Industrial and commercial South America

The figures in black face indicate references of especial importance.—Ordinary contractions are used, as R. for river, Ry. railway, V. for valley, etc.—As ch, ll, and ñ are regarded in Spanish as distinct letters, ch follows all the c’s, ll the l’s, and ñ the n’s.—For additional agricultural and mineral products, see under the individual States.

• Abancay, 152, 171
• Abuná, 413;
• R. 227, 243
• Acaray Mts., 101;
• R. 347, 348
• Achacachi, 215, 225
• Aconcagua, 247, 257, 276;
• Mt. 251, 257, 287, 296;
• R. 251, 268
• Aconquija, Mt., 294
• Acre, 242, 375, 376, 405, 412;
• R. 227
• Aeroplanes, 113, 314, 367
• Agriculture, 40-43; 86-88; 105, 106, 110, 141-143; 185-191; 241-242; 275-276, 319-323; 348-350; 369, 414-419
• Aguardiente, 42, 142, 189, 241
• Aguarico R., 126
• Aguas Blancas, 266
• Aiguirre Puerto, 306
• Alagôas, 375, 387, 399, 412, 432
• Alausi, 136, 138
• Albemarle, Isl., 133
• Albina, 111
• Alfalfa, 143, 191, 276, 316
• Alligator, 143;
• Pear, 190
• Almagro, Diego de, 113, 149, 245
• Alpacas, 193, 239, 240
• Aluminum, 107
• Amagá, 35, 37, 46
• Amarração, 401
• Amazon Basin and R., 2, 3, 4, 6, 16, 17, 76, 114, 115, 121, 124, 126, 137, 138, 143, 154, 159, 173, 174, 181, 182, 183, 210, 211, 212, 227, 306, 378, 379, 382, 403, 420, 421
• Amazonas, (Ven.), 55, 74, 75, 84,
• (Peru), 152, 169, 173, 188,
• (Brazil), 375, 402, 403, 405, 425, 432
• Ambalema, 33, 37
• Ambato, 117, 137, 138, 139,
• Basin, 122, 123, 125
• Ancash, 152, 165, 197, 200
• Ancón, 151, 167
• Ancón de Sardinas, Bay, 130
• Ancos, 165
• Ancud, 247, 277
• Ancud, Gulf of, 251, 259
• Angol, 247
• Antarctic Circle, 250
• Antarctic Current, 121, 156, 157, 252
• Antimony, 193, 201, 235
• Antioquia, 9, 10, 11, 12, 22, 23, 38, 40, 42, 49, 50, 51
• Antisana Mt., 126
• Antofagasta, 150, 205, 206, 215, 222, 223, 243, 247, 256, 261, 263, 265, 266, 267, 268, 269, 270, 271, 272, 292, 313
• Antonina, 394
• Anzoátegui, 54, 55, 68, 82, 88
• Apá R., 333, 339
• Apolobamba, Nudo of, 211, 234
• Aporama, 199
• Apuay Knot, 125
• Apure, 55, 56, 71;
• R. 62, 72, 84
• Apurimac, 150, 152, 171, 197;
• R. 159, 170, 171
• Aquidabán R., 339
• Aracajú, 375, 399, 412
• Aragua, 54, 55, 66, 67, 80, 88;
• R. 60, 67
• Araguary R., 386, 402
• Araguaya R., 381, 382, 412, 425, 429
• Arauca, 10, 13, 27, 31;
• R. 17, 27, 31, 84
• Arauco, 247, 259;
• Bay, 263, 274
• Archidona, 117
• Argentina, 216, 218, 235, 242, 250, 257, 280-330, 334, 335, 348, 367, 368, 424, 427, 452
• Argentina Lake, 313
• Arequipa, 152, 154, 158, 161, 168, 180, 198, 200, 201, 203, 221, 222
• Arica, 148, 151, 158, 222, 235, 236, 246, 249, 255, 261, 263, 266, 275, 278
• Aricoma Pass, 199
• Ariguani, 36
• Aripe Rapids, 306
• Aroa, 66, 79, 81, 93
• Artigas, 356, 362;
• Gen., 355
• Ascope, 164
• Asphalt, 94
• Asunción, 289, 306, 311, 312, 333, 334, 336, 337, 339, 340, 341, 343, 348, 393, 404, 409
• Atabapo R., 75, 76
• Atacama, 247, 256, 266, 276;
• Puna de, 293, 325
• Atlantico, 9, 10, 11, 22, 44
• Atocha, 223
• Atrato R., 15, 16, 17, 18, 23, 24, 35, 43, 48, 49
• Atures Rapids, 17, 75, 84
• Aullagas Lake, 226
• Australia, 133
• Ayacucho, 152, 171, 188, 193, 206
• Aymarás, 172, 181, 208
• Ayoapó, 236
• Ayolas, Juan de, 333, 334
• Azogues, 117, 133
• Azuay, 116, 117, 132, 133, 139, 145
• Babahoya, 117, 139;
• R., 127
• Bahia, (Ec.), 136;
• (Brazil), 374, 375, 381, 387, 388, 397, 398, 400, 406, 412, 415, 416, 417, 419, 428, 429, 430, 432
• Bahia de Caraquez, 136, 137
• Bahia Blanca, 269, 301, 302, 303, 307, 309, 310, 312, 314, 316, 318, 325, 326
• Bahia Honda, 36
• Bajada Grande, 305
• Balatá, 43, 89, 107, 110
• Balmaceda, 246
• Balsa, 226, 227
• Balzar R., 127
• Ballenita, 131, 136, 144
• Ballivián, 210
• Bananas, 41, 111
• Banco, 34, 36
• Baños, 139
• Baquedano, 266
• Baragua R., 65
• Barbacoas, 26, 36, 43
• Barcelona, 55, 68, 79, 82, 88, 93, 94
• Barima, 108
• Barinas, 55, 71, 84, 94
• Barquisimeto, 55, 59, 66, 81, 83, 84, 91
• Barranca Bermeja, 47
• Barrancas, 76, 91
• Barranqueras, 329
• Barranquilla, 10, 12, 13, 22, 30, 32, 33, 35, 47, 51
• Barretos, 424
• Baudó, Serranía de, 15, 17, 18
• Baurés R., 383
• Baurú, 409
• Bauxite, 99, 107, 111
• Bayovar, 163
• Beagle Channel, 300
• Beans, 88
• Beer, 329
• Belém, 375, 402
• Belgrano, 303
• Bello Horizonte, 375, 405, 408
• Benalcazar, Sebastian de, 115
• Beni, See El Beni
• Beni R., 159, 212, 218, 219, 224, 227, 237, 242, 383, 384, 413
• Berbice R., 103, 104
• Bermejo R., 212, 226, 284, 288, 289, 312
• Bermudez Asphalt Lake, 69, 94, 95
• Berrío Puerto, 35, 36
• Bio-Bio, 247, 259;
• R., 252, 263, 275, 277
• Bismuth, 201, 235
• Bitumen, 108
• Blanco Cape, 122
• Blancos, 355
• Bobures, 82, 87
• Boca de Ceniza, 30
• Boca de Navios, 61
• Bocas del Drago, 69
• Bocono, 72
• Bodega Central, 34
• Bodegas, 139;
• R., 127
• Bogotá, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 18, 19, 20, 28, 32, 33, 34, 36, 37, 38, 46, 51
• Bolívar, (Col.), 9, 10, 22, 24,
• (Ven.), 55, 72, 73, 74, 84, 88, 89,
• (Ec.), 116, 117, 133
• Bolívar Ciudad, 27, 31, 55, 73, 78, 83, 90, 92
• Bolívar, Gen., 8, 54, 150
