon, picture of, i. 188.
  • Galley, picture of, i. 188.
  • Galvano, A., works, etc., of, ii. 738-9.
  • Galvez, Don M. de, exped. to Mosquitia, 1782, ii. 604-5; capture of San Fernando de Omoa, 1779, ii. 647; president of Guat., 1778-83, ii. 725-8.
  • Galvez, M., Cornejo's revolt, 1831-2, iii. 116-17; deposed, 1838, iii. 128-31; jefe of Guat., 1831, iii. 155-6.
  • Gama, A. de la, gov. of Castilla del Oro, ii. 45-6.
  • Gamez, P. de, captures Quema, 1516, i. 426.
  • Garabito, A., exped. to Cuba, 1516, i. 434, 437; treachery of, i. 449-50.
  • Garabito, Cacique, exped. against, ii. 427-8.
  • Garay, F. de, expeds. of, i. 134, 140, 625.
  • García, L., campaign of, ii. 580-1.
  • García, Father W. P. M., 'Sublevacion de los Zendales,' MS., ii. 705-6.
  • Garro, P. de, exped. of, 1525, i. 578.
  • Gasca, P. de la, character, etc., ii. 265-6; power intrusted to, ii. 266; reception at the Isthmus, 1546, ii. 266-9; negotiations with Mejía, ii. 267; with Hinojosa, ii. 269-70; despatches, etc., of, ii. 270-2; exped. to Peru, ii. 272-3; the Contreras revolt, 1550, ii. 278-83.
  • Gazistas, party, iii. 26-7.
  • Geography, ancient, i. 70-4.
  • Germany, difficulty with Nic., 1876, iii. 256.
  • 'Gobierno político de Guatemala,' iii. 28-9.
  • Godoy, D. de, exped. to Chiap., 1524, ii. 216, 221.
  • Goitia, P., president of Pan., 1863, iii. 532-3.
  • Golfo Dulce, name, i. 190; Bastidas at, 1501, i. 190; Pedrarias at, 1522, i. 484-5.
  • Gomara, F. L. de, biog., i. 314; works of, 315-16.
  • Gomera, Conde de la, president of Guat., 1611-26, ii. 651-2.
  • Gomez, C., acting president of Hond., 1876, iii. 463.
  • Gomez, E., exped. of, 1525, i. 142.
  • Gomez, Licentiate I., mission of, 1848, iii. 296.
  • Gonzalez, G., voyage of, 1522, i. 139-40; contador of Española, 1511, i. 267; character of, i. 479; dispute with Pedrarias, i. 481-3; exped. of, 1522-3, i. 483-94; escape to Santo Domingo, i. 516; exped. to Hond., 1524, i. 518; encounter with Soto, i. 519-20; meeting with Olid, i. 527-8; Olid's assassination, i. 531-3.
  • Gonzalez, Padre P., mention of, ii. 328.
  • Gonzalez, Gen. S., acting president of C. R., 1873, iii. 383; victory at Santa Ana, 1871, iii. 395-6; president of Salv., 1872-5, iii. 396-401; war with Guat., iii. 401-6.
  • Goodrich, F. B., 'Man upon the Sea,' ii. 757.
  • Gottfriedt, J. L., works of, ii. 742.
  • Gracias á Dios, founding of, 1536, ii. 165; audiencia of the Confines at, 1545, ii. 301.
  • Gracias á Dios, cape, rounded by Columbus, 1502, i. 211.
  • Granada, founding of, 1524, i. 527; the Contreras revolt, 1550, ii. 275-8; description of, ii. 438-41; captured by pirates, 1665, ii. 441; 1686, ii. 557-9; revolt at, 1811, iii. 14; junta at, iii. 48, 170; besieged by Jerez, 1854-5, iii. 259; captured by Walker, 1855, iii. 332; Zavala's assault, 1856, iii. 353-4; recapture of, iii. 356-7.
  • Granados, M. G., opposition to Guat. ministry, 1869; iii. 416-17; exile, iii. 419; revolution of, 1871, iii. 419-24; president of Guat. 1871-3, iii. 423-30.
  • Granda y Balbin, L. A. de, exped. to Talamanca, ii. 618-19.
  • Green, I., works of, ii. 747.
  • Greenland, sighted by Gunnbjörn, 876, i. 75-6; named by Eric the Red, i. 76.
  • Grijalva, J. de, map of, 1518, i. 132; death, 1526, i. 591; character, i. 591-2.
  • Grogniet, Capt., joins Davis' freebooters, 1685, ii. 550; capture of Pueblo Viejo, ii. 556; of Chiriquita, 1686, ii. 556; defeat at Pueblo Nuevo, ii. 557; capture of Granada, ii. 557-9; journey to the North Sea, ii. 563-6.
  • Grynævs, 'Novvs Orbis,' i. 148-9.
  • Guadalupe, affair at, 1827, iii. 91.
  • Gualcince, Salvadoran's surrender at, 1823, iii. 64.
  • Guanacaste, disturbance at, 1875, iii. 383-4.
  • Guarda Viejo, convention at, 1838, iii. 128-9.
  • Guardia, S. de la, gov. of Pan., 1860, iii. 528-30; death, iii. 530.
  • Guardia, T., president of C. R., 1870-6, iii. 380-4; 1877-82, iii. 386-8; death, 1882, iii. 388.
  • Guardiola, Gen. S., operations, etc., 1845, iii. 200, 202, 205-6; victory of, 1844, iii. 310; honors paid to, iii. 311; pronunciamiento of, iii. 313; president of Hond., iii. 322-3; character, iii. 323; defeat at El Sauce, 1855, iii. 330; at La Vírgen, iii. 331.
  • Guatemala, Alvarado's conquest of, 1522-4, i. 617-62; maps of, ii. 91, 320; iii. 191; slavery in, ii. 234-6; the new laws, ii. 323-5; church affairs in, 1541-8, ii. 341-8; 1601-82, ii. 663-9; 1753-1886, ii. 728-33; iii. 630-1; epidemics in, 1558, ii. 360; 1565, ii. 369-70; 1601, 1686, ii. 656; mining, ii. 383; iii. 656-7; commerce, ii. 383-4; earthquakes, etc., in, 1575-87, ii. 384-5; 1607-89, ii. 656; 1830, iii. 154; prosperity of, 1650-1700, ii. 653-4; terr., 1750, ii. 713-14; provinces subject to, ii. 714; army, ii. 727-8; iii. 648-9; society, iii. 1-2; loyalty of, iii. 2-3; capitán general, iii. 20-1; archbishops of, iii. 29-30; union with Mex., iii. 50-1; war with Salv., 1827-9, iii. 90-100; assembly, iii. 101-4, 145-8, 207, 273-6, 281-2, 416-17, 438-41; rebellion in, 1837, iii. 128-9; state govt dissolved, 1838, iii. 134; arms of, iii. 149, 269-70; medal, iii. 151; an independent state, 1839, iii. 160-1; Malespin's invasion of, 1844, iii. 191-3; secession of, 1847-8, ii. 207-8; council convoked, iii. 267; independence recognized, iii. 270; foreign relations, iii. 270-1; revolutions in, 1847-8, iii. 271-3; 1871, iii. 419-24; war with Salv. and Nic., 1850-3, iii. 279-80; with Hond., 1850-6, iii. 279-81; 1871-2, iii. 398-9; 1872-6, iii. 428, 457-62; with Salv., 1876, iii. 401-5; 1885, iii. 409-10; constitution, iii. 281-2, 438-9; Walker's exped., 1856-7, iii. 350-61; revolts in, 1867-70, iii. 414-18; 1872, iii. 428-9; suppression of religious orders, 1871-4, 425-7; difficulty with England, 1874, iii. 433-4; with Spain, 1875, iii. 434; attempted unification of Cent. Amer., 1883-5, iii. 442-9; boundaries, iii. 574; departments, iii. 574; govt, iii. 574-5; population, 1883-5, iii. 588; 1885, iii. 613; colonization in, 589-91; classes, etc., iii. 613-16; dwellings, iii. 616-17; dress, iii. 617-18; amusements, iii. 618; education, iii. 625-7; administr. of justice, iii. 638-40; agric., iii. 650-1; manufact., iii. 661; currency, iii. 670; revenue, etc., iii. 677-80; debt, iii. 678-80; railroads, iii. 706-7.
  • Guatemala City (see also Santiago City), description of, 1773, ii. 717-18; 1886, iii. 575-7; earthquakes in, 1751, 1757, ii. 719; 1773, ii. 720-3; site of, removed, ii. 723-6; occupation of, by Salvadorans, iii. 74; captured by Morazan, 1829, iii. 99-100; by Carrera, 1838, iii. 130-2; recaptured by Morazan, iii. 141; outbreak at, 1844, iii. 266; revolt at, 1845, iii. 268; plot at, 1877, iii. 437.
  • Guatusos, attempted pacification of the, ii. 613-17.
  • Guerra, C., voyage of, 1499, i. 186.
  • Guerrero, J., director of Nic., 1847, iii. 244.
  • Guill, A., gov. of Pan., 1758, ii. 584.
  • Gutierrez, D., exped. to C. R., 1540-5, ii. 189-99.
  • Gutierrez, F., exped. to Veragua, 1535-6, ii. 65-73.
  • Gutierrez, J., capture, etc., of, ii. 50-1.
  • Gutierrez, M. P., quells revolt, 1812, iii. 15.
  • Gutierrez, P., the Tzendal campaign, 1712, ii. 701-3.
  • Guzman, Gen. A., operations, 1849, iii. 277-8.
  • Guzman, A. T. de, exped. to Pan., 1515, i. 403-6; outrages of, i. 404.
  • Guzman, F., president of Nic., 1867-71, iii. 369, 470-5.
  • Guzman, J. de, proposed exped. of, ii. 256; joins Hinojosa, 1545, ii. 260-1; president of Guat., ii. 652.
  • Guzman, J. E., vice-president of Salv., 1844, iii. 195; administr., iii. 201-4; biog., iii. 202.
  • Guzman, J. E. de, capt.-gen. of Chiap., 1529, ii. 230-1.
  • Guzman, J. J., president of Salv., iii. 287.
  • Guzman, Don J. P. de, gov. of Pan., ii. 493; forces, etc., of, 503-5; defeated by Morgan, 1671, ii. 504-6.
  • Guzman, N. de, exped. of, 1530-1, i. 145-6.
  • Guzman, R., defeat, etc., of, 1832, iii. 113-14.
  • H
  • Hacha, Rio, Bradley's foray on the, 1670, ii. 491.
  • Hacke, Capt. W., 'A Collection of Original Voyages,' ii. 569.
  • Hakluyt, R., works, etc., of, ii. 739-41.
  • Haro, F. de, battle of Panamá, 1671, ii. 505.
  • Harris, J., works of, ii. 744-5.
  • Harris, Capt. P., raids off coast of South Amer., 1684-5, ii. 549-50.
  • Hayti, see Española.
  • Henderson, G., 'British Honduras,' iii. 247.
  • Henningsen's operations under Walker, 1856, iii. 355-7.
  • Heredia, A., exped. of, ii. 49-50.
  • Heredia, A. F. de, gov. of Nic., ii. 607-8.
  • Heredia, P. de, province of, ii. 46-7; expeds., ii. 47-8, 52-3.
  • Hermosillo, J. G. de, rept of, 1856, ii. 397-8.
  • Hernandez, Gen., defeats Pineda, 1855, iii. 332.
  • Herrera, A. de, biog., i. 316; works of, 316-17.
  • Herrera, D., jefe of Hond., 1824, iii. 161-2; of Nic., 1830, iii. 174-6.
  • Herrera, Oidor, juez de residencia, ii. 179; opposition to Contreras, ii. 182.
  • Herrera, Col T., defeats Alzuru, 1831, iii. 514; jefe, etc., of Pan., 1840, iii. 515; gov., iii. 516.
  • Herrera, V., president of C. R., 1875-7, iii. 385-6.
  • Herrera, V. de, gov, of Hond., ii. 144-5; stratagem of, ii. 147; exped., 1531, ii. 149-50; plot against, ii. 150-1; assassination of, ii. 151.
  • Herrera, V. de, regent of audiencias, 1778, ii. 715.
