INDEX.

• A
• Aa, P. V., works of, ii. 745-6.
• Abibeiba, Cacique, domain of, invaded, 1512, i. 352.
• Ábrego, F., bishop of Pan., 1569-74, ii. 474-5.
• Acajutla, battle of, 1524, i. 670-3.
• Acala, province, Dominicans in, 1550-5, ii. 360; invasion of, ii. 365.
• 'Accessory Transit Company,' mention of, iii. 341-2; iii. 667-8.
• Acla, name, i. 418; founding of, 1515, i. 418; massacre at, 1516, i. 441; town of, laid out, i. 441; abandoned, ii. 396.
• Acosta, J., 'Compendio,' ii. 62.
• Agriculture, in Cent. Amer., iii. 650-5.
• Aguado, J., commissioner of inquiry, 1494, i. 176.
• Aguilar, E., president of Salv., 1846, iii. 291-2.
• Aguilar, Friar G. de, shipwreck, etc., of, 1512, i. 350; rescue, 1519, i. 350.
• Aguilar, G. de, bravery of, i. 688-9.
• Aguilar, M., revolt of, 1811, iii. 12-13; mission of, 1828, iii. 180; jefe of C. R., 1837-8, iii. 183.
• Aguilar, V., revolt of, 1811, iii. 12-13; vice-president of C. R., 1859, iii. 373.
• Ahuachapan, siege of, 1876, iii. 403-5.
• Ahzumanche, Prince, death of, i. 637.
• Aillon, L. V. de, exped. of, 1520, i. 138; 1523, i. 142-3.
• Alarcon, H. de, exped. of, 1540, i. 153.
• Albites, D. de, mission to Nicuesa, 1510, i. 331-3; exped. of, 1515, i. 404-5; battle with Darien Indians, 1516, i. 425; further expeditions, i. 429-30, 471; founds Nombre de Dios, i. 471; in command at Natá, i. 508; gov. of Hond., 1532, ii. 155; death, ii. 155.
• Albuquerque, A. de, voyage of, 1503, i. 121.
• Alcaine, M., intercession of, 1855, iii. 261.
• Alcalde, office of, i. 297-8.
• Alcántara, M. de, death of, ii. 41.
• Alcazaba, S. de, exped. of, 1534, i. 150.
• Alcedo y Herrera, D. de, gov. of Pan., ii. 584.
• Alderete, ——, gov. of Pan., 1725-30, ii. 583.
• Alfaro, F., revolt of, 1842, iii. 219.
• Alfaro, J. M., jefe of C. R., 1842, iii. 224, 226; 1846, iii. 227-8.
• Almagro, D. de, joins Pedrarias' exped., 1514, i. 391; character, etc., of, ii. 3-4; Pizarro's exped. to Peru, ii. 4-8, 19, 35-40; death, ii. 40.
• Almagro, D. de jun., assassination of Pizarro, ii. 40-1; execution of, ii. 42.
• Almansa, F., mention of, iii. 38.
• Altamirano, Friar D., advice to Cortés, i. 580-1.
• Altamirano, J. C., bishop of Guat., 1611-15, ii. 664.
• Alvarado, D. de, exped. of, 1530, ii. 121.
• Alvarado, G. de, battle of Tacuxcalco, 1524, i. 673; capture of Mixco, 1525, i. 687; conquest of the Mames, 1525, i. 695-702; revolt caused by, ii. 79-80.
• Alvarado, J. de, gov. of Guat., 1527, ii. 95, 104-5; executor of P. de Alvarado, ii. 207-8.
• Alvarado, P. de, conquest of Guat., 1522-4, i. 617-62; of Itzcuintlan, 1524, i. 663-5; invasion of Salv., i. 669-76; the Cackchiquel revolts, 1525-6, i. 681-92; ii. 74-85; conquest of the Mames, i. 695-702; exped. to Peru, ii. 38-9, 122-30; return to Mex., ii. 85-6; trial of, ii. 100-4; marriage, ii. 102; return to Guat., 1530, ii. 116-17; residencia, etc., of, ii. 131-2; exped. to Hond., 1535-6, ii. 160-5; 1539, ii. 296-9; departs for Spain, ii. 165; crown grant to, 1538, ii. 203; exped. of, 1539-41, ii. 203-7; death, ii. 207; will, ii. 207-9; character, ii. 209-11; offspring, ii. 211-12.
• Álvarez, Gen. M., capture, etc., of Walker, 1860, iii. 364.
• Alzayaga, J. de, exped. of, 1696, ii. 685-6.
• Alzuru, Col, revolt, etc., of, 1831, iii. 514.
• Amar y Borbon, A., viceroy of New Gran., 1803, iii. 491.
• Amatique Bay, discovery of, ii. 650.
• Amedzaga, J. H. de, gov. of Pan., 1711-16, ii. 583.
• America, aborigines of, i. 59-68; sighted by Biarne, 986, i. 76; discovery of claimed by Arabs, 1147, i. 78; name of, i. 291-2.
• 'American Coast Pilot', ii. 758.
• Amézqueta, B. de, exped. of, 1696, ii. 686-7.
• Anacaona, Queen, execution of, i. 259-60.
• Añaquito, battle of, 1546, ii. 254.
• Andagoya, P. de, exped. to Birú, 1522, i. 139, 502-3; joins Pedrarias, i. 391; works, etc., of, i. 503-4; ii. 247.
• Andrés, Cacique, guide to Sharp's exped., 1680, ii. 520-3.
• Angel, Doña M., imposture, etc., of, 1712, ii. 697-701.
• Angulo, Father, bishop of Vera Paz, 1559, ii. 374.
• Añino, U., gov. of Pan., 1854, iii. 518; protest of, iii. 518-19.
• Aniñon, F. de, memorial of, ii. 398-9.
• Anson, Capt. G., exped. of, 1739-44, ii. 592-3.
• Antigua, founded by Enciso, 1510, i. 327-8; Balboa in command at, i. 328-30, 338-57; Nicuesa at, i. 334-5; factions in, i. 338-40; growth of, i. 341; prosperity of, i. 385; ranked as a city, 1514, i. 391; scarcity at, i. 396; Indian outbreaks near, 1522, i. 476; abandoned, 1521-4, i. 499.
• Antonelli, Surveyor J. G., rept of, ii. 399.
• Apaneca, battle of, 1876, iii. 403-4.
• Apochpalon, Cacique, meeting with Cortés, etc., 1524, i. 547-50, 557.
• 'Appendix to Sharp's South Sea Waggoner,' MS., ii. 758.
• Aquino, A., revolt of, 1833, iii. 168.
• Arada, battle of, 1850, iii. 279-80.
• Arana, Licentiate T. I. de, rept of, ii. 707.
• Aransivia y Sasi, S. de, gov. of Nic., 1721, ii. 607.
• Arbolancha, P. de, Balboa's envoy to Spain, 1514, i. 384-5; delay of, i. 392; reception, i. 393.
• Arce, M. J., imprisonment of, iii. 20; defeats Padilla, iii. 58; president of Nic., 1825, iii. 80; rule, iii. 82-94; 'Memoria,' iii. 107; defeat of, 1832, iii. 113; pacification of Nic., 1825, iii. 172; invasion of Salv., 1844, iii. 190-1.
• 'Archives of the Indies,' i. 195-6.
• Arellano, J. R. de, bishop of Guat., 1601, ii. 663-4.
• Argüello, F. de, aids Balboa, i. 441, 450; execution of, 1517, i. 457-9.
• Argüello, J., vice-jefe of Nic., 1825, iii. 173; contest with Cerda, iii. 174.
• Aguilar, V., execution of Mora, 1860, iii. 376; death of, iii. 376.
• Arias, C., provis. president of Hond., 1872-4, iii. 457-60.
• Arias, G., exped. of, 1529, ii. 109.
• Aristocrats, attitude, etc., of, in Guat., 1848, iii. 274-6, 281.
• Ariza, Don A. de, 'Comentas,' ii. 481; gov. of Pan., 1774, ii. 582.
• Ariza y Torres, Capt. R., revolt of, 1823, iii. 72-3.
• Aizpuru, Gen. R., revolt of, 1873, iii. 538; revolution of, 1875, iii. 541-2; 1878, iii. 543; president of Pan., iii. 542; occupation of Pan., 1885, iii. 554; arrest, etc., of, iii. 554-5.
• Armies, of Cent. Amer., iii. 645-9.
• Arosemena, M., works, etc., of, iii. 489.
• Arrazola, affair at, 1827, iii. 91.
• Arteaga, B. de, storming of Mixco, 1525, i. 691.
• Arteaga y Avendaño, J. de, bishop of Chiap., etc., 1538, ii. 330; death, ii. 330.
• Arzú, Brigadier M., exped. of, 1822, iii. 60-1; operations of, 1828, iii. 94.
• Asamblea Nacional Constituyente, see Congress, Central American.
• Aspinwall, see Colon.
• Astaburuaga, F. S., 'Repúblicas de Centro-América,' iii. 361.
• Atahualpa, Inca, Pizarro's invasion, ii. 19-20; capture, etc., of, ii. 21-32; ransom, ii. 32-6; execution, ii. 36-8.
• Atiquipac, Alvarado at, 1524, i. 666.
• Atitlan, enslavement of natives in, ii. 234-5.
• Atlacatl, King, submission of, 1524, i. 674.
• Audiencias, description of, i. 270-3.
• Audiencia of the Confines, establd. 1543, ii. 241; jurisd. ii. 241; personnel, ii. 301; seat of the, ii. 301, 310, 370, 400; iii. 326; dispute with Las Casas, etc., ii. 303-7; dissensions, 1696-1702, ii. 661-3.
• Audiencia of Los Reyes, establd. 1543, ii. 241; jurisd. ii. 241.
• Audiencia of Panamá, establd. 1533, ii. 57; jurisd., etc., ii. 57-8, 585; abolished, 1533, ii. 241; reëstabld. ii. 464.
• Audiencia of Santo Domingo, establd. 1526, i. 269; personnel, i. 269-70; jurisd. i. 270.
• Aury, Commodore, capture of Trujillo, 1820, iii. 24-5.
• Ávalos, J. de, exped. of, 1525, i. 571-2.
• Avendaño, Father A. de, mission to the Itzas, 1695, ii. 689-90.
• Avendaño, D. de, president of Guat., 1642-9, ii. 653.
• Aycinena, M., jefe of Guat., 1827, iii. 150-2.
• Aycinena, P., acting president of Guat., 1865, iii. 413.
• Ayora, J. de., exped. of, 1514, i. 396-402; outrages of, i. 399-402; escape, i. 402.
• Ayuntamientos, functions, etc., of, iii. 8-10; votes of on union with Mex., 1821, iii. 53-4.
• Ayza, J. de, gov. of Nic., ii. 608.
• Azmitia, J. A., cabinet minister, 1845, iii. 268-9, 272.
• B
• Bacalar, fort built at, ii. 625.
• Bachicao, H., exped. to Pan., ii. 254-5.
• Bachiller, definition, etc., of word, i. 297.
• Badajoz, Capt. G. de, joins Pedrarias' exped. 1514, i. 390; exped. of, 1515, i. 412-17; defeat, i. 415-17; meeting with Espinosa, i. 420-1.
• Badillo, J. de, exped., etc., of, 1537, ii. 54-7.
• Balboa, V. N. de, character, i. 324, 454-5; early career, i. 324-5; gov. of Antigua, i. 329-30, 338-56; diplomacy, etc., of, i. 338-40; exped. against Careta, i. 354-6; visit to Comagre, i. 347-9; Panciaco's story, i. 347-8; exped. to Dabaiba, 1512, i. 351-2; defeats confederated tribes, i. 353; charges against, i. 356-7; crosses the Isthmus of Darien, i. 358-74; defeats Porque, i. 363-4; discovers the South Sea, etc., 1513, i. 129, 364-73; encounter with Chiapes, i. 369; canoe voyage of, i. 374-5; Tumaco's story, etc., i. 375-7; return to Antigua, i. 378-84; pacifies Teoca, i. 378; cruelty to Poncra, i. 379-80; Pocorosa's statement, i. 381; captures Tubanamá, i. 381-3; sickness at Comagre, i. 383; spoils of exped., i. 384-5; superseded by Pedrarias, 1514, i. 393-4; trial of, i. 395; exped., 1515, i. 406-7; feud with Dávila, i. 432-3, 437; capt.-gen. of Coiba and Pan., i. 435; betrothal, i. 439; reëstablishes Acla, 1516, i. 441; ship-building on the Balsas, 1517, i. 441-5; at the Pearl Islands, i. 445-52; fate of, forecast, i. 447-8; arrest of, i. 452-3; trial, i. 456-7; execution, 1517, i. 457-9.
• Balsas, Rio de las, ship-building on the, 1517, i. 442-5.
• Barahona, Admiral J. de, naval combat off Pan., 1680, ii. 535-7.
• Barbacoas, Morgan at, 1671, ii. 499.
• Barillas, M. L., president of Guat., 1886, iii. 451-2; cabinet, iii. 452.
• Barker, A., exped. to Hond., 1576, ii. 637-8.
• Barranco, ——, bishop of Hond., 1811-19, iii. 631.
• Barrientos, Vicar P. de, mention of, 1576, ii. 374.
• Barriere, P., proceedings of, iii. 45.
• Barrionuevo, Capt. F. de, gov. of Castilla del Oro, ii. 46, 51.
• Barrios, Gen. G., defence of Leon, 1844, iii. 199; at San Miguel, iii. 201; operations of, 1857, iii. 300; pronunciamiento, etc., of, iii. 301; coup d'état, iii. 302; president of Salv., iii. 302; operations, 1863, iii. 304-6; besieged at San Salv., iii. 306; capture and execution, 1865, iii. 307.
• Barrios, J. R., revolution of, 1871, iii. 419-24; president of Guat., 1873-85, iii. 429-49; invasion of Salv., 1876, iii. 402-5; 1885, iii. 409-10; efforts for confed. of Cent. Amer., 1883-5, iii. 442-9; quarrel with Soto, 1883, iii. 467-8; character, iii. 431-2; attempted assassination of, iii. 443-4; death, 1885, iii. 410, 449.
• Barrios y Leal, president of Guat., 1688-95, ii. 659-61; exped. of, 1695, ii. 682-4; death, ii. 685.
• Barroeta, R., vice-president of C. R., 1872, iii. 381-2.
• Barrundia, J. F., imprisonment, etc., of, iii. 18-19; revolutionary measures, iii. 33, 86-7; jefe of Guat., 1824, iii. 146; rule, iii. 146-8; president, 1829, iii. 102; rule, iii. 102-12; negotiations with Carrera, iii. 129-30.
• Baskerville, Sir T., defeat of, 1595, ii. 422.
• Bastidas, R. de, exped., etc., of, 1500-2, i. 114, 183-94; biog., i. 195.
• Battles, Tonalá, 1524, i. 628; Xelahuh, 1524, i. 639-41; Acajutla, 1524, i. 670-3; Tacuxcalco, 1524, i. 673-4; Iztapa, 1524, ii. 216-17; Canales, 1526, ii. 83; Patinamit, 1526, ii. 84; Panamá, 1671, ii. 504-6; Villanueva, 1838, iii. 135-6; Arada, 1850, iii. 279-80; Santa Ana, 1871, iii. 395-6; Apaneca, 1876, iii. 403-4; Pasaquina, 1876, iii. 404; Naranjo, 1876, iii. 462.
• Bay Islands, colony of, establd. 1850, iii. 319.
• Bayano, ——, campaign of, ii. 387-8.
• Bazan, J. de V., gov. of Pan., ii. 479; rule, ii. 479-80.
• Beatriz, Doña, grief of, ii. 311-12; gov. of Guat., 1541, ii. 312-13; death, ii. 317.
• Becerra, F., exped. of, destroyed, 1515, i. 403.
• Behaim, M., map of globe, 1492, i. 93.
• Belen River, Columbus at, 1503, i. 218-19.
• Belen, village, Nicuesa's exped. at, 1510, i. 305-6.
• Belgium, colonization scheme in Guat., iii. 589-90.
• Belize, origin of name, ii. 624; woodcutters in, ii. 624-35; Figueroa's exped. to, ii. 624-8; map, ii. 627; English claims, ii. 629-31; treaties concerning, ii. 632-4; O'Neill's exped. to, 1798, ii. 635; iii. 314; rights of settlers in, iii. 313-14; commerce, etc., of, iii. 317.
• Belly, F., works of, iii. 263.
• Benalcazar, Capt. S. de, joins Pedrarias' exped., 1514, i. 391; conquest of Peru, ii. 15, 26, 38-9.
• Bienvenida, Friar L. de, mission to C. R., 1540, ii. 185.
• Benzoni, G., exped. to C. R., 1545, ii. 192-9; works, etc., of, ii. 232-3.
• Berenger, 'Collection,' ii. 751-2.
• Berlanga, Friar T. de, alleged miracle, etc., of, 1537, ii. 59.
• Bermejo, J., the Contreras revolt, 1550, ii. 274-86; defeat at Pan., ii. 284-6; death, ii. 286.
• Berrospe, G. S. de, president of Guat., 1696-1701, ii. 661-2.
• Betanzos, D. de, convent founded by, 1529, ii. 135-6.
• Betanzos, Father P. A. de, labors of, 1555-70, ii. 432-3.
• Bethlehemites, in Guat., ii. 666-7.
• Biamonte y Navarra, J. B. de, gov. of Pan., ii. 480.
• Birú, Andagoya's exped. to, 1522, i. 502-3.
• Birues, de, exped. of, 1515, i. 407.
• Blanco, M., pronunciamiento of, 1868, iii. 378.
• Blewfields, population, etc., of, 1847, iii. 249.
• Bobadilla, Commissioner F. de, proceedings of, at Española, 1500-2, i. 180-1, 248-9; enslavement of natives, i. 266.
• Bobadilla, Friar F. de, labors of, in Nic., ii. 184-5.
• Bobadilla, J. F., gov. of C. R., 1780, ii. 622.
• Bogran, Gen. L., president of Hond., 1883, iii. 468.
• Bolivar, S., congress at Pan., 1826, iii. 511-12; at Angostura, iii. 513.
• Bonnycastle, R. H., 'Spanish America,' iii. 248.
• Bordone, B., map of, 1528, i. 144.
• Borland, S., U. S. minister, interference of, iii. 255.
• Bosch, L. van der, writings of, ii. 745.
• Botello, L., execution of, 1517, i. 457-9.
• Boucher, G., 'Bibliothèque Universelle,' ii. 760.
• Bourbourg, B. de, 'Histoire des Nations Civilisées du Mexique,' i. 201.
• Bradley, Capt., foray on the Hacha, 1670, ii. 491; captures San Lorenzo, ii. 494-6.
• Brigantine, picture of, i. 189.