• Bolivia, 4, 14, 53, 114, 148, 150, 158, 159, 205-244, 248, 292, 306, 309, 310, 332, 383, 409, 412, 413, 455
• Boquete, 267
• Borax, 200, 268, 275
• Borja, 124, 138,
• (Par.), 342
• Boyacá, 9, 10, 12, 27, 37, 54
• Bragança, 402, 412; 408
• Brazil, 1, 2, 4, 61, 101, 112, 115, 192, 218, 242, 245, 289, 331, 333, 334, 339, 342, 343, 355, 372-434, 452, 453
• Brazo, 76
• Bucaramanga, 10, 28, 34, 35, 37, 38
• Bucay, 136
• Buenaventura, 12, 24, 26, 30, 31, 36, 37, 48
• Buenos Aires, 175, 223, 280, 281, 282, 283, 284, 285, 287, 288, 289, 290, 291, 298, 301, 305, 307, 308, 309, 310, 312, 316, 317, 318, 319, 320, 322, 325, 326, 327, 328, 329, 330, 331, 334, 343, 350, 355, 361, 364, 403, 411, 454, 456, 457
• Buenos Aires Lake, 288, 300, 313
• Buga, 36, 38
• Caapacá, 352
• Caazapá, 335
• Cabedello, 400, 412, 417
• Cabellos, 367
• Cabildo, 265
• Cabral, Pedro Alvarez, 373
• Cacao, 42, 86, 106, 110, 141, 188, 241, 415
• Cacequy, 392, 411
• Caceres, 34
• Cachaca, 416
• Cacheuta, 326
• Cailloma, 168, 200
• Cajabamba, 165, 198
• Cajamarca, 149, 152, 161, 164, 169, 184, 193, 197, 200
• Calabozo, 55, 70, 71
• Calacoto, 238
• Calama, 267, 272
• Calamar, 10, 30, 32, 34
• Calamara R., 127
• Calantura, 182
• Caldas, 10, 12, 23, 35, 40, 50
• Caldera, 264, 265, 266
• Calera, 265
• Caleta Coloso, 266
• Cali, 10, 13, 25, 34, 36, 37, 45, 46, 48
• Caliche, 270
• Callao, 152, 154, 158, 162, 167, 175, 176, 177, 188, 261
• Callapó, 227
• Camaná, 168
• Camaquám, 430
• Camaquán Lake, 62
• Cambao, 38
• Camerones Bay, 304
• Camocím, 412
• Campana, 301, 318
• Campos, 397, 411, 416, 429
• Candelaria, 313, 334
• Canelas, 139
• Canelones, 356, 360
• Cañar, 116, 117, 133
• Cañete, 186
• Caño Macareo, 78
• Caño Pedernales, 76
• Caoba, 90
• Capure, 95
• Caquetá, 10, 26;
• R., 17
• Carabaya, 199
• Carabobo, 54, 55, 66, 70, 77, 78, 91, 93
• Caracas, 54, 55, 57, 60, 63, 77, 79, 80, 83
• Caracoles, 234
• Carache, 72
• Caraguatay, 335
• Carapeguá, 342
• Caraquez Bay, 131
• Carara V., 37
• Caráz, 166, 167
• Carchi, 116, 117, 133
• Carenero, 79, 80
• Carhuáz, 166
• Carhue, 310
• Cariaco Gulf, 68
• Carmen de Patagones, 310, 330
• Carnaüba Wax, 423
• Caroni R., 61, 73, 74, 92
• Carora R., 65
• Cartagena, 10, 12, 22, 30, 31, 32, 34, 35, 38
• Cartago, 25, 34, 36, 39
• Cartavio, 186
• Carúpano, 69, 77, 83, 84, 94
• Carrizal, 265, 273
• Casanare, 27, 38, 48
• Casapalca, 196
• Casiquiare R., 17, 26, 62, 76, 89
• Casma, 167
• Castilletes, 82, 94
• Castro, 277;
• Gen., 54, 69
• Catacaos, 163
• Catamarca, 283, 294, 321, 322, 324
• Catatumbo R., 16, 28, 31, 48, 62, 64, 81, 84
• Cattle, 44, 91, 108, 111, 143, 193, 240, 277, 278, 315, 350, 368, 391, 424, 425, 426
• Cauca, 9, 10, 12, 25, 40, 41;
• R., 16, 23, 32, 34, 35, 38, 50;
• V., 15, 18, 19, 31, 35, 37, 38, 39, 42
• Cauquenes, 247
• Caura R., 61, 74, 90
• Cautín, 247, 259, 276
• Cayapas Indians, 118, 119
• Cayenne, 112, 113
• Cayo, 136
• Ceará, 375, 400, 412, 421, 423, 428, 429
• Central Valley, 257, 258, 264
• Centro, 66, 67
• Cerro Azul, 168
• Cerro de Pasco, 152, 159, 170, 179, 182, 195, 198, 200
• Cerro Largo, 356, 357, 363, 370
• Cerro Potosí, 232, 233
• Cerro Quespesisa, 199
• César R., 34, 36
• Christ of the Andes, 296
• Church, George Earl, 412
• Cicapra R., 93
• Climar R., 359
• Coal, 45, 93, 145, 198, 236, 274, 325, 370, 431
• Cobija, 210, 243
• Coca, 188, 242
• Coca R., 126
• Coconuts, 42, 88
• Cochabamba, 207, 209, 216, 218, 224, 225, 227, 230, 236, 242, 243
• Coche, 69, 70, 94
• Codera Cape, 60
• Coffee, 7, 40, 86, 106, 110, 142, 143, 188, 241, 414
• Cojedes, 55, 70, 77, 93;
• R., 59
• Cojoro, 78
• Colastiné, 289, 301, 305
• Colchagua, 247, 258, 276
• Collins, P. T., 413
• Colombia, 4, 7-52; 76, 78, 91, 114, 124, 133, 148, 149, 174, 373
• Colón, 31, 83
• Colonia, 356, 357, 361, 365
• Colonia Las Heras, 313
• Colonia Sarmiento, 313
• Colonia Suiza, 361
• Colonias del Gran Chaco, 207, 220
• Colonias del Noroeste, 207, 219, 237, 243
• Colorado R., 290, 299, 310
• Colorados, 355
• Colquechaca, 217
• Colquipocro, 167, 200
• Columbus, 8, 53, 69, 100
• Collahuasi, 223, 268
• Collay, 145
• Commewynne R., 109
• Comodoro Rivadavia, 275, 300, 304, 313, 325, 330
• Concepción, (Chile), 246, 247, 259, 263, 264, 275, 276; (Par.), 335, 337, 342, 343, 344, 349
• Concepción del Uruguay, 307, 365
• Concordia, 285, 298, 307, 316, 362, 367
• Conchi, 268
• Condoto R., 49
• Confuso R., 340
• Constitución, 264
• Copacabana, 215, 236
• Copaiba, 107
• Copiapó, 247, 248, 256, 264, 265, 407
• Copper, 28, 45, 93, 144, 194, 195, 234, 271, 295, 300, 352, 370, 429
• Copra, 106
• Coquimbo, 247, 251, 256, 261, 263, 265, 270, 273, 274, 276
• Córdoba, 281, 283, 285, 287, 288, 290, 296, 307, 308, 310, 316, 319, 325, 329
• Corentyn R., 102, 104, 105, 109
• Corn, 43, 88, 111, 142, 143, 190, 241, 319, 349
• Coro, 55, 65, 79, 81, 84, 91, 94
• Corocoro, 215, 222, 234, 235, 237
• Coroico, 215, 224
• Coronel, 236, 261, 263, 264, 274, 275
• Coropuno Mt., 168
• Corumbá, 218, 220, 231, 289, 343, 365, 404, 407, 409, 428
• Corral, 273
• Corriente R., 125