  • Hinojosa, Friar A. de, bishop of Guat., ii. 380.
  • Hinojosa, P. de, conquest of Pan., 1545, ii. 255-61; defeats Verdugo, ii. 263-4; negotiations with Gasca, ii. 269-70; defection of, ii. 271-2.
  • Hinostrosa, Capt. D. M. de, arrest, etc., of, ii. 144-5.
  • 'Historia de la Marina Real Española,' ii. 757.
  • 'Historical Account of the Circumnavigation of the Globe,' ii. 752.
  • Hodgson, Col R., mission of, ii. 601-2.
  • Holguin, G., exped. to Peru, ii. 125-7.
  • Hollins, Commander, bombards San Juan del Norte, 1854, iii. 255.
  • Honduras, maps of, i. 518; ii. 148; iii. 110, 205; colonization, etc., in, 1524-5, i. 522-36; Cortés' exped. to, 1524-6, i. 537-81; Alvarado's, 1535-6, ii. 160-5; 1539, ii. 296-9; slavery in, ii. 233-4, 302; roads, ii. 293-4; settlements, 1547, ii. 294, 637-40; mining, ii. 295; church affairs, ii. 299-301, 641-2, 712-13; iii. 361; the new laws, ii. 301-7; piratical raids, 1576-95, ii. 636-9, 645; Gage's description of, 1636, ii. 639-40; annexation to Mex., 1821, iii. 46; revolutions in, 1829-30, iii. 109-11; 1844, iii. 310; assembly, iii. 161-2, 309-10; disturbances in, iii. 162-3; independence declared, 1838, iii. 164; war with Nic., 1844, iii. 194-200; with Salv., iii. 202-6, 393-9, 455-8; union with Salv. and Nic., iii. 209-11; war with Guat., 1850-6, iii. 279-81; 1872-6, iii. 398-9, 428, 457-62; relations with Gt Britain, iii. 317; British claims on, iii. 317-19; British usurpation in, iii. 319-20; treaty with Gt Britain, 1859, iii. 320; Walker's exped., 1856-7, iii. 350-64; boundaries, iii. 570; departments, etc., iii. 570; cities, iii. 570-1; population, 1883, iii. 588; immigration, iii. 591; races, iii. 608-10; women of, iii. 610-11; dwellings, iii. 611; food, etc., iii. 611-12; dress, iii. 612; amusements, iii. 612; education, iii. 624-5; administr. of justice, iii. 640-1; army, iii. 647; agric., iii. 651-2; mining, iii. 655-6; manufact., iii. 661; currency, iii. 670; revenue, iii. 680; debt, iii. 680-1; railroads, iii. 707.
  • Hore, A. de, gov. of Pan., 1815, iii. 497; oppression of, iii. 497-8; recaptures Portobello, 1819, iii. 500-1; death, 1820, iii. 502.
  • Huascar, defeat of, 1532, ii. 19; death, ii. 34.
  • Huistlan, besieged by Tzendales, 1712, ii. 702.
  • Humboldt, A. von, works of, i. 69.
  • Hurtado, B., exped. to Dabaiba, 1512, i. 352-3; arrest, etc., of, i. 354-5; atrocities of, i. 401, 417; exploration of, 1516, i. 426-8; exped. to Olancho, 1526, i. 589-91; death, i. 591.
  • Hylacomylus, 'Cosmographiæ Introdvctio,' i. 123.
  • I
  • Ibañez, Col P., gov. of Nic., 1759, ii. 607.
  • Icazbalceta, collection of, i. 201.
  • Iguala, plan of, accepted in Hond., iii. 46; in Nic., iii. 47-8.
  • Illanes, J. de, proposed exped. of, ii. 256; joins Hinojosa, 1545, ii. 260-1.
  • Illustrations, caravel, i. 187; galley, i. 188; galeaza, i. 188; galleon, i. 188; navío, i. 189; brigantine, i. 189.
  • Indians, treatment of, i. 253-66; ii. 232-9; of Hond., iii. 608-10; of Guat., iii. 615-16.
  • Infante, Father H., mission of, 1646-7, ii. 677-8.
  • Inquisition, in Spain, i. 32.
  • Interoceanic communication, projects, etc., for, 1534, ii. 246-7; 1539, ii. 293; 1616, ii. 471-2; 1801-87, iii. 688-709.
  • Interoceanic road, project for, 1514, i. 396-7; termini, i. 465; completed, 1519, i. 471-2.
  • Irving, W., works of, i. 69, 200, 239-43.
  • Isabela, founding of, 1493, i. 169.
  • Isla de Pinos, visited by Columbus, 1502, i. 207-10; Drake at, 1572, ii. 405-7.
  • Isla Rica, named by Balboa, 1513, i. 377; cacique of, 408-10.
  • Iturbide, A., designs of, iii. 51; instructions to Filisola, iii. 62; downfall of, iii. 65.
  • Itzas, attempted conversion of the, ii. 673-6; attempted subjugation, ii. 682-95.
  • Itzcuintlan, Alvarado's conquest of, 1524, i. 663-5.
  • Izaguirre, B. de, bishop of Pan., 1655, ii. 479.
  • Izalco, Indian outbreak at, 1875, iii. 400.
  • Izancanac, Cortés at, 1524, i. 557.
  • Irazu, Volcano, eruption of, 1723, ii. 620.
  • Iztapa, Guat., ship-building at, 1539, ii. 205.
  • Iztapa, Chiap., battle at, 1524, ii. 216.
  • Iztapan, Cortés at, 1524, i. 543.
  • J
  • Jocote, convention of, 1842, iii. 216-17.
  • Jalisco, insurrection in, 1541. ii. 206-7.
  • Jamaica, coasted by Columbus, 1494, i. 171.
  • Jaraguá, Bastidas shipwrecked at, 1501, i. 192.
  • Jerez, M., pronunciamiento of, 1869, iii. 472.
  • Jerez, Bishop N. G., revolt at Leon, 1812, iii. 14.
  • Jeronimites, mission of the, 1515-18, i. 277-80.
  • Jesuits, in Nic., 1616-21, ii. 442-3; in Talamanca, 1684, ii. 447; expulsion of the, 1767, ii. 730-1; 1871, iii. 425-6; 1881, iii. 476, 484-5; 1884, iii. 389; revolts caused by, 1881, iii. 476, 484-5.
  • Jews, mediæval brutality toward, i. 27-9.
  • Jimenez, J., president of C. R., 1863, iii. 377; 1868, iii. 378-9; arrest, etc., of, 379-80.
  • Jocoro, convention of, 1845, iii. 203.
  • Juan de Dios, order of, in Pan., ii. 477-8.
  • Juarros, D., works of, ii. 142, 737.
  • Junta, suprema central gubernativa, iii. 4; suprema de censura, iii. 26; consultiva, iii. 35-6, 42-5, 50, 52, 57.
  • Justice, administr., etc., of, in Cent. Amer., iii. 638-45.
  • Jutiapa, Malespin's forces at, 1844, iii. 191-2.
  • K
  • Kunstmann, 'Munich Atlas,' i. 69-70.
  • Kerr, R., works of, ii. 756.
  • Kinney, J. L., exped of, iii. 327-8.
  • Kohl, J. G., works of, i. 69.
  • L
  • La Antigua, revolt in, 1828, iii. 96; assembly installed at, 1824, iii. 145; affair at, iii. 420.
  • La Concepcion, convent, establd. in Guat., 1546-8, ii. 343-4.
  • La Gloria, S. G. de, imposture, etc., of, 1712, ii. 699-700.
  • La Harpe, works of, ii. 748-9.
  • La Navidad, fortress of, built, 1492, i. 164; abandoned, 169.
  • La Union, blockade of, 1849, iii. 297-8.
  • La Vírgen, affair at, 1855, iii. 331.
  • Lacandones, depredations, etc., of, ii. 361-2; exped. against, 1559, ii. 362-6; independence, etc., of, iii. 615-16.
  • Ladinos, condition, etc., of the, iii. 594.
  • Lafond, G., works of, ii. 755.
  • Lagares, P. de, labors of, in Tologalpa, ii. 450.
  • Lamilla, Father A. de, bishop of Guat., ii. 378.
  • Landa, Capt., cruelty of, ii. 282; execution of, 1550, 287.
  • Landecho, J. M. de, gov., etc., of Guat., ii. 366-9.
  • Lara, Friar D. de, bishop of Chiap., 1574, ii. 373.
  • Lara, J. C. de, gov. of Nic., ii. 607.
  • Lara, Father S. de, priest of Cancuc, 1712, ii. 697.
  • Lara y Mogrobejo, A. de, president of Guat., 1649-54, ii. 653.
  • Lardner, D., 'Cabinet Cyclopædia,' iii. 709.
  • Las Casas, B. de, character of, i. 274-5; labors in Cuba, i. 276; protector of the Indians, i. 277; efforts in Spain, i. 279-84; works of, i. 309-10; dispute with Quevedo, i. 462-3; mission to Peru, etc., ii. 136-7; arrival in Nic., etc., 1532, ii. 169; opposition to Contreras, ii. 170-1; the new laws, ii. 239-40; dispute with the audiencia of the Confines, 1545, ii. 303-7; bishop of Chiap., 1543, ii. 330-1; administr., ii. 332-5; retirement, etc., ii. 335-6; works of, ii. 336; pacification of Vera Paz, ii. 348-54; death, 337; character, 337-8.
  • Las Charcas, federal defeat at, 1829, iii. 97.
  • Lawrie, Col, supt. of Mosquitia, ii. 603-4.
  • Leiva, P., provis. president of Hond., 1873-6, iii. 460-2.
  • Lempira, Cacique, valor of, ii. 290-1; stronghold of, captured, 1537, ii. 291-2; death, ii. 291-2.
  • Leon, founding of, 1527, i. 513; butchery of natives at, 1528, i. 610; convent founded at, 1532, ii. 168-9; the Contreras revolt, 1550, ii. 275-6; Gaitan's defeat at, 1554, ii. 425; new city of, ii. 439-40; captured by freebooters, 1685, ii. 553-5; cathedral of, 1743, ii. 613; revolts, etc., at, 1811-12, iii. 14-16; junta gubernativa at, 1823, iii. 170-1; sack of, 1824, iii. 171; siege of, 1824-5, iii. 171-2; 1844, iii. 197-200; revolts at, 1845, iii. 241; 1853-4, iii. 258-9; 1869, iii. 471-3; 1881, iii. 484-5; seat of govt at, 1847, iii. 244; description of, iii. 568-9.
  • Lepe, D. de, voyage of, 1499, i. 113, 186.
  • Lévy, P., 'Notas,' iii. 255.
  • Liaño, Pilot, exped. to Veragua, 1535-6, ii. 66.
  • Liberals, Guat., party, iii. 69-70; attitude of, iii. 85-7; operations of, 1826-7, iii. 148-50; prosecution of, iii. 151; division among, iii. 275.
  • Lindo, J., jefe of Salv., 1841, iii. 286; coup d'état, iii. 286; president of Hond., 1847-51, iii. 311-21.
  • Literature, of C. R., iii. 622; of Nic., iii. 623; of Salv., iii. 624; of Guat., iii. 627.
  • Llamas y Rivas, Dr F. J. de, gov. of Pan., ii. 583.
  • Llano, Capt. A. del, deputy to córtes, iii. 5.
  • Llano, Col M. del, deputy to córtes, iii. 5.
  • Loarca, A. L. de, storming of Mixco, 1525, i. 690-2.
  • L'Olonnois, F., character, etc., of, ii. 456-7; atrocities, 457-8; expeds., ii. 458-60; death, 460.
  • Lopez, Father T., explorations, etc., of, 1778, 1782, ii. 614-16.
  • Lorca y Villena Vivas, M. V. de, gov. of Nic., 1757, ii. 607.
  • Lorenzana, Marqués de, president of Guat., ii. 652-3.
  • Los Altos, state organized, 1838, iii. 156-7; assembly, iii. 157; maps of, iii. 157, 275; incorporated with Guat., 1840, iii. 158.
  • Los Santos, surprised by freebooters, 1686, ii. 561; revolution at, iii. 505-7.
  • Loyola, P. de, gov. of Nic., ii. 607.