• Briones, Capt., exped. to Hond., 1524, i. 525; treachery of, i. 526; Olid's assassination, i. 531-3; execution of, i. 534.
• Briones, J. A. L. de, gov. of Nic., 1744, ii. 607.
• Buccaneering, origin of, ii. 451-3.
• Buccaneers, name, ii. 452; mode of life, ii. 454-6; excesses, etc., of, ii. 489-90.
• Buena Esperanza, founding of, 1535, ii. 157; abandoned, 1536, ii. 161-2.
• Buitrago, P., director of Nic., 1841-3, iii. 238-9.
• Bure, G. F. de, 'Bibliographique Instructive,' ii. 760.
• Burnaby, Sir W., mission to Belize, ii. 630.
• Burney, J., works of, ii. 753.
• Bustamante y Guerra, Gen. J., capt.-gen. of Guat., 1811, iii. 6; biog., iii. 6-7; rule, iii. 6-21.
• C
• Caballon, Licentiate J. de, defeats Gaitan, 1554, ii. 425; exped. of, 1560-2, ii. 425-6.
• Caballos, Puerto de, name, i. 519; L'Olonnois' raid on, ii. 458.
• Cabañas, T., siege of Leon, 1844, iii. 199; at San Miguel, iii. 201; defeat at Quelepa, iii. 202; president of Hond., 1852-5, iii. 321-2; character, etc., iii. 321.
• Cabello, D., gov. of Nic., 1766, ii. 608.
• Cabezas Islands, Drake at, ii. 407-8, 414, 416.
• Cabezas, R., jefe of Guat., 1830, iii. 153; biog., iii. 153-4.
• Cabot, J., voyage of, i. 98-9.
• Cabot, S., voyages of, i. 98-9, 108-9, 143.
• Cabral, P. A., voyage of, 1500, i. 113-14.
• Cabrera, P., surprised by Verdugo, ii. 263.
• Cáceres, Capt., captures Lempiras's stronghold, 1537, ii. 291-2; treachery of, ii. 291-2.
• Cackchiquel, map of, i. 629.
• Cakchiquels, power, etc., of the, i. 621; subjugation, 1524, i. 652-7; revolt of the, 1524-5, i. 681-92; 1526, ii. 79-85; 1534, ii. 130.
• Cacos, party, iii. 26-7; revolutionary movements, iii. 33; policy, iii. 42-3.
• Caibil Balam, Cacique, submission of, 1525, i. 702.
• Caicedo, J. de, mention of, i. 333.
• Calancha, J. L., president of Pan., 1864-5, iii. 533.
• Cáldas, S. A. A. R. de, president of Guat., 1667-70, ii. 658-9.
• Cáldas, President, 'Copia de Carta,' ii. 761-2.
• Calderon, A., bishop of Pan., ii. 475.
• Calimaya, Conde S. de, president of Guat., 1654, ii. 657.
• Calvo, B., gov. of Pan., 1856, iii. 527-8.
• Camachire, Cacique, torture, etc., of, ii. 194-5.
• Cámara y Raya, bishop of Pan., 1614, ii. 477-8.
• Camargo, A. de, exped. of, 1539, i. 151.
• Camargo, M. de, gov. of Nic., ii. 607.
• Cambranes, F., bishop of Guat., ii. 378.
• Campbell, Capt., the Scots' colony, ii. 578-9.
• Campo, R., president of Salv., 1856, iii. 300-2.
• Campoy, F. de P., bishop of Hond., 1841, iii. 631.
• Camus, A. G., works of, ii. 760.
• Can, M. F., embassy of, 1695, ii. 689.
• Cana, sack of, ii. 586.
• Canales, battle of, 1526, ii. 83.
• Cañas, A. J., minister to U. S., 1825, iii. 81.
• Cañas, J., ruler of Salv., 1840, iii. 143.
• Cañas, Gen. J. M., mention of, iii. 345-6; execution of, iii. 376.
• Cancer, Friar L., labors in Vera Paz, etc., ii. 353-5; exped. to Flor., ii. 355-6; martyrdom, 1549, ii. 356; biog., ii. 357.
• Cancuc, revolt at, 1712, ii. 697-704.
• Candia, P. de, conquest of Peru, ii. 11, 13.
• Cano, Friar A., mission of, 1685, ii. 680.
• Capac, M., inca of Peru, ii. 38; revolt of, ii. 39; defeat of, ii. 40.
• Carabajal, D. de, naval combat off Pan., 1680, ii. 535-7.
• Caravel, picture of, i. 187.
• Carbajal, Friar A. de, bishop of Pan., 1605-11, i. 476-7.
• Carbajal, R. de, mission to Pan., ii. 256-7; gov. of Pan., 1779, ii. 584.
• Cárcamo y Rodriguez, bishop of Salv., iii. 632.
• Cárdenas, A., president of Nic., 1883, iii. 485.
• Cárdenas, Father T. de, bishop of Vera Paz, 1565, ii. 374-5.
• Cardona, J. de L., founds Quezaltenango, 1524, i. 638.
• Careta, Cacique, capture, etc., of, 1511, i. 343-6; friendship for Balboa, i. 359, 399; cruel treatment of, i. 399-400.
• Caribs, of Hond., iii. 609-10.
• Carrillo, B., revolt at Leon, 1812, iii. 14.
• Carrillo, Capt. L., Pedrarias' exped., 1514, i. 390; Balboa's exped., 1515, i. 406; death, i. 407.
• Carranza, B., provis. president of C. R., 1870, iii. 379-80.
• Carrasco, Licentiate, bishop-elect of Nic., ii. 434-5.
• Carrascosa, A., mention of, ii. 15.
• Carreño, J. M., intendente of Panamá, 1822, iii. 508-9.
• Carrera, R., insurrection of, 1837, iii. 124-8; biog., iii. 125; negotiations with, iii. 129-30; captures Guat., iii. 131-2; defeat at Villanueva, iii. 135-6; capitulation, iii. 137-8; pronunciamiento of, 1839, iii. 140; defeats Morazan, iii. 141-2; negotiations with Guzman, iii. 203; manifesto of, iii. 207-8; despotism of, iii. 264-7; president of Guat., 1844, iii. 267; plot against, iii. 268; attempted assassination of, iii. 269; revolution against, 1847-8, iii. 271-3; resignation, 1848, iii. 274; return to Guat., 1849, iii. 277-8; commander-in-chief, iii. 278; proscription, iii. 279; operations, 1850, iii. 280; president for life, 1854, iii. 282; rule, iii. 283; campaigns of, 1863, iii. 304-7; death, iii. 283-4.
• Carrillo, B., jefe of Costa Rica, 1835, iii. 181; 1838, iii. 183; rule, iii. 182-4, 215-17.
• Carrillo, Capt. L., defence of Granada, 1550, ii. 277.
• Carrion, Oidor J., mention of, iii. 494.
• Cartagena, Ojeda's defeat at, 1509, i. 298-9; Enciso at, 1510, i. 322-3; Heredia at, 1532, ii. 47-8; Drake at, 1572, ii. 407-9; captured by Drake, 1586, ii. 420; description of, ii. 579-80; captured by filibusters, 1697, ii. 580; bombarded by Vernon, 1740, ii. 591; revolt at, 1810, iii. 493; 1812, iii. 494-5.
• Cartago, description of, ii. 445; Mansvelt's raid on, ii. 461-2; conspiracy at, 1823, iii. 66; revolt at, 1835, iii. 182; 1875, iii. 385.
• Casa de Contratacion de las Indias, origin of, 1493, i. 168; description of, i. 282-3.
• Casas, F. de las, exped. against Olid, 1524, i. 528-34; Olid's assassination, i. 531-3; departure for Mex., i. 533.
• Casas, B. de las, see Las Casas, B. de.
• Casaos, P. de, capt.-gen. of Pan., 1545, ii. 258-9.
• Casaus y Torres, R., archbishop of Guat., iii. 29-30; biog., iii. 30.
• Cascaras, Brigadier F., campaign of, 1827, iii. 92-3.
• Casillas, Friar T., mention of, ii. 345.
• Casillas, Father P., bishop of Chiap., 1550, ii. 373.
• Casorla, J. R., president of Pan., 1878, iii. 543.
• Castañeda, D. de, exped. of, 1548, ii. 186.
• Castañeda, F. de, gov. of Nic., 1531, ii. 166-7; misrule, ii. 167-9; flight, etc., ii. 169.
• Castañeda, Col V., vice-president of Guat., 1886, iii. 451.
• Castañon, C., gov. of Chiap., iii. 38.
• Castellanos, F. de, campaign of, 1530, ii. 111-13.
• Castellanos, J. de, works of, ii. 60-1.
• Castellanos, V., president of Hond., 1862, iii. 324-5.
• Castellon, F., revolt of, 1854-5, iii. 259-61.
• Castile, kingdom of, i. 10.
• Castilla, Dr A. C. de, president of Guat., 1598-1609, ii. 649-51.
• Castilla del Oro, (see also Panamá), name, i. 294-5; Nicuesa's exped. to, 1509-10, i. 294-308; maps of, i. 323; ii. 49.
• Castillo, Friar B. del, adventures, etc., of, ii. 172-5.
• Castillo, M. S. del, president of Salv., iii. 302.
• Castillo, N. del, president of Nic., 1856, iii. 351-2.
• Castro, J. A., mediation of, iii. 219-20; minister-gen. of C. R., 1843, iii. 224.
• Castro, J. M., president of C. R., 1847, iii. 228-30; 1866, iii. 377; resignation, iii. 236.
• Castro, V. de, mission to Peru, ii. 250-1.
• Caxamalca, Pizarro at, ii. 21-38.
• Cebaco, Cacique, dealings with Hurtado, 1516, i. 427.
• Célis, D. G. de, mission to Alvarado, 1835-6, ii. 161-2; complaints against, ii. 163-4.
• Cemaco, Cacique, defeated by Enciso, 1510, i. 326-7; by Pizarro, 1511, i. 344; victory of, i. 352-3.
• Central America, enslavement, etc., of natives in, ii. 232-9; the new laws, 1543, ii. 240-4; historical review of, ii. 733-5; revolution in, 1818-21, iii. 23-41; union with Mex., 1821-2, iii. 42-59; confederation, iii. 60-78; seal of, iii. 71; constitution, iii. 75-7; treaty with Colombia, 1825, iii. 81; with U. S., iii. 81; designs of Fernando VII., iii. 105-6; Spaniards excluded from, iii. 106; republic of, dissolved, 1837-40, iii. 127-44; attempted unification of, 1883-5, iii. 442-9; physical features, etc., iii. 560-5; population, 1883-5, iii. 587-8; colonization in, iii. 588-94; castes, iii. 594-6; diseases, etc., in, iii. 619-20; education in, iii. 621-7; church and clergy, iii. 627-37; administr. of justice, iii. 638-45; military affairs, iii. 645-9; agric., iii. 650-5; mining, iii. 655-60; manufact., iii. 660-2; commerce, iii. 663-7, 675; navigation, iii. 667-8; roads, iii. 669; currency, iii. 669-70, 675-6; mails, iii. 671-2; finances, iii. 677-87; debt, iii. 677-87; railroads, iii. 700-2, 706-8; telegraphs, iii. 708-9.
• Cenú, treasure found at, ii. 48.
• Cerda, C. de la, capitulation, etc., of, iii. 86.
• Cerda, M. A. de la, jefe of Nic., 1825, iii. 173; contest with Argüello, iii. 174; execution, iii. 174.
• Cereceda, A. de, gov. of Hond., ii. 146-7, 155-64; imprisonment, etc., of, 1531, ii. 151-3; counter-revolution of, ii. 154; exped. to Naco, ii. 156-7; dispute with Cueva, ii. 158-9; appeal to Alvarado, ii. 160-1; complaints of, ii. 163.
• Cerna, V., president of Guat., 1865-71, iii. 413-23.
• Cerrato, A. L. de, juez de residencia, ii. 183-4, 308-9; president of the audiencia of the Confines, ii. 308-10; administr., ii. 326-7.
• Cervera, D., president of Pan., 1880-4, iii. 544-9.
• Cesar, F., mention of, ii. 50-1; exped., 1536, ii. 52; 1537-8, ii. 53-5; death, ii. 56.
• Chacon, J. M., president of Guat. constituent congress, 1824, iii. 145.
• Chacujal, Cortés at, 1525, i. 569-70.
• Chagre River, Cueto at, 1510, i. 305.
• Chahúl, capture of, 1530, ii. 112.
• Chalchuapa, assault on, 1885, iii. 410.
• Chamorro, F., suprema delegado, 1844, iii. 189, 194, 196.
• Chamorro, F., director of Nic., 1853, iii. 256; provis. president, 1854, iii. 258; revolt against, iii. 259; death, iii. 259-60.
• Chamorro, P. J., president of Nic., 1875-9, iii. 481-2.
• Chamula, capture of, 1524, ii. 221-5.
• Charles V., the rebellion in Peru, ii. 265.
• Chatfield, Consul, F., mediation of, requested, 1839-40, iii. 186-7; the Mosquito, difficulty, iii. 251; demands on Salv., iii. 297-8; negotiations, etc., of, iii. 318-19.
• Chaves, F. de, death of, ii. 41.
• Chaves, H. de, battle of Xelahuh, 1524, i. 139; exped. to Zacatepec, 1527, ii. 89; capture of Copan, 1530, ii. 113-15.
• Chaves, Capt. J. de, exped. of, 1836, ii. 164-5.
• Chiapas, ancient inhabitants of, ii. 214; conquest of, 1524-6, ii. 215-27; settlement, etc., of, ii. 228-31; church affairs in, ii. 229-30, 328-39, 373-5, 712-13; maps of, ii. 331; iii. 39; the new laws, ii. 332-3, 338; prosperity of, ii. 669; character of population, ii. 669-70; govt, etc., of, ii. 670-1; the Tzendal revolt, 1712-13, ii. 696-705; population, 1813, iii. 36; education, iii. 37; industries, iii. 38; revolution in, iii. 38-41.
• Chiapas, city, coat of arms, ii. 330.
• Chiapas de los Indios, founding of, 1526, iii. 227.
• Chiapas, stronghold, capture of, 1524, ii. 217-20; 1526, ii. 226-7.
• Chiapes, Cacique, encounter with Balboa, 1513, i. 369.
• Chepo, Cacique, execution of, 1515, i. 404.
• Cherino, D. de A., gov. of C. R., etc., 1573, ii. 430; exped. of, 1575, ii. 430-1.
• Chignautecs, defeat of the, 1525, i. 688-9; submission, i. 690.
• Chilapan, Cortés at, 1524, i. 542.
• Chilun, captured by Tzendales, 1712, ii. 698.
• Chinameca, treaty of, 1845, iii. 203-4.
• Chinandega, pacto de, iii. 187-90; convention of, iii. 187-8; capture, etc., of, 1845, iii. 241-2.
• Chiracona, Cacique, torture, etc., of, 1516, i. 429-30.
• Chiriquí, revolt in, 1526, i. 509; province of, organized, 1849, iii. 516-17.
• Chiriquita, captured by freebooters, 1686, ii. 556.
• Chirú, Cacique, capture of, i. 423.
• Choles, attempted conversion of, 1675-88, ii. 679-80.
• Choluteca, affair at, 1844, iii. 194.
• Chroniclers, early, credibility of, discussed, i. 317-20.
• Church, tithes, ii. 139-40; affairs of in Hond., ii. 299-301, 641-2, 712-13; in Chiap. ii. 328-39, 373, 712-13; in Guat., ii. 341-8, 663-9, 710-12, 728-33; in Vera Paz, ii. 353-4, 374-5; in Soconusco, ii. 372; in Nic., ii. 612-17; religious orders suppressed, 1870-4, iii. 425-7; history of the, iii. 627-37.
• Cihuatlan, Cortés in, 1524, i. 542-3.
• Cimarrones, depredations, etc., of, ii. 366-9; Drake's exped., ii. 407-17; Oxenham's exped., ii. 418.
• Ciudad Real, founding, etc., of, 1528, ii. 229-30; a cathedral city, 1538, ii. 329; revolt, etc., at, 1712-13, ii. 705; flood at, 1785, ii. 706; revolution at, iii. 39-40.
• Clayton-Bulwer Treaty, 1850, iii. 252.
• Clergy, expatriation of, 1829, iii. 103-4; immorality of, iii. 472-3; privileges, etc., of, iii. 627-9, 636-7.
• Climate of Cent. Amer., iii. 561-2.
• Coatepeque, Carrera's repulse at, 1863, iii. 304.
• Coats of arms, Chiap., ii. 330; Guat., iii. 147; C. R., iii. 229.
• Coco, affair at, 1885, iii. 410.
• Cocori, Cacique, seizure, etc., of, ii. 194-5, 197.
• Code, organic, iii. 8-10.
• Codro, M., forecasts Balboa's fate, i. 447-8.
• Coiba, reported wealth of, i. 343-5.
• Cole, B., mention of, iii. 328.
• 'Coleccion de Documentos Inéditos,' i. 200.
• Colindres, M., mention of, iii. 339.
• 'Collection of Voyages and Travels,' ii. 746.
• Colmenares, R. E. de, exped. to Veragua, 1510, i. 331; relieves Nicuesa, i. 331-2; exped. to Dabaiba, 1512, i. 351-2; mission to Spain, 1514, i. 388.
• Colombia, insurrection in, 1820, iii. 24-5; treaty with, 1825, iii. 81; C. R. boundary question, iii. 233-5; Pan. annexed to, 1821, iii. 506-8; republic of, organized, 1819, iii. 513; severed, iii. 519.
• Colon, disturbances at, 1885, iii. 551-3; destruction of, iii. 553.
• Colon, D. de, mention of, i. 174-5; gov. of Española, 1509, i. 268; rule, etc., i. 268-9, 273; death, 1526, i. 274.
• Colon, L., suit, etc., of, 1538-40, ii. 64.
• Columbus, B., adelantado, 1494, i. 173; character, i. 175-6.
• Columbus, C., voyages of, i. 86-97, 109-11, 119-20; theory of, i. 92-3; biog., etc., i. 155-7; character, i. 156-7, 171-2, 181, 232-8; agreement with the crown, i. 157-8; exped. of, 1492-3, i. 158-64; 1493-5, i. 168-76; 1498-1500, i. 177-82; 1502-4, i. 202-31; charges against, i. 176; arrest, etc., of, i. 181-2; enslavement of natives, i. 253-5, 262, 265-6; death, 1506, i. 231.
• Columbus, F., biog., i. 203-4; 'La Historia,' i. 204.
• Colunje, J., president of Pan., 1865-6, iii. 533-4.
• Comagre, Cacique, Balboa's visit to, 1512, i. 347-9.
• Comayagua, founding of, 1539, ii. 293-4; capture of, 1827, iii. 162; description of, iii. 570-1.