• Corrientes, 283, 288, 297, 304, 305, 306, 311, 321, 322, 328, 331, 337, 339, 343, 348
• Cotabambas, 199
• Cotopaxi Mt., 123, 125, 126, 137
• Cotton, 42, 88, 187, 321, 349, 418
• Crato, 412
• Cristóbal Colón, 69
• Cruzeiro do Sul, 405, 406
• Cruz Grande, 273
• Cua, 83
• Cuareim R., 367
• Cuatro Ojos, 227
• Cuba, 186
• Cubagua, 69
• Cúcuta, 10, 13, 28, 36, 37, 38, 84
• Cuchivero R., 74
• Cuenca, 117, 119, 122, 123, 124, 132, 138, 139, 184
• Cumaná, 55, 65, 68, 79, 83, 84, 88, 90, 94, 98
• Cundinamarca, 9, 10, 28, 40, 45
• Cuñapiru, 370
• Cupisnique, 198
• Curaçao, 31, 57, 66, 78, 79, 83, 90, 96
• Curaray R., 126, 137
• Curicó, 247, 258
• Curityba, 375, 393, 394, 410
• Cuyabá, 289, 375, 403, 407;
• R., 386, 407
• Cuyuni R., 92, 108
• Cuzco, 149, 152, 154, 159, 171, 172, 179, 180, 183, 184, 188, 190, 193, 197, 199, 201, 203, 211, 383
• Chacarilla, 234, 235
• Chaco, 223, 283, 293, 306, 312, 321, 322, 329, 331, 333, 336, 340, 342, 344, 345, 346, 349, 350, 351, 352
• Chachani Mt., 180
• Chachapoyas, 152
• Chala, 154, 168, 171
• Challapata, 216
• Chama R., 82
• Chanchamayo V., 188
• Chañaral, 265
• Chaparé R., 227
• Charles Isl., 133
• Charrúa Indians, 354
• Chatham Isl., 133
• Chaves, 406
• Chaves Isl., 133
• Chibchas, 27
• Chicama V., 164, 185, 186
• Chicla, 177
• Chiclayo, 152, 164
• Chicle, 43, 90
• Chicha, 42, 241
• Chile, 2, 4, 53, 114, 121, 122, 128, 151, 157, 158, 187, 191, 193, 205, 242, 245-279, 313, 323, 373
• Chilete, 164
• Chili R., 180
• Chiloé, 122, 247, 260, 275, 276, 277
• Chillán, 247
• Chillo V., 137
• Chimbo R., 127
• Chimbote, 159, 165, 166, 167, 176, 183, 186, 198
• Chimborazo, 116, 117, 133, 139
• Chimborazo Mt., 122, 123, 133;
• Pass, 137
• Chimoré R., 227
• Chinchillas, 193, 239
• Chinchipe R., 124
• Chiquinquirá, 37
• Chiquitos, Sierra de, 211, 383
• Chirimoias, 143, 190
• Chita, 27, 139
• Chlorolque Mt., 234
• Chocó, 10, 23, 35, 43, 49, 50
• Chone, 137
• Chonos Isls., 260
• Chorillos, 154, 183
• Chubut, 283, 299, 304, 311, 323, 325
• Chuño, 241
• Chuquiaguillo, 230, 231
• Chuquisaca, 206, 207, 217, 223, 237;
• R., 167
• Dairy Industry, 328, 361, 368
• Daule R., 127, 142
• Delegación Nac. en el Oriente, 207, 219
• Delta Amacuro, 55, 76, 94
• Delta Orinoco, 56, 95, 97
• Demarara R., 103, 104
• Desaguadero R., 212, 226, 234, 235
• Deseado, 304, 313;
• R., 313
• Diamante, 313
• Diamantina, 429
• Diamantino, 383, 386
• Diamonds, 94, 107, 108, 429
• Dique, 30, 31
• Dividivi, 89
• Doce R., 430
• Dolores, 355
• D’Orbigny, 210
• Dulce R., 295
• Durán, 136
• Durazno, 356, 364, 367
• East Coast, 280-433
• East Indians, 102, 105, 111
• Ecuador, 4, 8, 14, 15, 24, 38, 114-147, 148, 157, 163, 188, 251, 373
• El Beni, 207, 218, 243
• El Callao, 73, 74, 84, 93
• El Canto, 154
• El Dorado, 92
• El Misti, 158, 180
• El Oriente, 116, 117, 123, 134, 219
• El Oro, 116, 117, 132, 139, 144
• El Valle, 9, 10, 24, 40, 50
• El Vigia, 84
• Embarcación, 223, 293, 306, 312
• Emeralds, 7, 50
• Encarnación, 311, 335, 342, 343, 352
• Encontrados, 72, 81, 84, 85, 96
• Ené R., 170, 183
• Ensenada, 301, 302
• Entre Rios, 283, 288, 298, 305, 311, 313, 319, 329, 331
• Escalante R., 62, 64, 81, 85
• Esmeralda, 75, 76
• Esmeraldas, 116, 117, 118, 128, 130, 131, 136, 142, 145
• Esmeraldas R., 127, 130
• Espejos Spring, 238
• Esperança, 409
• Esperanza Rapids, 227
• Espirito Santo, 375, 397, 411, 414, 432
• Essequibo R., 101, 104, 105
• Esteros, 210
• Etén, 164, 175
• Eucalyptus, 234;
• timber, 145, 324, 364
• Facatativá, 33, 34, 37
• Falcón, 54, 55, 65, 79, 88, 93, 94, 97
• Federal District, 54, 55, 56, 66, 67
• Fernando de Noronha Isl., 406
• Ferreñafe, 164
• Ferrobamba, 197
• Fibre Plants, 42, 91, 107, 146, 422
• Fish, 108, 144, 194, 278, 398, 400
• Flandes, 37
• Florencia, 10
• Flores, 356, 364;
• General, 355
• Florianopolis, 375, 393
• Florida, 355, 356, 364
• Flour, 329, 427
• Forestry, 43, 89, 106, 113, 143, 191, 242, 277, 323, 345, 370, 419
• Formosa, 283, 293, 304, 306, 313, 321
• Fortaleza, 375, 401, 412
• Fragosa, 407
• Francia, Dr. J. G. R., 334
• Fray Bentos, 307, 356, 362, 369
• Friburgo, 411
• Frigoríficos, 44, 92, 278, 318, 350, 352, 368, 369
• Frio Cape, 380, 386
• Fruit, 106, 143, 189, 241, 276, 323, 349, 370, 419
• Fundición, 36
• Furniture, 328
• Galápagos Isls., 116, 117, 121, 133
• Galera Tunnel, 177;
• Volcano, 25
• Garay, Juan de, 281, 305
• Garcas R., 429
• General Lopez, (town), 318
• Georgetown, 101, 103, 104
• Girardot, 33, 34, 35, 37
• Goajira Penin., 15, 21, 36, 46, 56
• Goats, 45, 65, 91, 143, 239, 278, 315, 368, 426
• Gold, 7, 45, 49, 92, 107, 111, 112, 145, 199, 229, 274, 324, 370, 428
• Gomez, General, 92
• Gorgas, General, 128
• Goya, 298, 313
• Goyaz, 339, 375, 381, 385, 388, 404, 411, 428, 429
• Goyaz Mts., 380, 381
• Goyllarisquisga, 179, 182, 184, 196
• Granadillas, 143
• Gran Chaco, 220, 288, 338, 339
• Grande R., 127, 407
• Granja, 412
• Greenheart, 106
• Greenwich Park, 104
• Grubb, W. Barbrooke, 337
• Guacara, 67
• Guadalupe, 164
• Guaharibos Ind., 75
• Guainía R., 17, 76
• Guaira, 335
• Guaire R., 63, 68;
• V., 80
• Guajará-Mirím, 225, 227, 243, 413
• Gualaquiza, 139