  • Luque, Padre, Pizarro's conquest, ii. 3, 8, 12, 14, 36.
  • M
  • M'Donald, A., usurpation of, in Yuc., iii. 315.
  • Macdonald, regent of Mosquitia, iii. 248; arrest of Quijano, 1841, iii. 249-51.
  • MacGregor, G., exped. of, 1818-19, iii. 498-501.
  • McClure, R. Le M., discoveries of, iii. 689-91.
  • Madriz, Licentiate, disturbances incited by, 1699-1701, ii. 662.
  • Magellan, F. de, voyage of, 1519, i. 134-6.
  • Mail service, of Cent. Amer., iii. 671-2.
  • Maiollo, map of, i. 136.
  • Major, R. H., 'Life of Prince Henry of Portugal,' i. 70.
  • Malacatan, capture of, 1525, i. 697-9.
  • Maldonado, A., alcalde mayor of Española, i. 250.
  • Maldonado, A., compilation of, i. 286.
  • Maldonado, A. de, visitador, 1535, ii. 131; juez de residencia, ii. 132; president of the audiencia of the Confines, ii. 301; dispute with Las Casas, 1545, ii. 304-7; residencia of, ii. 308-9; provis. gov. of Guat., 1542, ii. 323; exped. to Talamanca, 1660, ii. 446.
  • Malespin, president of Salv., iii. 190; defence of Salv., 1844, iii. 190-1; invasion of Guat., iii. 191-3; of Nic., iii. 194-5; capture of Leon, iii. 197-200; dispute with Guzman, iii. 202-3.
  • Malespin, Col F., revolution of, 1842, iii. 289; president of Salv., iii. 290; defeat of, iii. 293-4; death of, iii. 294.
  • Malinche, see Cortés, H.
  • Mames, Alvarado's conquest of the, 1525, i. 695-702.
  • Managua, revolt at, 1833-4, iii. 175-6; 1845, iii. 240-1; seat of govt at, 1845, iii. 241; cholera at, 1855, iii. 330; description of, iii. 568.
  • Manches, Christianization, etc., of, ii. 672-3.
  • Mañosca y Murillo, J. de, president of Guat., 1670, ii. 659; bishop of Guat., 1668-75, ii. 668.
  • Mansvelt, buccaneer, raids, etc., of, ii. 460-3.
  • Manufactures, of Cent. Amer., iii. 660-2.
  • Maps, the world, i. 73; Zeno's chart, 1390, i. 82; Behaim's globe, 1492, i. 93; Cosa's map, 1500, i. 115; Ruysch's, 1508, i. 126; Peter Martyr's, 1511, i. 127; Ptolemy's, 1513, i. 130; in Munich Atlas, 1518, i. 133; Schöner's globe, 1520, i. 137; Bordone's, 1528, i. 144; Ribero's, 1529, i. 146; the New World, 1530, i. 147; Ruscelli's, 1544, i. 148; Fine's, 1531, i. 149; Castillo's, 1541, i. 153; manuscript, 1532-40, i. 154; Castilla del Oro, i. 323; ii. 49; Darien, i. 362, 400, 405, 416, 427; Nic., i. 513; ii. 175; iii. 258; Hond., i. 518; ii. 148; iii. 110, 205, 198; Quiché and Cackchiquel, i. 629; Peru, ii. 9; Alvarado's march, ii. 82; Guat., ii. 91, 320; iii. 191; C. R., ii. 188; iii. 184, 234; Chiap., ii. 331; iii. 39; Lacandon war, ii. 363; Mosquitia, ii. 603; iii. 246; Belize, ii. 627; defeat of Padilla, iii. 58; Los Altos, iii. 157, 275; Salv., iii. 191, 205; Walker's exped., iii. 343; interoceanic communication, iii. 692.
  • Maracaibo, plundered by Morgan, ii. 490-1.
  • Marchena, Treasurer R. de, mention of, ii. 280-1.
  • Marin, E., acting jefe of Salv., 1842, iii. 286-7.
  • Marin, Gen. E., execution of, 1877, iii. 464.
  • Marin, Capt. L., character of, ii. 215; exped. to Chiap., 1524, 215-25.
  • Marquez, D., contador at Antigua, 1514, i. 390.
  • Marquez, G., acting jefe of Guat., 1830, iii. 154-5.
  • Marroquin, F., biog., etc., ii. 134; bishop of Guat., 1533, ii. 135; administr., ii. 135-40; Alvarado's executor, etc., ii. 207-9; dispute with Las Casas, ii. 303-6, 343; gov. of Guat., 1542, ii. 319; Indian policy, ii. 325-6; poverty of, ii. 342-3; convent, etc., founded by, ii. 343-4; death of, 1563, ii. 375.
  • Martin, A., first Spaniard to sail on South Sea, 1513, i. 369-70.
  • Martinez, B., bishop of Pan., 1583, ii. 475.
  • Martinez, Friar C., bishop of Pan., 1625, i. 478.
  • Martinez, J. A., president of Guat., 1848, iii. 274.
  • Martinez, Gen. T., operations of, 1855, iii. 261; 1856-7, iii. 352, 356, 360; member of junta, 1857, iii. 365; president of Nic., 1857-67, iii. 365-9; biog., iii. 366; death, iii. 370.
  • Martyr, P., map of, 1511, i. 127-8; biog., i. 312; works of, i. 312-14.
  • Marure, M. A., works of, iii. 17-18; imprisonment of, iii. 19-20.
  • Masaya, revolt at, 1812, iii. 15; Walker's attack on, 1856, iii. 353; destruction of, 1856, iii. 355-6.
  • Mata, Brigadier J. A. de la, gov. of Pan., 1805, iii. 489.
  • Matagalpa, insurrection in, 1881, iii. 484.
  • Mayorga, M. de, president of Guat., 1773-8, ii. 717-25.
  • Mazariegos, D. de, conquest of Chiap., 1526, ii. 226-7; meeting with Puertocarrero, ii. 227-8; administr. of, ii. 229-30; residencia of, ii. 230.
  • Mazariegos, M. R., exped. of, 1695, ii. 682-5.
  • Mazatecs, submission of the, 1524, i. 557-8.
  • Mazatenango, capture of, 1525, i. 696-7.
  • Medina, Alcalde, in charge at Trujillo, 1525, i. 535.
  • Medina, F. de, mention of, ii. 220-1.
  • Medina, J. M., president of Hond., 1836-72, iii. 453-8; revolt of, iii. 461-3; execution, 1878, iii. 464; biog., iii. 464-5.
  • Medrano y Solórzano, E., exped. of, 1699, ii. 695.
  • Mejía, G., prosecution of Alvarado, ii. 100.
  • Mejía, H., surprised by Verdugo, ii. 263; defection, etc., of, 1546, ii. 267-8, 271.
  • Mejicanos, Arce's defeat at, 1823, iii. 64; surrender of, iii. 95.
  • Melendez, Gov. P., defence of Portobello, 1602, ii. 467.
  • 'Memorias,' iii. 107.
  • Mencos, M., exped. of, 1699, ii. 694-5.
  • Mencos, M. C. de, president of Guat., 1657-67, ii. 657-8.
  • Mendavia, Dean P. de, disturbance caused by, ii. 177-8.
  • Mendez, D., in Verag., 1503, i. 222-4; plot of, ii. 150-3; execution of, ii. 154.
  • Menendez, Gen. F., revolution of, 1885, iii. 411.
  • Mendez, H., procurator to Spain, etc., 1545, ii. 323-4.
  • Mendez, M., murder of, 1872, iii. 399.
  • Mendinueta y Muzquiz, P. de, viceroy of New Granada, 1801, iii. 489.
  • Mendoza, H. de, exped. of, 1532, i. 148.
  • Meneses, Capt., joins Pedrarias' exped., 1514, i. 390; garrison of, besieged, i. 402, 404.
  • Mercado, J. N. de, assassination of Olid, i. 531-3.
  • Mercado, Friar M. de, bishop of Pan., 1578, ii. 475.
  • Merced, order of, establd. in Guat., 1537, ii. 140-1; convent founded at Ciudad Real, ii. 328-9.
  • Merlo, R. de, exped. of, 1525, i. 577.
  • Mestizos, characteristics of the, iii. 594-5.
  • Mexico, union of Cent. Amer. with, 1821-2, iii. 42-59; war with Salv., 1822-3, iii. 62-4.
  • Mexico City, machinations against Cortés, i. 572-5, 580-1.
  • Meyner, C., gov. of Pan., 1812, iii. 495.
  • Milla, J. J., vice-jefe of Hond., 1824, iii. 161; defeats Herrera, iii. 162.
  • Millen, F. F., colonization scheme of, 1883, iii. 590-1.
  • Mining, in Hond., ii. 295; in Guat., ii. 383; in Pan., ii. 395-6, 585-6; in Cent. Amer., iii. 655-60.
  • Miro, G., president of Pan., 1873, iii. 541.
  • Mitla, insurrection in, 1837, iii. 124-5.
  • Mixco, capture of, 1525, i. 686-92; federal victory at, 1829, iii. 97.
  • Moderados, Guat., party organized, 1848, iii. 275.
  • Molina, Col M. A., jefe of Los Altos, 1838, iii. 157-9; execution of, 1842, iii. 218.
  • Molina, P., 'El Editor Constitucional,' iii. 27-8; biog., iii. 27-8; revolutionary movements, iii. 33; envoy to Bogotá, 1825, iii. 81; jefe of Guat., iii. 104; downfall of, iii. 105.
  • Mollinedo y Saravia, G., capt.-gen., 1801, iii. 3; rule, iii. 3-6; death, iii. 6.
  • Monasteries, suppression of, 1829, iii. 104.
  • Monasterio, Capt. J. de, operations, etc., of, 1603-9, ii. 650-1.
  • Montaiglon, M. de, works of, i. 54.
  • Montalboddo, 'Paesi Nouamente retrouati,' i. 123.
  • Montalvo, F., viceroy of New Granada, 1813, iii. 495.
  • Montealegre, J. M., president of Costa Rica, 1859-63, iii. 373-7.
  • Montejo, F. de, gov. of Hond., 1537-9, ii. 289-99; negotiations with Alvarado, 296-9.
  • Monterroso, F. de H., acting gov. of Pan., 1708, ii. 583.
  • Montes, F., arrest, etc., of, 1810, iii. 493.
  • Montes, J. F., president of Hond., 1863, iii. 324-5.
  • Montfraisier, Du P. de, 'Histoire Universelle,' ii. 748.
  • Montiano, M. de, gov. of Pan., 1749-55, ii. 584.
  • Montúfar, Col M., surrender of, iii. 95.
  • Mora, F., invasion of C. R., iii. 387.
  • Mora, J., jefe of C. R., 1822-33, iii. 179-81; biog., iii. 180.
  • Mora, J. F., president of C. R., 1849-53, iii. 236-7.
  • Mora, Gen. J. J., operations of, 1856, iii. 358.
  • Mora, J. R., president of C. R., 1859, iii. 372; revolt against, iii. 372-3; exile, iii. 373; revolt of, iii. 374-5; execution, 1860, iii. 375-6.
  • Morales, Capt. G. de, joins Pedrarias' exped., 1514, i. 390; exped. to the Pearl Islands, 1515, i. 408-11; atrocities of, i. 411.
  • Morales, M. R., director of Nic., 1847, iii. 243.
  • Morazan, Gen., victory at Gualcho, 1828, iii. 95; campaign in Guat., 1828-9, iii. 96-100; harsh measures of, iii. 100-3; operations in Hond., iii. 111; president, 1830, iii. 112; rule, iii. 112-42; departure, 1840, iii. 142-3; invasion of C. R., 1842, iii. 216-17; measures, iii. 217-18; provis. jefe, iii. 218; capture of, iii. 219-20; execution, iii. 221-2.
  • Moreno, Fiscal P., exped. to Hond., 1525, i. 535-6.
  • Morgan, H., early career of, ii. 482-3; plunders Puerto Príncipe, ii. 483; captures Portobello, 1668, ii. 483-9; atrocities of, ii. 484-7, 510-12; encounters gov. of Pan., ii. 488-9; forces, etc., of, ii. 491-2; captures Santa Catarina, ii. 493; lands at Chagre, ii. 496-7; march across the Isthmus, ii. 497-502; captures Panamá, 1671, ii. 504-7; plot against, ii. 512; return to San Lorenzo, ii. 512-13; division of spoils, ii. 514; knighted, etc., ii. 515; imprisonment of, ii. 515.