• Commerce, of Guat., ii. 383-4; of Pan., ii. 390-3, 587, 594; Asiatic, ii. 391-2; of Nic., ii. 438; contraband, ii. 473-4; of Cent. Amer., iii. 663-7.
• Compañon, F., mention of, ii. 442-5; at the Pearl Islands, 1517, i. 452, 467; gov. of Natá, i. 508-9; dispute with Córdoba, i. 586.
• 'Compendium of Authentic and Entertaining Voyages,' ii. 750.
• Concepcion, founding, etc., of, ii. 67, 70.
• Concepcion, convent, founded at Granada, 1528, ii. 184.
• Concepcion, R. de la, conspiracy of, iii. 18.
• 'Confederacion Centro Americana,' established 1844, iii. 188-9.
• Congress, Central American, installed, 1823, iii. 67-8; measures, iii. 68-78; parties, iii. 69-70.
• Congress, federal, measures, iii. 79-85, 118-19; dissolved, iii. 88; reassembled, iii. 102; last session, 1838, iii. 134.
• Contreras, H. de, revolt of, 1550, ii. 274-88; death of, ii. 287-8.
• Contreras, Brigadier J. T. de, defection of, 1821, iii. 46; revolution against, iii. 46.
• Contreras, P. de, revolt of, 1550, ii. 274-88.
• Contreras, R. de, gov. of Nic., ii. 169-71; exped. to El Desaguadero, ii. 170-1, 175-6; arrest, etc., of, ii. 177; residencia of, ii. 178-9, 183-4; charges against, ii. 180-2; dispute, etc., with Gutierrez, ii. 190.
• Copan, capture of, ii. 113-15.
• Córdoba, F. H. de, voyage of, 1517, i. 132; exped. to Nic., 1524, i. 512-14.
• Córdoba, G. F. de, bishop of Nic., 1535, ii. 435; of Guat., 1574, ii. 378-80.
• Córdoba, H. de, defection of, i. 578-80, 584; Pedrarias' exped. against, i. 587-9; execution of, 1526, 589.
• Cornejo, J. M., intrigues of, iii. 115-16; rebellion, 1832, iii. 116; defeat of, iii. 117-18; jefe of Salv., 1829-32, iii. 167.
• Coronado, A. de, gov. of Pan., 1604, ii. 464.
• Coronado, F. V. de, exped. of, 1540, i. 152.
• Coronado, J. V., exped. of, ii. 427-30; gov. of C. R., 1565, ii. 430.
• Corpus, affair at, 1844, iii. 310.
• Corral, D. del, mission to Nicuesa, 1510, i. 331-3; intrigues, etc., of, i. 341; gov. of Antigua, 1522, i. 476.
• Corral, Gen., negotiations of, 1855, iii. 260; capitulation with Walker, 1855, iii. 335; execution of, iii. 337-8.
• Corregidor, jurisd., etc., of, i. 297.
• Corregimientos, suppression of, 1660-1790, ii. 715-16.
• Correoso, B., president of Pan., 1868-72, iii. 537-8; 1878, iii. 543; works of, iii. 559.
• Cortereal, G., voyage of, 1500, i. 114; 1501, i. 117.
• Córtes, decree of, iii. 5; memorial to, iii. 7; proceedings, iii. 30-1.
• Cortés, H., exped. of, 1519, i. 133-4; popularity, etc., of, i. 522-3; Olid's exped., i. 524-8; exped. to Hond., 1524-6, i. 537-81; rumored death of, i. 544; machinations against, i. 572-5, 580-1; return to Mex., i. 582; Alvarado's exped., 1523-4, i. 627; Pizarro's, ii. 12, 14, 40.
• Cortés, Archbishop, administr. of, 1778-9, ii. 726.
• Cortés y Larraz, Dr P., archbishop of Guat., 1768, ii. 730-2.
• Corzo, Pilot, explorations of, ii. 246.
• Cosa, J. de la, map of, i. 115-16; friendship for Ojeda, i. 294; death of, 1509, i. 299.
• Cosigüina, volcano, eruption of, 1835, iii. 176-7.
• Cosío y Campa, T. J. de, president of Guat., 1712-16, ii. 703-6; the Tzendal campaign, 1712-13, ii. 704-5.
• Costa Rica, Gutierrez exped. to, 1540-5, ii. 187-99; maps of, ii. 188; iii. 184, 234; Franciscans in, 1555-90, ii. 432-3; secession, 1821, iii. 49; union with Mex., iii. 66; assembly, iii. 178-9, 217-18, 224-5, 228, 374, 378-86; Nicoya incorporated with, 1825, iii. 179; location of capital, iii. 181; a state, iii. 183-4; secession, 1848, iii. 208-9; Morazan's invasion, 1842, iii. 216-17; Alfaro's revolt, iii. 219-22; constitution, iii. 225, 228, 374, 378, 381; arms of, iii. 229; a republic, iii. 230; treaties, iii. 230; boundary question, iii. 231-6; Walker's exped., 1855, iii. 342-5; 1856-7, iii. 354-61; war with Nic., 1857, iii. 362; Mora's invasion of, iii. 387; independence of, threatened, 1885, iii. 389-90; difficulty with Nic., 1873-5, iii. 478-82; extent, iii. 565-6; polit. divisions, etc., iii. 566; cities, iii. 566-7; population, iii. 587-8; colonization schemes, iii. 593; character of population, iii. 596-7; dwellings, iii. 597; food, etc., iii. 597-8; markets, iii. 598; dress, iii. 598-9; amusements, iii. 599; education, iii. 622; church affairs, iii. 634-5; administr. of justice, iii. 643-4; army, iii. 646; agric., iii. 653-4; mining, iii. 658; revenue, etc., iii. 683-4; debt, iii. 684-5; railroads, iii. 708.
• Council of the Indies, description of the, i. 280-2; decree of the, 1519, ii. 237.
• Coxon, Capt., commander-in-chief of pirates, 1680, ii. 527; defection of, ii. 537-8.
• Creoles, condition, etc., of the, iii. 595-6.
• Crowe, F., 'The Gospel in Cent. Amer.,' iii. 709.
• Cruces, pillage of, 1550, ii. 281; captured by Drake, 1572, ii. 413-14; Morgan at, 1671, ii. 500.
• Cruz, Gen. S., rebellion of, 1867-70, iii. 414-18.
• Cruz, Brigadier V., vice-president of Guat., 1845, iii. 269; revolt of, 1848, iii. 276-7; death, 277.
• Cruz, Col V. M., revolt of, 1872, iii. 428-9.
• Cuba, Columbus at, 1492, i. 162-3; character of inhabitants, i. 165-6.
• Cueva, C. de la, exped. to Hond., 1535, ii. 157-8; dispute with Cereceda, ii. 158-9.
• Cueva, F. de la, lieut.-gov. of Guat., 1541, ii. 312-13; gov., 1542, 319.
• 'Curious Collection of Travels,' ii. 750.
• 'Curious and Entertaining Voyages,' ii. 755.
• Cuzcatlan, Alvarado's occupation of, 1524, i. 675-6.
• D
• Dabaiba, name, i. 351; fabled temple of, i. 351, 406-7; ii. 51; Balboa's exped. to, 1512, i. 351-2; other expeds., 1515, i. 406-7; cacique, ii. 51; sierra of, ii. 52.
• Dalrymple, A., works of, ii. 754.
• Dampier, Capt. W., defection of, ii. 541; march across the Isthmus of Pan., 1681, ii. 544-8; raid on Realejo, 1684, ii. 548; off coast of South Amer., 1684-5, ii. 549-50; 'A New Voyage round the World,' ii. 568-9.
• Dardon, J. P., campaign of, 1529, ii. 107-8.
• Darien, discovered by Bastidas, 1501, i. 190-2; maps of, i. 362, 400, 405; mining in, iii. 659-60.
• Darien River, see Atrato River.
• Dávila, G. G., see Gonzalez, G.
• Dávila, P., see Pedrarias.
• Davis, C. H., 'Report,' iii. 709.
• Davis, Capt. J., raid on Realejo, 1684, ii. 548; off coast of South Amer., 1684-5, ii. 549-50; out-manœuvred off Pan., ii. 551-3; capture of Leon, ii. 554.
• De Brosse, 'Histoire des Navigations,' ii. 754.
• De Bry, T., works of, ii. 741-2.
• Debt of Cent. Amer. states, iii. 677-87.
• De Costa, B. F., 'The Pre-Columbian Discovery,' i. 70.
• Delaporte, M. l'Abbé, works of, ii. 754.
• De Lesseps, F. de, the Panamá canal, iii. 704-6.
• Delgado, J. M., revolt of, 1811, iii. 12-13; party leader, iii. 27; president of congress, iii. 67.
• 'Derrotero de las islas Antillas,' ii. 759.
• Despard, Col, exped. to Mosquitia, 1782, ii. 605-6.
• Diaz, B., joins Pedrarias' exped., 1514, i. 390; Cortés' exped. to Hond., 1525-6, i. 540, 549; ii. 78; Marin's exped. to Chiap., 1524, ii. 215-19, 224.
• Diaz, J. J., president of Pan., 1868, iii. 535-6.
• Diaz, M., imposture, etc., of, 1712, ii. 701.
• Diaz, President P., correspondence with Barrios, 1885, iii. 448-9.
• Diaz, Father P., quarrel with Córdoba, ii. 379-80.
• Diego, Father D., martyrdom of, 1623, ii. 675.
• Diriangen, Cacique, meeting with Gonzalez, 1522, i. 490-1; battle with, i. 491-2.
• 'Documentos para la Historia de México,' i. 201.
• Domas y Valle, J., president of Guat., 1794-1801, ii. 728.
• Dominguez, V., defeat, etc., of, 1832, iii. 114.
• Dominicans, in Española, i. 275; in Cuba, i. 276; in Guat., ii. 135-7, 344-5, 666; in Nic., ii. 168-71, 436-7, 180-2; in Chiap., ii. 339; rivalry with Franciscans, ii. 347-8; provincia establd. by, etc., 1551, ii. 376-7; missionary labors, ii. 672, 680.
• Dovalle, G., exped. to Lacandon, 1559, ii. 363.
• Drake, E. C., works of, ii. 751.
• Drake, Admiral Sir F., early career of, ii. 404-5; attack on Nombre de Dios, 1572, ii. 405-6; on Cartagena, 407-9; captures Cruces, ii. 413-14; captures treasure-train, ii. 415; return to England, ii. 417-18; voyage round the world, 1577-80, ii. 418-19; exped. of, 1585-6, ii. 419-21; 1595, ii. 422; death, 1596, 423.
• Dueñas, F., president of Salv., 1852, iii. 299, 308; 1868-71, iii. 393-6; biog., iii. 392-3; surrender of, iii. 396; exile, iii. 397.
• Dunlop, R. G., 'Travels in Cent. Amer.,' iii. 223.
• Dururua, Cacique, defeats Gutierrez, etc., ii. 68-9.
• E
• Eads' ship railway, iii. 694.
• Earthquakes in Guat., 1575-87, ii. 384-5; 1607-89, ii. 656; 1751, 1757, ii. 719; 1773, ii. 720-3; at Santiago, 1830, ii. 707-8; iii. 154; in Nic., 1835, iii. 175-6; in Salv., 1854, iii. 300; 1873, iii. 399-400; in Cent. Amer. 1575-1885, iii. 563-5.
• Echever y Suvisa, P. A. de, president of Guat., 1724, ii. 709.
• Education, in Pan., iii. 583-4; in C. R., iii. 622; in Nic., 622-4; in Salv., 624; in Hond., 624-5; in Guat., 625-7.
• El Desaguadero, exped. to, ii. 170-1, 175-6.
• El Espinal, affair at, iii. 58.
• El Infierno de Masaya, adventure at, 1537, ii. 172-5; eruption of, 1670, ii. 444.
• El Sauce, affair at, 1855, iii. 330.
• Encinas, D. de, compilations of, i. 286-7.
• Encinasola, P. de, exped. to Veragua, 1535-6, ii. 65-71.
• Enciso, Bachiller M. F. de, Ojeda's exped., i. 297-8; at Cartagena, i. 322-3; defeats Cemaco, i. 326-7; founds Antigua, 1510, i. 327-8; deposed, i. 329-30, 339; works of, i. 339-40; denounces Balboa, i. 357, 386-7; alguacil mayor of Antigua, 1514, i. 390.
• Encomendero, system, description of, i. 262-6.
• England, the Scots' colony, 1695-1700, ii. 570-9; trading factories of, ii. 587; reprisals, ii. 587-8; war with, 1739-44, ii. 588-93; treaties with Spain, 1670-1721, ii. 598-600; 1783, ii. 606; war with Spain, 1769-80, ii. 608-11; claims of, in Belize, ii. 629-31; mediation of, sought, 1839-40, iii. 186-7; claims on Nic., iii. 239-40; protectorate over Mosquitia, iii. 244-51; hostilities with Nic., 1848, iii. 251-2; Clayton-Bulwer treaty, 1850, iii. 252; Zeledon-Wyke treaty, 1860, iii. 252-3; difficulty with Salv., iii. 297-8; relations with Hond., iii. 317; claims on Hond., iii. 317-19; usurpation in Hond., iii. 319-20; treaty with Hond., 1859, iii. 320; difficulty with Guat., 1874, iii. 433-4; MacGregor's exped. to Panamá, 1818-20, iii. 498-501; difficulty with New Gran., 1836, iii. 518.
• Epidemics in Guat., 1558, ii. 360; 1565, ii. 369-70; 1601, 1686, ii. 656.
• Escobar, J. B., president of Guat., 1848, iii. 276-7.
• Espino, Missionary F. de, labors of, 1667-8, ii. 644.
• Española, Columbus at, 1492-3, i. 164-5; 1493-5, i. 169-77; 1498, i. 179; 1502, i. 203-6; character of inhabitants, i. 165-6; natives of, destroyed, i. 276.
• Esparza, sack of, 1680, ii. 541.
• Espínola, Capt., capitulation, etc., of, iii. 86.
• Espinosa, Licentiate G. de, alcalde mayor of Antigua, 1514, i. 390; exped. to the South Sea, 1516-17, i. 418-31; atrocities of, i. 422-3, 429-30; spoils, i. 431; trial of Balboa, 1517, i. 457; promotion of, i. 461; jealousy of Pedrarias, i. 464-5; other expeds., i. 468-9, 472, 504-5; founds Natá, i. 505-6.
• Espíritu Santo, name, i. 642.
• Esquivel, A., president of C. R., 1875, iii. 384-5.
• Esquivel, J. de, cruelty of, i. 260.
• Estachería, Brigadier J., gov. of Nic., 1783-89, ii. 608.
• Estete, M., expeds. of, i. 667-8, 611; ii. 113.
• Estrada, J. M., provis. president of Nic., 1855, iii. 260; negotiations, etc., of, iii. 260-1; appeal to Carrera, iii. 339; death, 1856, iii. 351.
• Estrada, T. D. de, gov. of Nic., 1728, ii. 607.
• Europe, condition of, 1475-1525, i. 1-5.
• Exquemelin, A. O., works of, ii. 567-8.
• F
• Fábrega, F., gov. of Pan., 1855, iii. 526-7.
• Fábrega, J. de, comandante of Pan., 1821, iii. 504, 508-9.
• Fería, P. de, bishop of Chiap., 1575, ii. 373.
• Fernandez, J., exped. to Peru, ii. 126-7.
• Fernandez, Gen. P., president of C. R., 1882-5, iii. 388-90; biog., iii. 388-9; death, iii. 390.
• Fernando VII., manifestoes, etc., of, iii. 20-22; designs on Cent. Amer., iii. 105-6.
• Ferrera, F., president of Hond., 1841, iii. 309; biog., iii. 309.
• Figueredo y Victoria, Dr F. J. de, archbishop of Guat., 1753-65, ii. 728-30; death, ii. 730.
• Figueroa, P. P. de, bishop of Guat., 1736, ii. 711-12; consecration, ii. 711; biog., ii. 711; archbishop, 1745, ii. 712; death, 1751, ii. 712.
• Figueroa y Silva, A. de, exped. to Belize, ii. 624-8.
• Figueroa, Gen. F., acting president of Salv., 1876, iii. 411.
• Filisola, Brigadier V., exped. of, 1822, iii. 56-7; operations against San Salv., iii. 62-4.
• Findlay, A. G., works of, ii. 759.
• Fine, O., map of, 1531, i. 149.
• Fitoria, B. G., gov. of Nic., 1730, ii. 607.
• Flores, C., vice-jefe of Guat., 1824, iii. 146; jefe, iii. 148; administr., iii. 148-9.
• Flores, H. C., bishop of Hond., 1854, iii. 631.
• Flores, J., gov. of C. R., ii. 622.
• Florida, missionary exped. to, 1549, ii. 355-6.
• Fonseca, C., defence of Leon, 1844, iii. 199.
• Fonseca, J. R. de, patriarch of the Indies, i. 168.
• Forster, J. R., works of, ii. 752-3.
• Franciscans, in Española, i. 275; in Guat., 1535, ii. 345-8; rivalry with Dominicans, ii. 347-8; in C. R., 1555-70, ii. 432-3; in Itza, ii. 673-6.
• Francos y Monroy, C., archbishop of Guat., 1779, ii. 726, 732.
• Frederick, G., biog., etc., iii. 245-7.
• Frederick, R. C., mention of, iii. 248.
• Fröbel, J., 'Aus Amerika,' iii. 709.
• Fuensalida, Friar B., mission to Itza, 1618, ii. 673-5.
• Fuentes y Guzman, F. A. de, works, etc., of, ii. 86, 736-7.
• G
• Gainza, Brigadier G., command, etc., of, iii. 25-6; measures, iii. 32-6; capt.-gen., 1821, iii. 44; manifesto of, iii. 54-5; edict, iii. 55.
• Gaitan, J., revolt of, 1554, ii. 424-5; execution, ii. 425.
• Galarza, D., revolt of, 1812, iii. 14.
• Galdo, A., bishop of Hond., 1613-45, ii. 641-2.
• Galeaza, picture of, i. 188.
• Galindo, V. O., president of Pan., iii. 534-5.
• Gallegos, J. R., jefe of C. R., 1833, iii. 181; 1845, iii. 227.
• Galleon, picture of, i. 188.
• Galley, picture of, i. 188.
• Galvano, A., works, etc., of, ii. 738-9.
• Galvez, Don M. de, exped. to Mosquitia, 1782, ii. 604-5; capture of San Fernando de Omoa, 1779, ii. 647; president of Guat., 1778-83, ii. 725-8.
• Galvez, M., Cornejo's revolt, 1831-2, iii. 116-17; deposed, 1838, iii. 128-31; jefe of Guat., 1831, iii. 155-6.
• Gama, A. de la, gov. of Castilla del Oro, ii. 45-6.
• Gamez, P. de, captures Quema, 1516, i. 426.
• Garabito, A., exped. to Cuba, 1516, i. 434, 437; treachery of, i. 449-50.