• Guanabara Bay, 395
• Guanacos, 193, 329
• Guanare, 55, 71, 84
• Guanipa, 82
• Guano, 194
• Guanoco, 69, 82, 94, 97
• Guanta, 68, 79, 82
• Guapo, 68, 80
• Guaporé R., 211, 212, 227, 383
• Guaqui, 181, 221, 223, 236
• Guaranda, 117
• Guaranís, 335, 354
• Guarapiche R., 70
• Guarapuava, 425
• Guárico, 55, 70, 80, 83
• Guasipati, 73
• Guatire, 83, 87
• Guaviare R., 17, 27, 61, 75, 76
• Guayana (Guiana), 56, 76, 86, 92
• Guayana Highlands, 59, 60, 62, 72, 100, 379, 380, 384
• Guayaquil, 117, 119, 120, 127, 128, 132, 135, 136
• Guayaquil Gulf, 122, 124, 127, 128, 131, 163
• Guayas, 116, 117, 131, 139;
• R., 122, 127, 138, 156;
• V., 142
• Guiana, 100-113
• Guiana Brazilian, 100, 380, 388
• Guiana British, 73, 100, 101, 102-108
• Guiana Dutch, 100, 101, 109-112
• Guiana French, 100, 101, 112-113
• Guiana Highlands, 379, 380
• Guigüe, 80, 83
• Guindí, 335
• Hauri Hauri R., 199
• Herva Matte, 393, 422
• Higuerote, 80
• Hogs, 92, 193, 240, 317, 368
• Honda, 33, 47;
• Rapids, 33
• Horses, 45, 92, 194, 278, 317, 368, 426
• Huacho, 167, 187, 201
• Huailas V., 158, 159, 166, 167, 176, 179, 183, 198, 457
• Huaina Potosí Mt., 222, 233
• Huallaga R., 159, 160, 169, 170, 173
• Huamachuco, 165, 188
• Huancabamba, 184
• Huancavelica, 152, 171, 197, 200
• Huancayo, 171, 179, 183
• Huanchaca, 224, 232
• Huanchaco, 165, 186
• Huanday, 164
• Huanta, 188
• Huánuco, 152, 161, 169, 170, 188
• Huarás, 152, 165, 166
• Huarmey, 167, 199
• Huasaga R., 125
• Huascarán Mt., 166
• Huasco, 256, 265
• Huatanay R., 172
• Huayday, 198
• Huaytiquina, 269, 313
• Huigra, 136
• Huila, 9, 10, 28, 51
• Humboldt, Alexander von, 148
• Hydroplane, 33
• Iabaro R., 227
• Ibagué, 10, 29, 35, 39
• Ibarra, 38, 117, 133, 137
• Ibicuy, (Arg.), 289, 301, 311;
• (Par.), 352
• Ica, 152, 167, 168, 187, 197, 198
• Iguapé, Ribeira de, 386, 406
• Iguassú Falls, 289, 306, 331, 342
• Iguassú R., 289, 294, 306, 333, 343, 385, 393
• Ilo, 154, 169, 175
• Illampu Mt., 222, 225
• Illimani Mt., 222
• Imataca, 94
• Imbabura, 116, 117, 133
• Imperial, 246
• Inambari R., 192, 199
• Incas, 115, 149, 150
• Inciarte, 82, 95
• Indians, 11, 21, 24, 25, 27, 37, 56, 64, 75, 102, 118, 119, 125, 153, 173, 179, 203, 208, 246, 248, 281, 284, 306, 336, 354, 374
• Indigo, 88, 142
• Industries, 51, 106, 111, 146, 202, 238-240, 327-331
• Ingeniero White, 303
• Investments, 52, 98, 147, 203, 244, 279, 331, 353, 371, 433
• Iodine, 271
• Ipacaraí Lake, 340, 343
• Ipané R., 339
• Ipanema, 430
• Iquique, 158, 247, 255, 261, 263, 266, 271
• Iquitos, 126, 152, 154, 161, 170, 173, 179, 182, 183, 192, 382, 403
• Irala, 334
• Irigoyen, Dr. Hipolito, 282
• Iron, 94, 144, 273, 352, 430
• Islay, 168
• Itabira do Matto Dentro, 430
• Itaituba, 406
• Itamarca Falls, 383
• Itaperim, 397
• Itapura, 409
• Itaquy, 411
• Itatiaiá Mt., 1, 381, 385
• Itenéz R., 212, 227
• Itonamas R., 383
• Jaen, 139, 184, 188
• Jambeli Channel, 135
• Januaria, 406
• Jaraguá, 399;
• Grass, 425
• Jatunhuasi, 198
• Jauja R., 170, 179
• Javanese, 111
• Javary R., 384
• Jazpampa, 266
• Jejui R., 339
• Jequitonha R., 386
• Jesus Marie, 183
• Jipijapa, 131, 146
• João, Prince, 374
• Joazeiro, 412
• Juan Fernandez Isls., 249, 261, 278
• Jujuy, 283, 292, 306, 312, 321, 322, 326
• Juliaca, 180
• Jundiahy, 408, 411
• Junín, 150, 152, 170, 193, 197
• Junín Lake, 170, 179, 193
• Juquiá, 411
• Juruá, 405;
• R., 384, 406
• Kaieteur Falls, 101, 104
• Kaolin, 108, 352
• Kapok, 423
• La Asunción, 55, 70
• La Ceiba, 35, 81, 85, 98
• La Columna Mt., 59
• La Chacarilla, 235
• La Dorada, 33, 34, 37, 38
• La Goajira, 10, 18
• La Guaira, 63, 67, 77, 80, 83
• La Guayra Falls, 289, 306, 333, 343, 385, 393
• Laguna, 406
• Laguneta, 62
• La Hacha, 81
• La Limeña, 165
• Lambayeque, 152, 164, 187, 189
• La Merced, 178
• La Pampa, 283, 288, 299, 303, 310, 319
• La Paz, 181, 184, 206, 207, 209, 210, 213, 214, 217, 221, 222, 223, 224, 225, 226, 230, 231, 233, 234, 236, 237, 242, 243, 248, 311, 457
• La Plata, 283, 285, 302, 309, 312, 318, 329
• La Plata R., 210, 211, 212, 281, 289, 301, 302, 306, 354, 360, 364, 379, 385;
• Isl., 144
• La Quiaca, 184, 223, 235, 292, 309, 312
• Lara, 55, 63, 66, 88, 93
• La Rioja, 283, 295, 321, 322, 325
• La Serena, 247, 248, 256, 265
• Latacunga, 117, 125, 137, 139
• Lavalleja General, 355
• La Vela, 65, 79, 81
• La Victoria, 67, 80
• Lead, 144, 194, 195, 235, 274, 432
• Lebrija R., 34, 35
• León, 116, 117, 133
• Leopoldina, 407, 411
• Leticia, 154
• Libertad, 152, 164, 188, 189
• Lima, 8, 115, 149, 150, 152, 153, 154, 160, 162, 167, 176, 179, 183, 187, 190, 203, 206, 455, 457
• Linares, 247, 258
• Linseed, 320
• Lipez, 234;
• Serranía de, 211
• Live stock, 44, 91, 108, 143, 193, 239, 240, 277, 315, 350, 368, 424
• Loa R., 256, 268
• Lobitos, 144, 201
• Lobos Isls., 164, 201
• Lobos, Punta de, 275
• Loja, 116, 117, 123, 124, 132, 139, 144, 145, 184
• Lomas, 168
• Lopez, Carlos Antonio, 334;
• Francisco, 334, 335
• Loreto, 152, 173, 179
• Lorica, 22
• Los Andes, (Chile), 254, 268, 269;
• (Arg.), 283, 291, 293
• Los Angeles, 247
• Los Patos Pass, 257
• Los Rios, 116, 117, 132
• Lota, 263, 264, 274, 275