  • Morillo, Mariscal P., exped. of, 1815, iii. 496.
  • Moscoso, L., exped. of, 1530, ii. 121.
  • Mosquitia, description of, ii. 595-8, 600-1; buccaneers in, ii. 598; British rights in, ii. 598-9; British aggression in, ii. 601-2; maps of, ii. 603; iii. 246; Galvez' exped. to, 1782, ii. 604-5; Despard's exped. to, 1782, ii. 605-6; British protectorate over, iii. 244-52; kings of, iii. 245-8; attempts at colonization, iii. 248-9.
  • Motolinia, Fray T. de, labors in Nic., 1528, ii. 184; in Guat., ii. 345-7.
  • Mourgeon, Mariscal J. de la C., capt.-gen. of New Granada, 1821, iii. 503; exped. of, iii. 504.
  • Moya, R., jefe of C. R., 1844, iii. 227.
  • Muñoz, F., execution of, 1517, i. 457-9.
  • Muñoz, J. B., 'Historia del Nuevo Mondo,' i. 197-8.
  • Muñoz, Gen. J. T., siege of Leon, 1844, iii. 197; promotion of, iii. 240; operations, etc., of, 1845, iii. 241-3; revolt of, 1851, iii. 256; negotiations, iii. 260; death, 1855, iii. 330.
  • Murillo, Lieut-col A., victory at Tecuaname, 1855, iii. 261.
  • N
  • Nacaome, diet of, 1848, iii. 208.
  • Naco Valley, exped. to, ii. 145, 147, 156-7.
  • Nancintlan, burning of, 1524, i. 668.
  • Napoleon I., usurpation of, iii. 2.
  • Naranjo, battle of, 1876, iii. 462.
  • Narragansett Bay, settlement founded at, 1000, i. 76.
  • Narvaez y la Torre, Brigadier A., gov. of Pan., 1801, iii. 489.
  • Natá, surprised by Espinosa, 1516, i. 423; settlement founded at, i. 505-9.
  • Natá, Cacique, capture of, 1515, i. 414; surrender of, 1516, i. 423-4; exped. against, i. 424-5; revolt of, 1517, i. 431.
  • Nava, J. de, gov. of C. R., 1773, ii. 622.
  • Navarrete, M. F. de, works of, i. 69, 198-200; biog., 198.
  • Navas y Quevada, A. de las, bishop of Nic., 1667, ii. 443-4.
  • Navigation, internal, iii. 667-8.
  • Navío, picture of, i. 189.
  • Nebah, capture of, 1530, ii. 111-12.
  • Negroes, importation of, ii. 386-7; regulations concerning, ii. 389-90.
  • Neira, G., president of Pan., 1872-3, iii. 538-41.
  • Nelson, H., exped. to Nic., 1780, ii. 609-11.
  • 'New Collection of Voyages,' ii. 750.
  • Newfoundland, Leif lands at, 1000, i. 76.
  • New Granada, rebellion in, 1810-13, iii. 493-6; state of, organized, 1831, iii. 513; revolution in, 1840, iii. 515-16; difficulty with England, 1836, iii. 518; with U. S., 1855, iii. 519; 1856-7, iii. 520-2; mining in, iii. 659-60; treaty with U. S., 1846, iii. 700-1.
  • New laws, publication of the, 1543, ii. 240; provisions, ii. 240-1; opposition to the, ii. 242-3, 301-2, 323; repealed, 1545, ii. 325; opposition to, ii. 334-5, 338.
  • New St Andrew, founding of, 1698, ii. 576.
  • Newspapers, iii. 27-8, 273, 288, 290, 559, 584, 622, 627.
  • 'New Universal Collection,' ii. 750.
  • 'New Voyages and Travels,' ii. 751.
  • Nicaragua, Dávila's exped. to, 1522-3, i. 483-94; maps of, i. 513; ii. 175; iii. 258; church affairs in, ii. 168-9, 443-4, 612-17; iii. 632-3; revolts in, ii. 274-8; iii. 240-2, 259-61; settlements, etc., of, ii. 434, 437-8; Dominicans in, ii. 436-7; commerce of, ii. 438; piratical raids in, 1685-6, ii. 553-62; diputacion provincial in, iii. 47; annexation to Mex., 1821, iii. 47-8; internal strife in, 1833-7, iii. 170-7; juntas gubernativas, iii. 170-2; assembly, iii. 172-3, 243, 257-60, 367, 475-8; earthquake, etc., in, 1835, iii. 176-7; secession, 1838, iii. 178; British mediation requested, 1839-40, iii. 186-7; war with Hond., 1844, iii. 194-200; union with Salv. and Hond., iii. 209-11; C. R. boundary question, iii. 231-3; British claims, iii. 239-40; British aggressions in Mosquitia, iii. 244-51; hostilities with England, 1848, iii. 251-2; Zeledon-Wyke treaty, 1860, iii. 252-3; treaty with Spain, 1850, iii. 253; concordat, iii. 253; foreign relations, iii. 254; difficulty with U. S., 1854, iii. 254-5; with Germany, 1876, iii. 256; declared a republic, 1852-4, iii. 257; war with Guat., 1850-3, iii. 279-80; Walker's campaign in, 1855-6, iii. 328-46; cholera in, 1855, iii. 330; war with C. R., 1857, iii. 362; junta de gobierno in, 1857, iii. 365; revenue, iii. 366-7; constitution, iii. 367; rebellion in, 1869, iii. 471-4; difficulty with C. R., 1873-5, iii. 479-82; jesuitic seditions, iii. 484-5; opposition to Barrios, 1885, iii. 486; boundaries, iii. 567; departments, etc., iii. 567-8; cities, iii. 568-9; population, 1883, iii. 588; colonization in, iii. 591-2; character of population, iii. 599-601; dress, etc., iii. 601-2; dwellings, iii. 602; mode of life, iii. 603; amusements, iii. 603-4; education, iii. 622-4; administr. of justice, iii. 641-3; army, iii. 646-7; agric., iii. 652-3; mining, iii. 657-8; manufact., iii. 661; revenue, etc., iii. 683; debt, iii. 483, 683; railroads, iii. 708.
  • Nicaragua, Cacique, Dávila's visit to, 1522, i. 486-9; attacks the Spaniards, iii. 493.
  • Nicaragua, isthmus, project for canal, iii. 694-8.
  • Nicaragua, Lake, discovery of, 1522, i. 489.
  • Nicoya, Cacique, Dávila's meeting with, 1522, i. 485-6.
  • Nicoya, province, incorporated with C. R., 1825, iii. 179.
  • Nicoya, town, the Contreras revolt, 1550, ii. 277-8.
  • Nicuesa, D. de, biog., etc., of, i. 292-4; gov. of Castilla del Oro, i. 294-6; quarrel with Ojeda, i. 296-7; exped. to Veragua, 1509, i. 296-308; relieved by Colmenares, i. 331-2; reception at Antigua, i. 334-5; deposal, i. 335; fate of, i. 335-6.
  • 'Niña,' voyage of the, 1492-3, i. 159-64.
  • Nindiri, volcano, eruption of, 1775, ii. 608.
  • Niño, Pilot A., exped., etc., of, 1522-3, i. 478-93.
  • Niño, P. A., voyage of, 1499, i. 186.
  • Nito, Cortés' arrival at, 1525, i. 565-7; sickness, etc., at, i. 567-8; site of, abandoned, i. 568, 570.
  • Niza, Friar M. de, exped. of, 1539, i. 151-2; rept of, ii. 205.
  • Nombre de Dios, name, i. 307; Nicuesa at, i. 307-8; fort of, built, 1510, i. 307-8; departure of garrison, i. 337-8; abandoned, i. 331-3; 412-13; refounded, 1519, i. 471; trade, etc., of, ii. 248-9; Nombre de Dios, Verdugo's invasion of, ii. 263-4; Gasca at, 1546, ii. 267-9; 1550, ii. 282-3; the Contreras revolt, 1550, ii. 278, 281-3; removal of site, etc., ii. 396-9; Drake's attack on, 1572, ii. 405-6; destroyed by Drake, 1595, ii. 422.
  • Norí, Cacique, execution of, ii. 55-6.
  • North-west passage, discov. of, iii. 689-91.
  • 'Notes de Voyage en Centre Amérique,' iii. 676-7.
  • 'Nouvelle Bibliothèque des Voyages,' ii. 757.
  • Nueva Andalucía, name, i. 294; Ojeda's exped. to, 1509-10, i. 294-301.
  • Nueva Jaen, founding of, ii. 186.
  • Nueva Segovia, freebooters at, 1687, ii. 563-4.
  • Nueva Valladolid, growth, etc., of, 1557-74, ii. 640-1; earthquake in, 1774, ii. 640.
  • 'Nuevo Viajero Universal,' ii. 758.
  • Nuñez, A., Nicuesa's exped., 1509-10, i. 307-8.
  • Nuñez, J., vice-jefe of Nic., 1835, iii. 177.
  • Nuñez, Capt. V., capture, etc., of, ii. 257-8.
  • Nutibara, Cacique, defeat of, ii. 54.
  • O
  • Oajaca, city, capture, etc., of, iii. 6.
  • Obaldía, J. de, gov. of Pan., 1858, iii. 528.
  • Obaldía, Col A., revolt of, 1868, iii. 537-8.
  • Occhuc, Tzendales repulsed at, 1712, ii. 703-4.
  • Ococingo, massacre at, 1712, ii. 699.
  • Ojeda, A. de, voyage of, 1499-1500, i. 111, 186; 1502, i. 118-19; early career, etc., of, i. 292-4; gov. of Nueva Andalucía, i. 294-6; quarrel with Nicuesa, i. 296-7; exped. of, 1509, i. 296-301; death, i. 301.
  • Olancho, sedition in, 1829, iii. 109-11; revolt at, 1844, iii. 310.
  • Olancho Valley, occupation of, 1526, i. 589-90.
  • Olano, L. de, Nicuesa's exped., 1509-10, i. 301-7; ill treatment of, i. 332-3; death, i. 441.
  • Olarte, V., see Galindo, V. O.
  • Olaziregui, V., gov. of Pan., 1769, ii. 584.
  • Olid, C. de, exped. to Hond., 1524, i. 524; character, i. 525; treachery of, i. 526-7; meeting with Gonzalez, i. 527-8; fight with Casas, etc., i. 529-30; assassination, i. 531-3.
  • Olmos, P. de, defeat of, ii. 109-10.
  • Omoa, bombardment of, 1873, iii. 320.
  • O'Neill, Gen., exped. to Belize, 1798, iii. 314.
  • Orbita, Friar J. de, mission to Itza, 1618, ii. 673-5.
  • Ordoñez, Col C., commandant at Granada, iii. 59; revolt of, 1824, iii. 171-2.
  • Orduña, F. de, juez de residencia, 1529, ii. 105-6; exped. of, ii. 110-11; prosecution, etc., of, 1530, ii. 117-18.
  • Oreamuno, F. M., jefe of C. R., 1844, iii. 226-7; vice-president, 1853, iii. 237.
  • Orosco, Presbyter L. de, assassination of, ii. 709.
  • Ortega, J., president of Pan., 1878, iii. 543-4.
  • Ortiz, A., exped. of, ii. 148.
  • Orueta y Irusta, J. B. de, gov. of Pan., 1709, ii. 583.
  • Osorio, D. A., bishop of Nic., 1531, ii. 168-9.
  • Ostuncalco, Indian outbreak at, iii. 123.
  • Osuña, J. V. de, capture of Copan, 1530, ii. 115.
  • Ovalle, Missionary P. de, labors of, ii. 644.
  • Ovando, N. de, gov. of Española, 1502, i. 249; instructions to, i. 249-50; exped. of, i. 250; administr. i. 250-2, 256, 259-61, 266-8.
  • Oviedo, G. F. de, biog., i. 310; works of, i. 150, 310-12; veedor at Antigua, 1514, i. 390; efforts in Spain, 1515, i. 463-4; 1523, i. 511-12; regidor perpetuo de Antigua, i. 473; rule, i. 474-5; deposed, i. 476; departure, etc., 1528, i. 477; capt.-gen. of Cartagena, i. 593.