• Garabito, Cacique, exped. against, ii. 427-8.
• Garay, F. de, expeds. of, i. 134, 140, 625.
• García, L., campaign of, ii. 580-1.
• García, Father W. P. M., 'Sublevacion de los Zendales,' MS., ii. 705-6.
• Garro, P. de, exped. of, 1525, i. 578.
• Gasca, P. de la, character, etc., ii. 265-6; power intrusted to, ii. 266; reception at the Isthmus, 1546, ii. 266-9; negotiations with Mejía, ii. 267; with Hinojosa, ii. 269-70; despatches, etc., of, ii. 270-2; exped. to Peru, ii. 272-3; the Contreras revolt, 1550, ii. 278-83.
• Gazistas, party, iii. 26-7.
• Geography, ancient, i. 70-4.
• Germany, difficulty with Nic., 1876, iii. 256.
• 'Gobierno político de Guatemala,' iii. 28-9.
• Godoy, D. de, exped. to Chiap., 1524, ii. 216, 221.
• Goitia, P., president of Pan., 1863, iii. 532-3.
• Golfo Dulce, name, i. 190; Bastidas at, 1501, i. 190; Pedrarias at, 1522, i. 484-5.
• Gomara, F. L. de, biog., i. 314; works of, 315-16.
• Gomera, Conde de la, president of Guat., 1611-26, ii. 651-2.
• Gomez, C., acting president of Hond., 1876, iii. 463.
• Gomez, E., exped. of, 1525, i. 142.
• Gomez, Licentiate I., mission of, 1848, iii. 296.
• Gonzalez, G., voyage of, 1522, i. 139-40; contador of Española, 1511, i. 267; character of, i. 479; dispute with Pedrarias, i. 481-3; exped. of, 1522-3, i. 483-94; escape to Santo Domingo, i. 516; exped. to Hond., 1524, i. 518; encounter with Soto, i. 519-20; meeting with Olid, i. 527-8; Olid's assassination, i. 531-3.
• Gonzalez, Padre P., mention of, ii. 328.
• Gonzalez, Gen. S., acting president of C. R., 1873, iii. 383; victory at Santa Ana, 1871, iii. 395-6; president of Salv., 1872-5, iii. 396-401; war with Guat., iii. 401-6.
• Goodrich, F. B., 'Man upon the Sea,' ii. 757.
• Gottfriedt, J. L., works of, ii. 742.
• Gracias á Dios, founding of, 1536, ii. 165; audiencia of the Confines at, 1545, ii. 301.
• Gracias á Dios, cape, rounded by Columbus, 1502, i. 211.
• Granada, founding of, 1524, i. 527; the Contreras revolt, 1550, ii. 275-8; description of, ii. 438-41; captured by pirates, 1665, ii. 441; 1686, ii. 557-9; revolt at, 1811, iii. 14; junta at, iii. 48, 170; besieged by Jerez, 1854-5, iii. 259; captured by Walker, 1855, iii. 332; Zavala's assault, 1856, iii. 353-4; recapture of, iii. 356-7.
• Granados, M. G., opposition to Guat. ministry, 1869; iii. 416-17; exile, iii. 419; revolution of, 1871, iii. 419-24; president of Guat. 1871-3, iii. 423-30.
• Granda y Balbin, L. A. de, exped. to Talamanca, ii. 618-19.
• Green, I., works of, ii. 747.
• Greenland, sighted by Gunnbjörn, 876, i. 75-6; named by Eric the Red, i. 76.
• Grijalva, J. de, map of, 1518, i. 132; death, 1526, i. 591; character, i. 591-2.
• Grogniet, Capt., joins Davis' freebooters, 1685, ii. 550; capture of Pueblo Viejo, ii. 556; of Chiriquita, 1686, ii. 556; defeat at Pueblo Nuevo, ii. 557; capture of Granada, ii. 557-9; journey to the North Sea, ii. 563-6.
• Grynævs, 'Novvs Orbis,' i. 148-9.
• Guadalupe, affair at, 1827, iii. 91.
• Gualcince, Salvadoran's surrender at, 1823, iii. 64.
• Guanacaste, disturbance at, 1875, iii. 383-4.
• Guarda Viejo, convention at, 1838, iii. 128-9.
• Guardia, S. de la, gov. of Pan., 1860, iii. 528-30; death, iii. 530.
• Guardia, T., president of C. R., 1870-6, iii. 380-4; 1877-82, iii. 386-8; death, 1882, iii. 388.
• Guardiola, Gen. S., operations, etc., 1845, iii. 200, 202, 205-6; victory of, 1844, iii. 310; honors paid to, iii. 311; pronunciamiento of, iii. 313; president of Hond., iii. 322-3; character, iii. 323; defeat at El Sauce, 1855, iii. 330; at La Vírgen, iii. 331.
• Guatemala, Alvarado's conquest of, 1522-4, i. 617-62; maps of, ii. 91, 320; iii. 191; slavery in, ii. 234-6; the new laws, ii. 323-5; church affairs in, 1541-8, ii. 341-8; 1601-82, ii. 663-9; 1753-1886, ii. 728-33; iii. 630-1; epidemics in, 1558, ii. 360; 1565, ii. 369-70; 1601, 1686, ii. 656; mining, ii. 383; iii. 656-7; commerce, ii. 383-4; earthquakes, etc., in, 1575-87, ii. 384-5; 1607-89, ii. 656; 1830, iii. 154; prosperity of, 1650-1700, ii. 653-4; terr., 1750, ii. 713-14; provinces subject to, ii. 714; army, ii. 727-8; iii. 648-9; society, iii. 1-2; loyalty of, iii. 2-3; capitán general, iii. 20-1; archbishops of, iii. 29-30; union with Mex., iii. 50-1; war with Salv., 1827-9, iii. 90-100; assembly, iii. 101-4, 145-8, 207, 273-6, 281-2, 416-17, 438-41; rebellion in, 1837, iii. 128-9; state govt dissolved, 1838, iii. 134; arms of, iii. 149, 269-70; medal, iii. 151; an independent state, 1839, iii. 160-1; Malespin's invasion of, 1844, iii. 191-3; secession of, 1847-8, ii. 207-8; council convoked, iii. 267; independence recognized, iii. 270; foreign relations, iii. 270-1; revolutions in, 1847-8, iii. 271-3; 1871, iii. 419-24; war with Salv. and Nic., 1850-3, iii. 279-80; with Hond., 1850-6, iii. 279-81; 1871-2, iii. 398-9; 1872-6, iii. 428, 457-62; with Salv., 1876, iii. 401-5; 1885, iii. 409-10; constitution, iii. 281-2, 438-9; Walker's exped., 1856-7, iii. 350-61; revolts in, 1867-70, iii. 414-18; 1872, iii. 428-9; suppression of religious orders, 1871-4, 425-7; difficulty with England, 1874, iii. 433-4; with Spain, 1875, iii. 434; attempted unification of Cent. Amer., 1883-5, iii. 442-9; boundaries, iii. 574; departments, iii. 574; govt, iii. 574-5; population, 1883-5, iii. 588; 1885, iii. 613; colonization in, 589-91; classes, etc., iii. 613-16; dwellings, iii. 616-17; dress, iii. 617-18; amusements, iii. 618; education, iii. 625-7; administr. of justice, iii. 638-40; agric., iii. 650-1; manufact., iii. 661; currency, iii. 670; revenue, etc., iii. 677-80; debt, iii. 678-80; railroads, iii. 706-7.
• Guatemala City (see also Santiago City), description of, 1773, ii. 717-18; 1886, iii. 575-7; earthquakes in, 1751, 1757, ii. 719; 1773, ii. 720-3; site of, removed, ii. 723-6; occupation of, by Salvadorans, iii. 74; captured by Morazan, 1829, iii. 99-100; by Carrera, 1838, iii. 130-2; recaptured by Morazan, iii. 141; outbreak at, 1844, iii. 266; revolt at, 1845, iii. 268; plot at, 1877, iii. 437.
• Guatusos, attempted pacification of the, ii. 613-17.
• Guerra, C., voyage of, 1499, i. 186.
• Guerrero, J., director of Nic., 1847, iii. 244.
• Guill, A., gov. of Pan., 1758, ii. 584.
• Gutierrez, D., exped. to C. R., 1540-5, ii. 189-99.
• Gutierrez, F., exped. to Veragua, 1535-6, ii. 65-73.
• Gutierrez, J., capture, etc., of, ii. 50-1.
• Gutierrez, M. P., quells revolt, 1812, iii. 15.
• Gutierrez, P., the Tzendal campaign, 1712, ii. 701-3.
• Guzman, Gen. A., operations, 1849, iii. 277-8.
• Guzman, A. T. de, exped. to Pan., 1515, i. 403-6; outrages of, i. 404.
• Guzman, F., president of Nic., 1867-71, iii. 369, 470-5.
• Guzman, J. de, proposed exped. of, ii. 256; joins Hinojosa, 1545, ii. 260-1; president of Guat., ii. 652.
• Guzman, J. E., vice-president of Salv., 1844, iii. 195; administr., iii. 201-4; biog., iii. 202.
• Guzman, J. E. de, capt.-gen. of Chiap., 1529, ii. 230-1.
• Guzman, J. J., president of Salv., iii. 287.
• Guzman, Don J. P. de, gov. of Pan., ii. 493; forces, etc., of, 503-5; defeated by Morgan, 1671, ii. 504-6.
• Guzman, N. de, exped. of, 1530-1, i. 145-6.
• Guzman, R., defeat, etc., of, 1832, iii. 113-14.
• H
• Hacha, Rio, Bradley's foray on the, 1670, ii. 491.
• Hacke, Capt. W., 'A Collection of Original Voyages,' ii. 569.
• Hakluyt, R., works, etc., of, ii. 739-41.
• Haro, F. de, battle of Panamá, 1671, ii. 505.
• Harris, J., works of, ii. 744-5.
• Harris, Capt. P., raids off coast of South Amer., 1684-5, ii. 549-50.
• Hayti, see Española.
• Henderson, G., 'British Honduras,' iii. 247.
• Henningsen's operations under Walker, 1856, iii. 355-7.
• Heredia, A., exped. of, ii. 49-50.
• Heredia, A. F. de, gov. of Nic., ii. 607-8.
• Heredia, P. de, province of, ii. 46-7; expeds., ii. 47-8, 52-3.
• Hermosillo, J. G. de, rept of, 1856, ii. 397-8.
• Hernandez, Gen., defeats Pineda, 1855, iii. 332.
• Herrera, A. de, biog., i. 316; works of, 316-17.
• Herrera, D., jefe of Hond., 1824, iii. 161-2; of Nic., 1830, iii. 174-6.
• Herrera, Oidor, juez de residencia, ii. 179; opposition to Contreras, ii. 182.
• Herrera, Col T., defeats Alzuru, 1831, iii. 514; jefe, etc., of Pan., 1840, iii. 515; gov., iii. 516.
• Herrera, V., president of C. R., 1875-7, iii. 385-6.
• Herrera, V. de, gov, of Hond., ii. 144-5; stratagem of, ii. 147; exped., 1531, ii. 149-50; plot against, ii. 150-1; assassination of, ii. 151.
• Herrera, V. de, regent of audiencias, 1778, ii. 715.
• Hinojosa, Friar A. de, bishop of Guat., ii. 380.
• Hinojosa, P. de, conquest of Pan., 1545, ii. 255-61; defeats Verdugo, ii. 263-4; negotiations with Gasca, ii. 269-70; defection of, ii. 271-2.
• Hinostrosa, Capt. D. M. de, arrest, etc., of, ii. 144-5.
• 'Historia de la Marina Real Española,' ii. 757.
• 'Historical Account of the Circumnavigation of the Globe,' ii. 752.
• Hodgson, Col R., mission of, ii. 601-2.
• Holguin, G., exped. to Peru, ii. 125-7.
• Hollins, Commander, bombards San Juan del Norte, 1854, iii. 255.
• Honduras, maps of, i. 518; ii. 148; iii. 110, 205; colonization, etc., in, 1524-5, i. 522-36; Cortés' exped. to, 1524-6, i. 537-81; Alvarado's, 1535-6, ii. 160-5; 1539, ii. 296-9; slavery in, ii. 233-4, 302; roads, ii. 293-4; settlements, 1547, ii. 294, 637-40; mining, ii. 295; church affairs, ii. 299-301, 641-2, 712-13; iii. 361; the new laws, ii. 301-7; piratical raids, 1576-95, ii. 636-9, 645; Gage's description of, 1636, ii. 639-40; annexation to Mex., 1821, iii. 46; revolutions in, 1829-30, iii. 109-11; 1844, iii. 310; assembly, iii. 161-2, 309-10; disturbances in, iii. 162-3; independence declared, 1838, iii. 164; war with Nic., 1844, iii. 194-200; with Salv., iii. 202-6, 393-9, 455-8; union with Salv. and Nic., iii. 209-11; war with Guat., 1850-6, iii. 279-81; 1872-6, iii. 398-9, 428, 457-62; relations with Gt Britain, iii. 317; British claims on, iii. 317-19; British usurpation in, iii. 319-20; treaty with Gt Britain, 1859, iii. 320; Walker's exped., 1856-7, iii. 350-64; boundaries, iii. 570; departments, etc., iii. 570; cities, iii. 570-1; population, 1883, iii. 588; immigration, iii. 591; races, iii. 608-10; women of, iii. 610-11; dwellings, iii. 611; food, etc., iii. 611-12; dress, iii. 612; amusements, iii. 612; education, iii. 624-5; administr. of justice, iii. 640-1; army, iii. 647; agric., iii. 651-2; mining, iii. 655-6; manufact., iii. 661; currency, iii. 670; revenue, iii. 680; debt, iii. 680-1; railroads, iii. 707.
• Hore, A. de, gov. of Pan., 1815, iii. 497; oppression of, iii. 497-8; recaptures Portobello, 1819, iii. 500-1; death, 1820, iii. 502.
• Huascar, defeat of, 1532, ii. 19; death, ii. 34.
• Huistlan, besieged by Tzendales, 1712, ii. 702.
• Humboldt, A. von, works of, i. 69.
• Hurtado, B., exped. to Dabaiba, 1512, i. 352-3; arrest, etc., of, i. 354-5; atrocities of, i. 401, 417; exploration of, 1516, i. 426-8; exped. to Olancho, 1526, i. 589-91; death, i. 591.
• Hylacomylus, 'Cosmographiæ Introdvctio,' i. 123.
• I
• Ibañez, Col P., gov. of Nic., 1759, ii. 607.
• Icazbalceta, collection of, i. 201.
• Iguala, plan of, accepted in Hond., iii. 46; in Nic., iii. 47-8.
• Illanes, J. de, proposed exped. of, ii. 256; joins Hinojosa, 1545, ii. 260-1.
• Illustrations, caravel, i. 187; galley, i. 188; galeaza, i. 188; galleon, i. 188; navío, i. 189; brigantine, i. 189.
• Indians, treatment of, i. 253-66; ii. 232-9; of Hond., iii. 608-10; of Guat., iii. 615-16.
• Infante, Father H., mission of, 1646-7, ii. 677-8.
• Inquisition, in Spain, i. 32.
• Interoceanic communication, projects, etc., for, 1534, ii. 246-7; 1539, ii. 293; 1616, ii. 471-2; 1801-87, iii. 688-709.
• Interoceanic road, project for, 1514, i. 396-7; termini, i. 465; completed, 1519, i. 471-2.
• Irving, W., works of, i. 69, 200, 239-43.
• Isabela, founding of, 1493, i. 169.
• Isla de Pinos, visited by Columbus, 1502, i. 207-10; Drake at, 1572, ii. 405-7.
• Isla Rica, named by Balboa, 1513, i. 377; cacique of, 408-10.
• Iturbide, A., designs of, iii. 51; instructions to Filisola, iii. 62; downfall of, iii. 65.
• Itzas, attempted conversion of the, ii. 673-6; attempted subjugation, ii. 682-95.
• Itzcuintlan, Alvarado's conquest of, 1524, i. 663-5.
• Izaguirre, B. de, bishop of Pan., 1655, ii. 479.
• Izalco, Indian outbreak at, 1875, iii. 400.
• Izancanac, Cortés at, 1524, i. 557.
• Irazu, Volcano, eruption of, 1723, ii. 620.
• Iztapa, Guat., ship-building at, 1539, ii. 205.
• Iztapa, Chiap., battle at, 1524, ii. 216.
• Iztapan, Cortés at, 1524, i. 543.
• J
• Jocote, convention of, 1842, iii. 216-17.
• Jalisco, insurrection in, 1541. ii. 206-7.
• Jamaica, coasted by Columbus, 1494, i. 171.
• Jaraguá, Bastidas shipwrecked at, 1501, i. 192.
• Jerez, M., pronunciamiento of, 1869, iii. 472.
• Jerez, Bishop N. G., revolt at Leon, 1812, iii. 14.
• Jeronimites, mission of the, 1515-18, i. 277-80.
• Jesuits, in Nic., 1616-21, ii. 442-3; in Talamanca, 1684, ii. 447; expulsion of the, 1767, ii. 730-1; 1871, iii. 425-6; 1881, iii. 476, 484-5; 1884, iii. 389; revolts caused by, 1881, iii. 476, 484-5.
• Jews, mediæval brutality toward, i. 27-9.
• Jimenez, J., president of C. R., 1863, iii. 377; 1868, iii. 378-9; arrest, etc., of, 379-80.
• Jocoro, convention of, 1845, iii. 203.
• Juan de Dios, order of, in Pan., ii. 477-8.
• Juarros, D., works of, ii. 142, 737.
• Junta, suprema central gubernativa, iii. 4; suprema de censura, iii. 26; consultiva, iii. 35-6, 42-5, 50, 52, 57.
• Justice, administr., etc., of, in Cent. Amer., iii. 638-45.
• Jutiapa, Malespin's forces at, 1844, iii. 191-2.
• K
• Kunstmann, 'Munich Atlas,' i. 69-70.
• Kerr, R., works of, ii. 756.
• Kinney, J. L., exped of, iii. 327-8.
• Kohl, J. G., works of, i. 69.
• L
• La Antigua, revolt in, 1828, iii. 96; assembly installed at, 1824, iii. 145; affair at, iii. 420.
• La Concepcion, convent, establd. in Guat., 1546-8, ii. 343-4.
• La Gloria, S. G. de, imposture, etc., of, 1712, ii. 699-700.
• La Harpe, works of, ii. 748-9.
• La Navidad, fortress of, built, 1492, i. 164; abandoned, 169.
• La Union, blockade of, 1849, iii. 297-8.
• La Vírgen, affair at, 1855, iii. 331.
• Lacandones, depredations, etc., of, ii. 361-2; exped. against, 1559, ii. 362-6; independence, etc., of, iii. 615-16.
• Ladinos, condition, etc., of the, iii. 594.