• Luque, 342;
• Hernando de, 147
• Lurín, 183
• Llallagua, 233
• Llamas, 143, 193, 225, 239
• Llanos, 16, 27, 59, 60, 62, 70, 71, 91, 123, 211
• Llanquihue, 247, 259, 277;
• Lake, 252
• Macami, 110
• Macas, 139, 145
• Maceió, 375, 399, 417
• Macora, 146
• Machacamarca, 224
• Machachi V., 137
• Machala, 117, 132, 139
• Machalilla, 136
• Madeira R., 160, 243, 383, 384, 403, 406, 412, 413
• Madeira-Mamoré Ry., 183, 225, 227, 228, 243, 383, 412
• Madera R., 212
• Madidi R., 212, 227, 237, 241
• Madre de Dios, 152, 173, 199;
• R., 159, 172, 183, 192, 212, 219, 227, 238, 241, 383
• Magallanes, 246, 247, 260, 275, 278
• Magangué, 34
• Magdalena, 9, 10, 21;
• R., 16, 17, 18, 22, 32-35, 37, 38
• Magellan Strait, 251
• Mahogany, 90
• Maipo R., 246
• Maipures Rapids, 17, 75
• Maize, see Corn
• Majes R., 168, 180
• Mal Abrigo, 366
• Malabrigo, 165
• Maldonado, (Peru), 152;
• (Urug.), 356, 363, 367, 370
• Malleco, 247, 259;
• R., 264
• Mamoré R., 160, 211, 212, 219, 227, 383, 412, 413
• Manabí, 116, 117, 131, 142, 144, 146
• Manaos, 26, 43, 179, 375, 378, 403, 406, 413
• Mandioca, 142, 349, 400, 419
• Manganese, 145, 325, 352, 370, 428
• Manglar Alto, 136, 146
• Mangrove, 90
• Manizales, 10, 23, 35
• Manta, 131, 136, 144;
• Bay, 131
• Mantaro R., 159, 170, 171
• Mantiqueiro, Serra de, 385, 428
• Manufactures, 51, 52, 98, 202, 203, 278, 327-329, 352, 371, 426, 427
• Manzanares R., 79
• Mapocho R., 254
• Mar, Serra do, 1, 380, 381, 385, 388
• Maracaibo, 41, 55, 57, 64, 78, 82, 83, 84, 91, 94, 98
• Maracaibo Channel, 78, 96;
• Lake, 16, 31, 36, 46, 48, 53, 59, 61, 62, 64, 78, 82, 84, 87, 94, 95, 96
• Maracajú, Serra de, 385
• Maracay, 55, 57, 67, 79, 80, 83, 87, 92, 98
• Marajós Isl., 382, 406
• Maranhão, 375, 377, 401, 406, 415, 418, 430
• Marañón R., 119, 124, 125, 138, 159, 170, 182, 192
• Mar del Plata, 302, 309, 326, 330
• Margarita Isl., 69, 70, 79, 98
• Mariquita, 35
• Maroni R., 109, 113
• Marowijne R., 111, 112, 113
• Martinez, 317
• Martinique Isl., 112
• Matahuasi, 183
• Matarani, 168
• Matto Grosso, 289, 339, 348, 375, 383, 386, 403, 413, 415, 422, 424, 425, 426, 428, 429
• Matucana, 178
• Maturín, 55, 70
• Mauá, 407, 411
• Maués, 406
• Maule, 247, 258;
• R., 252
• Medellín, 10, 12, 13, 19, 23, 35, 37, 38, 51
• Medicinal Plants, 44
• Meiggs, Henry, 165, 177, 179, 196
• Mejillones, 256, 266, 267
• Melo, 356, 363, 366
• Mendoza, 269, 281, 283, 288, 296, 297, 303, 309, 310, 320, 322, 323, 325, 326, 329;
• Pedro de, 281, 333
• Mene Grande, 95, 96
• Mercedario Mt., 251
• Mercedes, 356, 361, 365, 366
• Mérida, 55, 57, 72, 81, 84, 93, 98
• Mesopotamia, 288, 290, 317
• Mestizos, 209
• Meta, 10, 26;
• R., 17, 27, 61, 62, 65, 84
• Minas, 356, 364, 370
• Minas Geraes, 375, 381, 388, 404, 414, 418, 424, 425, 426, 428, 429, 430, 432
• Mining-Minerals, 45-50, 52, 92-97, 107, 108, 111, 112, 144, 145;
• 194-202, 229-238, 270-275, 324-326, 352, 370, 427-433
• Miranda, 54, 55, 66, 68, 79, 80
• Mirím Lake, 354, 359, 363, 386, 387, 407
• Misiones, 283, 287, 293, 311, 313, 321, 322, 324, 328, 331, 422;
• Sierra de, 211
• Mocoa, 10, 26, 38
• Mojos Plains, 384
• Molybdenum, 201
• Mollendo, 161, 168, 175, 179, 192, 221, 222, 243, 261
• Monagas, 54, 55, 70, 82
• Monazite, 398
• Monday R., 339
• Montaña, 153, 154, 156, 159, 161, 172, 174, 178, 181, 188, 210
• Montecristi, 131, 146
• Monteria, 22, 38
• Montevideo, 354, 355, 356, 357, 360, 364, 365, 366, 367, 370, 371, 392, 404, 410
• Moquegua, 152, 169, 255
• Moriche Palm, 91
• Morococha, 177, 195, 196, 200, 224
• Morona R., 124, 125
• Moropán, 163
• Morrisquillo Bay, 44
• Motatán, 72, 81, 84, 85
• Moyabamba, 152
• Nacion La, (Newspaper), 285
• Nacunday, 347
• Nahuel Huapi Lake, 288, 299, 313, 324
• Naiguatá Falls, 98;
• Mt., 60
• Nanay R., 124, 126
• Napo, 126;
• R., 26, 115, 118, 124, 126, 138, 139
• Naranjal, 139
• Naricual, 82, 93
• Nariño, 9, 10, 25, 50, 51
• Natal, 375, 400, 412
• Nazareth, 412
• Nechi R., 34, 50
• Negra Muerta, 312
• Negritos, 202
• Negro R., (Amazon), 17, 26, 43, 76, 384, 403, 406;
• (Arg.), 288, 290, 309;
• (Urug.), 358, 359, 361, 365;
• (South Brazil), 393
• Neiva, 10, 28, 35, 39
• Nemocón, 37
• Nepeña R., 167
• Neuquen, 283, 299, 309, 322, 324, 325, 326
• Neveri R., 68, 82
• New Amsterdam, 103, 104
• New Granada, 8, 115
• Nico Peréz, 366
• Nictheroy, 375, 396, 411
• Nichare R., 74
• Nirgua, 66, 93
• Nitrates, 270
• North Coast, 7-113
• Nuble, 247, 258
• Nueva Esparta, 55, 69
• Nueva Germania, 347
• Nuevo Gulf, 304
• Nuts, 417
• Obidos, 403, 406
• Ocaña, 35
• Ocumare de la Costa, 67, 79, 83
• Ocumare del Tuy, 55, 68, 80, 89
• O’Higgins, 247, 258, 272, 276
• Ojeda, Alonzo de, 8, 53
• Olinda, 426
• Olmas, 367
• Ollague, 223, 268, 275
• Orán, 223, 306
• Oranges, 349, 419
• Orellana, 154;
• Francisco de, 115, 126
• Oriente, 116, 117, 123, 134, 140, 145
• Orinoco R., 3, 16, 17, 18, 26, 48, 59, 60, 61, 73, 74, 75, 76, 84, 90, 92, 94, 99, 101
• Oro, Rio de, 28, 48, 96
• Orocué, 31
• Oroya, 177, 178, 179, 183, 200
• Ortíz, 83
• Orton R., 227
• Oruro, 207, 209, 210, 215, 223, 224, 232, 233, 234, 243
• Osasco, 424