  • Oxenham, J., exped. to Pan., 1575, ii. 418.
  • Oxib Quieh, King, accession of, 1524, i. 645; plot of, i. 646; capture, etc., of, 648.
  • Orozco y Berra, 'Cartografía Mexicana,' i. 70.
  • P
  • Pacheco, Gen., defeat of, 1829, iii. 97.
  • Pacific Ocean, see South Sea.
  • Paiz, Brigadier G., cabinet-minister, 1845, iii. 268-9.
  • Palahunoh Pass, Alvarado's victory at, 1524, i. 634-6.
  • Palomar, J. M., in command at Trujillo, 1820, iii. 24.
  • Palomino, J. A., exped. to Nic., ii. 262.
  • Panaguali, Cacique, execution of, ii. 91.
  • Panamá (see also Castilla del Oro), audiencias of, ii. 57-8, 370-1, 585; slavery, etc., in, ii. 232-3; commerce, etc., in, ii. 390-3, 587, 594; iii. 672-5; shipping, ii. 392; pearl fisheries, ii. 394-5, 585; mining, ii. 395-6, 585-6; iii. 659-60; Drake's raids in, 1572, ii. 405-17; Oxenham's exped., 1575, ii. 418; officials of, ii. 471; smuggling in, ii. 473-4; iii. 491-2; church affairs, i. 500-1, ii. 474-80; iii. 635-7; Morgan's raids in, 1668-71, ii. 483-515; Indian raids in, 1745-74, ii. 581-2; incorporated with New Gran., 1718, ii. 584; revenue, iii. 490, 686-7; industrial depression in, iii. 490; population, etc., iii. 490-2, 580-1; viceregal seat at, 1812, iii. 494; Macgregor's invasion of, 1818-19, iii. 498-501; revolution in, 1821, iii. 602-7; 1831, iii. 514; 1840, iii. 514-15; 1868, iii. 536-7; annexed to Colombia, 1821, iii. 506-8; slavery abolished in, iii. 509; subjugation of, iii. 515-16; declared a state, 1855, iii. 525, 529; constitution of, iii. 526, 540, 542, 544; disturbances in, 1883-4, iii. 546-8; a national department, iii. 559; boundaries, etc., iii. 577-8; departments, iii. 578; cities, iii. 578-9; women of, iii. 581-2; education in, iii. 583-4; literature, iii. 584; amusements, iii. 584-5; epidemics, etc., iii. 585-6; administration of justice, iii. 644-5; army, iii. 645-6; agric., iii. 654-5; currency, iii. 675-6; telegraphs, iii. 708-9.
  • Panamá, city, name, i. 404; post established on site of, 1517, i. 429; founding of, 1519, i. 468; progress, etc., of, i. 495-500; arms of, i. 500; slave market at, i. 608-9; Pizarro's exped., ii. 1-15; proposed removal of site, 1531, ii. 247; prosperity, etc., of, ii. 249-50; pillage of, ii. 255; Hinojosa's conquest of, 1545, ii. 255-61; Gasca at, 1546-7, ii. 269-72; captured by Contreras, 1550, ii. 279-81; Bermejo's defeat at, ii. 284-6; sickness at, ii. 399-400; official embezzlement at, ii. 401-2; defences of, ii. 402-3; decadence of, 1610, ii. 470; convent establd. at, 1592-8, ii. 475-6; fires at, 1644, ii. 479; 1737-71, ii. 582; prosperity of, 1645-70, ii. 480-1; descriptions of, ii. 502-3; iii. 578-9; captured by Morgan, ii. 504-7; destruction of, 1671, ii. 507-8; site of, removed, ii. 517-18; rebuilding of, ii. 517-19; naval combat off, 1680, ii. 534-7; freebooters defeated off, 1685, ii. 552-3; revolution at, 1821, iii. 504-8; gen. congress at, 1826, iii. 510-12; disturbances at, 1856, iii. 520-1; 1859-60, iii. 528-30.
  • Panamá Isthmus, infested with criminals, iii. 518-19; guard of the, 1854, iii. 519; transit refused, iii. 522-3; order restored at, iii. 524; protection of the, iii. 539-40, 551-8; disturbances at, 1885, iii. 550-7; canal, iii. 698-700, 703-6; railroad, iii. 700-2.
  • Panciaco, story of the South Sea, i. 348; kindness to the Spaniards, i. 383.
  • Parada, J. G. de, bishop of Guat., 1729-36, ii. 710-11.
  • Paredes, A. G. de, exped., etc., of, 1695, ii. 687-90.
  • Paredes, M., president of Guat., 1849, iii. 277; treachery of, iii. 277-8.
  • Paris, Cacique, defeats Badajoz, 1515, i. 415-17; tomb of, plundered, i. 468.
  • Parker, Capt. W., exped. of, 1602-3, ii. 465-8.
  • Pasamonte, M. de, treasurer-general at Santo Domingo, 1508, i. 266-7.
  • Pasaquina, battle of, 1876, iii. 404.
  • Pastora, F. F. de la, gov. of C. R., 1746, ii. 622.
  • Paterson, W., the Scots' colony, 1695-9, ii. 570-7.
  • Patinamit, description of, i. 655-6; Alvarado's reception at, 1524, i. 656-7; abandoned by natives, 1524, i. 683-4; sack, etc., of, 1525, ii. 77; battle of, 1526, ii. 84.
  • Patzicia, pronunciamiento at, 1871, iii. 420-1.
  • Paul III., bull of, 1531, ii. 239.
  • Pavon, M. F., minister of relations, etc., 1844, iii. 192; death of, 1855, iii. 283.
  • Paz, M. J., jefe of Guat., 1838, iii. 159.
  • Paz, R., president of Guat., 1840-4, iii. 266-7.
  • Pazaco, Alvarado attacked at, 1524, i. 669.
  • Pearl fisheries, of Pan., ii. 394-5, 585; condition of, iii. 676.
  • Pearl Islands, named, 1513, i. 377-8; Morales' exped. to, 1515, i. 408-11; Balboa at, 1517, i. 445-52; yield, etc., of, iii. 676.
  • Pedrarias, D., character, etc., i. 387, 615-16; capt.-gen. of Castilla del Oro, 1514, i. 387; armament, i. 389; retinue, etc., i. 389-91; instructions to, i. 391-2, 397-9; voyage, i. 392; landing at Antigua, i. 393-4; exped. to Cenú, 1515, i. 417; founds Acla, i. 418; feud with Balboa, i. 432-3; fraud of, i. 435-6; duplicity, i. 452, 455; Balboa's trial and execution, 1517, i. 456-9; founds Panamá, 1519, i. 468; residencia of, i. 474, 594-6; resignation, i. 474; dispute with Gonzalez, i. 481-3; exped. against Urracá, i. 507-8; exped. to Nic., 1526, i. 587-92; 1528, i. 605; Pizarro's exped., i. 612-13; death, 1530, i. 614.
  • Pedraza, Licentiate C. de, arrival in Hond., 1538, ii. 292; intercession of, ii. 298; bishop, ii. 299; administr., ii. 299-308.
  • Peinado, J. M., intendente of San Salv., ii., 13-14.
  • Pelaez, F. de P. G., 'Memorias,' ii. 732-3, 737; archbishop of Guat., iii. 630.
  • Pelham, C., 'The World,' ii. 751.
  • Peñalver y Cardenas, L., archbishop of Guat., iii. 29.
  • Peralta, F. de, naval combat off Pan., 1680, ii. 535-7.
  • Peraza, Friar V. de, bishop of Pan., i. 501; ii. 59.
  • Perez, A., insurrection of, 1512, i. 355-6; captures Natá, 1515, i. 414.
  • Perez, B., viceroy of New Gran., 1812, iii. 494-5.
  • Perez, J., works of, iii. 345-6.
  • Perez, M., director of Nic., 1843, iii. 239.
  • Perie, J., gov. of C. R., 1779, ii. 622.
  • Perks, W., command, etc., of, iii. 93-4.
  • Peru, Pizarro's conquest of, ii. 1-42; map, ii. 9; traditions, ii. 16-17; annals, ii. 17-18; Alvarado's exped. to, ii. 38-9, 122-30; rebellion in, 1544-7, ii. 252-73.
  • Peten, capture of, 1697, ii. 692-3.
  • Peten, lake, Cortés at, i. 559-61.
  • Piedrahita, Bishop L. F., works of, ii. 62.
  • Pierzon, Col J., operations of, 1826, iii. 148-9; execution, iii. 150.
  • Pineda, D. de, juez de comision, ii. 178.
  • Pineda, Gen. J. L., director of Nic., 1851-3, iii. 256; revolt against, iii. 256; defeat of, 1855, iii. 332.
  • Piñeda y Zaldaña, T. M., bishop of Salv., iii. 632.
  • Pinelo, A. de L., works of, i. 287-8; ii. 762.
  • Pinkerton, J., works of, ii. 755-6.
  • Piñol y Aycinena, B., archbishop of Guat., 1868, iii. 630.
  • 'Pinta,' voyage of the, 1492-3, i. 159-64.
  • Pinta, A., capture of San José, 1842, iii. 219-20; biog., iii. 219; execution of Morazan, iii. 222; comand.-gen., iii. 224; dismissal, iii. 225-6.
  • Pinto, J. A., vice-president of C. R., 1872, iii. 381-2.
  • Pinzon, M. A., voyage, etc., of, 1492-3, i. 158-63.
  • Pinzon, V. Y., voyage of, 1492-3, i. 112, 158-63; 1499, i. 186; 1506, i. 122, 289.
  • Pisa, A. de, captures Dururua, ii. 68; exped. to C. R., ii. 192-9.
  • Pizarro, F., joins Ojeda's exped., 1509, i. 298; at San Sebastian, i. 321-3; defeats Cemaco, i. 344; Balboa's exped., 1514, i. 376; Tabira's, i. 407; exped. to the Pearl Islands, 1515, i. 408-11; arrests Balboa, 1517, i. 452-3; exped. against Urracá, i. 504-5; character, etc., ii. 1-3; conquest of Peru, ii. 3-38; commission, ii. 13; assassination of, ii. 40-2.
  • Pizarro, G., conquest of Peru, ii. 13; gov. of Quito, ii. 251; revolt of, 1544, ii. 252-4; conquest of Pan., ii. 254-61; defeat of, ii. 272; execution, ii. 273.
  • Pizarro, H., conquest of Peru, ii. 22-40; death, ii. 40.
  • Pizarro, J., conquest of Peru, ii. 13.
  • Pizarro, Friar J., martyrdom of, 1586, ii. 433.
  • Pizarro y Orellana, F., works of, ii. 273.
  • Pocoa, Cacique, attack on Natá, etc., 1527, i. 510.
  • Pocorosa, Cacique, meeting with Balboa, etc., 1513, i. 381-2; captures Santa Cruz, 1515, i. 403; attacks Guzman, i. 405-6.
  • Ponca, Cacique, exped. against, 1512, i. 346; welcomes Balboa, i. 361-3.
  • Ponce, Gen. F., president of Pan., 1868, iii. 536.
  • Poncra, Cacique, Balboa's cruelty to, i. 379-80.
  • Pontaz, Friar, labors of, ii. 133.
  • Pontaza, Friar F. M. de, hermitage establ. by, 1524, i. 638.
  • Porque, Cacique, defeat of, 1513, i. 363-4.
  • Portobello, Columbus at, 1502, i. 216; Nicuesa at, 1510, i. 307; fair, etc., at, ii. 48-9; site of Nombre de Dios removed to, 1597, ii. 399; captured by Parker, 1602, ii. 466-8; description of, ii. 468-70; treasure fleet at, ii. 468-9; captured by Morgan, 1668, ii. 483-9; sacked by pirates, 1679, ii. 519; captured by Vernon, 1739, ii. 588-91; by MacGregor, 1819, iii. 498-9; recaptured, iii. 501.
  • Poveda, A., gov. of Nic., 1722, ii. 607.
  • Prado, M., vice-president, Cent. Amer. republic, 1830, iii. 112-13; jefe of Salv., 1832-4, iii. 122, 167; rule, iii. 167-8.