• Lafond, G., works of, ii. 755.
• Lagares, P. de, labors of, in Tologalpa, ii. 450.
• Lamilla, Father A. de, bishop of Guat., ii. 378.
• Landa, Capt., cruelty of, ii. 282; execution of, 1550, 287.
• Landecho, J. M. de, gov., etc., of Guat., ii. 366-9.
• Lara, Friar D. de, bishop of Chiap., 1574, ii. 373.
• Lara, J. C. de, gov. of Nic., ii. 607.
• Lara, Father S. de, priest of Cancuc, 1712, ii. 697.
• Lara y Mogrobejo, A. de, president of Guat., 1649-54, ii. 653.
• Lardner, D., 'Cabinet Cyclopædia,' iii. 709.
• Las Casas, B. de, character of, i. 274-5; labors in Cuba, i. 276; protector of the Indians, i. 277; efforts in Spain, i. 279-84; works of, i. 309-10; dispute with Quevedo, i. 462-3; mission to Peru, etc., ii. 136-7; arrival in Nic., etc., 1532, ii. 169; opposition to Contreras, ii. 170-1; the new laws, ii. 239-40; dispute with the audiencia of the Confines, 1545, ii. 303-7; bishop of Chiap., 1543, ii. 330-1; administr., ii. 332-5; retirement, etc., ii. 335-6; works of, ii. 336; pacification of Vera Paz, ii. 348-54; death, 337; character, 337-8.
• Las Charcas, federal defeat at, 1829, iii. 97.
• Lawrie, Col, supt. of Mosquitia, ii. 603-4.
• Leiva, P., provis. president of Hond., 1873-6, iii. 460-2.
• Lempira, Cacique, valor of, ii. 290-1; stronghold of, captured, 1537, ii. 291-2; death, ii. 291-2.
• Leon, founding of, 1527, i. 513; butchery of natives at, 1528, i. 610; convent founded at, 1532, ii. 168-9; the Contreras revolt, 1550, ii. 275-6; Gaitan's defeat at, 1554, ii. 425; new city of, ii. 439-40; captured by freebooters, 1685, ii. 553-5; cathedral of, 1743, ii. 613; revolts, etc., at, 1811-12, iii. 14-16; junta gubernativa at, 1823, iii. 170-1; sack of, 1824, iii. 171; siege of, 1824-5, iii. 171-2; 1844, iii. 197-200; revolts at, 1845, iii. 241; 1853-4, iii. 258-9; 1869, iii. 471-3; 1881, iii. 484-5; seat of govt at, 1847, iii. 244; description of, iii. 568-9.
• Lepe, D. de, voyage of, 1499, i. 113, 186.
• Lévy, P., 'Notas,' iii. 255.
• Liaño, Pilot, exped. to Veragua, 1535-6, ii. 66.
• Liberals, Guat., party, iii. 69-70; attitude of, iii. 85-7; operations of, 1826-7, iii. 148-50; prosecution of, iii. 151; division among, iii. 275.
• Lindo, J., jefe of Salv., 1841, iii. 286; coup d'état, iii. 286; president of Hond., 1847-51, iii. 311-21.
• Literature, of C. R., iii. 622; of Nic., iii. 623; of Salv., iii. 624; of Guat., iii. 627.
• Llamas y Rivas, Dr F. J. de, gov. of Pan., ii. 583.
• Llano, Capt. A. del, deputy to córtes, iii. 5.
• Llano, Col M. del, deputy to córtes, iii. 5.
• Loarca, A. L. de, storming of Mixco, 1525, i. 690-2.
• L'Olonnois, F., character, etc., of, ii. 456-7; atrocities, 457-8; expeds., ii. 458-60; death, 460.
• Lopez, Father T., explorations, etc., of, 1778, 1782, ii. 614-16.
• Lorca y Villena Vivas, M. V. de, gov. of Nic., 1757, ii. 607.
• Lorenzana, Marqués de, president of Guat., ii. 652-3.
• Los Altos, state organized, 1838, iii. 156-7; assembly, iii. 157; maps of, iii. 157, 275; incorporated with Guat., 1840, iii. 158.
• Los Santos, surprised by freebooters, 1686, ii. 561; revolution at, iii. 505-7.
• Loyola, P. de, gov. of Nic., ii. 607.
• Luque, Padre, Pizarro's conquest, ii. 3, 8, 12, 14, 36.
• M
• M'Donald, A., usurpation of, in Yuc., iii. 315.
• Macdonald, regent of Mosquitia, iii. 248; arrest of Quijano, 1841, iii. 249-51.
• MacGregor, G., exped. of, 1818-19, iii. 498-501.
• McClure, R. Le M., discoveries of, iii. 689-91.
• Madriz, Licentiate, disturbances incited by, 1699-1701, ii. 662.
• Magellan, F. de, voyage of, 1519, i. 134-6.
• Mail service, of Cent. Amer., iii. 671-2.
• Maiollo, map of, i. 136.
• Major, R. H., 'Life of Prince Henry of Portugal,' i. 70.
• Malacatan, capture of, 1525, i. 697-9.
• Maldonado, A., alcalde mayor of Española, i. 250.
• Maldonado, A., compilation of, i. 286.
• Maldonado, A. de, visitador, 1535, ii. 131; juez de residencia, ii. 132; president of the audiencia of the Confines, ii. 301; dispute with Las Casas, 1545, ii. 304-7; residencia of, ii. 308-9; provis. gov. of Guat., 1542, ii. 323; exped. to Talamanca, 1660, ii. 446.
• Malespin, president of Salv., iii. 190; defence of Salv., 1844, iii. 190-1; invasion of Guat., iii. 191-3; of Nic., iii. 194-5; capture of Leon, iii. 197-200; dispute with Guzman, iii. 202-3.
• Malespin, Col F., revolution of, 1842, iii. 289; president of Salv., iii. 290; defeat of, iii. 293-4; death of, iii. 294.
• Malinche, see Cortés, H.
• Mames, Alvarado's conquest of the, 1525, i. 695-702.
• Managua, revolt at, 1833-4, iii. 175-6; 1845, iii. 240-1; seat of govt at, 1845, iii. 241; cholera at, 1855, iii. 330; description of, iii. 568.
• Manches, Christianization, etc., of, ii. 672-3.
• Mañosca y Murillo, J. de, president of Guat., 1670, ii. 659; bishop of Guat., 1668-75, ii. 668.
• Mansvelt, buccaneer, raids, etc., of, ii. 460-3.
• Manufactures, of Cent. Amer., iii. 660-2.
• Maps, the world, i. 73; Zeno's chart, 1390, i. 82; Behaim's globe, 1492, i. 93; Cosa's map, 1500, i. 115; Ruysch's, 1508, i. 126; Peter Martyr's, 1511, i. 127; Ptolemy's, 1513, i. 130; in Munich Atlas, 1518, i. 133; Schöner's globe, 1520, i. 137; Bordone's, 1528, i. 144; Ribero's, 1529, i. 146; the New World, 1530, i. 147; Ruscelli's, 1544, i. 148; Fine's, 1531, i. 149; Castillo's, 1541, i. 153; manuscript, 1532-40, i. 154; Castilla del Oro, i. 323; ii. 49; Darien, i. 362, 400, 405, 416, 427; Nic., i. 513; ii. 175; iii. 258; Hond., i. 518; ii. 148; iii. 110, 205, 198; Quiché and Cackchiquel, i. 629; Peru, ii. 9; Alvarado's march, ii. 82; Guat., ii. 91, 320; iii. 191; C. R., ii. 188; iii. 184, 234; Chiap., ii. 331; iii. 39; Lacandon war, ii. 363; Mosquitia, ii. 603; iii. 246; Belize, ii. 627; defeat of Padilla, iii. 58; Los Altos, iii. 157, 275; Salv., iii. 191, 205; Walker's exped., iii. 343; interoceanic communication, iii. 692.
• Maracaibo, plundered by Morgan, ii. 490-1.
• Marchena, Treasurer R. de, mention of, ii. 280-1.
• Marin, E., acting jefe of Salv., 1842, iii. 286-7.
• Marin, Gen. E., execution of, 1877, iii. 464.
• Marin, Capt. L., character of, ii. 215; exped. to Chiap., 1524, 215-25.
• Marquez, D., contador at Antigua, 1514, i. 390.
• Marquez, G., acting jefe of Guat., 1830, iii. 154-5.
• Marroquin, F., biog., etc., ii. 134; bishop of Guat., 1533, ii. 135; administr., ii. 135-40; Alvarado's executor, etc., ii. 207-9; dispute with Las Casas, ii. 303-6, 343; gov. of Guat., 1542, ii. 319; Indian policy, ii. 325-6; poverty of, ii. 342-3; convent, etc., founded by, ii. 343-4; death of, 1563, ii. 375.
• Martin, A., first Spaniard to sail on South Sea, 1513, i. 369-70.
• Martinez, B., bishop of Pan., 1583, ii. 475.
• Martinez, Friar C., bishop of Pan., 1625, i. 478.
• Martinez, J. A., president of Guat., 1848, iii. 274.
• Martinez, Gen. T., operations of, 1855, iii. 261; 1856-7, iii. 352, 356, 360; member of junta, 1857, iii. 365; president of Nic., 1857-67, iii. 365-9; biog., iii. 366; death, iii. 370.
• Martyr, P., map of, 1511, i. 127-8; biog., i. 312; works of, i. 312-14.
• Marure, M. A., works of, iii. 17-18; imprisonment of, iii. 19-20.
• Masaya, revolt at, 1812, iii. 15; Walker's attack on, 1856, iii. 353; destruction of, 1856, iii. 355-6.
• Mata, Brigadier J. A. de la, gov. of Pan., 1805, iii. 489.
• Matagalpa, insurrection in, 1881, iii. 484.
• Mayorga, M. de, president of Guat., 1773-8, ii. 717-25.
• Mazariegos, D. de, conquest of Chiap., 1526, ii. 226-7; meeting with Puertocarrero, ii. 227-8; administr. of, ii. 229-30; residencia of, ii. 230.
• Mazariegos, M. R., exped. of, 1695, ii. 682-5.
• Mazatecs, submission of the, 1524, i. 557-8.
• Mazatenango, capture of, 1525, i. 696-7.
• Medina, Alcalde, in charge at Trujillo, 1525, i. 535.
• Medina, F. de, mention of, ii. 220-1.
• Medina, J. M., president of Hond., 1836-72, iii. 453-8; revolt of, iii. 461-3; execution, 1878, iii. 464; biog., iii. 464-5.
• Medrano y Solórzano, E., exped. of, 1699, ii. 695.
• Mejía, G., prosecution of Alvarado, ii. 100.
• Mejía, H., surprised by Verdugo, ii. 263; defection, etc., of, 1546, ii. 267-8, 271.
• Mejicanos, Arce's defeat at, 1823, iii. 64; surrender of, iii. 95.
• Melendez, Gov. P., defence of Portobello, 1602, ii. 467.
• 'Memorias,' iii. 107.
• Mencos, M., exped. of, 1699, ii. 694-5.
• Mencos, M. C. de, president of Guat., 1657-67, ii. 657-8.
• Mendavia, Dean P. de, disturbance caused by, ii. 177-8.
• Mendez, D., in Verag., 1503, i. 222-4; plot of, ii. 150-3; execution of, ii. 154.
• Menendez, Gen. F., revolution of, 1885, iii. 411.
• Mendez, H., procurator to Spain, etc., 1545, ii. 323-4.
• Mendez, M., murder of, 1872, iii. 399.
• Mendinueta y Muzquiz, P. de, viceroy of New Granada, 1801, iii. 489.
• Mendoza, H. de, exped. of, 1532, i. 148.
• Meneses, Capt., joins Pedrarias' exped., 1514, i. 390; garrison of, besieged, i. 402, 404.
• Mercado, J. N. de, assassination of Olid, i. 531-3.
• Mercado, Friar M. de, bishop of Pan., 1578, ii. 475.
• Merced, order of, establd. in Guat., 1537, ii. 140-1; convent founded at Ciudad Real, ii. 328-9.
• Merlo, R. de, exped. of, 1525, i. 577.
• Mestizos, characteristics of the, iii. 594-5.
• Mexico, union of Cent. Amer. with, 1821-2, iii. 42-59; war with Salv., 1822-3, iii. 62-4.
• Mexico City, machinations against Cortés, i. 572-5, 580-1.
• Meyner, C., gov. of Pan., 1812, iii. 495.
• Milla, J. J., vice-jefe of Hond., 1824, iii. 161; defeats Herrera, iii. 162.
• Millen, F. F., colonization scheme of, 1883, iii. 590-1.
• Mining, in Hond., ii. 295; in Guat., ii. 383; in Pan., ii. 395-6, 585-6; in Cent. Amer., iii. 655-60.
• Miro, G., president of Pan., 1873, iii. 541.
• Mitla, insurrection in, 1837, iii. 124-5.
• Mixco, capture of, 1525, i. 686-92; federal victory at, 1829, iii. 97.
• Moderados, Guat., party organized, 1848, iii. 275.
• Molina, Col M. A., jefe of Los Altos, 1838, iii. 157-9; execution of, 1842, iii. 218.
• Molina, P., 'El Editor Constitucional,' iii. 27-8; biog., iii. 27-8; revolutionary movements, iii. 33; envoy to Bogotá, 1825, iii. 81; jefe of Guat., iii. 104; downfall of, iii. 105.
• Mollinedo y Saravia, G., capt.-gen., 1801, iii. 3; rule, iii. 3-6; death, iii. 6.
• Monasteries, suppression of, 1829, iii. 104.
• Monasterio, Capt. J. de, operations, etc., of, 1603-9, ii. 650-1.
• Montaiglon, M. de, works of, i. 54.
• Montalboddo, 'Paesi Nouamente retrouati,' i. 123.
• Montalvo, F., viceroy of New Granada, 1813, iii. 495.
• Montealegre, J. M., president of Costa Rica, 1859-63, iii. 373-7.
• Montejo, F. de, gov. of Hond., 1537-9, ii. 289-99; negotiations with Alvarado, 296-9.
• Monterroso, F. de H., acting gov. of Pan., 1708, ii. 583.
• Montes, F., arrest, etc., of, 1810, iii. 493.
• Montes, J. F., president of Hond., 1863, iii. 324-5.
• Montfraisier, Du P. de, 'Histoire Universelle,' ii. 748.
• Montiano, M. de, gov. of Pan., 1749-55, ii. 584.
• Montúfar, Col M., surrender of, iii. 95.
• Mora, F., invasion of C. R., iii. 387.
• Mora, J., jefe of C. R., 1822-33, iii. 179-81; biog., iii. 180.
• Mora, J. F., president of C. R., 1849-53, iii. 236-7.
• Mora, Gen. J. J., operations of, 1856, iii. 358.
• Mora, J. R., president of C. R., 1859, iii. 372; revolt against, iii. 372-3; exile, iii. 373; revolt of, iii. 374-5; execution, 1860, iii. 375-6.
• Morales, Capt. G. de, joins Pedrarias' exped., 1514, i. 390; exped. to the Pearl Islands, 1515, i. 408-11; atrocities of, i. 411.
• Morales, M. R., director of Nic., 1847, iii. 243.
• Morazan, Gen., victory at Gualcho, 1828, iii. 95; campaign in Guat., 1828-9, iii. 96-100; harsh measures of, iii. 100-3; operations in Hond., iii. 111; president, 1830, iii. 112; rule, iii. 112-42; departure, 1840, iii. 142-3; invasion of C. R., 1842, iii. 216-17; measures, iii. 217-18; provis. jefe, iii. 218; capture of, iii. 219-20; execution, iii. 221-2.
• Moreno, Fiscal P., exped. to Hond., 1525, i. 535-6.
• Morgan, H., early career of, ii. 482-3; plunders Puerto Príncipe, ii. 483; captures Portobello, 1668, ii. 483-9; atrocities of, ii. 484-7, 510-12; encounters gov. of Pan., ii. 488-9; forces, etc., of, ii. 491-2; captures Santa Catarina, ii. 493; lands at Chagre, ii. 496-7; march across the Isthmus, ii. 497-502; captures Panamá, 1671, ii. 504-7; plot against, ii. 512; return to San Lorenzo, ii. 512-13; division of spoils, ii. 514; knighted, etc., ii. 515; imprisonment of, ii. 515.
• Morillo, Mariscal P., exped. of, 1815, iii. 496.
• Moscoso, L., exped. of, 1530, ii. 121.
• Mosquitia, description of, ii. 595-8, 600-1; buccaneers in, ii. 598; British rights in, ii. 598-9; British aggression in, ii. 601-2; maps of, ii. 603; iii. 246; Galvez' exped. to, 1782, ii. 604-5; Despard's exped. to, 1782, ii. 605-6; British protectorate over, iii. 244-52; kings of, iii. 245-8; attempts at colonization, iii. 248-9.
• Motolinia, Fray T. de, labors in Nic., 1528, ii. 184; in Guat., ii. 345-7.
• Mourgeon, Mariscal J. de la C., capt.-gen. of New Granada, 1821, iii. 503; exped. of, iii. 504.
• Moya, R., jefe of C. R., 1844, iii. 227.
• Muñoz, F., execution of, 1517, i. 457-9.
• Muñoz, J. B., 'Historia del Nuevo Mondo,' i. 197-8.
• Muñoz, Gen. J. T., siege of Leon, 1844, iii. 197; promotion of, iii. 240; operations, etc., of, 1845, iii. 241-3; revolt of, 1851, iii. 256; negotiations, iii. 260; death, 1855, iii. 330.
• Murillo, Lieut-col A., victory at Tecuaname, 1855, iii. 261.
• N
• Nacaome, diet of, 1848, iii. 208.
• Naco Valley, exped. to, ii. 145, 147, 156-7.
• Nancintlan, burning of, 1524, i. 668.
• Napoleon I., usurpation of, iii. 2.
• Naranjo, battle of, 1876, iii. 462.
• Narragansett Bay, settlement founded at, 1000, i. 76.
• Narvaez y la Torre, Brigadier A., gov. of Pan., 1801, iii. 489.
• Natá, surprised by Espinosa, 1516, i. 423; settlement founded at, i. 505-9.
• Natá, Cacique, capture of, 1515, i. 414; surrender of, 1516, i. 423-4; exped. against, i. 424-5; revolt of, 1517, i. 431.
• Nava, J. de, gov. of C. R., 1773, ii. 622.
• Navarrete, M. F. de, works of, i. 69, 198-200; biog., 198.
• Navas y Quevada, A. de las, bishop of Nic., 1667, ii. 443-4.
• Navigation, internal, iii. 667-8.
• Navío, picture of, i. 189.
• Nebah, capture of, 1530, ii. 111-12.
• Negroes, importation of, ii. 386-7; regulations concerning, ii. 389-90.
• Neira, G., president of Pan., 1872-3, iii. 538-41.
