Human Nature in Politics / Third Edition

Ibid., p. 756.

Ostrogorski, vol. i. p. xliv.

Herman Merivale, Colonisation, 1861, 2nd edition. The book is a re-issue, largely re-written, of lectures given at Oxford in 1837. The passage quoted forms part of the 1861 additions, p. 675.

Loc. cit., p. xliii.

A Modern Utopia, p. 381.

System of Logic, Book vi. vol. ii. (1875), p. 462.

This figure is adapted (by the kind permission of the publishers) from one given in Professor K. Pearson's Chances of Death, vol. i. p. 277. For the relation between such records of actual observation and the curves resulting from mathematical calculation of known causes of variation, see ibid., chap, viii., the paper by the same author on 'Contributions to the Mathematical Theory of Evolution,' in vol. 186 (A) of the Royal Society's Philosophical Transactions (1896), and the chapters on evolution in his Grammar of Science, 2nd edition.

Economic Studies (Longmans, 1895), p. 97.

Ibid., p. 98.

Journal of Economics, March 1907, pp. 7 and 8. 'What by chemical analogy may be called qualitative analysis has done the greater part of its work.... Much less progress has indeed been made towards the quantitative determination of the relative strength of different economic forces. That higher and more difficult task must wait upon the slow growth of thorough realistic statistics.'

Shelley, Poetical Works (H.B. Forman), vol. iv. p. 8.

The Prelude, Bk. XIII., ll. 81-84.

First Report of the Poor Law Commission, 1834 (reprinted 1894), p. 187.

See p. 132.

Times, March 27, 1908.

Ethics, Bk. I. ch. iii. (6). ἐπειδὴ τὸ τέλοσ [τη̑σ πολιτικη̑σ] ἐστὶν οὐ γνω̑σις ἀλλὰ πρα̑ξις.

Plato, Republic, p. 493.

Letters on the Spirit of Patriotism, etc. (ed. of 1785), p. 70.

Ibid., p. 2.

Ibid., p. 165.

Coningsby, ch. xiii.

Maximes de Guerre et Penseés de Napoleon Ier (Chapelot), p. 230.

Hansard (Trades Disputes Bill, House of Lords, Dec. 4, 1906), p. 703.

Mrs. Pankhurst is reported, in the Observer of July 26, 1908, to have said, 'Whatever the women who were called Suffragists might be, they at least understood how to bring themselves in touch with the public. They had caught the spirit of the age, learnt the art of advertising.'

Quoted in Times, June 3, 1907.

Heretics, 1905, p. 136.

A. T. Hadley in Munsey's Magazine, 1907.

Cf. Plato's Republic, Book IV.

British Medical Journal, Oct. 8, 1904.

The future in America, chapter ix.

See Okakura, The Japanese Spirit (1905).

δουλεύσαντι τη κτήσει αὐτου̑ (Republic, p. 494).

Wells, A Modern Utopia, p. 263. 'I know of no case for the elective Democratic government of modern States that cannot be knocked to pieces in five minutes. It is manifest that upon countless important public issues there is no collective will, and nothing in the mind of the average man except blank indifference; that an electional system simply places power in the hands of the most skilful electioneers....' Wells, Anticipations, p. 147.

The Nation, December 21, 1907.

Hume's Essays, chap. iv.

γενναι̑όν τι ἒν ψενδομένοθς (Republic, p. 414).

Times, January 6, 1908.

Mr. Morley in the House of Commons. Hansard, June 6, 1907, p. 885.

See, e.g., Stephen, History of the Criminal Law, vol. i. pp. 260-72.

On the jury system see Mr. Wells's Mankind in the Making, chapter vii. He suggests the use of juries in many administrative cases where it is desirable that government should be supported by popular consent.

Times, June 26, 1907.

Letter to the Reader, Ap. 29, 1865, signed J.S.M., quoted as Mill's by Henry Romilly in pamphlet, Public Responsibility and Vote by Ballot, pp. 89, 90.

Address delivered by Lord Courtney at the Mechanics' Institute, Stockport, March 22, 1907, p. 6.

Proportional Representation Pamphlet, No. 4, p. 6.

April 30, 1907.

Address at Stockport, p. 11.

Times, June 25, 1907.

E.g. James Mill, Essay on Government (1825), 'We have seen in what manner it is possible to prevent in the Representatives the rise of an interest different from that of the parties who choose them, namely, by giving them little time not dependent upon the will of those parties' (p. 27).

Star, November 28th, 1906.

I arrive at this figure by dividing the United Kingdom into single member parliamentary constituencies, averaging 100,000 in population, which gives a House of Commons of 440—a more convenient number than the existing 670. I take the same unit of 100,000 for the average municipal area. Large towns would contain several parliamentary constituencies, and small towns would, as at present, be separate municipal areas, although only part of a parliamentary constituency. I allow one local council of 50 on the average to each municipal area.

Bonar's Malthus, chap. vii.

Hansard, Feb. 4th, 5th, 6th, 1830.

It would be interesting if Lord Morley, now that he has access to the records of the East India House, would tell us the true intellectual history of this far-reaching suggestion. For the facts as now known, cf. A.L. Lowell, Colonial Civil Service, pp. 243-256.

Reports and Papers on the Civil Service, 1854-5.

Reports and Papers on the Civil Service, pp. 104, 105.

Ibid., p. 78

Life of Queen Victoria, vol. iii. p. 377 (July 29, 1858).

Latter Day Pamphlets, No. I, The Present Time. (Chapman and Hall, 1894, pp. 12 and 14.)

Lay Sermont, p. 31, 'A Liberal Education' (1868).

The figures in the census of 1901 were—National, 90,000; Local, 71,000. But the local officials since then have, I believe, increased much more rapidly than the national.

For a long time the Library of the Board of Trade was kept at the Foreign Office.

Ethics, IX., X. 3. οὔτε γὰρ ἐκ δέκα ἀνθρώπων γένοιτ' ἂν πόλις, οὔτ' ἐκ δέκα μυριάδων ἔτι πόλις ἐστίν.

Aristotle, Polit., Bk. VII. ch. iv.

Mankind in the Making, p. 406.

Aristotle, Polit., Bk. VII. ch. iv.

Part I. ch. ii. pp. 72, 73, and 77-81.

Bismarck (J.W. Headlam), p. 269.

Life, and Writings (Smith, Elder, 1891), vol. iv. (written 1858), p. 275.

Canning, Life by Stapleton, p. 341 (speech at Liverpool, 1818).

Mazzini, Life and Writings (Smith, Elder, 1891), vol. iii. p. 8.

Ibid., vol. iv. p. 274.

Ibid., vol. iv. p. 276 (written 1858).

Ibid., vol. v. p. 273.

Mazzini, Life and Writings (Smith, Elder, 1891), vol. v. p. 274 (written 1849).

Ibid., vol. iii. p. 15 (written 1836).

Ibid., vol. v. p. 275.

Life and Writings (Smith, Elder, 1891), vol. vi. p. 258.

Speech, 1850, quoted by J.W. Headlam, Bismarck, p. 83.

Times, Dec. 19, 1907.

Sir Sydney Olivier, e.g. in his courageous and penetrating book White Capital and Coloured Labour considers (in chap. ii.) the racial distinctions between black and white from the point of view of evolution. This consideration brings him at once to 'the infinite, inexhaustible distinctness of personality between individuals, so much a fundamental fact of life that one almost would say that the amalgamating race-characteristics are merely incrustations concealing this sparkling variety' (pp. 12, 13).

Times, Jan. 22, 1908.