  • Prescott, W. H., works of, i. 242-6.
  • Press, freedom of, established, iii. 44-5.
  • Prestan, P., outrages of, 1885, iii. 551-3.
  • Prévost, Abbé A. F., works of, ii. 746-8.
  • Prior, P., 'Informe,' ii. 762.
  • 'Provincias Unidas del Centro de América,' established, 1823, iii. 68; debt of, iii. 667-8.
  • Ptolemy, maps of, i. 130, 147.
  • Pueblo Nuevo, pirates defeated at, 1680, ii. 539; 1686, ii. 557.
  • Pueblo Viejo, captured by freebooters, 1686, ii. 556.
  • Puente, A. de la, treasurer at Antigua, 1514, i. 390.
  • Puerta, C. M. de la, labors of, in Tegucigalpa, ii. 642; martyrdom of, ii. 643.
  • Puerto de Caballos, Alvarado at, 1539, ii. 204; raids on, 1595-6, ii. 639; 1603, ii. 650; site of, removed, ii. 650.
  • Puerto Dulce, founding of, ii. 651.
  • Puerto Príncipe, captured by Morgan, ii. 483.
  • Puertocarrero, P., battle of Xelahuh, 1524, i. 639; character, ii. 87-8; exped. to Zacatepec, ii. 88-91; capture of Sinacam's stronghold, ii. 93-5; invasion of Chiap., 1526, ii. 227-8.
  • Purchas, S., works of, ii. 742-4.
  • Q
  • Qat, King, Alvarado's embassy to, i. 622-3.
  • Quadra, V., president of Nic., 1871-5, iii. 475-81.
  • Quarequá, Balboa at, 1513, i. 363-4.
  • Quauhtemotzin, King, execution of, 1524, i. 551-4.
  • Quema, Cacique, capture, etc., of, 1516, i. 426.
  • Quesada, Dr A. R. de, president of the audiencia of the Confines, 1555, ii. 358; administr., ii. 358-60.
  • Quevedo, J. de, bishop of Darien, 1514, i. 390; mediation, etc., of, i. 436-9; departure for Spain, i. 461; dispute with Las Casas, i. 462-3; memorials of, i. 463; death, i. 463.
  • Quezada, convention of, 1844, iii. 193.
  • Quezaltenango, founding of, 1524, i. 638; riot at, iii. 88-9; state congress at, 1826, iii. 148; captured by Pierzon, iii. 149; revolt at, iii. 283; affair at, 1871, iii. 422.
  • Quiché, power, etc., of, i. 620-2; map of, i. 629; conquest of, i. 634-6, 643-51.
  • Quijano, Lieut-col, protest, etc., of, iii. 250.
  • Quiñones, F., revolt at Leon, 1812, iii. 14.
  • Quintana, works, etc., of, ii. 42.
  • Quiroga, M. de, gov. of Nic., 1780, ii. 608.
  • R
  • Rábago, J. de E., exped. of, ii. 425-6.
  • Rada, J. de, assassination of Pizarro, ii. 40-1.
  • Railroads in Cent. Amer., iii. 700-2, 706-8.
  • Ramirez, D., mission to Chiap., 1543, ii. 338.
  • Ramirez, Friar H., bishop of Pan., 1644, ii. 479.
  • Ramirez, J., bishop of Guat., 1600, ii. 381.
  • Ramirez, M., director of Nic., 1849, iii. 256.
  • Ramirez, N., jefe of Salv., 1841, iii. 286.
  • Ramirez, P., exped. to Lacandon, 1559, ii. 363-5.
  • Raon, J., gov. of Pan., 1762, ii. 584.
  • Raoul, N., commander of artillery, etc., 1825, iii. 83; arrest, iii. 85-6.
  • Reactionists, Guat., choice of president, 1848, iii. 274; efforts of, 1872, iii. 427-9; 1873, iii. 433.
  • Realejo, the Contreras revolt, 1550, ii. 277; piratical raid on, 1684, ii. 548; 1685, ii. 555; 1686, ii. 560; blockade of, 1846, iii. 240.
  • 'Recopilacion de Leyes de las Indias,' i. 257-8.
  • 'Recueil de Voiages au Nord,' ii. 749-50.
  • Regent of Audiencias, office of, created, 1776, ii. 714-15.
  • Remesal, Friar A. de, works of, ii. 339-40, 736-7.
  • Repartimiento, system, description of, i. 262-6.
  • 'República de Colombia,' name adopted, iii. 558.
  • Residencia, explanation of term, i. 250.
  • Revenue, of Cent. Amer. states, iii. 677-87.
  • Revolutions, Carrera's Guat., 1837-40, iii. 127-44; Alfaro's C. R., iii. 219-22; against Carrera, 1847-8, iii. 271-3; Menendez', 1885, iii. 411; Granados-Barrios, 1871, iii. 419-24; in Pan., 1821, iii. 502-7; 1840, iii. 515-16; 1868, iii. 536-7; 1875, iii. 541-2.
  • Ribera, Dr, defeats Verdugo, ii. 263-4.
  • Ribera, Duque de, bishop of Pan., 1594, ii. 475.
  • Ribera, P. E. de, bishop of Guat., 1659-68, ii. 667-8.
  • Ribero, D. de, Nicuesa's exped., 1509-10, i. 302-4.
  • Richardson, J., 'Polar Regions,' iii. 709.
  • Rincon, Gen. B. T. M. del, president of Guat., 1789-94, ii. 728.
  • Ringrose, B., adventure of, 1680, ii. 530-2; naval combat off Pan., ii. 535-7; works, etc., of, ii. 568.
  • Rios, P. de los, gov. of Castilla del Oro, 1526, i. 592-3; rule, i. 593-4; exped. to Nic., i. 602-4; Pizarro's conquest, ii. 6-8, 12; character, etc., ii. 44-5; usurpation of, ii. 177-8.
  • Riotte, Gen. C. N., intervention of, 1869, iii. 474.
  • Rivas, Friar, mission to Lacandon, 1685, ii. 680-1.
  • Rivas, F. R. de, president of Guat., 1716-24, ii. 706.
  • Rivas, President P., denounces Walker, iii. 349; govt of recognized, iii. 350; colonization decree of, 1855, iii. 592.
  • Rivas, city, Walker's defeat at, 1856, iii. 344-5; siege of, 1857, iii. 358-60.
  • Roads, in Pan., 1541-56, ii. 247-8; in Hond., 1539-47, ii. 293-4; of Cent. Amer., iii. 669.
  • Roatan, island, captured by pirates, etc., ii. 647-8; restored, iii. 113; British seizure of, iii. 319.
  • Roberts, O. W., 'Narrative of Voyages,' iii. 247-8.
  • Robertson, W., works of, i. 196-7.
  • Robles, Dr, exped. to El Desaguadero, ii. 176; gov. of Castilla del Oro, ii. 245; oidor, 1538, ii. 245; residencia of, ii. 245-6.
  • Rodriguez, J. M., revolt of, 1811, iii. 13.
  • Rojas, D. de, capture, etc., of, 1530, ii. 113.
  • Rojas, G. de, in charge at Acla, 1515, i. 418; exped. of, 1525, i. 577-8; 1526, i. 589-92.
  • Ruano, Capt. J., mention of, i. 536.
  • Rueda, P. M. de, president of Guat., 1589-93, ii. 382.
  • Ruiz, Pilot B., exped. to Peru, ii. 5-8.
  • Runnels, R., chief of isthmus guard, iii. 519.
  • Ruscelli, map of, 1544, i. 148.
  • Ruysch, J., map of, 1508, i. 126.
  • S
  • Saavedra, H., capt.-gen. of Hond., 1525, i. 574, 582; Pedrarias' exped. against, 1526, i. 589-92.
  • Sacasa, Col C., general order of, iii. 47; comand.-gen. of Nic., iii. 48; measures, iii. 48-9.
  • Sacasa, J., deputy to córtes, iii. 26.
  • Sahquiab, Cacique, defeat of, 1525, i. 699-700.
  • Salaya, H. de, death of, i. 501.
  • Salaya, Licentiate S. de, alcalde mayor of Antigua, 1522, i. 475.
  • Salazar, A. de, the Zacatepec revolt, 1525, i. 694.
  • Salazar, Gen. C., revolt at Leon, 1812, iii. 14; biog. iii. 131-2; victory at Villanueva, 1838, iii. 135-6.
  • Salazar, Factor G. de, proceedings of, 1530, ii. 16; usurpation, etc., of, ii. 75-6.
  • Salazar, L., pronunciamiento of, 1868, iii. 378.
  • Salcedo, D. L. de, gov. of Hond., 1525, i. 598; rule, i. 599-600; exped. to Nic., i. 600-5; imprisonment, etc., of, i. 605-7; return to Trujillo, 1529, ii. 145; death, ii. 146.
  • Salguero, R., the Contreras revolt, 1550, ii. 274-86; death, ii. 286.
  • Salinas, Minister, suggestions to Nic. assembly, 1847, iii. 243-4.
  • Salvador, Alvarado's invasion of, i. 669-76; independence proclaimed in, 1821, iii. 45; protest of, 1822, iii. 57; war with Guat., iii. 57-8, 90-100, 278-80, 401-5, 409-10; with Mex., 1822-3, iii. 62-4; secession of, iii. 116-17, 168; departments, iii. 165; state govt organized, 1824, iii. 165-6; church affairs in, iii. 166, 632; maps of, iii. 191, 205; war with Nic., 1844, iii. 196-200; with Hond., iii. 202-6, 393-9, 428, 455-62; union with Nic. and Hond., iii. 209-11; assembly, iii. 285-7, 397-8, 407; constitution, iii. 286, 308, 397-8, 407-9; invasion of, iii. 295; difficulty with England, 1849, iii. 297-8; declared a republic, iii. 300-1; seal of, iii. 301; Walker's exped., iii. 350-61; earthquake in, 1873, iii. 399-400; prosperity of, 1874, iii. 400; disturbances in, 1875, iii. 400-1; revolution in, 1885, iii. 411-12; boundaries, etc., iii. 571-2; polit. divisions, iii. 572; govt, iii. 572-3; cities, iii. 573-4; population, etc., iii. 588, 604-6; immigration, iii. 591; dress, iii. 606; mode of life, iii. 606-7; education in, iii. 624; administr. of justice, iii. 641; army, iii. 647-8; agric., iii. 652; mining, iii. 658; manufact., iii. 661; revenue, etc., iii. 681; debt, iii. 681-2; railroads, iii. 707-8.
  • 'Salvador,' ship, case of the, 1864, iii. 522.
  • Sámano, viceroy of New Gran., 1821-2, iii. 503.
  • Samayoa, J. M., minister of war, Guat., 1876, iii. 402; exile of, iii. 419.
  • San Bartolomé Island, capture of, 1780, ii. 609-10.
  • San Buenaventura, Father J. de, mission of, 1695, ii. 690.
  • San Cárlos, fort, capture of, 1665, ii. 441; 1812, iii. 14; attack on, 1769, ii. 608-9.
  • San Cristóbal, freebooters at, 1625, ii. 453-4.
  • San Fernando, seat of Nic. govt at, iii. 240.
  • San Fernando de Omoa, fort, building of, ii. 645; captured by English, 1779, ii. 646; recaptured, ii. 647.
  • San Gil de Buenavista, site of, transferred, i. 565.
  • San Jorge de Olancho, founding of, 1530, ii. 121.
  • San José, Morazan besieged at, 1842, iii. 219-20; treaty of, 1858, iii. 232-3; pronunciamiento at, 1868, iii. 378; émeute at, 1870, iii. 379.
  • San Juan, J. N., deputy to córtes, iii. 26.
  • San Juan de Puerto Rico, Drake defeated at, 1595, ii. 422.
  • San Juan del Norte, British aggression at, iii. 249-52; bombardment of, 1854, iii. 254-5.
  • San Juan, fort, capture of, 1780, ii. 611.
  • San Juan River, exploration of, 1528, i. 607-8.
  • San Lorenzo, fortifications of, ii. 494; captured by Bradley, 1670, ii. 494-6; castle, etc., of, destroyed, ii. 514; captured by Vernon, 1740, ii. 59.