• Nelson, H., exped. to Nic., 1780, ii. 609-11.
• 'New Collection of Voyages,' ii. 750.
• Newfoundland, Leif lands at, 1000, i. 76.
• New Granada, rebellion in, 1810-13, iii. 493-6; state of, organized, 1831, iii. 513; revolution in, 1840, iii. 515-16; difficulty with England, 1836, iii. 518; with U. S., 1855, iii. 519; 1856-7, iii. 520-2; mining in, iii. 659-60; treaty with U. S., 1846, iii. 700-1.
• New laws, publication of the, 1543, ii. 240; provisions, ii. 240-1; opposition to the, ii. 242-3, 301-2, 323; repealed, 1545, ii. 325; opposition to, ii. 334-5, 338.
• New St Andrew, founding of, 1698, ii. 576.
• Newspapers, iii. 27-8, 273, 288, 290, 559, 584, 622, 627.
• 'New Universal Collection,' ii. 750.
• 'New Voyages and Travels,' ii. 751.
• Nicaragua, Dávila's exped. to, 1522-3, i. 483-94; maps of, i. 513; ii. 175; iii. 258; church affairs in, ii. 168-9, 443-4, 612-17; iii. 632-3; revolts in, ii. 274-8; iii. 240-2, 259-61; settlements, etc., of, ii. 434, 437-8; Dominicans in, ii. 436-7; commerce of, ii. 438; piratical raids in, 1685-6, ii. 553-62; diputacion provincial in, iii. 47; annexation to Mex., 1821, iii. 47-8; internal strife in, 1833-7, iii. 170-7; juntas gubernativas, iii. 170-2; assembly, iii. 172-3, 243, 257-60, 367, 475-8; earthquake, etc., in, 1835, iii. 176-7; secession, 1838, iii. 178; British mediation requested, 1839-40, iii. 186-7; war with Hond., 1844, iii. 194-200; union with Salv. and Hond., iii. 209-11; C. R. boundary question, iii. 231-3; British claims, iii. 239-40; British aggressions in Mosquitia, iii. 244-51; hostilities with England, 1848, iii. 251-2; Zeledon-Wyke treaty, 1860, iii. 252-3; treaty with Spain, 1850, iii. 253; concordat, iii. 253; foreign relations, iii. 254; difficulty with U. S., 1854, iii. 254-5; with Germany, 1876, iii. 256; declared a republic, 1852-4, iii. 257; war with Guat., 1850-3, iii. 279-80; Walker's campaign in, 1855-6, iii. 328-46; cholera in, 1855, iii. 330; war with C. R., 1857, iii. 362; junta de gobierno in, 1857, iii. 365; revenue, iii. 366-7; constitution, iii. 367; rebellion in, 1869, iii. 471-4; difficulty with C. R., 1873-5, iii. 479-82; jesuitic seditions, iii. 484-5; opposition to Barrios, 1885, iii. 486; boundaries, iii. 567; departments, etc., iii. 567-8; cities, iii. 568-9; population, 1883, iii. 588; colonization in, iii. 591-2; character of population, iii. 599-601; dress, etc., iii. 601-2; dwellings, iii. 602; mode of life, iii. 603; amusements, iii. 603-4; education, iii. 622-4; administr. of justice, iii. 641-3; army, iii. 646-7; agric., iii. 652-3; mining, iii. 657-8; manufact., iii. 661; revenue, etc., iii. 683; debt, iii. 483, 683; railroads, iii. 708.
• Nicaragua, Cacique, Dávila's visit to, 1522, i. 486-9; attacks the Spaniards, iii. 493.
• Nicaragua, isthmus, project for canal, iii. 694-8.
• Nicaragua, Lake, discovery of, 1522, i. 489.
• Nicoya, Cacique, Dávila's meeting with, 1522, i. 485-6.
• Nicoya, province, incorporated with C. R., 1825, iii. 179.
• Nicoya, town, the Contreras revolt, 1550, ii. 277-8.
• Nicuesa, D. de, biog., etc., of, i. 292-4; gov. of Castilla del Oro, i. 294-6; quarrel with Ojeda, i. 296-7; exped. to Veragua, 1509, i. 296-308; relieved by Colmenares, i. 331-2; reception at Antigua, i. 334-5; deposal, i. 335; fate of, i. 335-6.
• 'Niña,' voyage of the, 1492-3, i. 159-64.
• Nindiri, volcano, eruption of, 1775, ii. 608.
• Niño, Pilot A., exped., etc., of, 1522-3, i. 478-93.
• Niño, P. A., voyage of, 1499, i. 186.
• Nito, Cortés' arrival at, 1525, i. 565-7; sickness, etc., at, i. 567-8; site of, abandoned, i. 568, 570.
• Niza, Friar M. de, exped. of, 1539, i. 151-2; rept of, ii. 205.
• Nombre de Dios, name, i. 307; Nicuesa at, i. 307-8; fort of, built, 1510, i. 307-8; departure of garrison, i. 337-8; abandoned, i. 331-3; 412-13; refounded, 1519, i. 471; trade, etc., of, ii. 248-9; Nombre de Dios, Verdugo's invasion of, ii. 263-4; Gasca at, 1546, ii. 267-9; 1550, ii. 282-3; the Contreras revolt, 1550, ii. 278, 281-3; removal of site, etc., ii. 396-9; Drake's attack on, 1572, ii. 405-6; destroyed by Drake, 1595, ii. 422.
• Norí, Cacique, execution of, ii. 55-6.
• North-west passage, discov. of, iii. 689-91.
• 'Notes de Voyage en Centre Amérique,' iii. 676-7.
• 'Nouvelle Bibliothèque des Voyages,' ii. 757.
• Nueva Andalucía, name, i. 294; Ojeda's exped. to, 1509-10, i. 294-301.
• Nueva Jaen, founding of, ii. 186.
• Nueva Segovia, freebooters at, 1687, ii. 563-4.
• Nueva Valladolid, growth, etc., of, 1557-74, ii. 640-1; earthquake in, 1774, ii. 640.
• 'Nuevo Viajero Universal,' ii. 758.
• Nuñez, A., Nicuesa's exped., 1509-10, i. 307-8.
• Nuñez, J., vice-jefe of Nic., 1835, iii. 177.
• Nuñez, Capt. V., capture, etc., of, ii. 257-8.
• Nutibara, Cacique, defeat of, ii. 54.
• O
• Oajaca, city, capture, etc., of, iii. 6.
• Obaldía, J. de, gov. of Pan., 1858, iii. 528.
• Obaldía, Col A., revolt of, 1868, iii. 537-8.
• Occhuc, Tzendales repulsed at, 1712, ii. 703-4.
• Ococingo, massacre at, 1712, ii. 699.
• Ojeda, A. de, voyage of, 1499-1500, i. 111, 186; 1502, i. 118-19; early career, etc., of, i. 292-4; gov. of Nueva Andalucía, i. 294-6; quarrel with Nicuesa, i. 296-7; exped. of, 1509, i. 296-301; death, i. 301.
• Olancho, sedition in, 1829, iii. 109-11; revolt at, 1844, iii. 310.
• Olancho Valley, occupation of, 1526, i. 589-90.
• Olano, L. de, Nicuesa's exped., 1509-10, i. 301-7; ill treatment of, i. 332-3; death, i. 441.
• Olarte, V., see Galindo, V. O.
• Olaziregui, V., gov. of Pan., 1769, ii. 584.
• Olid, C. de, exped. to Hond., 1524, i. 524; character, i. 525; treachery of, i. 526-7; meeting with Gonzalez, i. 527-8; fight with Casas, etc., i. 529-30; assassination, i. 531-3.
• Olmos, P. de, defeat of, ii. 109-10.
• Omoa, bombardment of, 1873, iii. 320.
• O'Neill, Gen., exped. to Belize, 1798, iii. 314.
• Orbita, Friar J. de, mission to Itza, 1618, ii. 673-5.
• Ordoñez, Col C., commandant at Granada, iii. 59; revolt of, 1824, iii. 171-2.
• Orduña, F. de, juez de residencia, 1529, ii. 105-6; exped. of, ii. 110-11; prosecution, etc., of, 1530, ii. 117-18.
• Oreamuno, F. M., jefe of C. R., 1844, iii. 226-7; vice-president, 1853, iii. 237.
• Orosco, Presbyter L. de, assassination of, ii. 709.
• Ortega, J., president of Pan., 1878, iii. 543-4.
• Ortiz, A., exped. of, ii. 148.
• Orueta y Irusta, J. B. de, gov. of Pan., 1709, ii. 583.
• Osorio, D. A., bishop of Nic., 1531, ii. 168-9.
• Ostuncalco, Indian outbreak at, iii. 123.
• Osuña, J. V. de, capture of Copan, 1530, ii. 115.
• Ovalle, Missionary P. de, labors of, ii. 644.
• Ovando, N. de, gov. of Española, 1502, i. 249; instructions to, i. 249-50; exped. of, i. 250; administr. i. 250-2, 256, 259-61, 266-8.
• Oviedo, G. F. de, biog., i. 310; works of, i. 150, 310-12; veedor at Antigua, 1514, i. 390; efforts in Spain, 1515, i. 463-4; 1523, i. 511-12; regidor perpetuo de Antigua, i. 473; rule, i. 474-5; deposed, i. 476; departure, etc., 1528, i. 477; capt.-gen. of Cartagena, i. 593.
• Oxenham, J., exped. to Pan., 1575, ii. 418.
• Oxib Quieh, King, accession of, 1524, i. 645; plot of, i. 646; capture, etc., of, 648.
• Orozco y Berra, 'Cartografía Mexicana,' i. 70.
• P
• Pacheco, Gen., defeat of, 1829, iii. 97.
• Pacific Ocean, see South Sea.
• Paiz, Brigadier G., cabinet-minister, 1845, iii. 268-9.
• Palahunoh Pass, Alvarado's victory at, 1524, i. 634-6.
• Palomar, J. M., in command at Trujillo, 1820, iii. 24.
• Palomino, J. A., exped. to Nic., ii. 262.
• Panaguali, Cacique, execution of, ii. 91.
• Panamá (see also Castilla del Oro), audiencias of, ii. 57-8, 370-1, 585; slavery, etc., in, ii. 232-3; commerce, etc., in, ii. 390-3, 587, 594; iii. 672-5; shipping, ii. 392; pearl fisheries, ii. 394-5, 585; mining, ii. 395-6, 585-6; iii. 659-60; Drake's raids in, 1572, ii. 405-17; Oxenham's exped., 1575, ii. 418; officials of, ii. 471; smuggling in, ii. 473-4; iii. 491-2; church affairs, i. 500-1, ii. 474-80; iii. 635-7; Morgan's raids in, 1668-71, ii. 483-515; Indian raids in, 1745-74, ii. 581-2; incorporated with New Gran., 1718, ii. 584; revenue, iii. 490, 686-7; industrial depression in, iii. 490; population, etc., iii. 490-2, 580-1; viceregal seat at, 1812, iii. 494; Macgregor's invasion of, 1818-19, iii. 498-501; revolution in, 1821, iii. 602-7; 1831, iii. 514; 1840, iii. 514-15; 1868, iii. 536-7; annexed to Colombia, 1821, iii. 506-8; slavery abolished in, iii. 509; subjugation of, iii. 515-16; declared a state, 1855, iii. 525, 529; constitution of, iii. 526, 540, 542, 544; disturbances in, 1883-4, iii. 546-8; a national department, iii. 559; boundaries, etc., iii. 577-8; departments, iii. 578; cities, iii. 578-9; women of, iii. 581-2; education in, iii. 583-4; literature, iii. 584; amusements, iii. 584-5; epidemics, etc., iii. 585-6; administration of justice, iii. 644-5; army, iii. 645-6; agric., iii. 654-5; currency, iii. 675-6; telegraphs, iii. 708-9.
• Panamá, city, name, i. 404; post established on site of, 1517, i. 429; founding of, 1519, i. 468; progress, etc., of, i. 495-500; arms of, i. 500; slave market at, i. 608-9; Pizarro's exped., ii. 1-15; proposed removal of site, 1531, ii. 247; prosperity, etc., of, ii. 249-50; pillage of, ii. 255; Hinojosa's conquest of, 1545, ii. 255-61; Gasca at, 1546-7, ii. 269-72; captured by Contreras, 1550, ii. 279-81; Bermejo's defeat at, ii. 284-6; sickness at, ii. 399-400; official embezzlement at, ii. 401-2; defences of, ii. 402-3; decadence of, 1610, ii. 470; convent establd. at, 1592-8, ii. 475-6; fires at, 1644, ii. 479; 1737-71, ii. 582; prosperity of, 1645-70, ii. 480-1; descriptions of, ii. 502-3; iii. 578-9; captured by Morgan, ii. 504-7; destruction of, 1671, ii. 507-8; site of, removed, ii. 517-18; rebuilding of, ii. 517-19; naval combat off, 1680, ii. 534-7; freebooters defeated off, 1685, ii. 552-3; revolution at, 1821, iii. 504-8; gen. congress at, 1826, iii. 510-12; disturbances at, 1856, iii. 520-1; 1859-60, iii. 528-30.
• Panamá Isthmus, infested with criminals, iii. 518-19; guard of the, 1854, iii. 519; transit refused, iii. 522-3; order restored at, iii. 524; protection of the, iii. 539-40, 551-8; disturbances at, 1885, iii. 550-7; canal, iii. 698-700, 703-6; railroad, iii. 700-2.
• Panciaco, story of the South Sea, i. 348; kindness to the Spaniards, i. 383.
• Parada, J. G. de, bishop of Guat., 1729-36, ii. 710-11.
• Paredes, A. G. de, exped., etc., of, 1695, ii. 687-90.
• Paredes, M., president of Guat., 1849, iii. 277; treachery of, iii. 277-8.
• Paris, Cacique, defeats Badajoz, 1515, i. 415-17; tomb of, plundered, i. 468.
• Parker, Capt. W., exped. of, 1602-3, ii. 465-8.
• Pasamonte, M. de, treasurer-general at Santo Domingo, 1508, i. 266-7.
• Pasaquina, battle of, 1876, iii. 404.
• Pastora, F. F. de la, gov. of C. R., 1746, ii. 622.
• Paterson, W., the Scots' colony, 1695-9, ii. 570-7.
• Patinamit, description of, i. 655-6; Alvarado's reception at, 1524, i. 656-7; abandoned by natives, 1524, i. 683-4; sack, etc., of, 1525, ii. 77; battle of, 1526, ii. 84.
• Patzicia, pronunciamiento at, 1871, iii. 420-1.
• Paul III., bull of, 1531, ii. 239.
• Pavon, M. F., minister of relations, etc., 1844, iii. 192; death of, 1855, iii. 283.
• Paz, M. J., jefe of Guat., 1838, iii. 159.
• Paz, R., president of Guat., 1840-4, iii. 266-7.
• Pazaco, Alvarado attacked at, 1524, i. 669.
• Pearl fisheries, of Pan., ii. 394-5, 585; condition of, iii. 676.
• Pearl Islands, named, 1513, i. 377-8; Morales' exped. to, 1515, i. 408-11; Balboa at, 1517, i. 445-52; yield, etc., of, iii. 676.
• Pedrarias, D., character, etc., i. 387, 615-16; capt.-gen. of Castilla del Oro, 1514, i. 387; armament, i. 389; retinue, etc., i. 389-91; instructions to, i. 391-2, 397-9; voyage, i. 392; landing at Antigua, i. 393-4; exped. to Cenú, 1515, i. 417; founds Acla, i. 418; feud with Balboa, i. 432-3; fraud of, i. 435-6; duplicity, i. 452, 455; Balboa's trial and execution, 1517, i. 456-9; founds Panamá, 1519, i. 468; residencia of, i. 474, 594-6; resignation, i. 474; dispute with Gonzalez, i. 481-3; exped. against Urracá, i. 507-8; exped. to Nic., 1526, i. 587-92; 1528, i. 605; Pizarro's exped., i. 612-13; death, 1530, i. 614.
• Pedraza, Licentiate C. de, arrival in Hond., 1538, ii. 292; intercession of, ii. 298; bishop, ii. 299; administr., ii. 299-308.
• Peinado, J. M., intendente of San Salv., ii., 13-14.
• Pelaez, F. de P. G., 'Memorias,' ii. 732-3, 737; archbishop of Guat., iii. 630.
• Pelham, C., 'The World,' ii. 751.
• Peñalver y Cardenas, L., archbishop of Guat., iii. 29.
• Peralta, F. de, naval combat off Pan., 1680, ii. 535-7.
• Peraza, Friar V. de, bishop of Pan., i. 501; ii. 59.
• Perez, A., insurrection of, 1512, i. 355-6; captures Natá, 1515, i. 414.
• Perez, B., viceroy of New Gran., 1812, iii. 494-5.
• Perez, J., works of, iii. 345-6.
• Perez, M., director of Nic., 1843, iii. 239.
• Perie, J., gov. of C. R., 1779, ii. 622.
• Perks, W., command, etc., of, iii. 93-4.
• Peru, Pizarro's conquest of, ii. 1-42; map, ii. 9; traditions, ii. 16-17; annals, ii. 17-18; Alvarado's exped. to, ii. 38-9, 122-30; rebellion in, 1544-7, ii. 252-73.
• Peten, capture of, 1697, ii. 692-3.
• Peten, lake, Cortés at, i. 559-61.
• Piedrahita, Bishop L. F., works of, ii. 62.
• Pierzon, Col J., operations of, 1826, iii. 148-9; execution, iii. 150.
• Pineda, D. de, juez de comision, ii. 178.
• Pineda, Gen. J. L., director of Nic., 1851-3, iii. 256; revolt against, iii. 256; defeat of, 1855, iii. 332.
• Piñeda y Zaldaña, T. M., bishop of Salv., iii. 632.
• Pinelo, A. de L., works of, i. 287-8; ii. 762.
• Pinkerton, J., works of, ii. 755-6.
• Piñol y Aycinena, B., archbishop of Guat., 1868, iii. 630.
• 'Pinta,' voyage of the, 1492-3, i. 159-64.
• Pinta, A., capture of San José, 1842, iii. 219-20; biog., iii. 219; execution of Morazan, iii. 222; comand.-gen., iii. 224; dismissal, iii. 225-6.
• Pinto, J. A., vice-president of C. R., 1872, iii. 381-2.
• Pinzon, M. A., voyage, etc., of, 1492-3, i. 158-63.
• Pinzon, V. Y., voyage of, 1492-3, i. 112, 158-63; 1499, i. 186; 1506, i. 122, 289.
• Pisa, A. de, captures Dururua, ii. 68; exped. to C. R., ii. 192-9.