• Osorno, 313
• Otuzco, 188, 198
• Ouro Preto, 405
• Ovalle, 273
• Oyack R., 112
• Oyapock R., 112, 406
• Oyón, 198
• Pacaraima Mts., 101
• Pacasmayo, 164, 169, 175, 188, 189
• Pacific Ry., 37
• Pachacamac R., 183
• Pachacayo, 197, 198
• Pacheco, 238
• Pachitea R., 169, 170
• Paita, 131, 156, 163, 175, 182, 201, 202
• Paja Toquilla, 146
• Palcazú, 170
• Palma Sola, 81
• Palmira, 25, 36, 37, 38
• Paloma, 367
• Pampa Aullagas Lake, 212
• Pampa Central, See La Pampa
• Pampatar, 70, 79
• Pamplona, 38
• Panamá, 7, 8, 15, 18, 107, 133
• Panamá Hats, 25, 26, 51, 131, 146, 163, 201
• Pan American Ry., 38, 137, 175, 179, 184, 223
• Pando, 361
• Pangoa R., 183
• Pantana, 42
• Paper, 91, 98, 107, 146, 328
• Pará, 174, 179, 182, 375, 383, 401, 402, 406, 408, 412, 417, 420, 425, 432;
• R., 382, 402
• Paracas Penin., 198
• Paraguarí, 335, 337, 342, 352
• Paraguay, 205, 220, 332-353, 368, 369, 422
• Paraguay R., 205, 212, 220, 226, 304, 313, 333, 338, 339, 343, 383, 386, 409, 410
• Parahyba, 375, 400, 412, 417, 429, 432
• Parahyba do Norte R., 400
• Parahyba do Sul R., 386, 396, 411
• Paramaribo, 109, 110, 111
• Paramos, 19, 28, 72, 122, 129
• Paraná, (Arg.), 283, 289, 298, 305;
• (Brazil), 375, 385, 388, 393, 394, 419, 422, 424, 425, 429, 430, 431
• Paraná R., 288, 289, 304, 305, 306, 311, 333, 339, 340, 343, 347, 374, 381, 385, 388, 393, 407, 410
• Paranaguá, 394, 410, 422, 425
• Paranahyba R., 385
• Paranapanema R., 385, 393
• Paria Gulf, 60, 69, 70, 76, 78, 97;
• Penin., 69, 97
• Parime Mts., 60
• Parnahyba R., 386, 401
• Pastaza R., 124, 125
• Pasto, 10, 12, 25, 38, 51, 133
• Patagonas, 275
• Patagonia, 287, 288, 299, 309, 310, 313, 317, 324
• Patapó, 164
• Patía R., 16, 17, 25, 36
• Patiño Simón, J., 224, 233
• Pato R., 50
• Patos, Lagôa dos, 386, 387, 392, 407
• Paucartambo, 199; R., 159;
• V., 188
• Paulo Affonso Falls, 386
• Pauta R., 124
• Paysandú, 356, 357, 362, 365, 367, 370
• Pearls, 94, 144
• Pedernales, 76;
• Isl., 97
• Pedro, Dom II., 374
• Pelotas, 392, 425, 431
• Perené R., 159, 170, 178, 183;
• V., 178
• Pericos, 84
• Perija, 84, 96;
• Sierra de, 18, 59, 61
• Peripe R., 127
• Pernambuco, 367, 374, 375, 387, 399, 406, 412, 414, 416, 418, 422, 426, 428, 431, 432
• Peru, 4, 5, 118, 121, 122, 123, 125, 148-204, 275, 278, 281, 382, 383, 384, 406, 457
• Petare, 80
• Petroleum, 46, 95, 144, 201, 237, 275, 325, 371, 432
• Petropolis, 396, 407, 411
• Philip II., 374
• Piar District, 73
• Piauhy, 375, 388, 401, 428
• Pichilemu, 264
• Pichincha, 115, 116, 117, 133, 139, 144, 145;
• Volc., 123
• Pichis R., 170
• Pilar, 335, 336, 342
• Pilcomayo R., 212, 217, 226, 288, 289, 339
• Pimentel, 164
• Pintados, 266
• Pirámides, 304
• Pirapora, 406
• Piria, Señor, 364
• Piriápolis, 363, 367
• Piracicaba, 425, 432
• Pisagua, 255, 266, 270, 271
• Pisco, 154, 168, 175, 199, 200
• Piura, 152, 163, 182, 187, 201
• Pizarro, 163
• Pizarro, Francisco, 115, 149, 164, 169, 172, 245, 281
• Pizarro, Gonzales, 115, 126
• Plaisance, 104
• Plantains, 41, 106, 142
• Platinum, 7, 48, 144, 145, 432
• Pomasqui, 145
• Pongo de Manseriche, 124, 138, 182
• Ponta Grossa, 394, 410
• Poopo, Lake, 212, 226
• Popayán, 10, 12, 25, 36, 38, 39
• Porce R., 50
• Port of Spain, 69, 78
• Porto Alegre, 375, 392, 410
• Porto Esperança, 409
• Porto Velho, 413
• Portoviejo, 117, 131;
• R., 131
• Portuguesa, 55, 60, 71, 77, 88
• Posadas, 283, 294, 306, 311, 337, 342, 343
• Potaro R., 104
• Potash, 271
• Potosi, 207, 209, 216, 224, 225, 230, 231, 232, 233, 234, 237
• Prat, 267
• Prensa, La, (newspaper), 285
• Providencia, 10
• Pucalpa, 182
• Pucasuro R., 125
• Puente del Este, 367
• Puerto Aiguirre, 306
• Puerto Asís, 38
• Puerto Belgrano, 312
• Puerto Beltrán, 33, 34, 37
• Puerto Bermudez, 179
• Puerto Berrío, 35
• Puerto Bolívar, 138
• Puerto Brais, 224
• Puerto Cabello, 66, 67, 77, 80, 81, 83, 92, 98
• Puerto Colombia, 12, 30, 32
• Puerto del Sauce, 367
• Puerto Deseado, 313, 330
• Puerto Galileo, 345
• Puerto Gallegos, 283, 304, 313, 314
• Puerto Galván, 303
• Puerto Jessup, 179
• Puerto Limón, 182
• Puerto Madryn, 304, 311
• Puerto Max, 343
• Puerto Mendez, 343
• Puerto Militar, 326
• Puerto Molendez, 182
• Puerto Montt, 247, 252, 259, 264, 266, 269, 278
• Puerto Pando, 227
• Puerto Pinasco, 345, 350
• Puerto Suarez, 207, 210, 218, 220, 225, 238, 243
• Puerto Tablas, 73
• Puerto Villamizar, 36
• Puerto Wertheman, 183
• Puerto Wilches, 34, 37
• Pulacayo, 232
• Puna, 212
• Puná Isl., 122, 127, 131, 135, 139
• Puno, 152, 172, 180, 181, 188, 193, 199, 221
• Punta Arenas, 193, 247, 249, 253, 261, 263, 278, 304, 313
• Punta de Lobos, 275
• Purús, 405; R., 172, 227, 384
• Putumayo, 10, 26;
• R., 17, 26, 38, 126
• Pyreneos Mt., 381, 385
• Quarahim, 367, 411
• Quebracho, 323, 345
• Quelez, 428
• Queruvilca, 164, 198
• Quesada, Gonzalo Jimenez de, 8
• Quespesisa Cerro, 199
• Quevado R., 127
• Quibdó, 10, 24, 35, 43, 48
• Quichuas, 172, 179, 181, 208
• Quicksilver, 133, 144, 200
• Quilca, 168
• Quiloaza R., 305
• Quimsa Cruz Range, 234
• Quinine, 142, 242
• Quinua, 191, 241
• Quiquió, 352
• Quishuarcancha, 179, 196