  • San Lúcas, affair at, 1871, iii. 423.
  • San Miguel, federal defeat at, 1828, iii. 95; sack, etc., of, 1875, iii. 400-1; occupied by Solares, 1876, iii. 404; description of, iii. 574.
  • San Miguel, gulf of, named by Balboa, 1513, i. 373.
  • San Martin, J. M. de, president of Salv., iii. 299.
  • San Pedro, L'Olonnois' raid on, ii. 458-9.
  • San Salvador, revolt at, 1811, iii. 13-14; 1814, iii. 20; 1844-5, iii. 200-1; junta at, 1821, iii. 45; Arzú's attack on, 1822, iii. 60-1; 1828, iii. 94; Filisola's exped. against, iii. 62-4; aid sought from U. S., iii. 64; Arce's repulse at, 1827, iii. 91; captured by Morazan, 1832, iii. 117-18; a federal district, 1835, iii. 120; convention at, 1840, iii. 143-4; seat of federal govt, iii. 152, 168-9; earthquake at, 1854, iii. 300; siege of, 1863, iii. 306; description of, iii. 573-4.
  • San Sebastian, founding of, 1510, i. 299-300; abandoned, i. 321-5; rebuilt, ii. 50.
  • Sanabria, Alcalde, mention of, ii. 71-2.
  • Sanchez, Pilot B., in Verag., 1503, i. 225-6.
  • Sandé, Dr F., president of Guat., 1593-6, ii. 382; gov. of Nueva Galicia, 1596, ii. 382-3.
  • Sandoval, J. L., director of Nic., 1845-7, iii. 240-2.
  • Santa Ana, captured by Arce, 1826, iii. 92; affair at, 1827, iii. 93; battle of, 1871, iii. 395-6; treaty of, 1876, iii. 406.
  • Santa Catarina, buccaneer colony at, i. 461-3; captured by Morgan, 1670, ii. 493, 496.
  • Santa Clara, B. de, treasurer at Santo Domingo, i. 267.
  • Santa Coloma, Gen. P., president of Pan., 1863, iii. 533.
  • Santa Cruz, settlement of, founded, 1514, i. 400; destroyed, 1515, i. 403.
  • Santa Fé de Bogotá, revolt at, 1810, iii. 493.
  • Santa María, piratical raid on, 1680, ii. 520-8.
  • 'Santa María,' voyage of the, 1492, i. 159-62.
  • Santa Marta, viceregal seat at, 1813, iii. 495.
  • Santa Rosa, insurrection in, 1871, iii. 424-5.
  • Santa Tecla, insurrection at, 1883, iii. 408.
  • Santiago, city (see also Guatemala, city), founding of, 1524, i. 678-81; site of, removed, 1527-8, ii. 96-9; 1542, ii. 321-2; disorders in, 1530, ii. 118-19; distress at, ii. 120; church affairs at, ii. 136; cathedral of, ii. 137-8, 341-2, 668; flood, etc., at, 1541, ii. 314-18; decree of cabildo, 1543, ii. 323; prosperity of, 1650-1700, ii. 653; Gage's sketch of, ii. 654-5; office-holding in, ii. 655-6; ayuntamiento of, ii. 657; convents, etc., of, ii. 645; earthquakes at, 1702-17, ii. 707-8.
  • Santiago del Príncipe, founding of, 1570, ii. 388.
  • Santillan, Fiscal P. de M., imprisonment, etc., of, 1669, ii. 658.
  • Santo Domingo, founding of, i. 179; gold-hunting near, i. 252; sovereign tribunal at, 1511, i. 269; audiencia of, establd., 1526, i. 269-70; captured by Drake, 1586, ii. 420.
  • Santo Tomás, colonization at, iii. 589-90.
  • Serna, Capt. H. de la, explorations of, ii. 246.
  • Serviles, Guat., party, iii. 69; attitude of, iii. 85; downfall of, iii. 100; plot of, 1831, iii. 113-14; disturbances created by, iii. 123-4; league with Carrera, iii. 140-1; elections, iii. 150-1; persecution of, iii. 152-3.
  • Sharp, Capt. B., raid on Santa María, 1680, ii. 520-8; further operations, ii. 533, 541-2; trial of, ii. 542.
  • Silva, Doña B. de, mention of, ii. 344.
  • Simon, P., works of, ii. 61.
  • Sinacam, King, Alvarado's meeting with, 1524, i. 652-3; capture, etc., of, i. 661-2; ii. 92-5.
  • Sinibaldi, A., provis. president of Guat., 1885, iii. 449-50.
  • Santo Tomás de Castilla, founding of, ii. 650; Dutch raid on, 1607, ii. 651; abandoned, ii. 651.
  • Saravia, J. M., minister of state, 1842, iii. 217; capture of, iii. 219-20; death, iii. 220-1; biog., iii. 221.
  • Sawkins, Capt., raid on Santa María, 1680, ii. 523-5; naval combat off Pan., ii. 535-7; reply to gov., ii. 538-9; death of, ii. 539.
  • Schlessinger, L., envoy to C. R., 1855, iii. 342; defeat of, 1856, iii. 343-4.
  • Schöner, J., map of, 1520, i. 137.
  • Scots' Colony, the, 1695-1700, ii. 570-9.
  • Seals, Cent. Amer., iii. 71; Salv., iii. 301.
  • Segovia, N. de, campaign of, 1712, ii. 703-4.
  • Sensenti, treaty of, 1845, iii. 206.
  • Slavery, Indian and African, i. 253-66; in Pan., ii. 232-3; in Hond., ii. 233-4, 302; in Guat., ii. 234-6; in Vera Paz, ii. 355.
  • Soberanis, R. de, gov. of Yuc., etc., 1695, ii. 688, 691.
  • Society, mediæval, in Spain, i. 15-57.
  • Soconuscans, subjugation of, 1524, i. 628.
  • Soconusco, church affairs in, ii. 335, 372.
  • Solares, Gen. G., invasion of Salv., 1876, iii. 403-4; coöperation with Granados, iii. 420-2.
  • Solis, J. D. de, voyages of, i. 131, 289.
  • Soltero, B. G., bishop of Guat., 1650, ii. 664-5.
  • Sosa, J. de, exped. to Veragua, 1535-6, ii. 65-73.
  • Sosa, Lope de, capt.-gen. of Castilla del Oro, 1517, i. 460; arrival at Antigua, i. 472; death, 1520, i. 472-3.
  • Soto, B., president of C. R., 1885, iii. 390-1; biog., iii. 390.
  • Soto, F. de, exped. of, 1538, i. 151.
  • Soto, H. de, joins Pedrarias' exped., 1514, i. 391; exped. against Urracá, i. 504; encounter with Gonzalez, i. 519-20; dispute with Córdoba, i. 586; journey to Natá, i. 586-7; conquest of Peru, ii. 20-5.
  • Soto, M. A., president of Hond., 1876-83, iii. 463-8; quarrel with Barrios, 1883, iii. 467-8.
  • Sotomayor, A. de, gov. of Pan., 1601, ii. 464.
  • Soto-Mayor, V., works of, ii. 761.
  • South Sea, discov. of, 1513, i. 364-8; Balboa takes possession of, i. 370-3.
  • Spain, origin of inhabitants, i. 5-7; the Iberian element in, i. 5-6, 15-16; the Celtic, i. 5-6, 15-17; the Phœnician, i. 5-6, 16-17; the Roman, i. 6-7, 15-16; the Gothic, etc., i. 6-7, 16-18; the Moorish, i. 7-10, 16-19; language of, i. 7-9; greatness of, 1474-1516, i. 11; decadence, i. 11-12; climate, i. 14-15; inquisition in, i. 32; slavery in, i. 33; sumptuary laws, i. 55-7; voyages of Columbus, i. 157-82; title to new world, i. 166-8; extension of new world privileges, i. 183-4; currency of, 1475-1525, i. 192-3; administr. of the Indies, 1492-1526, i. 247-85; colonization of Tierra Firme, i. 290-2; effect of Balboa's discov., i. 386; colonial policy, i. 514-15, 597-8; ii. 251-2; commercial policy, ii. 391-3; war with England, 1739-44, ii. 588-93; 1769-80, ii. 608-11; treaties with England, 1670-1721, ii. 598-600; 1783, ii. 606; affairs in, iii. 1-4; measures for protection against, iii. 105-6; C. R. boundary question, iii. 235-6; treaty with Nic., iii. 253; exped. of, 1815, iii. 496-7.
  • Spaniards, race elements and evolution, i. 15-19; character, i. 12-24, 29-32, 57-8; castes, etc., i. 25-6; occupations, i. 26-7; pastimes, i. 34-5, 49-50; dwellings, i. 35-9; markets, etc., i. 37; women, i. 39, 51-4; dress, i. 39-45; religion, i. 45; food, etc., i. 45-8; hospitality, i. 49; treatment, etc., of women, i. 51-4.
  • Squier, E. G., biog., iii. 261-2; works of, iii. 262-3.
  • Sterling, Vice-admiral C., mention of, iii. 494-5.
  • Stevens, H., 'Historical and Geographical Notes,' i. 70.
  • Stout, P. F., 'Nicaragua,' iii. 247.
  • Strangeways, T., 'Sketch of the Mosquito Shore,' iii. 247.
  • Swan, Capt., raids off coast of South Amer., 1684-5, ii. 549-50; capture of Leon, ii. 554.
  • T
  • Tabira, J. de, factor at Antigua, 1514, i. 390; exped. of, 1515, i. 407.
  • Tobaga, island, Pedrarias at, 1519, i. 467; pirates at, 1680, ii. 538.
  • Tacuxcalco, battle of, 1524, i. 673-4.
  • Tacuylula, Alvarado at, 1524, i. 667.
  • Tafur, Licentiate, mention of, ii. 7.
  • Talamanca, revolt in, 1610, ii. 445-6; Maldonado's exped. to, 1660, ii. 446; Franciscans in, ii. 447; attempted subjugation of, ii. 617-20.
  • Talavera, B. de, piracy of, i. 300; execution, 1510, i. 301.
  • Tapia, G. de, capture, etc., of, 1550, ii. 282.
  • Tarragona, Maestre de Campo, execution of, 1554, ii. 425.
  • Tatahuitlapan, Cortés at, 1524, i. 544-5.
  • Tataracherubi, Cacique, Badajoz' dealings with, 1515, i. 413-14.
  • Tayasal, pueblo, Cortés at, i. 559-61.
  • Tecum Umam, King, defeat of, 1524, i. 639-41.
  • Tegucigalpa, missionary labors in, ii. 642-3.
  • Tegucigalpa, city, capital of Hond., 1880, iii. 465; description of, iii. 571.
  • Tehuantepec, city, Alvarado's reception at, 1524, i. 627.
  • Tehuantepec, isthmus, project for canal, iii. 693-4.
  • Telegraphs, in Cent. Amer., iii. 708-9.
  • Tenango, captured by Tzendales, 1712, ii. 698.
  • Tenciz, pueblo, Cortés at, 1525, i. 564.
  • Teoca, Cacique, encounter with Balboa, 1513, i. 378.
  • Teotilac, Cortés at, 1524, i. 550-7.
  • Terci, J., gov. of C. R., 1785, ii. 622.
  • Terminos, bay of, buccaneer settlement at, ii. 623.
  • Ternaux-Compans, H., works of, i. 200; ii. 759.
  • Tetlepanquetzal, execution of, 1524, i. 551-4.
  • Thévenot, M., 'Relation de Divers Voyages,' ii. 744.
  • Thevet, A., works of, ii. 233.
  • Thiel, Bishop, mention of, iii. 389; expulsion, etc., of, iii. 635.
  • Tiac, Cortés at, 1524, i. 558.
  • Tierra Firme, name, i. 290-1; proposed colonization of, i. 290-2; partition of, i. 294; subject to viceroy of Peru, 1571, ii. 400-1.
  • Tiger Island, British seizure of, 1849, iii. 318.
  • Tizapetlan, Cortés at, 1524, i. 549-50.
  • Tlascaltecs, enslavement of, ii. 234.
  • Toledo, M. de, claim of, ii. 64.
  • Tologalpa, missionary labors in, ii. 447-50.
  • Tolosa, Father D. de, martyrdom of, 1549, ii. 356.