• Pizarro, F., joins Ojeda's exped., 1509, i. 298; at San Sebastian, i. 321-3; defeats Cemaco, i. 344; Balboa's exped., 1514, i. 376; Tabira's, i. 407; exped. to the Pearl Islands, 1515, i. 408-11; arrests Balboa, 1517, i. 452-3; exped. against Urracá, i. 504-5; character, etc., ii. 1-3; conquest of Peru, ii. 3-38; commission, ii. 13; assassination of, ii. 40-2.
• Pizarro, G., conquest of Peru, ii. 13; gov. of Quito, ii. 251; revolt of, 1544, ii. 252-4; conquest of Pan., ii. 254-61; defeat of, ii. 272; execution, ii. 273.
• Pizarro, H., conquest of Peru, ii. 22-40; death, ii. 40.
• Pizarro, J., conquest of Peru, ii. 13.
• Pizarro, Friar J., martyrdom of, 1586, ii. 433.
• Pizarro y Orellana, F., works of, ii. 273.
• Pocoa, Cacique, attack on Natá, etc., 1527, i. 510.
• Pocorosa, Cacique, meeting with Balboa, etc., 1513, i. 381-2; captures Santa Cruz, 1515, i. 403; attacks Guzman, i. 405-6.
• Ponca, Cacique, exped. against, 1512, i. 346; welcomes Balboa, i. 361-3.
• Ponce, Gen. F., president of Pan., 1868, iii. 536.
• Poncra, Cacique, Balboa's cruelty to, i. 379-80.
• Pontaz, Friar, labors of, ii. 133.
• Pontaza, Friar F. M. de, hermitage establ. by, 1524, i. 638.
• Porque, Cacique, defeat of, 1513, i. 363-4.
• Portobello, Columbus at, 1502, i. 216; Nicuesa at, 1510, i. 307; fair, etc., at, ii. 48-9; site of Nombre de Dios removed to, 1597, ii. 399; captured by Parker, 1602, ii. 466-8; description of, ii. 468-70; treasure fleet at, ii. 468-9; captured by Morgan, 1668, ii. 483-9; sacked by pirates, 1679, ii. 519; captured by Vernon, 1739, ii. 588-91; by MacGregor, 1819, iii. 498-9; recaptured, iii. 501.
• Poveda, A., gov. of Nic., 1722, ii. 607.
• Prado, M., vice-president, Cent. Amer. republic, 1830, iii. 112-13; jefe of Salv., 1832-4, iii. 122, 167; rule, iii. 167-8.
• Prescott, W. H., works of, i. 242-6.
• Press, freedom of, established, iii. 44-5.
• Prestan, P., outrages of, 1885, iii. 551-3.
• Prévost, Abbé A. F., works of, ii. 746-8.
• Prior, P., 'Informe,' ii. 762.
• 'Provincias Unidas del Centro de América,' established, 1823, iii. 68; debt of, iii. 667-8.
• Ptolemy, maps of, i. 130, 147.
• Pueblo Nuevo, pirates defeated at, 1680, ii. 539; 1686, ii. 557.
• Pueblo Viejo, captured by freebooters, 1686, ii. 556.
• Puente, A. de la, treasurer at Antigua, 1514, i. 390.
• Puerta, C. M. de la, labors of, in Tegucigalpa, ii. 642; martyrdom of, ii. 643.
• Puerto de Caballos, Alvarado at, 1539, ii. 204; raids on, 1595-6, ii. 639; 1603, ii. 650; site of, removed, ii. 650.
• Puerto Dulce, founding of, ii. 651.
• Puerto Príncipe, captured by Morgan, ii. 483.
• Puertocarrero, P., battle of Xelahuh, 1524, i. 639; character, ii. 87-8; exped. to Zacatepec, ii. 88-91; capture of Sinacam's stronghold, ii. 93-5; invasion of Chiap., 1526, ii. 227-8.
• Purchas, S., works of, ii. 742-4.
• Q
• Qat, King, Alvarado's embassy to, i. 622-3.
• Quadra, V., president of Nic., 1871-5, iii. 475-81.
• Quarequá, Balboa at, 1513, i. 363-4.
• Quauhtemotzin, King, execution of, 1524, i. 551-4.
• Quema, Cacique, capture, etc., of, 1516, i. 426.
• Quesada, Dr A. R. de, president of the audiencia of the Confines, 1555, ii. 358; administr., ii. 358-60.
• Quevedo, J. de, bishop of Darien, 1514, i. 390; mediation, etc., of, i. 436-9; departure for Spain, i. 461; dispute with Las Casas, i. 462-3; memorials of, i. 463; death, i. 463.
• Quezada, convention of, 1844, iii. 193.
• Quezaltenango, founding of, 1524, i. 638; riot at, iii. 88-9; state congress at, 1826, iii. 148; captured by Pierzon, iii. 149; revolt at, iii. 283; affair at, 1871, iii. 422.
• Quiché, power, etc., of, i. 620-2; map of, i. 629; conquest of, i. 634-6, 643-51.
• Quijano, Lieut-col, protest, etc., of, iii. 250.
• Quiñones, F., revolt at Leon, 1812, iii. 14.
• Quintana, works, etc., of, ii. 42.
• Quiroga, M. de, gov. of Nic., 1780, ii. 608.
• R
• Rábago, J. de E., exped. of, ii. 425-6.
• Rada, J. de, assassination of Pizarro, ii. 40-1.
• Railroads in Cent. Amer., iii. 700-2, 706-8.
• Ramirez, D., mission to Chiap., 1543, ii. 338.
• Ramirez, Friar H., bishop of Pan., 1644, ii. 479.
• Ramirez, J., bishop of Guat., 1600, ii. 381.
• Ramirez, M., director of Nic., 1849, iii. 256.
• Ramirez, N., jefe of Salv., 1841, iii. 286.
• Ramirez, P., exped. to Lacandon, 1559, ii. 363-5.
• Raon, J., gov. of Pan., 1762, ii. 584.
• Raoul, N., commander of artillery, etc., 1825, iii. 83; arrest, iii. 85-6.
• Reactionists, Guat., choice of president, 1848, iii. 274; efforts of, 1872, iii. 427-9; 1873, iii. 433.
• Realejo, the Contreras revolt, 1550, ii. 277; piratical raid on, 1684, ii. 548; 1685, ii. 555; 1686, ii. 560; blockade of, 1846, iii. 240.
• 'Recopilacion de Leyes de las Indias,' i. 257-8.
• 'Recueil de Voiages au Nord,' ii. 749-50.
• Regent of Audiencias, office of, created, 1776, ii. 714-15.
• Remesal, Friar A. de, works of, ii. 339-40, 736-7.
• Repartimiento, system, description of, i. 262-6.
• 'República de Colombia,' name adopted, iii. 558.
• Residencia, explanation of term, i. 250.
• Revenue, of Cent. Amer. states, iii. 677-87.
• Revolutions, Carrera's Guat., 1837-40, iii. 127-44; Alfaro's C. R., iii. 219-22; against Carrera, 1847-8, iii. 271-3; Menendez', 1885, iii. 411; Granados-Barrios, 1871, iii. 419-24; in Pan., 1821, iii. 502-7; 1840, iii. 515-16; 1868, iii. 536-7; 1875, iii. 541-2.
• Ribera, Dr, defeats Verdugo, ii. 263-4.
• Ribera, Duque de, bishop of Pan., 1594, ii. 475.
• Ribera, P. E. de, bishop of Guat., 1659-68, ii. 667-8.
• Ribero, D. de, Nicuesa's exped., 1509-10, i. 302-4.
• Richardson, J., 'Polar Regions,' iii. 709.
• Rincon, Gen. B. T. M. del, president of Guat., 1789-94, ii. 728.
• Ringrose, B., adventure of, 1680, ii. 530-2; naval combat off Pan., ii. 535-7; works, etc., of, ii. 568.
• Rios, P. de los, gov. of Castilla del Oro, 1526, i. 592-3; rule, i. 593-4; exped. to Nic., i. 602-4; Pizarro's conquest, ii. 6-8, 12; character, etc., ii. 44-5; usurpation of, ii. 177-8.
• Riotte, Gen. C. N., intervention of, 1869, iii. 474.
• Rivas, Friar, mission to Lacandon, 1685, ii. 680-1.
• Rivas, F. R. de, president of Guat., 1716-24, ii. 706.
• Rivas, President P., denounces Walker, iii. 349; govt of recognized, iii. 350; colonization decree of, 1855, iii. 592.
• Rivas, city, Walker's defeat at, 1856, iii. 344-5; siege of, 1857, iii. 358-60.
• Roads, in Pan., 1541-56, ii. 247-8; in Hond., 1539-47, ii. 293-4; of Cent. Amer., iii. 669.
• Roatan, island, captured by pirates, etc., ii. 647-8; restored, iii. 113; British seizure of, iii. 319.
• Roberts, O. W., 'Narrative of Voyages,' iii. 247-8.
• Robertson, W., works of, i. 196-7.
• Robles, Dr, exped. to El Desaguadero, ii. 176; gov. of Castilla del Oro, ii. 245; oidor, 1538, ii. 245; residencia of, ii. 245-6.
• Rodriguez, J. M., revolt of, 1811, iii. 13.
• Rojas, D. de, capture, etc., of, 1530, ii. 113.
• Rojas, G. de, in charge at Acla, 1515, i. 418; exped. of, 1525, i. 577-8; 1526, i. 589-92.
• Ruano, Capt. J., mention of, i. 536.
• Rueda, P. M. de, president of Guat., 1589-93, ii. 382.
• Ruiz, Pilot B., exped. to Peru, ii. 5-8.
• Runnels, R., chief of isthmus guard, iii. 519.
• Ruscelli, map of, 1544, i. 148.
• Ruysch, J., map of, 1508, i. 126.
• S
• Saavedra, H., capt.-gen. of Hond., 1525, i. 574, 582; Pedrarias' exped. against, 1526, i. 589-92.
• Sacasa, Col C., general order of, iii. 47; comand.-gen. of Nic., iii. 48; measures, iii. 48-9.
• Sacasa, J., deputy to córtes, iii. 26.
• Sahquiab, Cacique, defeat of, 1525, i. 699-700.
• Salaya, H. de, death of, i. 501.
• Salaya, Licentiate S. de, alcalde mayor of Antigua, 1522, i. 475.
• Salazar, A. de, the Zacatepec revolt, 1525, i. 694.
• Salazar, Gen. C., revolt at Leon, 1812, iii. 14; biog. iii. 131-2; victory at Villanueva, 1838, iii. 135-6.
• Salazar, Factor G. de, proceedings of, 1530, ii. 16; usurpation, etc., of, ii. 75-6.
• Salazar, L., pronunciamiento of, 1868, iii. 378.
• Salcedo, D. L. de, gov. of Hond., 1525, i. 598; rule, i. 599-600; exped. to Nic., i. 600-5; imprisonment, etc., of, i. 605-7; return to Trujillo, 1529, ii. 145; death, ii. 146.
• Salguero, R., the Contreras revolt, 1550, ii. 274-86; death, ii. 286.
• Salinas, Minister, suggestions to Nic. assembly, 1847, iii. 243-4.
• Salvador, Alvarado's invasion of, i. 669-76; independence proclaimed in, 1821, iii. 45; protest of, 1822, iii. 57; war with Guat., iii. 57-8, 90-100, 278-80, 401-5, 409-10; with Mex., 1822-3, iii. 62-4; secession of, iii. 116-17, 168; departments, iii. 165; state govt organized, 1824, iii. 165-6; church affairs in, iii. 166, 632; maps of, iii. 191, 205; war with Nic., 1844, iii. 196-200; with Hond., iii. 202-6, 393-9, 428, 455-62; union with Nic. and Hond., iii. 209-11; assembly, iii. 285-7, 397-8, 407; constitution, iii. 286, 308, 397-8, 407-9; invasion of, iii. 295; difficulty with England, 1849, iii. 297-8; declared a republic, iii. 300-1; seal of, iii. 301; Walker's exped., iii. 350-61; earthquake in, 1873, iii. 399-400; prosperity of, 1874, iii. 400; disturbances in, 1875, iii. 400-1; revolution in, 1885, iii. 411-12; boundaries, etc., iii. 571-2; polit. divisions, iii. 572; govt, iii. 572-3; cities, iii. 573-4; population, etc., iii. 588, 604-6; immigration, iii. 591; dress, iii. 606; mode of life, iii. 606-7; education in, iii. 624; administr. of justice, iii. 641; army, iii. 647-8; agric., iii. 652; mining, iii. 658; manufact., iii. 661; revenue, etc., iii. 681; debt, iii. 681-2; railroads, iii. 707-8.
• 'Salvador,' ship, case of the, 1864, iii. 522.
• Sámano, viceroy of New Gran., 1821-2, iii. 503.
• Samayoa, J. M., minister of war, Guat., 1876, iii. 402; exile of, iii. 419.
• San Bartolomé Island, capture of, 1780, ii. 609-10.
• San Buenaventura, Father J. de, mission of, 1695, ii. 690.
• San Cárlos, fort, capture of, 1665, ii. 441; 1812, iii. 14; attack on, 1769, ii. 608-9.
• San Cristóbal, freebooters at, 1625, ii. 453-4.
• San Fernando, seat of Nic. govt at, iii. 240.
• San Fernando de Omoa, fort, building of, ii. 645; captured by English, 1779, ii. 646; recaptured, ii. 647.
• San Gil de Buenavista, site of, transferred, i. 565.
• San Jorge de Olancho, founding of, 1530, ii. 121.
• San José, Morazan besieged at, 1842, iii. 219-20; treaty of, 1858, iii. 232-3; pronunciamiento at, 1868, iii. 378; émeute at, 1870, iii. 379.
• San Juan, J. N., deputy to córtes, iii. 26.
• San Juan de Puerto Rico, Drake defeated at, 1595, ii. 422.
• San Juan del Norte, British aggression at, iii. 249-52; bombardment of, 1854, iii. 254-5.
• San Juan, fort, capture of, 1780, ii. 611.
• San Juan River, exploration of, 1528, i. 607-8.
• San Lorenzo, fortifications of, ii. 494; captured by Bradley, 1670, ii. 494-6; castle, etc., of, destroyed, ii. 514; captured by Vernon, 1740, ii. 59.
• San Lúcas, affair at, 1871, iii. 423.
• San Miguel, federal defeat at, 1828, iii. 95; sack, etc., of, 1875, iii. 400-1; occupied by Solares, 1876, iii. 404; description of, iii. 574.
• San Miguel, gulf of, named by Balboa, 1513, i. 373.
• San Martin, J. M. de, president of Salv., iii. 299.
• San Pedro, L'Olonnois' raid on, ii. 458-9.
• San Salvador, revolt at, 1811, iii. 13-14; 1814, iii. 20; 1844-5, iii. 200-1; junta at, 1821, iii. 45; Arzú's attack on, 1822, iii. 60-1; 1828, iii. 94; Filisola's exped. against, iii. 62-4; aid sought from U. S., iii. 64; Arce's repulse at, 1827, iii. 91; captured by Morazan, 1832, iii. 117-18; a federal district, 1835, iii. 120; convention at, 1840, iii. 143-4; seat of federal govt, iii. 152, 168-9; earthquake at, 1854, iii. 300; siege of, 1863, iii. 306; description of, iii. 573-4.
• San Sebastian, founding of, 1510, i. 299-300; abandoned, i. 321-5; rebuilt, ii. 50.
• Sanabria, Alcalde, mention of, ii. 71-2.
• Sanchez, Pilot B., in Verag., 1503, i. 225-6.
• Sandé, Dr F., president of Guat., 1593-6, ii. 382; gov. of Nueva Galicia, 1596, ii. 382-3.
• Sandoval, J. L., director of Nic., 1845-7, iii. 240-2.
• Santa Ana, captured by Arce, 1826, iii. 92; affair at, 1827, iii. 93; battle of, 1871, iii. 395-6; treaty of, 1876, iii. 406.
• Santa Catarina, buccaneer colony at, i. 461-3; captured by Morgan, 1670, ii. 493, 496.
• Santa Clara, B. de, treasurer at Santo Domingo, i. 267.
• Santa Coloma, Gen. P., president of Pan., 1863, iii. 533.
• Santa Cruz, settlement of, founded, 1514, i. 400; destroyed, 1515, i. 403.
• Santa Fé de Bogotá, revolt at, 1810, iii. 493.
• Santa María, piratical raid on, 1680, ii. 520-8.
• 'Santa María,' voyage of the, 1492, i. 159-62.
• Santa Marta, viceregal seat at, 1813, iii. 495.
• Santa Rosa, insurrection in, 1871, iii. 424-5.
• Santa Tecla, insurrection at, 1883, iii. 408.
• Santiago, city (see also Guatemala, city), founding of, 1524, i. 678-81; site of, removed, 1527-8, ii. 96-9; 1542, ii. 321-2; disorders in, 1530, ii. 118-19; distress at, ii. 120; church affairs at, ii. 136; cathedral of, ii. 137-8, 341-2, 668; flood, etc., at, 1541, ii. 314-18; decree of cabildo, 1543, ii. 323; prosperity of, 1650-1700, ii. 653; Gage's sketch of, ii. 654-5; office-holding in, ii. 655-6; ayuntamiento of, ii. 657; convents, etc., of, ii. 645; earthquakes at, 1702-17, ii. 707-8.
• Santiago del Príncipe, founding of, 1570, ii. 388.
• Santillan, Fiscal P. de M., imprisonment, etc., of, 1669, ii. 658.
• Santo Domingo, founding of, i. 179; gold-hunting near, i. 252; sovereign tribunal at, 1511, i. 269; audiencia of, establd., 1526, i. 269-70; captured by Drake, 1586, ii. 420.
• Santo Tomás, colonization at, iii. 589-90.
• Serna, Capt. H. de la, explorations of, ii. 246.
• Serviles, Guat., party, iii. 69; attitude of, iii. 85; downfall of, iii. 100; plot of, 1831, iii. 113-14; disturbances created by, iii. 123-4; league with Carrera, iii. 140-1; elections, iii. 150-1; persecution of, iii. 152-3.
• Sharp, Capt. B., raid on Santa María, 1680, ii. 520-8; further operations, ii. 533, 541-2; trial of, ii. 542.
• Silva, Doña B. de, mention of, ii. 344.
• Simon, P., works of, ii. 61.
• Sinacam, King, Alvarado's meeting with, 1524, i. 652-3; capture, etc., of, i. 661-2; ii. 92-5.
• Sinibaldi, A., provis. president of Guat., 1885, iii. 449-50.
• Santo Tomás de Castilla, founding of, ii. 650; Dutch raid on, 1607, ii. 651; abandoned, ii. 651.
• Saravia, J. M., minister of state, 1842, iii. 217; capture of, iii. 219-20; death, iii. 220-1; biog., iii. 221.
• Sawkins, Capt., raid on Santa María, 1680, ii. 523-5; naval combat off Pan., ii. 535-7; reply to gov., ii. 538-9; death of, ii. 539.