• Quispicanchis, 199
• Quito, 115, 116, 117, 119, 120, 122, 127, 130, 136, 137, 139
• Rancagua, 247, 272
• Rauco Lake, 252
• Rawson, 283, 304
• Recife, 375, 377, 399, 406, 417
• Reconquista, 314
• Recuay, 166, 183, 184
• Reloncavi Gulf, 266
• Remate dos Males, 406
• Resistencia, 283, 293, 312, 321
• Reventazón, 163
• Riachuelo, 330;
• R., 301
• Riberalta, 207, 210, 219, 225, 227, 413
• Rice, 42, 105, 110, 189, 241, 322, 350, 419
• Rimac R., 149, 162;
• V., 177
• Riobamba, 117, 125, 136, 137, 145
• Rio Branco, 405
• Rio Chico, 68, 80
• Rio de Janeiro, 254, 367, 374, 375, 377, 381, 388, 390, 395, 396, 406, 407, 408, 411, 414, 416, 418, 427, 432, 454, 456
• Rio Grande, 392;
• R., 385
• Rio Grande do Norte, 375, 381, 400, 412, 416, 423, 429, 432
• Rio Grande do Sul, 375, 380, 385, 386, 387, 388, 391, 410, 411, 416, 418, 422, 425, 426, 427, 429, 430, 431, 432
• Riohacha, 21, 30, 31, 46
• Rio Limón, 82
• Rio Mulato, 224
• Rio Negro, (Arg.), 283, 299, 304, 309;
• (Urug.), 356, 361;
• (Brazil), 393, 410
• Rivera, 356, 362, 366, 370;
• General, 355
• Rockstone, 104
• Rocha, 356, 363, 366, 367
• Roosevelt R., 383
• Ropeway Line, 35
• Roraima Mt., 61, 101, 380
• Rosario, 285, 289, 297, 301, 304, 307, 308, 310, 312, 316, 322, 326, 331;
• (Urug.), 366, 367
• Rubber, 43, 89, 106, 143, 192, 242, 419, 420
• Rurenabaque, 224, 227
• Sabana Ry., 34, 37
• Sacramento, Pampa del, 160, 183
• Saenz Peña, Dr. Roque, 282
• Safety Isls., 112
• St. George Gulf, 304, 313
• St. Laurent, 113
• St. Roque Cape, 381
• Salado del Norte R., 289, 295
• Salaverry, 164, 165, 175, 186
• Salt, 64, 69, 94, 201, 275, 325
• Salta, 269, 283, 292, 306, 307, 312, 313, 321, 322, 326
• Salto, 356, 357, 362, 365, 367, 370
• Salto Grande Falls, 331
• Sama R., 255
• Samanco, 167, 186, 188
• San Andrés, 10, 12
• San Antonio, (Col.), 10, 72;
• (Ven.), 72;
• (Ec.), 137, 145;
• (Chile), 258, 265;
• (Arg.), 283, 293, 299, 304, 313;
• (Par.), 345, 350;
• Cape, 289
• San Bernadino, 343
• San Carlos, (Ven.), 55, 71, 84;
• (Urug.), 367
• San Carlos de Bariloche, 313
• San Cristóbal, 55, 71, 84;
• Isl., 133
• Sandia, 199
• San Eugenio, 356, 367
• San Felipe, (Ven.), 55, 66, 81, 83;
• (Chile), 247
• San Felix, 73, 81, 84
• San Fernando, 247
• San Fernando de Apure, 55, 71, 84
• San Fernando de Atabapo, 55, 75
• San Francisco, 310
• San Francisco de Yare, 80
• San Fructuoso, 356
• Sangay Mt., 123
• San Ignacio, 335
• San Jorge R., 34
• San José, 356, 361, 366
• San Juan, 283, 295, 303, 322, 323, 325
• San Juan R., (Col.), 15, 17, 18, 24, 26, 43, 49
• San Juan R., (Ven.), 69, 97
• San Julian, 304, 313
• San Lorenzo, (Ven.), 82, 95;
• (Ec.), 137;
• Cape, 121, 131
• San Luis, 283, 287, 288, 297, 303, 310, 317, 319, 325
• San Luis do Maranhão, 401
• San Martín, 48, 152, 173, 188
• San Martín, General, 150, 246, 257, 281
• San Matias Gulf, 313
• San Nicolas, 301
• San Pedro, (Chile), 268;
• (Par.), 335, 342
• San Rafael, (Ven.), 83;
• (Arg.), 297
• San Ramón, 366
• San Roque, Dique, 296
• San Salvador, 343, 345, 350
• Santa, 167;
• R., 158, 165, 166, 167, 184, 186
• Santa Ana, 83;
• Lake, 170
• Sant’ Anna do Livramento, 366, 410, 425
• Santa Barbara, 81, 85
• Santa Catharina, 375, 385, 388, 392, 418, 420, 422, 426, 431, 432
• Santa Cruz, (Bol.), 207, 209, 210, 217, 218, 223, 225, 227, 230, 231, 236, 237, 238, 241, 242, 243, 342, 383;
• (Arg.), 283, 300, 304, 317, 318; R., 300;
• (Brazil), 411, 430
• Santa Elena, 120, 131, 136, 138, 144;
• Cape, 121, 122, 131
• Santa Fé, 283, 285, 288, 289, 290, 297, 301, 305, 307, 308, 310, 311, 312, 316, 318, 319, 322, 326, 329, 330
• Santa Isabel, 406
• Santa Lucía, 370
• Santa Maria Isl., 133;
• Cape, 289
• Santa Marta, 10, 12, 19, 21, 30, 31, 32, 36, 41, 45
• Santa Marta, Nevada de, 15, 21, 40, 46
• Santander, 9, 10, 28, 46, 51
• Santander del Norte, 9, 10, 28, 30, 36, 37, 38, 40, 41, 81
• Santarem, 406
• Santa Rosa, 144
• Santa Rosa de Toay, 283
• Santa Teresa, 68
• Santiago, 246, 247, 248, 249, 251, 254, 257, 264, 265, 272, 276;
• R., 124, 126
• Santiago de Chuco, 198
• Santiago del Estero, 281, 283, 290, 295, 308, 312, 314, 321, 325, 331
• Santo Amaro, 412
• Santo Antonio, 383, 406
• Santos, 4, 374, 387, 388, 394, 408, 414
• São Borja, 411
• São Felix, 412
• São Francisco, 342, 393, 410;
• R., 377, 381, 386, 398, 399, 406, 412, 429
• São Lourenço R., 386
• São Luis de Caceres, 407
• São Luis do Maranhão, 401
• São Paulo, 218, 254, 366, 375, 377, 385, 388, 394, 395, 408, 409, 410, 411, 414, 415, 416, 418, 422, 424, 425, 426, 427, 429, 430, 431, 432
• São Salvador, 375, 398
• São Vicente, 374
• Sapodilla, 90, 106
• Sapotal R., 127
• Saramacca R., 109
• Sarmiento Mt., 251
• Sechura Bay, 163
• Segovia Highlands, 60, 65, 66
• Senilossa, 309
• Senna Madureira, 405
• Serena, See La Serena
• Sergipe, 375, 398, 412, 432
• Serpent’s Mouth, 69
• Serrapia, Tree, 90
• Sete Quedas Falls, 333, 339, 385
• Sevilla de Oro, 119, 145
• Sheep, 92, 143, 193, 240, 260, 277, 278, 317, 368, 426
• Sibate, 37
• Silla de Caracas, 60
• Silver, 195, 231
• Sincerín, 31
• Sinú R., 16, 22, 36;
• V., 44
• Siquisique, 81