  • Tonalá, battle of, 1524, i. 628.
  • Torre, Friar T. de la, mention of, ii. 345; provincial, ii. 376.
  • Torres, Friar J. de, mention of, ii. 133.
  • Tortuga, freebooters at, ii. 453-4.
  • Totonagua, Cacique, surprised by Badajoz, 1515, i. 413.
  • Totonicapan, natives muster at, 1524, i. 633.
  • Townley, Capt., joins Davis' freebooters, 1685, ii. 550-1; capture of Leon, ii. 554; of Granada, 1686, ii. 557-9; surprise of Los Santos, ii. 561; defeat of, ii. 561; death, ii. 561.
  • Treasure fleet, regulations, etc., for, ii. 468-9, 473.
  • Treaties, Anglo-Spanish, 1670-1721, ii. 598-600; 1783, ii. 606; 1786, ii. 632-4; of Zatoca, 1844, iii. 196-7; Chinameca, 1845, iii. 203-4; Sensenti, 1845, iii. 206; San Jose, 1858, iii. 232-3; Clayton-Bulwer, 1850, iii. 252; Zeledon-Wyke, 1860, iii. 253; of Santa Ana, 1876, iii. 406.
  • Triana, R. de, mention of, i. 160.
  • Triunfo de la Cruz, founding of, 1524, i. 520, 527.
  • Trota, Cacique, exped. against, 1527, i. 509-10.
  • Trujillo, founding of, 1525, i. 535; Cortés at, 1525-6, i. 571-82; Mendez' revolt at, 1531, ii. 150-3; destitution at, ii. 155-6; partial abandonment of, ii. 156, 289; demands of colonists, ii. 159-60; raid on, 1596, ii. 639; 1643, 1797, ii. 645; description of, ii. 639; capture of, 1820, iii. 24-5; British occupation of, 1849, iii. 317.
  • Tubanamá, Cacique, captured by Balboa, 1513, i. 381-2.
  • Tuero, J. N., deputy to córtes, iii. 26.
  • Tumaco, Cacique, meeting with Balboa, 1513, i. 375-7.
  • Tumbez, Pizarro at, 1532, ii. 18.
  • Tuxpan, Cortés at, 1522, i. 624.
  • Tuzulutlan, see Vera Paz.
  • Tzendales, revolt of the, 1712-13, ii. 696-705.
  • U
  • Ubilla, Don F. A. de, bishop of Chiap., 1592, ii. 373.
  • Ugarte y Saravia, A. de, bishop of Guat., 1630-41, ii. 664.
  • Ulloa, A. de, 'Noticias Americanas,' ii. 760-1.
  • Ulloa, F. de, exped. of, 1539, i. 152.
  • United States, Clayton-Bulwer treaty, 1850, iii. 252; difficulty with Nic., iii. 254-5; with New Gran., 1855, iii. 519; 1856-7, iii. 520-2; treaty with New Gran., 1846, iii. 700-1.
  • United States of Colombia, organized, 1860, iii. 529; govt of, centralized, 1885, iii. 558.
  • Uraga, Gen. L., operations of, 1876, iii. 403.
  • Urbina, Col J. de M., gov. of Pan., 1803, iii. 489.
  • Urracá, Cacique, exped. against, i. 504-5; attack on Natá, i. 506; conflict with Pedrarias, i. 507-8; capture, etc., of, 509; death, 510.
  • Urrutia, C., capt.-gen., 1818, iii. 23; rule, iii. 23-32.
  • Ursua, M., enterprise of, 1692, ii. 681-2; Soberanis' opposition to, ii. 688, 691; campaigns of, 1697-9, ii. 691-5.
  • Ursua, P. de, campaign of, ii. 387-8.
  • Uspantan, exped. against, 1529, ii. 108-10; capture of, 1530, ii. 112-30.
  • Utatlan, description of, i. 643-5; burning of, 1524, i. 649-50.
  • V
  • Vaena, J., labors of, in Tegucigalpa, ii. 642-3; martyrdom of, ii. 643.
  • Vallarino, J., biog., iii. 513.
  • Valderas, Friar, mission to Spain, ii. 346.
  • Valderrábano, A. de, execution of, 1517, i. 457-9.
  • Valderrama, F. de, gov. of C. R., ii. 621.
  • Valdivia, Regidor, mission to Española, 1511, i. 342; fate of, i. 349-50.
  • Valdivieso, A. de, bishop of Nic., 1544, ii. 179-80; biog., ii. 179; feud with Contreras, ii. 180-3; dispute with the audiencia of the Confines, 1545, ii. 303-7; assassination of, 1550, ii. 276.
  • Valencia, Capt.-gen. P. de O., campaign of, ii. 388.
  • Valenzuela, joins Espinosa, i. 425; exped. of, 1516, i. 426.
  • Valladolid, junta at, 1541, ii. 239-40.
  • Valle, J. del, leader of gazistas, iii. 26; biog., iii. 26-7; death of, iii. 121.
  • Valtonado, B., bishop of Nic., 1621, ii. 443.
  • Valverde, G. de, president of Guat., 1578-89, ii. 380-1.
  • Valverde, V. de, conquest of Peru, ii. 27-9, 37-8.
  • Vara, R. de la, archbishop of Guat., iii. 29.
  • Vargas, Capt. A de, exped. of, 1527, i. 509-10.
  • Varnhagen, F. A. de, 'Le Premier Voyage de Amerigo Vespucci,' i. 70.
  • Vasco y Orosco, J., gov. of Pan., 1764, ii. 584.
  • Vasconcelos, D., defeat of, 1850, iii. 279-80; president of Salv., iii. 294-9.
  • Vazquez, F., works of, ii. 142-3, 736-7.
  • Vela, Viceroy V. N., measures of, in Pan., 1544, ii. 242-3; arrival in Peru, 1544, ii. 252; revolt against, ii. 252-3; death of, 1546, ii. 254.
  • Velasco, D. F. de, gov. of Castilla del Oro, 1616, ii. 471.
  • Velasco, J. D. de, exped. of, 1695, ii. 682-5; 1696, ii. 686.
  • Vera Paz, pacification of, ii. 348-54; slavery, etc., in, ii. 355; church affairs in, ii. 374; colonization in, iii. 122-3, 589.
  • Vera y Villaquiran, D. O. de, exped. of, 1646-8, ii. 677-9.
  • Veragua, Columbus' explorations, etc., in, 1503, i. 218-31; quibian of, i. 219-28; colony founded in, i. 221-2; abandoned, i. 229-30; Nicuesa's exped. to, 1509-10, i. 302-8; description of, ii. 63; Gutierrez' exped. to, 1535-6, ii. 65-73; secession of, 1840, iii. 515.
  • Verdelete, E., labors in Tologalpa, ii. 448-50; martyrdom, 1612, ii. 450.
  • Verdugo, M., arrest, etc., of, ii. 261-2; invasion of Pan., 1545, ii. 262-3; defeat of, ii. 263-4; rebuked by Gasca, ii. 269.
  • Vernon, Capt. E., exped. of, 1739-42, ii. 588-93.
  • Verrazano, G., exped. of, 1524, i. 140-1.
  • Verveer, Gen., mediation of, iii. 98.
  • Vespucci, A., voyages of, i. 99-107, 112-13, 117-18.
  • Vetancur, Don R. V., gov. of Yuc., ii. 631; exped. to Belize, ii. 631-2.
  • Vetancur, Father de S. J., founds Bethlehemite order in Guat., ii. 666.
  • Vila, Gen. R. S., president of Pan., 1885, iii. 549-50, 559.
  • Villa Hermosa, Marqués de, gov. of Pan., 1730-5, ii. 583-4.
  • Villa de Nicaragua, revolt at, 1812, iii. 14.
  • Villa Real, see Ciudad Real.
  • Villa Rocha, Marqués de, gov. of Pan., 1708, ii. 582.
  • Villacorta, J. V., jefe of Salv., 1824, iii. 166-7.
  • Villalpando, B. de, bishop of Guat., 1564, ii. 375-8.
  • Villanueva, battle of, 1838, iii. 135-6.
  • Villar, A. del, prosecution of conspirators, iii. 18-19.
  • Villaseñor, Col V., defection of, 1842, iii. 216-17; execution, iii. 221-2.
  • Villasis, Friar S. de, mission of, 1646, ii. 677-8.
  • Viteri, Bishop, mention of, iii. 190, 193, 202; revolution of, 1842, iii. 289; intrigues of, iii. 291-3.
  • Vivero, R. de, gov. of Castilla del Oro, ii. 472.
  • Votan, tradition of, ii. 213.
  • 'Voyage Pittoresque,' ii. 754-5.
  • 'Voyages round the World,' ii. 752.
  • 'Voyages and Adventures of Capt. Barth. Sharp,' ii. 568.
  • Voyages of discovery, early, i. 68-154.
  • W
  • Wafer, 'A New Voyage,' ii. 569.
  • Walckenaer, C. A., works of, ii. 749.
  • Walker, W., campaign in Nic., 1855-6, iii. 328-46; biog., iii. 329; plan of exped., iii. 343; president of Nic., iii. 350; surrender, iii. 360-1; second exped. to Nic., iii. 363; exped. to Hond., iii. 363; execution, 1860, iii. 364.
  • Wappäus, J. G., 'Geographie und Statestif,' iii. 709.
  • Warner, T., exped. of, 1625, ii. 453.
  • Weatherhead, W. D., works of, iii. 502.
  • Wells, W. V., works of, iii. 323.
  • Wheeler, Amer. minister, relations with, discontinued, 1855, iii. 340.
  • 'World Displayed,' ii. 250.
  • X
  • Xalpatlahua, Peñol, capture, ii. 82-3.
  • Xatruch, Gen., invasion of Hond., 1871, iii. 455-6.
  • Xelahuh, city, Alvarado's occupation of, 1524, i. 638; battle of, i. 639-41.
  • Xequiqel, river, named, 1524, i. 636.
  • Xicaques, missionary labors among the, 1667-98, ii. 643-4.
  • Xumay, outbreak at, 1529, ii. 107-8.
  • Y
  • Yucatan, Valdivia's shipwreck, etc., off, 1512, i. 350; buccaneers in, ii. 622-3; British usurpation in, iii. 315; population, iii. 316; products, iii. 316-17.
  • Z
  • Zacaha, fortifications of, i. 633.
  • Zacatepecs, revolt of the, 152, i. 692-5; 1527, ii. 88-91.
  • Zacatula, ship-building at, 1522, i. 623.
  • Zaclunes, revolt of the, 1624, ii. 676.
  • Zatoca, treaty of, 1844, iii. 196-7.
  • Zakuléu, capture of, 1525, i. 700-2.
  • Zaldívar, R., president of Salv., 1876-84, iii. 406-11; biog., iii. 406-7; negotiations with Barrios, iii. 446-7.
  • Zamora, A. C., bishop of C. R., 1884, iii. 635.
  • Zamora, J., revolt of, 1826, iii. 179-80.
  • Zamudio, M., gov. of Castilla del Oro, 1511, i. 335; cruelty to Nicuesa, i. 335-6; outdone by Balboa, i. 339-40.
  • Zapata y Sandoval, J., bishop of Guat., 1621-30, ii. 664.
  • Zapotitlan, capture of, 1524, i. 629-31.
  • Zavala, Gen. J., president of Nic., 1879-83, iii. 482-5.
  • Zavala, Gen. V., operations of, 1856, iii. 353-6; disturbances caused by, iii. 361-2; revolt in favor of, 1869, iii. 416-17.
  • Zelaya, G., jefe of Hond., 1827, iii. 162.
  • Zeledon-Wyke treaty, 1860, iii. 253.
  • Zeno, chart of, 1390, i. 82.
  • Zepeda, Father, explorations of, 1750-1, ii. 613-14.
  • Zepeda, J., jefe of Nic., 1835, iii. 177.
  • Zipangu, fabled realm of, i. 160-1.
  • Zorita, Oidor, measures of, in Guat., 1555, ii. 359.
  • Zuazo, Licentiate, despatch to Cortés, i. 572-3.
  • Zubiaur, P. de, exped. of, 1695, ii. 690.
  • Zutugils, subjugation, 1524, i. 657-60.