• Schlessinger, L., envoy to C. R., 1855, iii. 342; defeat of, 1856, iii. 343-4.
• Schöner, J., map of, 1520, i. 137.
• Scots' Colony, the, 1695-1700, ii. 570-9.
• Seals, Cent. Amer., iii. 71; Salv., iii. 301.
• Segovia, N. de, campaign of, 1712, ii. 703-4.
• Sensenti, treaty of, 1845, iii. 206.
• Slavery, Indian and African, i. 253-66; in Pan., ii. 232-3; in Hond., ii. 233-4, 302; in Guat., ii. 234-6; in Vera Paz, ii. 355.
• Soberanis, R. de, gov. of Yuc., etc., 1695, ii. 688, 691.
• Society, mediæval, in Spain, i. 15-57.
• Soconuscans, subjugation of, 1524, i. 628.
• Soconusco, church affairs in, ii. 335, 372.
• Solares, Gen. G., invasion of Salv., 1876, iii. 403-4; coöperation with Granados, iii. 420-2.
• Solis, J. D. de, voyages of, i. 131, 289.
• Soltero, B. G., bishop of Guat., 1650, ii. 664-5.
• Sosa, J. de, exped. to Veragua, 1535-6, ii. 65-73.
• Sosa, Lope de, capt.-gen. of Castilla del Oro, 1517, i. 460; arrival at Antigua, i. 472; death, 1520, i. 472-3.
• Soto, B., president of C. R., 1885, iii. 390-1; biog., iii. 390.
• Soto, F. de, exped. of, 1538, i. 151.
• Soto, H. de, joins Pedrarias' exped., 1514, i. 391; exped. against Urracá, i. 504; encounter with Gonzalez, i. 519-20; dispute with Córdoba, i. 586; journey to Natá, i. 586-7; conquest of Peru, ii. 20-5.
• Soto, M. A., president of Hond., 1876-83, iii. 463-8; quarrel with Barrios, 1883, iii. 467-8.
• Sotomayor, A. de, gov. of Pan., 1601, ii. 464.
• Soto-Mayor, V., works of, ii. 761.
• South Sea, discov. of, 1513, i. 364-8; Balboa takes possession of, i. 370-3.
• Spain, origin of inhabitants, i. 5-7; the Iberian element in, i. 5-6, 15-16; the Celtic, i. 5-6, 15-17; the Phœnician, i. 5-6, 16-17; the Roman, i. 6-7, 15-16; the Gothic, etc., i. 6-7, 16-18; the Moorish, i. 7-10, 16-19; language of, i. 7-9; greatness of, 1474-1516, i. 11; decadence, i. 11-12; climate, i. 14-15; inquisition in, i. 32; slavery in, i. 33; sumptuary laws, i. 55-7; voyages of Columbus, i. 157-82; title to new world, i. 166-8; extension of new world privileges, i. 183-4; currency of, 1475-1525, i. 192-3; administr. of the Indies, 1492-1526, i. 247-85; colonization of Tierra Firme, i. 290-2; effect of Balboa's discov., i. 386; colonial policy, i. 514-15, 597-8; ii. 251-2; commercial policy, ii. 391-3; war with England, 1739-44, ii. 588-93; 1769-80, ii. 608-11; treaties with England, 1670-1721, ii. 598-600; 1783, ii. 606; affairs in, iii. 1-4; measures for protection against, iii. 105-6; C. R. boundary question, iii. 235-6; treaty with Nic., iii. 253; exped. of, 1815, iii. 496-7.
• Spaniards, race elements and evolution, i. 15-19; character, i. 12-24, 29-32, 57-8; castes, etc., i. 25-6; occupations, i. 26-7; pastimes, i. 34-5, 49-50; dwellings, i. 35-9; markets, etc., i. 37; women, i. 39, 51-4; dress, i. 39-45; religion, i. 45; food, etc., i. 45-8; hospitality, i. 49; treatment, etc., of women, i. 51-4.
• Squier, E. G., biog., iii. 261-2; works of, iii. 262-3.
• Sterling, Vice-admiral C., mention of, iii. 494-5.
• Stevens, H., 'Historical and Geographical Notes,' i. 70.
• Stout, P. F., 'Nicaragua,' iii. 247.
• Strangeways, T., 'Sketch of the Mosquito Shore,' iii. 247.
• Swan, Capt., raids off coast of South Amer., 1684-5, ii. 549-50; capture of Leon, ii. 554.
• T
• Tabira, J. de, factor at Antigua, 1514, i. 390; exped. of, 1515, i. 407.
• Tobaga, island, Pedrarias at, 1519, i. 467; pirates at, 1680, ii. 538.
• Tacuxcalco, battle of, 1524, i. 673-4.
• Tacuylula, Alvarado at, 1524, i. 667.
• Tafur, Licentiate, mention of, ii. 7.
• Talamanca, revolt in, 1610, ii. 445-6; Maldonado's exped. to, 1660, ii. 446; Franciscans in, ii. 447; attempted subjugation of, ii. 617-20.
• Talavera, B. de, piracy of, i. 300; execution, 1510, i. 301.
• Tapia, G. de, capture, etc., of, 1550, ii. 282.
• Tarragona, Maestre de Campo, execution of, 1554, ii. 425.
• Tatahuitlapan, Cortés at, 1524, i. 544-5.
• Tataracherubi, Cacique, Badajoz' dealings with, 1515, i. 413-14.
• Tayasal, pueblo, Cortés at, i. 559-61.
• Tecum Umam, King, defeat of, 1524, i. 639-41.
• Tegucigalpa, missionary labors in, ii. 642-3.
• Tegucigalpa, city, capital of Hond., 1880, iii. 465; description of, iii. 571.
• Tehuantepec, city, Alvarado's reception at, 1524, i. 627.
• Tehuantepec, isthmus, project for canal, iii. 693-4.
• Telegraphs, in Cent. Amer., iii. 708-9.
• Tenango, captured by Tzendales, 1712, ii. 698.
• Tenciz, pueblo, Cortés at, 1525, i. 564.
• Teoca, Cacique, encounter with Balboa, 1513, i. 378.
• Teotilac, Cortés at, 1524, i. 550-7.
• Terci, J., gov. of C. R., 1785, ii. 622.
• Terminos, bay of, buccaneer settlement at, ii. 623.
• Ternaux-Compans, H., works of, i. 200; ii. 759.
• Tetlepanquetzal, execution of, 1524, i. 551-4.
• Thévenot, M., 'Relation de Divers Voyages,' ii. 744.
• Thevet, A., works of, ii. 233.
• Thiel, Bishop, mention of, iii. 389; expulsion, etc., of, iii. 635.
• Tiac, Cortés at, 1524, i. 558.
• Tierra Firme, name, i. 290-1; proposed colonization of, i. 290-2; partition of, i. 294; subject to viceroy of Peru, 1571, ii. 400-1.
• Tiger Island, British seizure of, 1849, iii. 318.
• Tizapetlan, Cortés at, 1524, i. 549-50.
• Tlascaltecs, enslavement of, ii. 234.
• Toledo, M. de, claim of, ii. 64.
• Tologalpa, missionary labors in, ii. 447-50.
• Tolosa, Father D. de, martyrdom of, 1549, ii. 356.
• Tonalá, battle of, 1524, i. 628.
• Torre, Friar T. de la, mention of, ii. 345; provincial, ii. 376.
• Torres, Friar J. de, mention of, ii. 133.
• Tortuga, freebooters at, ii. 453-4.
• Totonagua, Cacique, surprised by Badajoz, 1515, i. 413.
• Totonicapan, natives muster at, 1524, i. 633.
• Townley, Capt., joins Davis' freebooters, 1685, ii. 550-1; capture of Leon, ii. 554; of Granada, 1686, ii. 557-9; surprise of Los Santos, ii. 561; defeat of, ii. 561; death, ii. 561.
• Treasure fleet, regulations, etc., for, ii. 468-9, 473.
• Treaties, Anglo-Spanish, 1670-1721, ii. 598-600; 1783, ii. 606; 1786, ii. 632-4; of Zatoca, 1844, iii. 196-7; Chinameca, 1845, iii. 203-4; Sensenti, 1845, iii. 206; San Jose, 1858, iii. 232-3; Clayton-Bulwer, 1850, iii. 252; Zeledon-Wyke, 1860, iii. 253; of Santa Ana, 1876, iii. 406.
• Triana, R. de, mention of, i. 160.
• Triunfo de la Cruz, founding of, 1524, i. 520, 527.
• Trota, Cacique, exped. against, 1527, i. 509-10.
• Trujillo, founding of, 1525, i. 535; Cortés at, 1525-6, i. 571-82; Mendez' revolt at, 1531, ii. 150-3; destitution at, ii. 155-6; partial abandonment of, ii. 156, 289; demands of colonists, ii. 159-60; raid on, 1596, ii. 639; 1643, 1797, ii. 645; description of, ii. 639; capture of, 1820, iii. 24-5; British occupation of, 1849, iii. 317.
• Tubanamá, Cacique, captured by Balboa, 1513, i. 381-2.
• Tuero, J. N., deputy to córtes, iii. 26.
• Tumaco, Cacique, meeting with Balboa, 1513, i. 375-7.
• Tumbez, Pizarro at, 1532, ii. 18.
• Tuxpan, Cortés at, 1522, i. 624.
• Tuzulutlan, see Vera Paz.
• Tzendales, revolt of the, 1712-13, ii. 696-705.
• U
• Ubilla, Don F. A. de, bishop of Chiap., 1592, ii. 373.
• Ugarte y Saravia, A. de, bishop of Guat., 1630-41, ii. 664.
• Ulloa, A. de, 'Noticias Americanas,' ii. 760-1.
• Ulloa, F. de, exped. of, 1539, i. 152.
• United States, Clayton-Bulwer treaty, 1850, iii. 252; difficulty with Nic., iii. 254-5; with New Gran., 1855, iii. 519; 1856-7, iii. 520-2; treaty with New Gran., 1846, iii. 700-1.
• United States of Colombia, organized, 1860, iii. 529; govt of, centralized, 1885, iii. 558.
• Uraga, Gen. L., operations of, 1876, iii. 403.
• Urbina, Col J. de M., gov. of Pan., 1803, iii. 489.
• Urracá, Cacique, exped. against, i. 504-5; attack on Natá, i. 506; conflict with Pedrarias, i. 507-8; capture, etc., of, 509; death, 510.
• Urrutia, C., capt.-gen., 1818, iii. 23; rule, iii. 23-32.
• Ursua, M., enterprise of, 1692, ii. 681-2; Soberanis' opposition to, ii. 688, 691; campaigns of, 1697-9, ii. 691-5.
• Ursua, P. de, campaign of, ii. 387-8.
• Uspantan, exped. against, 1529, ii. 108-10; capture of, 1530, ii. 112-30.
• Utatlan, description of, i. 643-5; burning of, 1524, i. 649-50.
• V
• Vaena, J., labors of, in Tegucigalpa, ii. 642-3; martyrdom of, ii. 643.
• Vallarino, J., biog., iii. 513.
• Valderas, Friar, mission to Spain, ii. 346.
• Valderrábano, A. de, execution of, 1517, i. 457-9.
• Valderrama, F. de, gov. of C. R., ii. 621.
• Valdivia, Regidor, mission to Española, 1511, i. 342; fate of, i. 349-50.
• Valdivieso, A. de, bishop of Nic., 1544, ii. 179-80; biog., ii. 179; feud with Contreras, ii. 180-3; dispute with the audiencia of the Confines, 1545, ii. 303-7; assassination of, 1550, ii. 276.
• Valencia, Capt.-gen. P. de O., campaign of, ii. 388.
• Valenzuela, joins Espinosa, i. 425; exped. of, 1516, i. 426.
• Valladolid, junta at, 1541, ii. 239-40.
• Valle, J. del, leader of gazistas, iii. 26; biog., iii. 26-7; death of, iii. 121.
• Valtonado, B., bishop of Nic., 1621, ii. 443.
• Valverde, G. de, president of Guat., 1578-89, ii. 380-1.
• Valverde, V. de, conquest of Peru, ii. 27-9, 37-8.
• Vara, R. de la, archbishop of Guat., iii. 29.
• Vargas, Capt. A de, exped. of, 1527, i. 509-10.
• Varnhagen, F. A. de, 'Le Premier Voyage de Amerigo Vespucci,' i. 70.
• Vasco y Orosco, J., gov. of Pan., 1764, ii. 584.
• Vasconcelos, D., defeat of, 1850, iii. 279-80; president of Salv., iii. 294-9.
• Vazquez, F., works of, ii. 142-3, 736-7.
• Vela, Viceroy V. N., measures of, in Pan., 1544, ii. 242-3; arrival in Peru, 1544, ii. 252; revolt against, ii. 252-3; death of, 1546, ii. 254.
• Velasco, D. F. de, gov. of Castilla del Oro, 1616, ii. 471.
• Velasco, J. D. de, exped. of, 1695, ii. 682-5; 1696, ii. 686.
• Vera Paz, pacification of, ii. 348-54; slavery, etc., in, ii. 355; church affairs in, ii. 374; colonization in, iii. 122-3, 589.
• Vera y Villaquiran, D. O. de, exped. of, 1646-8, ii. 677-9.
• Veragua, Columbus' explorations, etc., in, 1503, i. 218-31; quibian of, i. 219-28; colony founded in, i. 221-2; abandoned, i. 229-30; Nicuesa's exped. to, 1509-10, i. 302-8; description of, ii. 63; Gutierrez' exped. to, 1535-6, ii. 65-73; secession of, 1840, iii. 515.
• Verdelete, E., labors in Tologalpa, ii. 448-50; martyrdom, 1612, ii. 450.
• Verdugo, M., arrest, etc., of, ii. 261-2; invasion of Pan., 1545, ii. 262-3; defeat of, ii. 263-4; rebuked by Gasca, ii. 269.
• Vernon, Capt. E., exped. of, 1739-42, ii. 588-93.
• Verrazano, G., exped. of, 1524, i. 140-1.
• Verveer, Gen., mediation of, iii. 98.
• Vespucci, A., voyages of, i. 99-107, 112-13, 117-18.
• Vetancur, Don R. V., gov. of Yuc., ii. 631; exped. to Belize, ii. 631-2.
• Vetancur, Father de S. J., founds Bethlehemite order in Guat., ii. 666.
• Vila, Gen. R. S., president of Pan., 1885, iii. 549-50, 559.
• Villa Hermosa, Marqués de, gov. of Pan., 1730-5, ii. 583-4.
• Villa de Nicaragua, revolt at, 1812, iii. 14.
• Villa Real, see Ciudad Real.
• Villa Rocha, Marqués de, gov. of Pan., 1708, ii. 582.
• Villacorta, J. V., jefe of Salv., 1824, iii. 166-7.
• Villalpando, B. de, bishop of Guat., 1564, ii. 375-8.
• Villanueva, battle of, 1838, iii. 135-6.
• Villar, A. del, prosecution of conspirators, iii. 18-19.
• Villaseñor, Col V., defection of, 1842, iii. 216-17; execution, iii. 221-2.
• Villasis, Friar S. de, mission of, 1646, ii. 677-8.
• Viteri, Bishop, mention of, iii. 190, 193, 202; revolution of, 1842, iii. 289; intrigues of, iii. 291-3.
• Vivero, R. de, gov. of Castilla del Oro, ii. 472.
• Votan, tradition of, ii. 213.
• 'Voyage Pittoresque,' ii. 754-5.
• 'Voyages round the World,' ii. 752.
• 'Voyages and Adventures of Capt. Barth. Sharp,' ii. 568.
• Voyages of discovery, early, i. 68-154.
• W
• Wafer, 'A New Voyage,' ii. 569.
• Walckenaer, C. A., works of, ii. 749.
• Walker, W., campaign in Nic., 1855-6, iii. 328-46; biog., iii. 329; plan of exped., iii. 343; president of Nic., iii. 350; surrender, iii. 360-1; second exped. to Nic., iii. 363; exped. to Hond., iii. 363; execution, 1860, iii. 364.
• Wappäus, J. G., 'Geographie und Statestif,' iii. 709.
• Warner, T., exped. of, 1625, ii. 453.
• Weatherhead, W. D., works of, iii. 502.
• Wells, W. V., works of, iii. 323.
• Wheeler, Amer. minister, relations with, discontinued, 1855, iii. 340.
• 'World Displayed,' ii. 250.
• X
• Xalpatlahua, Peñol, capture, ii. 82-3.
• Xatruch, Gen., invasion of Hond., 1871, iii. 455-6.
• Xelahuh, city, Alvarado's occupation of, 1524, i. 638; battle of, i. 639-41.
• Xequiqel, river, named, 1524, i. 636.
• Xicaques, missionary labors among the, 1667-98, ii. 643-4.
• Xumay, outbreak at, 1529, ii. 107-8.
• Y
• Yucatan, Valdivia's shipwreck, etc., off, 1512, i. 350; buccaneers in, ii. 622-3; British usurpation in, iii. 315; population, iii. 316; products, iii. 316-17.
• Z
• Zacaha, fortifications of, i. 633.
• Zacatepecs, revolt of the, 152, i. 692-5; 1527, ii. 88-91.
• Zacatula, ship-building at, 1522, i. 623.
• Zaclunes, revolt of the, 1624, ii. 676.
• Zatoca, treaty of, 1844, iii. 196-7.
• Zakuléu, capture of, 1525, i. 700-2.
• Zaldívar, R., president of Salv., 1876-84, iii. 406-11; biog., iii. 406-7; negotiations with Barrios, iii. 446-7.
• Zamora, A. C., bishop of C. R., 1884, iii. 635.
• Zamora, J., revolt of, 1826, iii. 179-80.
• Zamudio, M., gov. of Castilla del Oro, 1511, i. 335; cruelty to Nicuesa, i. 335-6; outdone by Balboa, i. 339-40.
• Zapata y Sandoval, J., bishop of Guat., 1621-30, ii. 664.
• Zapotitlan, capture of, 1524, i. 629-31.
• Zavala, Gen. J., president of Nic., 1879-83, iii. 482-5.
• Zavala, Gen. V., operations of, 1856, iii. 353-6; disturbances caused by, iii. 361-2; revolt in favor of, 1869, iii. 416-17.
• Zelaya, G., jefe of Hond., 1827, iii. 162.
• Zeledon-Wyke treaty, 1860, iii. 253.
• Zeno, chart of, 1390, i. 82.
• Zepeda, Father, explorations of, 1750-1, ii. 613-14.
• Zepeda, J., jefe of Nic., 1835, iii. 177.
• Zipangu, fabled realm of, i. 160-1.
• Zorita, Oidor, measures of, in Guat., 1555, ii. 359.
• Zuazo, Licentiate, despatch to Cortés, i. 572-3.
• Zubiaur, P. de, exped. of, 1695, ii. 690.
• Zutugils, subjugation, 1524, i. 657-60.