• Sogamoso, 27, 38;
• R., 35, 44
• Solis, Juan de, 364
• Sorata, 215, 225, 236, 455;
• Mt., 212, 214
• Soriano, 356, 361
• Sorocabana, 409
• Soroche, 129, 161, 178, 180, 191
• Stock, See Live Stock
• Sucre, (Ven.), 54, 55, 68, 78, 79, 82, 93, 94;
• (Bol.), 206, 207, 209, 217, 224, 225
• Sucre, Gen. Antonio José de, 68, 150, 206
• Sugar, 41, 87, 105, 110, 142, 185, 241, 321, 349, 416
• Sulphur, 94, 275
• Sumbay, 200
• Supe, 167, 187
• Suriname, 109;
• R., 109, 110, 111
• Tabatinga, 406
• Tacna, 148, 151, 152, 247, 255, 266, 274
• Tacora, 236, 275
• Tacuará R., 359
• Tacuarembó, 356, 363, 370
• Táchira, 55, 71, 81, 84, 93
• Tagua, 21, 43, 142, 143, 191, 418
• Taitao, 260
• Takutu R., 108
• Talara, 202
• Talca, 247, 258, 264
• Talcahuano, 261, 263, 264, 269, 274
• Taltal, 256, 266
• Tamalameque, 36, 37
• Tamaya, 273
• Tambo R., 170, 178, 183
• Tannin, 89, 90, 277, 323, 345
• Tapajós R., 339, 383, 386, 402, 406
• Taquia, 200, 237
• Tarapacá, 151, 247, 255, 270
• Taratá, 266
• Tarija, 207, 209, 217, 223, 237
• Tarma, 178
• Tebicuary R., 339
• Temuco, 247, 269, 277
• Therezina, 375, 401
• Ticlio, 177, 196
• Tierra del Fuego, 251, 274, 283, 290, 300, 318, 325
• Tiété R., 385
• Tigre, 299;
• R., 124, 125
• Tin, 232
• Tipuani R., 230, 231
• Tirapata, 183, 199
• Titicaca Lake, 159, 172, 179, 180, 181, 201, 208, 215, 221, 233, 235, 238, 239, 243
• Tobacco, 42, 87, 142, 191, 241, 322, 348, 416
• Tocantins R., 381, 382, 402, 406, 412
• Toco, 266
• Tocopilla, 256, 266, 267, 272
• Tocujo R., 62, 65, 81
• Todos os Santos Lake, 252
• Tofo, 273, 274
• Tola, 237
• Toledo, 366
• Tolima, 9, 10, 29, 33, 35, 37, 40, 50
• Tongoy, 273
• Tonka Bean, 90, 107
• Toquilla, 146
• Tortoise, 134
• Totora, 225
• Treinta y Tres, 355, 356, 363, 366
• Trelew, 304, 311
• Tres Barros, 420
• Trinidad, (Bol.), 207, 210, 218;
• (Urug.), 367
• Trinidad Isl., 69, 87, 93, 97, 106;
• Lake, 94, 95
• Trombetes R., 384
• Trujillo, (Ven.), 55, 72, 81, 84, 85, 93;
• (Peru), 149, 152, 154, 164
• Tucacas, 65, 79, 81, 98
• Tucumán, 281, 283, 285, 294, 308, 310, 312, 321, 322, 331
• Tucupita, 55, 76
• Tucurutu Mts., 108
• Tulcán, 117, 133, 145
• Tumaco, 26, 30, 31, 36, 38, 43
• Tumbes, 132, 139, 149, 152, 163, 191, 198, 201
• Tumbes R., 122, 163
• Tumeremo, 74, 84
• Tumuc Humac Mts., 109, 112
• Tungsten, 200, 325
• Tungurahua, 116, 117, 133, 139
• Tunja, 10, 27, 35
• Tupiza, 217, 223, 230
• Tupungato, 251
• Turiamo, 79, 92
• Tutoya, 401
• Tuy R., 63, 68, 80
• Ucayali R., 124, 125, 159, 160, 169, 170, 173, 178, 182, 183, 192
• Unare R., 60
• Uncia, 224, 233, 234
• Unduavi, 224
• União da Victoria, 342, 393
• United Fruit Co., 21, 22
• Upata, 73
• Urabá Gulf, 16, 23, 35, 41, 46
• Uribe, Señor, 11;
• President, 355
• Uracá, 72, 84
• Urcos, 183
• Urquiza, General, 304
• Urubamba R., 170, 172, 183, 192
• Urubupungá Falls, 385
• Urucum, 428
• Uruguay, 114, 289, 331, 334, 348, 349, 354-371, 416, 427, 431, 452
• Uruguay R., 288, 289, 294, 306, 307, 313, 331, 354, 359, 362, 365, 371, 385, 391, 411
• Uruguayana, 392, 411
• Ushuaiá, 283, 300, 304
• Uspallata Pass, 267, 296
• Uyuni, 217, 223, 224, 268
• Valdivia, (Col.), 34;
• (Chile), 246, 247, 248, 259, 264, 277
• Valdivia, Pedro de, 246
• Valencia, 55, 67, 80, 83, 84, 90;
• Lake, 62, 67, 87
• Valera, 72
• Valle de Upar, 36
• Vallenar, 265
• Vanadium, 200
• Vanilla, 88
• Vaupés, 10, 26, 43;
• R., 17
• Vegetables, 190
• Venezuela, 15, 30, 37, 53-99, 101, 423
• Venezuela, Gulf of, 64, 65, 78
• Ventuari R., 61, 76
• Verrugas V., 177
• Vespucci, Amerigo, 373
• Viacha, 210, 223
• Victoria, 375, 397, 411, 430
• Vicuñas, 193, 239
• Vichada, 10, 27;
• R., 17, 27, 75, 91
• Viedma, 283, 304
• Vilcamayu R., 159
• Vilcanota, 159, 211
• Villa Bella, 210, 219, 227, 243, 413
• Villa Church, 225, 227, 413
• Villa Concepción, 342
• Villa de Cura, 67, 83
• Villa Encarnación, 342
• Villa Hayes, 342, 349
• Villamizar, 30, 31, 85
• Villa Montes, 207, 220
• Villa Murtinho, 219, 227, 413
• Villavicencio, 10
• Villeta, 335
• Vinces R., 127
• Viña del Mar, 263
• Viscacha, 193, 239
• Visser, 304
• Viticulture, 189, 241, 276, 322, 370
• Vitor, 180
• Vreeden Hook, 104
• Waini R., 108
• Water power, 52, 83, 98, 101, 124, 202, 225, 279, 331, 371, 385, 394, 405, 426, 433
• West Coast, 114-279
• Wheat, 43, 88, 276, 320, 418
• Wheelwright, William, 264, 307
• Wismar, 104
• Wool, 193, 239, 278, 317, 369
• Xarquedas, 431
• Xingú R., 383, 402
• Yacuiba, 210, 220, 223, 243, 312
• Yaguachi R., 127
• Yaguarón R., 359
• Yapurá R., 17, 406
• Yaracuy, 54, 55, 66, 77, 81, 93
• Yareta, 237
• Yaritagua, 66
• Yauli, 197, 200
• Yauricocha, 197, 198
• Yerba Mate, 324, 347, 393, 422
• Yhú, 335
• Ypoa Lake, 338, 340
• Yucca, 142
• Yungas, 213, 215, 224, 226, 234, 242, 243
• Yungay, 166
• Yurimaguas, 173
• Yuruán, 108
• Yuruary R., 89, 92, 93
• Zamora, (Ven.), 55, 71, 88;
• (Ec.), 145
• Zaragosa, 49
• Zarate, 289, 301, 312, 318
• Zaruma, 132, 145
• Zarzal, 37
• Zavala, General, 354
• Zinc, 45, 200, 236, 274
• Zipiquirá, 37, 45
• Zorritos, 144, 201
• Zulia, 54, 55, 64;
• Lake, 62;
• R., 16, 28, 30, 31, 36, 64, 86
• Zumba, 139